Pull ARM64 EFI update from Peter Anvin:
"By agreement with the ARM64 EFI maintainers, we have agreed to make
-tip the upstream for all EFI patches. That is why this patchset
comes from me :)
This patchset enables EFI stub support for ARM64, like we already have
on x86"
* 'arm64-efi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
arm64: efi: only attempt efi map setup if booting via EFI
efi/arm64: ignore dtb= when UEFI SecureBoot is enabled
doc: arm64: add description of EFI stub support
arm64: efi: add EFI stub
doc: arm: add UEFI support documentation
arm64: add EFI runtime services
efi: Add shared FDT related functions for ARM/ARM64
arm64: Add function to create identity mappings
efi: add helper function to get UEFI params from FDT
doc: efi-stub.txt updates for ARM
lib: add fdt_empty_tree.c
Pull x86 EFI updates from Peter Anvin:
"A collection of EFI changes. The perhaps most important one is to
fully save and restore the FPU state around each invocation of EFI
runtime, and to not choke on non-ASCII characters in the boot stub"
* 'x86-efi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
efivars: Add compatibility code for compat tasks
efivars: Refactor sanity checking code into separate function
efivars: Stop passing a struct argument to efivar_validate()
efivars: Check size of user object
efivars: Use local variables instead of a pointer dereference
x86/efi: Save and restore FPU context around efi_calls (i386)
x86/efi: Save and restore FPU context around efi_calls (x86_64)
x86/efi: Implement a __efi_call_virt macro
x86, fpu: Extend the use of static_cpu_has_safe
x86/efi: Delete most of the efi_call* macros
efi: x86: Handle arbitrary Unicode characters
efi: Add get_dram_base() helper function
efi: Add shared printk wrapper for consistent prefixing
efi: create memory map iteration helper
efi: efi-stub-helper cleanup
Search for Broadcom specific ibft sign "BIFT"
along with other possible values on UEFI
This patch is fix for regression introduced in
“935a9fee51c945b8942be2d7b4bae069167b4886”.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/12/16/353
This impacts Broadcom CNA for iSCSI Boot on UEFI platform.
Signed-off-by: Vikas Chaudhary <vikas.chaudhary@qlogic.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Loading unauthenticated FDT blobs directly from storage is a security hazard,
so this should only be allowed when running with UEFI Secure Boot disabled.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
This patch adds PE/COFF header fields to the start of the kernel
Image so that it appears as an EFI application to UEFI firmware.
An EFI stub is included to allow direct booting of the kernel
Image.
Signed-off-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
[Add support in PE/COFF header for signed images]
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Both ARM and ARM64 stubs will update the device tree that they pass to
the kernel. In both cases they primarily need to add the same UEFI
related information, so the function can be shared. Create a new FDT
related file for this to avoid use of architecture #ifdefs in
efi-stub-helper.c.
Signed-off-by: Roy Franz <roy.franz@linaro.org>
[ Fixed memory node deletion code. ]
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
ARM and ARM64 architectures use the device tree to pass UEFI parameters
from stub to kernel. These parameters are things known to the stub but
not discoverable by the kernel after the stub calls ExitBootSerives().
There is a helper function in:
drivers/firmware/efi/fdt.c
which the stub uses to add the UEFI parameters to the device tree.
This patch adds a complimentary helper function which UEFI runtime
support may use to retrieve the parameters from the device tree.
If an architecture wants to use this helper, it should select
CONFIG_EFI_PARAMS_FROM_FDT.
Signed-off-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
It seems people are using 32-bit efibootmgr on top of 64-bit kernels,
which will currently fail horribly when using the efivars interface,
which is the traditional efibootmgr backend (the other being efivarfs).
Since there is no versioning info in the data structure, figure out when
we need to munge the structure data via judicious use of
is_compat_task().
Cc: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Move a large chunk of code that checks the validity of efi_variable into
a new function, because we'll also need to use it for the compat code.
Cc: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
In preparation for compat support, we can't assume that user variable
object is represented by a 'struct efi_variable'. Convert the validation
functions to take the variable name as an argument, which is the only
piece of the struct that was ever used anyway.
