385 lines
13 KiB
ReStructuredText
385 lines
13 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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.. _cpumasks-header-label:
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==================
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BPF cpumask kfuncs
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==================
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1. Introduction
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===============
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``struct cpumask`` is a bitmap data structure in the kernel whose indices
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reflect the CPUs on the system. Commonly, cpumasks are used to track which CPUs
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a task is affinitized to, but they can also be used to e.g. track which cores
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are associated with a scheduling domain, which cores on a machine are idle,
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etc.
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BPF provides programs with a set of :ref:`kfuncs-header-label` that can be
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used to allocate, mutate, query, and free cpumasks.
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2. BPF cpumask objects
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======================
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There are two different types of cpumasks that can be used by BPF programs.
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2.1 ``struct bpf_cpumask *``
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----------------------------
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``struct bpf_cpumask *`` is a cpumask that is allocated by BPF, on behalf of a
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BPF program, and whose lifecycle is entirely controlled by BPF. These cpumasks
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are RCU-protected, can be mutated, can be used as kptrs, and can be safely cast
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to a ``struct cpumask *``.
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2.1.1 ``struct bpf_cpumask *`` lifecycle
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----------------------------------------
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A ``struct bpf_cpumask *`` is allocated, acquired, and released, using the
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following functions:
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_create
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_acquire
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_release
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For example:
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.. code-block:: c
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struct cpumask_map_value {
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struct bpf_cpumask __kptr * cpumask;
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};
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struct array_map {
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__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
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__type(key, int);
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__type(value, struct cpumask_map_value);
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__uint(max_entries, 65536);
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} cpumask_map SEC(".maps");
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static int cpumask_map_insert(struct bpf_cpumask *mask, u32 pid)
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{
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struct cpumask_map_value local, *v;
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long status;
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struct bpf_cpumask *old;
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u32 key = pid;
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local.cpumask = NULL;
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status = bpf_map_update_elem(&cpumask_map, &key, &local, 0);
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if (status) {
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bpf_cpumask_release(mask);
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return status;
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}
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v = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&cpumask_map, &key);
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if (!v) {
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bpf_cpumask_release(mask);
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return -ENOENT;
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}
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old = bpf_kptr_xchg(&v->cpumask, mask);
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if (old)
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bpf_cpumask_release(old);
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return 0;
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}
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/**
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* A sample tracepoint showing how a task's cpumask can be queried and
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* recorded as a kptr.
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*/
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SEC("tp_btf/task_newtask")
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int BPF_PROG(record_task_cpumask, struct task_struct *task, u64 clone_flags)
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{
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struct bpf_cpumask *cpumask;
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int ret;
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cpumask = bpf_cpumask_create();
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if (!cpumask)
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return -ENOMEM;
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if (!bpf_cpumask_full(task->cpus_ptr))
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bpf_printk("task %s has CPU affinity", task->comm);
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bpf_cpumask_copy(cpumask, task->cpus_ptr);
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return cpumask_map_insert(cpumask, task->pid);
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}
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----
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2.1.1 ``struct bpf_cpumask *`` as kptrs
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---------------------------------------
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As mentioned and illustrated above, these ``struct bpf_cpumask *`` objects can
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also be stored in a map and used as kptrs. If a ``struct bpf_cpumask *`` is in
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a map, the reference can be removed from the map with bpf_kptr_xchg(), or
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opportunistically acquired using RCU:
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.. code-block:: c
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/* struct containing the struct bpf_cpumask kptr which is stored in the map. */
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struct cpumasks_kfunc_map_value {
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struct bpf_cpumask __kptr * bpf_cpumask;
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};
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/* The map containing struct cpumasks_kfunc_map_value entries. */
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struct {
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__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
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__type(key, int);
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__type(value, struct cpumasks_kfunc_map_value);
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__uint(max_entries, 1);
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} cpumasks_kfunc_map SEC(".maps");
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/* ... */
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/**
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* A simple example tracepoint program showing how a
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* struct bpf_cpumask * kptr that is stored in a map can
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* be passed to kfuncs using RCU protection.
