623 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
623 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Linux WAN Router Utilities Package
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Version 2.2.1
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Mar 28, 2001
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Author: Nenad Corbic <ncorbic@sangoma.com>
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Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Sangoma Technologies Inc.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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INTRODUCTION
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Wide Area Networks (WANs) are used to interconnect Local Area Networks (LANs)
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and/or stand-alone hosts over vast distances with data transfer rates
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significantly higher than those achievable with commonly used dial-up
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connections.
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Usually an external device called `WAN router' sitting on your local network
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or connected to your machine's serial port provides physical connection to
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WAN. Although router's job may be as simple as taking your local network
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traffic, converting it to WAN format and piping it through the WAN link, these
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devices are notoriously expensive, with prices as much as 2 - 5 times higher
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then the price of a typical PC box.
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Alternatively, considering robustness and multitasking capabilities of Linux,
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an internal router can be built (most routers use some sort of stripped down
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Unix-like operating system anyway). With a number of relatively inexpensive WAN
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interface cards available on the market, a perfectly usable router can be
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built for less than half a price of an external router. Yet a Linux box
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acting as a router can still be used for other purposes, such as fire-walling,
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running FTP, WWW or DNS server, etc.
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This kernel module introduces the notion of a WAN Link Driver (WLD) to Linux
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operating system and provides generic hardware-independent services for such
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drivers. Why can existing Linux network device interface not be used for
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this purpose? Well, it can. However, there are a few key differences between
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a typical network interface (e.g. Ethernet) and a WAN link.
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Many WAN protocols, such as X.25 and frame relay, allow for multiple logical
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connections (known as `virtual circuits' in X.25 terminology) over a single
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physical link. Each such virtual circuit may (and almost always does) lead
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to a different geographical location and, therefore, different network. As a
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result, it is the virtual circuit, not the physical link, that represents a
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route and, therefore, a network interface in Linux terms.
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To further complicate things, virtual circuits are usually volatile in nature
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(excluding so called `permanent' virtual circuits or PVCs). With almost no
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time required to set up and tear down a virtual circuit, it is highly desirable
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to implement on-demand connections in order to minimize network charges. So
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unlike a typical network driver, the WAN driver must be able to handle multiple
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network interfaces and cope as multiple virtual circuits come into existence
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and go away dynamically.
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Last, but not least, WAN configuration is much more complex than that of say
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Ethernet and may well amount to several dozens of parameters. Some of them
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are "link-wide" while others are virtual circuit-specific. The same holds
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true for WAN statistics which is by far more extensive and extremely useful
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when troubleshooting WAN connections. Extending the ifconfig utility to suit
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these needs may be possible, but does not seem quite reasonable. Therefore, a
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WAN configuration utility and corresponding application programmer's interface
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is needed for this purpose.
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Most of these problems are taken care of by this module. Its goal is to
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provide a user with more-or-less standard look and feel for all WAN devices and
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assist a WAN device driver writer by providing common services, such as:
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o User-level interface via /proc file system
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o Centralized configuration
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o Device management (setup, shutdown, etc.)
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o Network interface management (dynamic creation/destruction)
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o Protocol encapsulation/decapsulation
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To ba able to use the Linux WAN Router you will also need a WAN Tools package
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available from
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ftp.sangoma.com/pub/linux/current_wanpipe/wanpipe-X.Y.Z.tgz
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where vX.Y.Z represent the wanpipe version number.
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For technical questions and/or comments please e-mail to ncorbic@sangoma.com.
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For general inquiries please contact Sangoma Technologies Inc. by
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Hotline: 1-800-388-2475 (USA and Canada, toll free)
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Phone: (905) 474-1990 ext: 106
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Fax: (905) 474-9223
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E-mail: dm@sangoma.com (David Mandelstam)
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WWW: http://www.sangoma.com
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INSTALLATION
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Please read the WanpipeForLinux.pdf manual on how to
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install the WANPIPE tools and drivers properly.