Cc: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Unbelieavably there are no checks to see whether the data structure
passed to 'new_var' and 'del_var' is the size that we expect. Let's add
some for better robustness.
Cc: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
In order to support a compat interface we need to stop passing pointers
to structures around, since the type of structure is going to depend on
whether the current task is a compat task.
Cc: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Instead of truncating UTF-16 assuming all characters is ASCII,
properly convert it to UTF-8.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
[ Bug and style fixes. ]
Signed-off-by: Roy Franz <roy.franz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Add the get_dram_base() function, shared by arm/arm64.
Signed-off-by: Roy Franz <roy.franz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Add a wrapper for printk to standardize the prefix for informational and
error messages from the EFI stub.
Signed-off-by: Roy Franz <roy.franz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
An #ifdef CONFIG_ARM clause in efi-stub-helper.c got included with some
of the generic stub rework by Roy Franz. Drop it here to make subsequent
patches less confusing.
Also, In handle_cmdline_files(), fh is not initialized, and while the
overall logic around this handling appears safe, gcc does not always
pick this up. Initialize to NULL to remove the resulting warning.
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Pull x86 fixes from Peter Anvin:
"This is a collection of minor fixes for x86, plus the IRET information
leak fix (forbid the use of 16-bit segments in 64-bit mode)"
NOTE! We may have to relax the "forbid the use of 16-bit segments in
64-bit mode" part, since there may be people who still run and depend on
16-bit Windows binaries under Wine.
But I'm taking this in the current unconditional form for now to see who
(if anybody) screams bloody murder. Maybe nobody cares. And maybe
we'll have to update it with some kind of runtime enablement (like our
vm.mmap_min_addr tunable that people who run dosemu/qemu/wine already
need to tweak).
* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86-64, modify_ldt: Ban 16-bit segments on 64-bit kernels
efi: Pass correct file handle to efi_file_{read,close}
x86/efi: Correct EFI boot stub use of code32_start
x86/efi: Fix boot failure with EFI stub
x86/platform/hyperv: Handle VMBUS driver being a module
x86/apic: Reinstate error IRQ Pentium erratum 3AP workaround
x86, CMCI: Add proper detection of end of CMCI storms
firmware was reading random values from the stack because we were
passing a pointer to the wrong object type.
* Kernel corruption has been reported when booting with the EFI boot
stub which was tracked down to setting a bogus value for
bp->hdr.code32_start, resulting in corruption during relocation.
* Olivier Martin reported that the wrong file handles were being passed
to efi_file_(read|close), which works for x86 by luck due to the way
that the FAT driver is implemented, but doesn't work on ARM.
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Merge tag 'efi-urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into x86/urgent
Pull EFI fixes from Matt Fleming:
"* Fix EFI boot regression introduced during the merge window where the
firmware was reading random values from the stack because we were
passing a pointer to the wrong object type.
* Kernel corruption has been reported when booting with the EFI boot
stub which was tracked down to setting a bogus value for
bp->hdr.code32_start, resulting in corruption during relocation.
* Olivier Martin reported that the wrong file handles were being passed
to efi_file_(read|close), which works for x86 by luck due to the way
that the FAT driver is implemented, but doesn't work on ARM."
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We're currently passing the file handle for the root file system to
efi_file_read() and efi_file_close(), instead of the file handle for the
file we wish to read/close.
While this has worked up until now, it seems that it has only been by
pure luck. Olivier explains,
"The issue is the UEFI Fat driver might return the same function for
'fh->read()' and 'h->read()'. While in our case it does not work with
a different implementation of EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL. In our
case, we return a different pointer when reading a directory and
reading a file."
Fixing this actually clears up the two functions because we can drop one
of the arguments, and instead only pass a file 'handle' argument.
Reported-by: Olivier Martin <olivier.martin@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Olivier Martin <olivier.martin@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Here's the big driver core / sysfs update for 3.15-rc1.
Lots of kernfs updates to make it useful for other subsystems, and a few
other tiny driver core patches.
All have been in linux-next for a while.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'driver-core-3.15-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core and sysfs updates from Greg KH:
"Here's the big driver core / sysfs update for 3.15-rc1.
