scikit-learn/sklearn/utils/__init__.py

431 lines
13 KiB
Python

import numpy as np
import scipy.sparse as sp
import warnings
_FLOAT_CODES = np.typecodes['AllFloat']
def assert_all_finite(X):
"""Throw a ValueError if X contains NaN or infinity.
Input MUST be an np.ndarray instance or a scipy.sparse matrix."""
# O(n) time, O(1) solution. XXX: will fail if the sum over X is
# *extremely* large. A proper solution would be a C-level loop to check
# each element.
if X.dtype.char in _FLOAT_CODES and not np.isfinite(X.sum()):
raise ValueError("array contains NaN or infinity")
def safe_asanyarray(X, dtype=None, order=None):
if not sp.issparse(X):
X = np.asanyarray(X, dtype, order)
assert_all_finite(X)
return X
def as_float_array(X, overwrite_X=False):
"""
Converts a numpy array to type np.float
The new dtype will be float32 or np.float64, depending on the original type.
The function can create a copy or modify the argument depending
of the argument overwrite_X
WARNING : If X is not of type float, then a copy of X with the right type
will be returned
Parameters
----------
X : array
overwrite_X : bool, optional
if False, a copy of X will be created
Returns
-------
X : array
An array of type np.float
"""
if X.dtype in [np.float32, np.float64]:
if overwrite_X:
return X
else:
return X.copy()
if X.dtype == np.int32:
X = X.astype(np.float32)
else:
X = X.astype(np.float64)
return X
def atleast2d_or_csr(X):
"""Like numpy.atleast_2d, but converts sparse matrices to CSR format"""
X = X.tocsr() if sp.issparse(X) else np.atleast_2d(X)
assert_all_finite(X)
return X
def check_random_state(seed):
"""Turn seed into a np.random.RandomState instance
If seed is None, return the RandomState singleton used by np.random.
If seed is an int, return a new RandomState instance seeded with seed.
If seed is already a RandomState instance, return it.
Otherwise raise ValueError.
"""
if seed is None or seed is np.random:
return np.random.mtrand._rand
if isinstance(seed, int):
return np.random.RandomState(seed)
if isinstance(seed, np.random.RandomState):
return seed
raise ValueError('%r cannot be used to seed a numpy.random.RandomState'
' instance' % seed)
def check_arrays(*arrays, **options):
"""Checked that all arrays have consistent first dimensions
Parameters
----------
*arrays : sequence of arrays or scipy.sparse matrices with same shape[0]
Python lists or tuples occurring in arrays are converted to 1D numpy
arrays.
sparse_format : 'csr' or 'csc', None by default
If not None, any scipy.sparse matrix is converted to
Compressed Sparse Rows or Compressed Sparse Columns representations.
copy : boolean, False by default
If copy is True, ensure that returned arrays are copies of the original
(if not already converted to another format earlier in the process).
"""
sparse_format = options.pop('sparse_format', None)
if sparse_format not in (None, 'csr', 'csc'):
raise ValueError('Unexpected sparse format: %r' % sparse_format)
copy = options.pop('copy', False)
if options:
raise ValueError("Unexpected kw arguments: %r" % options.keys())
if len(arrays) == 0:
return None
first = arrays[0]
if not hasattr(first, '__len__') and not hasattr(first, 'shape'):
raise ValueError("Expected python sequence or array, got %r" % first)
n_samples = first.shape[0] if hasattr(first, 'shape') else len(first)
checked_arrays = []
for array in arrays:
array_orig = array
if array is None:
# special case: ignore optional y=None kwarg pattern
checked_arrays.append(array)
continue
if not hasattr(array, '__len__') and not hasattr(array, 'shape'):
raise ValueError("Expected python sequence or array, got %r"
% array)
size = array.shape[0] if hasattr(array, 'shape') else len(array)
if size != n_samples:
raise ValueError("Found array with dim %d. Expected %d" % (
size, n_samples))
if sp.issparse(array):
if sparse_format == 'csr':
array = array.tocsr()
elif sparse_format == 'csc':
array = array.tocsc()
else:
array = np.asanyarray(array)
if copy and array is array_orig:
array = array.copy()
checked_arrays.append(array)
return checked_arrays
def warn_if_not_float(X, estimator='This algorithm'):
"""Warning utility function to check that data type is floating point"""
if not isinstance(estimator, basestring):
estimator = estimator.__class__.__name__
if X.dtype.kind != 'f':
warnings.warn("%s assumes floating point values as input, "
"got %s" % (estimator, X.dtype))
class deprecated(object):
"""Decorator to mark a function or class as deprecated.
Prints a warning when the function is called/the class is instantiated and
adds a warning to the docstring.
The optional extra argument will be appended to the deprecation message
and the docstring. Note: to use this with the default value for extra, put
in an empty of parentheses:
>>> from sklearn.utils import deprecated
>>> @deprecated()
... def some_function(): pass
Deprecating a class takes some work, since we want to run on Python
versions that do not have class decorators:
>>> class Foo(object): pass
...