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After installing wanpipe package: /usr/local/wanrouter/doc.
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On the ftp.sangoma.com : /linux/current_wanpipe/doc
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COPYRIGHT AND LICENSING INFORMATION
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
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the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
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Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
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FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
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this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass
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Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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This product is based on the WANPIPE(tm) Multiprotocol WAN Router developed
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by Sangoma Technologies Inc. for Linux 2.0.x and 2.2.x. Success of the WANPIPE
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together with the next major release of Linux kernel in summer 1996 commanded
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adequate changes to the WANPIPE code to take full advantage of new Linux
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features.
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Instead of continuing developing proprietary interface tied to Sangoma WAN
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cards, we decided to separate all hardware-independent code into a separate
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module and defined two levels of interfaces - one for user-level applications
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and another for kernel-level WAN drivers. WANPIPE is now implemented as a
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WAN driver compliant with the WAN Link Driver interface. Also a general
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purpose WAN configuration utility and a set of shell scripts was developed to
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support WAN router at the user level.
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Many useful ideas concerning hardware-independent interface implementation
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were given by Mike McLagan <mike.mclagan@linux.org> and his implementation
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of the Frame Relay router and drivers for Sangoma cards (dlci/sdla).
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With the new implementation of the APIs being incorporated into the WANPIPE,
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a special thank goes to Alan Cox in providing insight into BSD sockets.
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Special thanks to all the WANPIPE users who performed field-testing, reported
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bugs and made valuable comments and suggestions that help us to improve this
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product.
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NEW IN THIS RELEASE
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o Updated the WANCFG utility
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Calls the pppconfig to configure the PPPD
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for async connections.
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o Added the PPPCONFIG utility
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Used to configure the PPPD daemon for the
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WANPIPE Async PPP and standard serial port.
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The wancfg calls the pppconfig to configure
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the pppd.
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o Fixed the PCI autodetect feature.
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The SLOT 0 was used as an autodetect option
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however, some high end PC's slot numbers start
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from 0.
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o This release has been tested with the new backupd
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daemon release.
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PRODUCT COMPONENTS AND RELATED FILES
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/etc: (or user defined)
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wanpipe1.conf default router configuration file
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/lib/modules/X.Y.Z/misc:
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wanrouter.o router kernel loadable module
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af_wanpipe.o wanpipe api socket module
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/lib/modules/X.Y.Z/net:
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sdladrv.o Sangoma SDLA support module
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wanpipe.o Sangoma WANPIPE(tm) driver module
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/proc/net/wanrouter
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Config reads current router configuration
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Status reads current router status
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{name} reads WAN driver statistics
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/usr/sbin:
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wanrouter wanrouter start-up script
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wanconfig wanrouter configuration utility
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sdladump WANPIPE adapter memory dump utility
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fpipemon Monitor for Frame Relay
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cpipemon Monitor for Cisco HDLC
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ppipemon Monitor for PPP
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xpipemon Monitor for X25
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wpkbdmon WANPIPE keyboard led monitor/debugger
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/usr/local/wanrouter:
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README this file
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COPYING GNU General Public License
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Setup installation script
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Filelist distribution definition file
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wanrouter.rc meta-configuration file
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(used by the Setup and wanrouter script)
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/usr/local/wanrouter/doc:
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wanpipeForLinux.pdf WAN Router User's Manual
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/usr/local/wanrouter/patches:
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wanrouter-v2213.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.11 up to 2.2.13.
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wanrouter-v2214.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.2.14.
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wanrouter-v2215.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.15 to 2.2.17.
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wanrouter-v2218.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.18 and up.
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wanrouter-v240.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.4.0.
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wanrouter-v242.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.4.2 and up.
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wanrouter-v2034.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.0.34
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wanrouter-v2036.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.0.36 and up.
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/usr/local/wanrouter/patches/kdrivers:
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Sources of the latest WANPIPE device drivers.
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These are used to UPGRADE the linux kernel to the newest
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version if the kernel source has already been patched with
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WANPIPE drivers.