Lots of kernfs updates to make it useful for other subsystems, and a
few other tiny driver core patches.
All have been in linux-next for a while"
* tag 'driver-core-3.15-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (42 commits)
Revert "sysfs, driver-core: remove unused {sysfs|device}_schedule_callback_owner()"
kernfs: cache atomic_write_len in kernfs_open_file
numa: fix NULL pointer access and memory leak in unregister_one_node()
Revert "driver core: synchronize device shutdown"
kernfs: fix off by one error.
kernfs: remove duplicate dir.c at the top dir
x86: align x86 arch with generic CPU modalias handling
cpu: add generic support for CPU feature based module autoloading
sysfs: create bin_attributes under the requested group
driver core: unexport static function create_syslog_header
firmware: use power efficient workqueue for unloading and aborting fw load
firmware: give a protection when map page failed
firmware: google memconsole driver fixes
firmware: fix google/gsmi duplicate efivars_sysfs_init()
drivers/base: delete non-required instances of include <linux/init.h>
kernfs: fix kernfs_node_from_dentry()
ACPI / platform: drop redundant ACPI_HANDLE check
kernfs: fix hash calculation in kernfs_rename_ns()
kernfs: add CONFIG_KERNFS
sysfs, kobject: add sysfs wrapper for kernfs_enable_ns()
...
Pull x86 LTO changes from Peter Anvin:
"More infrastructure work in preparation for link-time optimization
(LTO). Most of these changes is to make sure symbols accessed from
assembly code are properly marked as visible so the linker doesn't
remove them.
My understanding is that the changes to support LTO are still not
upstream in binutils, but are on the way there. This patchset should
conclude the x86-specific changes, and remaining patches to actually
enable LTO will be fed through the Kbuild tree (other than keeping up
with changes to the x86 code base, of course), although not
necessarily in this merge window"
* 'x86-asmlinkage-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (25 commits)
Kbuild, lto: Handle basic LTO in modpost
Kbuild, lto: Disable LTO for asm-offsets.c
Kbuild, lto: Add a gcc-ld script to let run gcc as ld
Kbuild, lto: add ld-version and ld-ifversion macros
Kbuild, lto: Drop .number postfixes in modpost
Kbuild, lto, workaround: Don't warn for initcall_reference in modpost
lto: Disable LTO for sys_ni
lto: Handle LTO common symbols in module loader
lto, workaround: Add workaround for initcall reordering
lto: Make asmlinkage __visible
x86, lto: Disable LTO for the x86 VDSO
initconst, x86: Fix initconst mistake in ts5500 code
initconst: Fix initconst mistake in dcdbas
asmlinkage: Make trace_hardirqs_on/off_caller visible
asmlinkage, x86: Fix 32bit memcpy for LTO
asmlinkage Make __stack_chk_failed and memcmp visible
asmlinkage: Mark rwsem functions that can be called from assembler asmlinkage
asmlinkage: Make main_extable_sort_needed visible
asmlinkage, mutex: Mark __visible
asmlinkage: Make trace_hardirq visible
...
The ARM EFI boot stub doesn't need to care about the efi_early
infrastructure that x86 requires in order to do mixed mode thunking. So
wrap everything up in an efi_call_early() macro.
This allows x86 to do the necessary indirection jumps to call whatever
firmware interface is necessary (native or mixed mode), but also allows
the ARM folks to mask the fact that they don't support relocation in the
boot stub and need to pass 'sys_table_arg' to every function.
[ hpa: there are no object code changes from this patch ]
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140326091011.GB2958@console-pimps.org
Cc: Roy Franz <roy.franz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
It's not possible to dereference the EFI System table directly when
booting a 64-bit kernel on a 32-bit EFI firmware because the size of
pointers don't match.
In preparation for supporting the above use case, build a list of
function pointers on boot so that callers don't have to worry about
converting pointer sizes through multiple levels of indirection.
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Fix following sparse warnings:
drivers/firmware/efi/efivars.c:230:66: warning:
Using plain integer as NULL pointer
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c:236:27: warning:
Using plain integer as NULL pointer
Signed-off-by: Daeseok Youn <daeseok.youn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
It makes more sense to set the feature flag in the success path of the
detection function than it does to rely on the caller doing it. Apart
from it being more logical to group the code and data together, it sets
a much better example for new EFI architectures.
