Because the x86_64 architecture does not enforce segment limits, Xen
cannot protect itself with them as it does in 32-bit mode. Therefore,
to protect itself, it runs the guest kernel in ring 3. Since it also
runs the guest userspace in ring3, the guest kernel must maintain a
second pagetable for its userspace, which does not map kernel space.
Naturally, the guest kernel pagetables map both kernel and userspace.
The userspace pagetable is attached to the corresponding kernel
pagetable via the pgd's page->private field. It is allocated and
freed at the same time as the kernel pgd via the
paravirt_pgd_alloc/free hooks.
Fortunately, the user pagetable is almost entirely shared with the
kernel pagetable; the only difference is the pgd page itself. set_pgd
will populate all entries in the kernel pagetable, and also set the
corresponding user pgd entry if the address is less than
STACK_TOP_MAX.
The user pagetable must be pinned and unpinned with the kernel one,
but because the pagetables are aliased, pgd_walk() only needs to be
called on the kernel pagetable. The user pgd page is then
pinned/unpinned along with the kernel pgd page.
xen_write_cr3 must write both the kernel and user cr3s.
The init_mm.pgd pagetable never has a user pagetable allocated for it,
because it can never be used while running usermode.
One awkward area is that early in boot the page structures are not
available. No user pagetable can exist at that point, but it
complicates the logic to avoid looking at the page structure.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Cc: Stephen Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>
Cc: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark McLoughlin <markmc@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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