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/usr/local/wanrouter/samples:
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interface sample interface configuration file
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wanpipe1.cpri CHDLC primary port
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wanpipe2.csec CHDLC secondary port
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wanpipe1.fr Frame Relay protocol
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wanpipe1.ppp PPP protocol )
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wanpipe1.asy CHDLC ASYNC protocol
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wanpipe1.x25 X25 protocol
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wanpipe1.stty Sync TTY driver (Used by Kernel PPPD daemon)
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wanpipe1.atty Async TTY driver (Used by Kernel PPPD daemon)
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wanrouter.rc sample meta-configuration file
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/usr/local/wanrouter/util:
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* wan-tools utilities source code
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/usr/local/wanrouter/api/x25:
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* x25 api sample programs.
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/usr/local/wanrouter/api/chdlc:
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* chdlc api sample programs.
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/usr/local/wanrouter/api/fr:
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* fr api sample programs.
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/usr/local/wanrouter/config/wancfg:
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wancfg WANPIPE GUI configuration program.
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Creates wanpipe#.conf files.
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/usr/local/wanrouter/config/cfgft1:
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cfgft1 GUI CSU/DSU configuration program.
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/usr/include/linux:
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wanrouter.h router API definitions
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wanpipe.h WANPIPE API definitions
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sdladrv.h SDLA support module API definitions
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sdlasfm.h SDLA firmware module definitions
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if_wanpipe.h WANPIPE Socket definitions
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if_wanpipe_common.h WANPIPE Socket/Driver common definitions.
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sdlapci.h WANPIPE PCI definitions
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/usr/src/linux/net/wanrouter:
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* wanrouter source code
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/var/log:
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wanrouter wanrouter start-up log (created by the Setup script)
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/var/lock: (or /var/lock/subsys for RedHat)
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wanrouter wanrouter lock file (created by the Setup script)
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/usr/local/wanrouter/firmware:
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fr514.sfm Frame relay firmware for Sangoma S508/S514 card
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cdual514.sfm Dual Port Cisco HDLC firmware for Sangoma S508/S514 card
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ppp514.sfm PPP Firmware for Sangoma S508 and S514 cards
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x25_508.sfm X25 Firmware for Sangoma S508 card.
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REVISION HISTORY
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1.0.0 December 31, 1996 Initial version
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1.0.1 January 30, 1997 Status and statistics can be read via /proc
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filesystem entries.
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1.0.2 April 30, 1997 Added UDP management via monitors.
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1.0.3 June 3, 1997 UDP management for multiple boards using Frame
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Relay and PPP
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Enabled continuous transmission of Configure
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Request Packet for PPP (for 508 only)
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Connection Timeout for PPP changed from 900 to 0
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Flow Control Problem fixed for Frame Relay
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1.0.4 July 10, 1997 S508/FT1 monitoring capability in fpipemon and
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ppipemon utilities.
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Configurable TTL for UDP packets.
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Multicast and Broadcast IP source addresses are
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silently discarded.
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1.0.5 July 28, 1997 Configurable T391,T392,N391,N392,N393 for Frame
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Relay in router.conf.
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Configurable Memory Address through router.conf
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for Frame Relay, PPP and X.25. (commenting this
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out enables auto-detection).
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Fixed freeing up received buffers using kfree()
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for Frame Relay and X.25.
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Protect sdla_peek() by calling save_flags(),
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cli() and restore_flags().
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Changed number of Trace elements from 32 to 20
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Added DLCI specific data monitoring in FPIPEMON.
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2.0.0 Nov 07, 1997 Implemented protection of RACE conditions by
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critical flags for FRAME RELAY and PPP.
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DLCI List interrupt mode implemented.
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IPX support in FRAME RELAY and PPP.
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IPX Server Support (MARS)
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More driver specific stats included in FPIPEMON
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and PIPEMON.
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2.0.1 Nov 28, 1997 Bug Fixes for version 2.0.0.