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
The google memconsole driver is currently broken upstream, as it tries
to read memory that is described as reserved in /proc/iomem, by
dereferencing a pointer obtained through phys_to_virt(). This triggers
a kernel fault as such regions are unmapped after early boot.
The proper workaround is to use ioremap_cache() / iounmap() around such
accesses.
As some unrelated changes, I also converted some printks to use pr_info()
and added some missing __init annotations.
Tested: booted dbg build, verified I could read /sys/firmware/log
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Acked-by: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Starting in commit e14ab23dde,
efivars_sysfs_init() is called both by itself as an init function,
and by drivers/firmware/google/gsmi.c gsmi_init().
This results in runtime warnings such as the following:
[ 5.651330] WARNING: at fs/sysfs/dir.c:530 sysfs_add_one+0xbd/0xe0()
[ 5.657699] sysfs: cannot create duplicate filename '/firmware/gsmi/vars'
Fixing this by removing the redundant efivars_sysfs_init() call in
gsmi_init().
Tested: booted, checked that /firmware/gsmi/vars was still present and
showed the expected contents.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Acked-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The GOOGLE_SMI Kconfig symbol depends on DMI and selects EFI. This
causes problems on other archs when introducing DMI support that depends
on EFI, as it results in a recursive dependency:
arch/arm/Kconfig:1845:error: recursive dependency detected!
arch/arm/Kconfig:1845: symbol DMI depends on EFI
Fix by changing the 'select EFI' to a 'depends on EFI'.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- ACPI core changes to make it create a struct acpi_device object for every
device represented in the ACPI tables during all namespace scans regardless
of the current status of that device. In accordance with this, ACPI hotplug
operations will not delete those objects, unless the underlying ACPI tables
go away.
- On top of the above, new sysfs attribute for ACPI device objects allowing
user space to check device status by triggering the execution of _STA for
its ACPI object. From Srinivas Pandruvada.
- ACPI core hotplug changes reducing code duplication, integrating the
PCI root hotplug with the core and reworking container hotplug.
- ACPI core simplifications making it use ACPI_COMPANION() in the code
"glueing" ACPI device objects to "physical" devices.
- ACPICA update to upstream version 20131218. This adds support for the
DBG2 and PCCT tables to ACPICA, fixes some bugs and improves debug
facilities. From Bob Moore, Lv Zheng and Betty Dall.
- Init code change to carry out the early ACPI initialization earlier.
That should allow us to use ACPI during the timekeeping initialization
and possibly to simplify the EFI initialization too. From Chun-Yi Lee.
- Clenups of the inclusions of ACPI headers in many places all over from
Lv Zheng and Rashika Kheria (work in progress).
- New helper for ACPI _DSM execution and rework of the code in drivers
that uses _DSM to execute it via the new helper. From Jiang Liu.
- New Win8 OSI blacklist entries from Takashi Iwai.
- Assorted ACPI fixes and cleanups from Al Stone, Emil Goode, Hanjun Guo,
Lan Tianyu, Masanari Iida, Oliver Neukum, Prarit Bhargava, Rashika Kheria,
Tang Chen, Zhang Rui.
- intel_pstate driver updates, including proper Baytrail support, from
Dirk Brandewie and intel_pstate documentation from Ramkumar Ramachandra.
- Generic CPU boost ("turbo") support for cpufreq from Lukasz Majewski.
- powernow-k6 cpufreq driver fixes from Mikulas Patocka.
- cpufreq core fixes and cleanups from Viresh Kumar, Jane Li, Mark Brown.
- Assorted cpufreq drivers fixes and cleanups from Anson Huang, John Tobias,
Paul Bolle, Paul Walmsley, Sachin Kamat, Shawn Guo, Viresh Kumar.
- cpuidle cleanups from Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz.
- Support for hibernation APM events from Bin Shi.
- Hibernation fix to avoid bringing up nonboot CPUs with ACPI EC disabled
during thaw transitions from Bjørn Mork.