>>> Foo = deprecated("Use Bar instead")(Foo)
"""
# Adapted from http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary,
# but with many changes.
def __init__(self, extra=''):
self.extra = extra
def __call__(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, type):
return self._decorate_class(obj)
else:
return self._decorate_fun(obj)
def _decorate_class(self, cls):
msg = "Class %s is deprecated" % cls.__name__
if self.extra:
msg += "; %s" % self.extra
# FIXME: we should probably reset __new__ for full generality
init = cls.__init__
def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
warnings.warn(msg, category=DeprecationWarning)
return init(*args, **kwargs)
cls.__init__ = wrapped
wrapped.__name__ = '__init__'
wrapped.__doc__ = self._update_doc(init.__doc__)
return cls
def _decorate_fun(self, fun):
"""Decorate function fun"""
what = "Function %s" % fun.__name__
msg = "%s is deprecated" % what
if self.extra:
msg += "; %s" % self.extra
def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
warnings.warn(msg, category=DeprecationWarning)
return fun(*args, **kwargs)
wrapped.__name__ = fun.__name__
wrapped.__dict__ = fun.__dict__
wrapped.__doc__ = self._update_doc(fun.__doc__)
return wrapped
def _update_doc(self, olddoc):
newdoc = "DEPRECATED"
if self.extra:
newdoc = "%s: %s" % (newdoc, self.extra)
if olddoc:
newdoc = "%s\n\n%s" % (newdoc, olddoc)
return newdoc
def resample(*arrays, **options):
"""Resample arrays or sparse matrices in a consistent way
The default strategy implements one step of the bootstrapping
procedure.
Parameters
----------
*arrays : sequence of arrays or scipy.sparse matrices with same shape[0]
replace : boolean, True by default
Implements resampling with replacement. If False, this will implement
(sliced) random permutations.
n_samples : int, None by default
Number of samples to generate. If left to None this is
automatically set to the first dimension of the arrays.
random_state : int or RandomState instance
Control the shuffling for reproducible behavior.
Return
------
Sequence of resampled views of the collections. The original arrays are
not impacted.
Example
-------
It is possible to mix sparse and dense arrays in the same run::
>>> X = [[1., 0.], [2., 1.], [0., 0.]]
>>> y = np.array([0, 1, 2])
>>> from scipy.sparse import coo_matrix
>>> X_sparse = coo_matrix(X)
>>> from sklearn.utils import resample
>>> X, X_sparse, y = resample(X, X_sparse, y, random_state=0)
>>> X
array([[ 1., 0.],
[ 2., 1.],
[ 1., 0.]])
>>> X_sparse # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
<3x2 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.float64'>'
with 4 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
>>> X_sparse.toarray()
array([[ 1., 0.],
[ 2., 1.],
[ 1., 0.]])
>>> y
array([0, 1, 0])
>>> resample(y, n_samples=2, random_state=0)
array([0, 1])
See also
--------
:class:`sklearn.cross_val.Bootstrap`
:func:`sklearn.utils.shuffle`
"""
random_state = check_random_state(options.pop('random_state', None))
replace = options.pop('replace', True)
max_n_samples = options.pop('n_samples', None)
if options:
raise ValueError("Unexpected kw arguments: %r" % options.keys())
if len(arrays) == 0:
return None
first = arrays[0]
n_samples = first.shape[0] if hasattr(first, 'shape') else len(first)
if max_n_samples is None:
max_n_samples = n_samples
if max_n_samples > n_samples:
raise ValueError("Cannot sample %d out of arrays with dim %d" % (
max_n_samples, n_samples))
# To cope with Python 2.5 syntax limitations
kwargs = dict(sparse_format='csr')
arrays = check_arrays(*arrays, **kwargs)
if replace:
indices = random_state.randint(0, n_samples, size=(max_n_samples,))
else:
indices = np.arange(n_samples)
random_state.shuffle(indices)
indices = indices[:max_n_samples]
resampled_arrays = []
for array in arrays:
array = array[indices]
resampled_arrays.append(array)
if len(resampled_arrays) == 1:
# syntactic sugar for the unit argument case
return resampled_arrays[0]
else:
return resampled_arrays
def shuffle(*arrays, **options):
"""Shuffle arrays or sparse matrices in a consistent way
This is a convenience alias to resample(*arrays, replace=False) to do
random permutations of the collections.
Parameters
----------
*arrays : sequence of arrays or scipy.sparse matrices with same shape[0]
random_state : int or RandomState instance
Control the shuffling for reproducible behavior.
n_samples : int, None by default
Number of samples to generate. If left to None this is
automatically set to the first dimension of the arrays.
Return
------
Sequence of shuffled views of the collections. The original arrays are
not impacted.
Example
-------
It is possible to mix sparse and dense arrays in the same run::
>>> X = [[1., 0.], [2., 1.], [0., 0.]]
>>> y = np.array([0, 1, 2])
>>> from scipy.sparse import coo_matrix
>>> X_sparse = coo_matrix(X)
>>> from sklearn.utils import shuffle
>>> X, X_sparse, y = shuffle(X, X_sparse, y, random_state=0)
>>> X
array([[ 0., 0.],
[ 2., 1.],
[ 1., 0.]])
>>> X_sparse # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
<3x2 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.float64'>'
with 3 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
>>> X_sparse.toarray()
array([[ 0., 0.],
[ 2., 1.],
[ 1., 0.]])
>>> y
array([2, 1, 0])
>>> shuffle(y, n_samples=2, random_state=0)
array([0, 1])
See also
--------
:func:`sklearn.utils.resample`
"""
options['replace'] = False
return resample(*arrays, **options)
def gen_even_slices(n, n_packs):
"""Generator to create n_packs slices going up to n.
Examples
--------
>>> from sklearn.utils import gen_even_slices
>>> list(gen_even_slices(10, 1))
[slice(0, 10, None)]
>>> list(gen_even_slices(10, 10)) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
[slice(0, 1, None), slice(1, 2, None), ..., slice(9, 10, None)]
>>> list(gen_even_slices(10, 5)) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
[slice(0, 2, None), slice(2, 4, None), ..., slice(8, 10, None)]
>>> list(gen_even_slices(10, 3))
[slice(0, 4, None), slice(4, 7, None), slice(7, 10, None)]
"""
start = 0
for pack_num in range(n_packs):
this_n = n // n_packs
if pack_num < n % n_packs:
this_n += 1
if this_n > 0:
end = start + this_n
yield slice(start, end, None)
start = end