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Protection of "enable_irq()" while
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"disable_irq()" has been enabled from any other
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routine (for Frame Relay, PPP and X25).
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Added additional Stats for Fpipemon and Ppipemon
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Improved Load Sharing for multiple boards
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2.0.2 Dec 09, 1997 Support for PAP and CHAP for ppp has been
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implemented.
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2.0.3 Aug 15, 1998 New release supporting Cisco HDLC, CIR for Frame
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relay, Dynamic IP assignment for PPP and Inverse
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Arp support for Frame-relay. Man Pages are
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included for better support and a new utility
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for configuring FT1 cards.
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2.0.4 Dec 09, 1998 Dual Port support for Cisco HDLC.
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Support for HDLC (LAPB) API.
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Supports BiSync Streaming code for S502E
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and S503 cards.
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Support for Streaming HDLC API.
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Provides a BSD socket interface for
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creating applications using BiSync
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streaming.
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2.0.5 Aug 04, 1999 CHDLC initializatin bug fix.
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PPP interrupt driven driver:
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Fix to the PPP line hangup problem.
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New PPP firmware
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Added comments to the startup SYSTEM ERROR messages
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Xpipemon debugging application for the X25 protocol
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New USER_MANUAL.txt
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Fixed the odd boundary 4byte writes to the board.
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BiSync Streaming code has been taken out.
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Available as a patch.
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Streaming HDLC API has been taken out.
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Available as a patch.
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2.0.6 Aug 17, 1999 Increased debugging in statup scripts
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Fixed installation bugs from 2.0.5
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Kernel patch works for both 2.2.10 and 2.2.11 kernels.
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There is no functional difference between the two packages
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2.0.7 Aug 26, 1999 o Merged X25API code into WANPIPE.
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o Fixed a memory leak for X25API
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o Updated the X25API code for 2.2.X kernels.
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o Improved NEM handling.
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2.1.0 Oct 25, 1999 o New code for S514 PCI Card
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o New CHDLC and Frame Relay drivers
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o PPP and X25 are not supported in this release
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2.1.1 Nov 30, 1999 o PPP support for S514 PCI Cards
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2.1.3 Apr 06, 2000 o Socket based x25api
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o Socket based chdlc api
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o Socket based fr api
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o Dual Port Receive only CHDLC support.
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o Asynchronous CHDLC support (Secondary Port)
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o cfgft1 GUI csu/dsu configurator
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o wancfg GUI configuration file
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configurator.
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o Architectual directory changes.
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beta-2.1.4 Jul 2000 o Dynamic interface configuration:
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Network interfaces reflect the state
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of protocol layer. If the protocol becomes
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disconnected, driver will bring down
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the interface. Once the protocol reconnects
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the interface will be brought up.
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Note: This option is turned off by default.
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o Dynamic wanrouter setup using 'wanconfig':
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wanconfig utility can be used to
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shutdown,restart,start or reconfigure
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a virtual circuit dynamically.
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Frame Relay: Each DLCI can be:
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created,stopped,restarted and reconfigured
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dynamically using wanconfig.
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ex: wanconfig card wanpipe1 dev wp1_fr16 up
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o Wanrouter startup via command line arguments:
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wanconfig also supports wanrouter startup via command line
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arguments. Thus, there is no need to create a wanpipe#.conf
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configuration file.
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o Socket based x25api update/bug fixes.
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Added support for LCN numbers greater than 255.
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Option to pass up modem messages.
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Provided a PCI IRQ check, so a single S514
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card is guaranteed to have a non-sharing interrupt.
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o Fixes to the wancfg utility.
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o New FT1 debugging support via *pipemon utilities.
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o Frame Relay ARP support Enabled.
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beta3-2.1.4 Jul 2000 o X25 M_BIT Problem fix.
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o Added the Multi-Port PPP
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Updated utilites for the Multi-Port PPP.