- PM core fixes and cleanups from Ben Dooks, Leonardo Potenza, Ulf Hansson.
- PNP subsystem fixes and cleanups from Dmitry Torokhov, Levente Kurusa,
Rashika Kheria.
- New tool for profiling system suspend from Todd E Brandt and a cpupower
tool cleanup from One Thousand Gnomes.
/
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Merge tag 'pm+acpi-3.14-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull ACPI and power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"As far as the number of commits goes, the top spot belongs to ACPI
this time with cpufreq in the second position and a handful of PM
core, PNP and cpuidle updates. They are fixes and cleanups mostly, as
usual, with a couple of new features in the mix.
The most visible change is probably that we will create struct
acpi_device objects (visible in sysfs) for all devices represented in
the ACPI tables regardless of their status and there will be a new
sysfs attribute under those objects allowing user space to check that
status via _STA.
Consequently, ACPI device eject or generally hot-removal will not
delete those objects, unless the table containing the corresponding
namespace nodes is unloaded, which is extremely rare. Also ACPI
container hotplug will be handled quite a bit differently and cpufreq
will support CPU boost ("turbo") generically and not only in the
acpi-cpufreq driver.
Specifics:
- ACPI core changes to make it create a struct acpi_device object for
every device represented in the ACPI tables during all namespace
scans regardless of the current status of that device. In
accordance with this, ACPI hotplug operations will not delete those
objects, unless the underlying ACPI tables go away.
- On top of the above, new sysfs attribute for ACPI device objects
allowing user space to check device status by triggering the
execution of _STA for its ACPI object. From Srinivas Pandruvada.
- ACPI core hotplug changes reducing code duplication, integrating
the PCI root hotplug with the core and reworking container hotplug.
- ACPI core simplifications making it use ACPI_COMPANION() in the
code "glueing" ACPI device objects to "physical" devices.
- ACPICA update to upstream version 20131218. This adds support for
the DBG2 and PCCT tables to ACPICA, fixes some bugs and improves
debug facilities. From Bob Moore, Lv Zheng and Betty Dall.
- Init code change to carry out the early ACPI initialization
earlier. That should allow us to use ACPI during the timekeeping
initialization and possibly to simplify the EFI initialization too.
From Chun-Yi Lee.
- Clenups of the inclusions of ACPI headers in many places all over
from Lv Zheng and Rashika Kheria (work in progress).
- New helper for ACPI _DSM execution and rework of the code in
drivers that uses _DSM to execute it via the new helper. From
Jiang Liu.
- New Win8 OSI blacklist entries from Takashi Iwai.
- Assorted ACPI fixes and cleanups from Al Stone, Emil Goode, Hanjun
Guo, Lan Tianyu, Masanari Iida, Oliver Neukum, Prarit Bhargava,
Rashika Kheria, Tang Chen, Zhang Rui.
- intel_pstate driver updates, including proper Baytrail support,
from Dirk Brandewie and intel_pstate documentation from Ramkumar
Ramachandra.
- Generic CPU boost ("turbo") support for cpufreq from Lukasz
Majewski.
- powernow-k6 cpufreq driver fixes from Mikulas Patocka.
- cpufreq core fixes and cleanups from Viresh Kumar, Jane Li, Mark
Brown.
- Assorted cpufreq drivers fixes and cleanups from Anson Huang, John
Tobias, Paul Bolle, Paul Walmsley, Sachin Kamat, Shawn Guo, Viresh
Kumar.
- cpuidle cleanups from Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz.
- Support for hibernation APM events from Bin Shi.
- Hibernation fix to avoid bringing up nonboot CPUs with ACPI EC
disabled during thaw transitions from Bjørn Mork.
- PM core fixes and cleanups from Ben Dooks, Leonardo Potenza, Ulf
Hansson.
- PNP subsystem fixes and cleanups from Dmitry Torokhov, Levente
Kurusa, Rashika Kheria.