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*/
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SEC("tp_btf/cgroup_mkdir")
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int BPF_PROG(cgrp_ancestor_example, struct cgroup *cgrp, const char *path)
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{
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struct bpf_cpumask *kptr;
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struct cpumasks_kfunc_map_value *v;
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u32 key = 0;
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/* Assume a bpf_cpumask * kptr was previously stored in the map. */
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v = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&cpumasks_kfunc_map, &key);
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if (!v)
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return -ENOENT;
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bpf_rcu_read_lock();
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/* Acquire a reference to the bpf_cpumask * kptr that's already stored in the map. */
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kptr = v->cpumask;
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if (!kptr) {
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/* If no bpf_cpumask was present in the map, it's because
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* we're racing with another CPU that removed it with
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* bpf_kptr_xchg() between the bpf_map_lookup_elem()
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* above, and our load of the pointer from the map.
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*/
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bpf_rcu_read_unlock();
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return -EBUSY;
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}
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bpf_cpumask_setall(kptr);
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bpf_rcu_read_unlock();
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return 0;
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}
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----
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2.2 ``struct cpumask``
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----------------------
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``struct cpumask`` is the object that actually contains the cpumask bitmap
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being queried, mutated, etc. A ``struct bpf_cpumask`` wraps a ``struct
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cpumask``, which is why it's safe to cast it as such (note however that it is
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**not** safe to cast a ``struct cpumask *`` to a ``struct bpf_cpumask *``, and
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the verifier will reject any program that tries to do so).
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As we'll see below, any kfunc that mutates its cpumask argument will take a
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``struct bpf_cpumask *`` as that argument. Any argument that simply queries the
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cpumask will instead take a ``struct cpumask *``.
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3. cpumask kfuncs
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=================
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Above, we described the kfuncs that can be used to allocate, acquire, release,
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etc a ``struct bpf_cpumask *``. This section of the document will describe the
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kfuncs for mutating and querying cpumasks.
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3.1 Mutating cpumasks
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---------------------
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Some cpumask kfuncs are "read-only" in that they don't mutate any of their
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arguments, whereas others mutate at least one argument (which means that the
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argument must be a ``struct bpf_cpumask *``, as described above).
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This section will describe all of the cpumask kfuncs which mutate at least one
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argument. :ref:`cpumasks-querying-label` below describes the read-only kfuncs.
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3.1.1 Setting and clearing CPUs
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-------------------------------
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bpf_cpumask_set_cpu() and bpf_cpumask_clear_cpu() can be used to set and clear
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a CPU in a ``struct bpf_cpumask`` respectively:
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_set_cpu bpf_cpumask_clear_cpu
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These kfuncs are pretty straightforward, and can be used, for example, as
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follows:
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.. code-block:: c
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/**
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* A sample tracepoint showing how a cpumask can be queried.
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*/
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SEC("tp_btf/task_newtask")
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int BPF_PROG(test_set_clear_cpu, struct task_struct *task, u64 clone_flags)
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{
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struct bpf_cpumask *cpumask;
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cpumask = bpf_cpumask_create();
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if (!cpumask)
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return -ENOMEM;
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bpf_cpumask_set_cpu(0, cpumask);
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if (!bpf_cpumask_test_cpu(0, cast(cpumask)))
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/* Should never happen. */
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goto release_exit;
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bpf_cpumask_clear_cpu(0, cpumask);
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if (bpf_cpumask_test_cpu(0, cast(cpumask)))
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/* Should never happen. */
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goto release_exit;
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/* struct cpumask * pointers such as task->cpus_ptr can also be queried. */
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if (bpf_cpumask_test_cpu(0, task->cpus_ptr))
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bpf_printk("task %s can use CPU %d", task->comm, 0);
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release_exit:
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bpf_cpumask_release(cpumask);
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return 0;
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}
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----
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bpf_cpumask_test_and_set_cpu() and bpf_cpumask_test_and_clear_cpu() are
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complementary kfuncs that allow callers to atomically test and set (or clear)
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CPUs:
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_test_and_set_cpu bpf_cpumask_test_and_clear_cpu
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----
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We can also set and clear entire ``struct bpf_cpumask *`` objects in one
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operation using bpf_cpumask_setall() and bpf_cpumask_clear():
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_setall bpf_cpumask_clear
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3.1.2 Operations between cpumasks
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---------------------------------
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In addition to setting and clearing individual CPUs in a single cpumask,
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callers can also perform bitwise operations between multiple cpumasks using
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bpf_cpumask_and(), bpf_cpumask_or(), and bpf_cpumask_xor():
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_and bpf_cpumask_or bpf_cpumask_xor
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The following is an example of how they may be used. Note that some of the
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kfuncs shown in this example will be covered in more detail below.