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2.1.4 Aut 2000
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o In X25API:
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Maximum packet an application can send
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to the driver has been extended to 4096 bytes.
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Fixed the x25 startup bug. Enable
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communications only after all interfaces
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come up. HIGH SVC/PVC is used to calculate
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the number of channels.
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Enable protocol only after all interfaces
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are enabled.
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o Added an extra state to the FT1 config, kernel module.
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o Updated the pipemon debuggers.
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o Blocked the Multi-Port PPP from running on kernels
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2.2.16 or greater, due to syncppp kernel module
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change.
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beta1-2.1.5 Nov 15 2000
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o Fixed the MultiPort PPP Support for kernels 2.2.16 and above.
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2.2.X kernels only
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o Secured the driver UDP debugging calls
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- All illegal network debugging calls are reported to
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the log.
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- Defined a set of allowed commands, all other denied.
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o Cpipemon
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- Added set FT1 commands to the cpipemon. Thus CSU/DSU
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configuraiton can be performed using cpipemon.
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All systems that cannot run cfgft1 GUI utility should
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use cpipemon to configure the on board CSU/DSU.
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o Keyboard Led Monitor/Debugger
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- A new utilty /usr/sbin/wpkbdmon uses keyboard leds
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to convey operational statistic information of the
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Sangoma WANPIPE cards.
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NUM_LOCK = Line State (On=connected, Off=disconnected)
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CAPS_LOCK = Tx data (On=transmitting, Off=no tx data)
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SCROLL_LOCK = Rx data (On=receiving, Off=no rx data
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o Hardware probe on module load and dynamic device allocation
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- During WANPIPE module load, all Sangoma cards are probed
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and found information is printed in the /var/log/messages.
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- If no cards are found, the module load fails.
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- Appropriate number of devices are dynamically loaded
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based on the number of Sangoma cards found.
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Note: The kernel configuraiton option
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CONFIG_WANPIPE_CARDS has been taken out.
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o Fixed the Frame Relay and Chdlc network interfaces so they are
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compatible with libpcap libraries. Meaning, tcpdump, snort,
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ethereal, and all other packet sniffers and debuggers work on
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all WANPIPE network interfaces.
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- Set the network interface encoding type to ARPHRD_PPP.
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This tell the sniffers that data obtained from the
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network interface is in pure IP format.
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Fix for 2.2.X kernels only.
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o True interface encoding option for Frame Relay and CHDLC
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- The above fix sets the network interface encoding
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type to ARPHRD_PPP, however some customers use
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the encoding interface type to determine the
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protocol running. Therefore, the TURE ENCODING
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option will set the interface type back to the
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original value.
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NOTE: If this option is used with Frame Relay and CHDLC
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libpcap library support will be broken.
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i.e. tcpdump will not work.
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Fix for 2.2.x Kernels only.
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o Ethernet Bridgind over Frame Relay
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- The Frame Relay bridging has been developed by
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Kristian Hoffmann and Mark Wells.
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- The Linux kernel bridge is used to send ethernet
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data over the frame relay links.
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For 2.2.X Kernels only.
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o Added extensive 2.0.X support. Most new features of
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2.1.5 for protocols Frame Relay, PPP and CHDLC are
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supported under 2.0.X kernels.
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|
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beta1-2.2.0 Dec 30 2000
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o Updated drivers for 2.4.X kernels.
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|
o Updated drivers for SMP support.
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|
o X25API is now able to share PCI interrupts.
|
|
o Took out a general polling routine that was used
|
|
only by X25API.
|
|
o Added appropriate locks to the dynamic reconfiguration
|
|
code.
|
|
o Fixed a bug in the keyboard debug monitor.
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|
|
beta2-2.2.0 Jan 8 2001
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o Patches for 2.4.0 kernel
|
|
o Patches for 2.2.18 kernel
|
|
o Minor updates to PPP and CHLDC drivers.
|
|
Note: No functional difference.