- New tool for profiling system suspend from Todd E Brandt and a
cpupower tool cleanup from One Thousand Gnomes"
* tag 'pm+acpi-3.14-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (153 commits)
thermal: exynos: boost: Automatic enable/disable of BOOST feature (at Exynos4412)
cpufreq: exynos4x12: Change L0 driver data to CPUFREQ_BOOST_FREQ
Documentation: cpufreq / boost: Update BOOST documentation
cpufreq: exynos: Extend Exynos cpufreq driver to support boost
cpufreq / boost: Kconfig: Support for software-managed BOOST
acpi-cpufreq: Adjust the code to use the common boost attribute
cpufreq: Add boost frequency support in core
intel_pstate: Add trace point to report internal state.
cpufreq: introduce cpufreq_generic_get() routine
ARM: SA1100: Create dummy clk_get_rate() to avoid build failures
cpufreq: stats: create sysfs entries when cpufreq_stats is a module
cpufreq: stats: free table and remove sysfs entry in a single routine
cpufreq: stats: remove hotplug notifiers
cpufreq: stats: handle cpufreq_unregister_driver() and suspend/resume properly
cpufreq: speedstep: remove unused speedstep_get_state
platform: introduce OF style 'modalias' support for platform bus
PM / tools: new tool for suspend/resume performance optimization
ACPI: fix module autoloading for ACPI enumerated devices
ACPI: add module autoloading support for ACPI enumerated devices
ACPI: fix create_modalias() return value handling
...
This patch makes a couple of changes to the SMBIOS/DMI scanning
code so it can be used on other archs (such as ARM and arm64):
(a) wrap the calls to ioremap()/iounmap(), this allows the use of a
flavor of ioremap() more suitable for random unaligned access;
(b) allow the non-EFI fallback probe into hardcoded physical address
0xF0000 to be disabled.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Switch to memblock interfaces for early memory allocator instead of
bootmem allocator. No functional change in beahvior than what it is in
current code from bootmem users points of view.
Archs already converted to NO_BOOTMEM now directly use memblock
interfaces instead of bootmem wrappers build on top of memblock. And
the archs which still uses bootmem, these new apis just fallback to
exiting bootmem APIs.
Signed-off-by: Grygorii Strashko <grygorii.strashko@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul@pwsan.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Here's the big driver core and sysfs patch set for 3.14-rc1.
There's a lot of work here moving sysfs logic out into a "kernfs" to
allow other subsystems to also have a virtual filesystem with the same
attributes of sysfs (handle device disconnect, dynamic creation /
removal as needed / unneeded, etc. This is primarily being done for
the cgroups filesystem, but the goal is to also move debugfs to it when
it is ready, solving all of the known issues in that filesystem as well.
The code isn't completed yet, but all should be stable now (there is a
big section that was reverted due to problems found when testing.)
There's also some other smaller fixes, and a driver core addition that
allows for a "collection" of objects, that the DRM people will be using
soon (it's in this tree to make merges after -rc1 easier.)
All of this has been in linux-next with no reported issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'driver-core-3.14-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core / sysfs patches from Greg KH:
"Here's the big driver core and sysfs patch set for 3.14-rc1.
There's a lot of work here moving sysfs logic out into a "kernfs" to
allow other subsystems to also have a virtual filesystem with the same
attributes of sysfs (handle device disconnect, dynamic creation /
removal as needed / unneeded, etc)
This is primarily being done for the cgroups filesystem, but the goal
is to also move debugfs to it when it is ready, solving all of the
known issues in that filesystem as well. The code isn't completed
yet, but all should be stable now (there is a big section that was
reverted due to problems found when testing)
There's also some other smaller fixes, and a driver core addition that
allows for a "collection" of objects, that the DRM people will be
using soon (it's in this tree to make merges after -rc1 easier)
All of this has been in linux-next with no reported issues"
* tag 'driver-core-3.14-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (113 commits)
kernfs: associate a new kernfs_node with its parent on creation
kernfs: add struct dentry declaration in kernfs.h
kernfs: fix get_active failure handling in kernfs_seq_*()
Revert "kernfs: fix get_active failure handling in kernfs_seq_*()"
Revert "kernfs: replace kernfs_node->u.completion with kernfs_root->deactivate_waitq"
Revert "kernfs: remove KERNFS_ACTIVE_REF and add kernfs_lockdep()"
Revert "kernfs: remove KERNFS_REMOVED"
Revert "kernfs: restructure removal path to fix possible premature return"
Revert "kernfs: invoke kernfs_unmap_bin_file() directly from __kernfs_remove()"
Revert "kernfs: remove kernfs_addrm_cxt"
Revert "kernfs: make kernfs_get_active() block if the node is deactivated but not removed"
Revert "kernfs: implement kernfs_{de|re}activate[_self]()"
Revert "kernfs, sysfs, driver-core: implement kernfs_remove_self() and its wrappers"
Revert "pci: use device_remove_file_self() instead of device_schedule_callback()"
Revert "scsi: use device_remove_file_self() instead of device_schedule_callback()"
Revert "s390: use device_remove_file_self() instead of device_schedule_callback()"
Revert "sysfs, driver-core: remove unused {sysfs|device}_schedule_callback_owner()"
Revert "kernfs: remove unnecessary NULL check in __kernfs_remove()"
kernfs: remove unnecessary NULL check in __kernfs_remove()
drivers/base: provide an infrastructure for componentised subsystems
...