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.. code-block:: c
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/**
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* A sample tracepoint showing how a cpumask can be mutated using
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bitwise operators (and queried).
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*/
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SEC("tp_btf/task_newtask")
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int BPF_PROG(test_and_or_xor, struct task_struct *task, u64 clone_flags)
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{
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struct bpf_cpumask *mask1, *mask2, *dst1, *dst2;
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mask1 = bpf_cpumask_create();
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if (!mask1)
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return -ENOMEM;
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mask2 = bpf_cpumask_create();
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if (!mask2) {
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bpf_cpumask_release(mask1);
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return -ENOMEM;
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}
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// ...Safely create the other two masks... */
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bpf_cpumask_set_cpu(0, mask1);
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bpf_cpumask_set_cpu(1, mask2);
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bpf_cpumask_and(dst1, (const struct cpumask *)mask1, (const struct cpumask *)mask2);
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if (!bpf_cpumask_empty((const struct cpumask *)dst1))
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/* Should never happen. */
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goto release_exit;
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bpf_cpumask_or(dst1, (const struct cpumask *)mask1, (const struct cpumask *)mask2);
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if (!bpf_cpumask_test_cpu(0, (const struct cpumask *)dst1))
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/* Should never happen. */
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goto release_exit;
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if (!bpf_cpumask_test_cpu(1, (const struct cpumask *)dst1))
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/* Should never happen. */
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goto release_exit;
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bpf_cpumask_xor(dst2, (const struct cpumask *)mask1, (const struct cpumask *)mask2);
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if (!bpf_cpumask_equal((const struct cpumask *)dst1,
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(const struct cpumask *)dst2))
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/* Should never happen. */
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goto release_exit;
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release_exit:
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bpf_cpumask_release(mask1);
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bpf_cpumask_release(mask2);
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bpf_cpumask_release(dst1);
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bpf_cpumask_release(dst2);
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return 0;
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}
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----
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The contents of an entire cpumask may be copied to another using
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bpf_cpumask_copy():
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_copy
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----
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.. _cpumasks-querying-label:
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3.2 Querying cpumasks
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---------------------
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In addition to the above kfuncs, there is also a set of read-only kfuncs that
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can be used to query the contents of cpumasks.
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_first bpf_cpumask_first_zero bpf_cpumask_first_and
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bpf_cpumask_test_cpu
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_equal bpf_cpumask_intersects bpf_cpumask_subset
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bpf_cpumask_empty bpf_cpumask_full
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.. kernel-doc:: kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
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:identifiers: bpf_cpumask_any_distribute bpf_cpumask_any_and_distribute
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----
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Some example usages of these querying kfuncs were shown above. We will not
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replicate those examples here. Note, however, that all of the aforementioned
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kfuncs are tested in `tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cpumask_success.c`_, so
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please take a look there if you're looking for more examples of how they can be
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used.
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.. _tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cpumask_success.c:
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https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cpumask_success.c
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4. Adding BPF cpumask kfuncs
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============================
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The set of supported BPF cpumask kfuncs are not (yet) a 1-1 match with the
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cpumask operations in include/linux/cpumask.h. Any of those cpumask operations
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could easily be encapsulated in a new kfunc if and when required. If you'd like
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to support a new cpumask operation, please feel free to submit a patch. If you
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do add a new cpumask kfunc, please document it here, and add any relevant
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selftest testcases to the cpumask selftest suite.
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