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|
|
|
beta3-2.2.9 Jan 10 2001
|
|
o I missed the 2.2.18 kernel patches in beta2-2.2.0
|
|
release. They are included in this release.
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|
|
|
Stable Release
|
|
2.2.0 Feb 01 2001
|
|
o Bug fix in wancfg GUI configurator.
|
|
The edit function didn't work properly.
|
|
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|
|
bata1-2.2.1 Feb 09 2001
|
|
o WANPIPE TTY Driver emulation.
|
|
Two modes of operation Sync and Async.
|
|
Sync: Using the PPPD daemon, kernel SyncPPP layer
|
|
and the Wanpipe sync TTY driver: a PPP protocol
|
|
connection can be established via Sangoma adapter, over
|
|
a T1 leased line.
|
|
|
|
The 2.4.0 kernel PPP layer supports MULTILINK
|
|
protocol, that can be used to bundle any number of Sangoma
|
|
adapters (T1 lines) into one, under a single IP address.
|
|
Thus, efficiently obtaining multiple T1 throughput.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: The remote side must also implement MULTILINK PPP
|
|
protocol.
|
|
|
|
Async:Using the PPPD daemon, kernel AsyncPPP layer
|
|
and the WANPIPE async TTY driver: a PPP protocol
|
|
connection can be established via Sangoma adapter and
|
|
a modem, over a telephone line.
|
|
|
|
Thus, the WANPIPE async TTY driver simulates a serial
|
|
TTY driver that would normally be used to interface the
|
|
MODEM to the linux kernel.
|
|
|
|
o WANPIPE PPP Backup Utility
|
|
This utility will monitor the state of the PPP T1 line.
|
|
In case of failure, a dial up connection will be established
|
|
via pppd daemon, ether via a serial tty driver (serial port),
|
|
or a WANPIPE async TTY driver (in case serial port is unavailable).
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, while in dial up mode, the primary PPP T1 link
|
|
will be monitored for signs of life.
|
|
|
|
If the PPP T1 link comes back to life, the dial up connection
|
|
will be shutdown and T1 line re-established.
|
|
|
|
|
|
o New Setup installation script.
|
|
Option to UPGRADE device drivers if the kernel source has
|
|
already been patched with WANPIPE.
|
|
|
|
Option to COMPILE WANPIPE modules against the currently
|
|
running kernel, thus no need for manual kernel and module
|
|
re-compilation.
|
|
|
|
o Updates and Bug Fixes to wancfg utility.
|
|
|
|
bata2-2.2.1 Feb 20 2001
|
|
|
|
o Bug fixes to the CHDLC device drivers.
|
|
The driver had compilation problems under kernels
|
|
2.2.14 or lower.
|
|
|
|
o Bug fixes to the Setup installation script.
|
|
The device drivers compilation options didn't work
|
|
properly.
|
|
|
|
o Update to the wpbackupd daemon.
|
|
Optimized the cross-over times, between the primary
|
|
link and the backup dialup.
|
|
|
|
beta3-2.2.1 Mar 02 2001
|
|
o Patches for 2.4.2 kernel.
|
|
|
|
o Bug fixes to util/ make files.
|
|
o Bug fixes to the Setup installation script.
|
|
|
|
o Took out the backupd support and made it into
|
|
as separate package.
|
|
|
|
beta4-2.2.1 Mar 12 2001
|
|
|
|
o Fix to the Frame Relay Device driver.
|
|
IPSAC sends a packet of zero length
|
|
header to the frame relay driver. The
|
|
driver tries to push its own 2 byte header
|
|
into the packet, which causes the driver to
|
|
crash.
|
|
|
|
o Fix the WANPIPE re-configuration code.
|
|
Bug was found by trying to run the cfgft1 while the
|
|
interface was already running.
|
|
|
|
o Updates to cfgft1.
|
|
Writes a wanpipe#.cfgft1 configuration file
|
|
once the CSU/DSU is configured. This file can
|
|
holds the current CSU/DSU configuration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
>>>>>> END OF README <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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