* acpi-cleanup: (22 commits)
ACPI / tables: Return proper error codes from acpi_table_parse() and fix comment.
ACPI / tables: Check if id is NULL in acpi_table_parse()
ACPI / proc: Include appropriate header file in proc.c
ACPI / EC: Remove unused functions and add prototype declaration in internal.h
ACPI / dock: Include appropriate header file in dock.c
ACPI / PCI: Include appropriate header file in pci_link.c
ACPI / PCI: Include appropriate header file in pci_slot.c
ACPI / EC: Mark the function acpi_ec_add_debugfs() as static in ec_sys.c
ACPI / NVS: Include appropriate header file in nvs.c
ACPI / OSL: Mark the function acpi_table_checksum() as static
ACPI / processor: initialize a variable to silence compiler warning
ACPI / processor: use ACPI_COMPANION() to get ACPI device
ACPI: correct minor typos
ACPI / sleep: Drop redundant acpi_disabled check
ACPI / dock: Drop redundant acpi_disabled check
ACPI / table: Replace '1' with specific error return values
ACPI: remove trailing whitespace
ACPI / IBFT: Fix incorrect <acpi/acpi.h> inclusion in iSCSI boot firmware module
ACPI / i915: Fix incorrect <acpi/acpi.h> inclusions via <linux/acpi_io.h>
SFI / ACPI: Fix warnings reported during builds with W=1
...
Conflicts:
drivers/acpi/nvs.c
drivers/hwmon/asus_atk0110.c
Pull x86 fixes from Peter Anvin:
"There is a small EFI fix and a big power regression fix in this batch.
My queue also had a fix for downing a CPU when there are insufficient
number of IRQ vectors available, but I'm holding that one for now due
to recent bug reports"
* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/efi: Don't select EFI from certain special ACPI drivers
x86 idle: Repair large-server 50-watt idle-power regression
kexec kernel will need exactly same mapping for EFI runtime memory
ranges. Thus here export the runtime ranges mapping to sysfs,
kexec-tools will assemble them and pass to 2nd kernel via setup_data.
Introducing a new directory /sys/firmware/efi/runtime-map just like
/sys/firmware/memmap. Containing below attribute in each file of that
directory:
attribute num_pages phys_addr type virt_addr
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Export fw_vendor, runtime and config table physical addresses to
/sys/firmware/efi/{fw_vendor,runtime,config_table} because kexec kernels
need them.
From EFI spec these 3 variables will be updated to virtual address after
entering virtual mode. But kernel startup code will need the physical
address.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Some pstore backing devices use on board flash as persistent
storage. These have limited numbers of write cycles so it
is a poor idea to use them from high frequency operations.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 7ea6c6c1 ("Move cper.c from drivers/acpi/apei to
drivers/firmware/efi") results in CONFIG_EFI being enabled even
when the user doesn't want this. Since ACPI APEI used to build
fine without UEFI (and as far as I know also has no functional
depency on it), at least in that case using a reverse dependency
is wrong (and a straight one isn't needed).
