9443076e43
The ARM kernel's linear map starts at PAGE_OFFSET, which maps to a physical address (PHYS_OFFSET) that is platform specific, and is discovered at boot. Since we don't want to slow down translations between physical and virtual addresses by keeping the offset in a variable in memory, we implement this by patching the code performing the translation, and putting the offset between PAGE_OFFSET and the start of physical RAM directly into the instruction opcodes. As we only patch up to 8 bits of offset, yielding 4 GiB >> 8 == 16 MiB of granularity, we have to round up PHYS_OFFSET to the next multiple if the start of physical RAM is not a multiple of 16 MiB. This wastes some physical RAM, since the memory that was skipped will now live below PAGE_OFFSET, making it inaccessible to the kernel. We can improve this by changing the patchable sequences and the patching logic to carry more bits of offset: 11 bits gives us 4 GiB >> 11 == 2 MiB of granularity, and so we will never waste more than that amount by rounding up the physical start of DRAM to the next multiple of 2 MiB. (Note that 2 MiB granularity guarantees that the linear mapping can be created efficiently, whereas less than 2 MiB may result in the linear mapping needing another level of page tables) This helps Zhen Lei's scenario, where the start of DRAM is known to be occupied. It also helps EFI boot, which relies on the firmware's page allocator to allocate space for the decompressed kernel as low as possible. And if the KASLR patches ever land for 32-bit, it will give us 3 more bits of randomization of the placement of the kernel inside the linear region. For the ARM code path, it simply comes down to using two add/sub instructions instead of one for the carryless version, and patching each of them with the correct immediate depending on the rotation field. For the LPAE calculation, which has to deal with a carry, it patches the MOVW instruction with up to 12 bits of offset (but we only need 11 bits anyway) For the Thumb2 code path, patching more than 11 bits of displacement would be somewhat cumbersome, but the 11 bits we need fit nicely into the second word of the u16[2] opcode, so we simply update the immediate assignment and the left shift to create an addend of the right magnitude. Suggested-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> |
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| Documentation | ||
| LICENSES | ||
| arch | ||
| block | ||
| certs | ||
| crypto | ||
| drivers | ||
| fs | ||
| include | ||
| init | ||
| ipc | ||
| kernel | ||
| lib | ||
| mm | ||
| net | ||
| samples | ||
| scripts | ||
| security | ||
| sound | ||
| tools | ||
| usr | ||
| virt | ||
| .clang-format | ||
| .cocciconfig | ||
| .get_maintainer.ignore | ||
| .gitattributes | ||
| .gitignore | ||
| .mailmap | ||
| COPYING | ||
| CREDITS | ||
| Kbuild | ||
| Kconfig | ||
| MAINTAINERS | ||
| Makefile | ||
| README | ||
README
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.