Whether the same is true for ACPI_EXTLOG I don't know - if there
is a functional dependency, it should depend on EFI rather than
selecting it. It certainly has (currently) no build dependency.
Adjust Kconfig and build logic so that the bad dependency gets
avoided.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/52AF1EBC020000780010DBF9@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
a8b1474442 ("sysfs: give different locking key to regular and bin
files") in driver-core-linus modifies sysfs_open_file() so that it
gives out different locking classes to sysfs_open_files depending on
whether the file is bin or not. Due to the massive kernfs
reorganization in driver-core-next, this naturally causes merge
conflict in fs/sysfs/file.c.
Due to the way things are split between kernfs and sysfs in
driver-core-next, the same fix can't easily be applied to
driver-core-next. This merge simply ignores the offending commit. A
following patch will implement a separate fix for the issue.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
With CONFIG_DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE=y, removing and immediately reloading the
dmi-sysfs module causes the following warning:
sysfs: cannot create duplicate filename '/firmware/dmi'
kobject_add_internal failed for dmi with -EEXIST, don't try to register things with the same name in the same directory.
The "dmi" directory stays in sysfs until the dmi_kobj is released, and
DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE delays that.
I don't think we can hit this problem in normal usage because dmi_kobj is
static and nothing outside dmi-sysfs can get a reference to it, so the
only way to delay the "dmi" release is with DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Removing the dmi-sysfs module causes the following warning:
# modprobe -r dmi_sysfs
WARNING: CPU: 11 PID: 6785 at fs/sysfs/inode.c:325 sysfs_hash_and_remove+0xa9/0xb0()
sysfs: can not remove 'raw', no directory
This is because putting the entry kobject, e.g., for
"/sys/firmware/dmi/entries/19-0", removes the directory and all its
contents. By the time dmi_sysfs_entry_release() runs, the "raw" file
inside ".../19-0/" has already been removed.
Therefore, we don't need to remove the "raw" bin file at all in
dmi_sysfs_entry_release().
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
To avoid build problems and breaking dependencies between ACPI header
files, <acpi/acpi.h> should not be included directly by code outside
of the ACPI core subsystem, but this is done by the ACPI iSCSI
Boot Firmware code.
The iBFT specification doesn't mention whether or not it can appear
on a non-ACPI platform, but is says that ACPI 3.0b defines the
mechanism. The current CONFIG_ISCSI_IBFT_FIND code doesn't use the
ACPI tables API to locate the table, so it doesn't rely on CONFIG_ACPI
directly.
However, since iBFT is is an ACPI-based mechanism (please refer to
the documentation link below for more information), it should be
correct to make CONFIG_ISCSI_IBFT_FIND depend on CONFIG_ACPI (even
though the table location can be implemented without using ACPI
tables API).
After that change, include/linux/iscsi_ibft.h can be modified to
include <linux/acpi.h> instead of <acpi/acpi.h> as appropriate.
References: http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/platform/firmware/ibft.mspx
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
[rjw: Subject and changelog]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Pstore fs expects that backends provide a unique id which could avoid
pstore making entries as duplication or denominating entries the same
name. So I combine the timestamp, part and count into id.
Signed-off-by: Madper Xie <cxie@redhat.com>
Cc: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Currently, when mounting pstore file system, a read callback of
efi_pstore driver runs mutiple times as below.
- In the first read callback, scan efivar_sysfs_list from head and pass
a kmsg buffer of a entry to an upper pstore layer.
- In the second read callback, rescan efivar_sysfs_list from the entry
and pass another kmsg buffer to it.
- Repeat the scan and pass until the end of efivar_sysfs_list.
In this process, an entry is read across the multiple read function
calls. To avoid race between the read and erasion, the whole process
above is protected by a spinlock, holding in open() and releasing in
close().
At the same time, kmemdup() is called to pass the buffer to pstore
filesystem during it. And then, it causes a following lockdep warning.
To make the dynamic memory allocation runnable without taking spinlock,
holding off a deletion of sysfs entry if it happens while scanning it
via efi_pstore, and deleting it after the scan is completed.
To implement it, this patch introduces two flags, scanning and deleting,
to efivar_entry.
On the code basis, it seems that all the scanning and deleting logic is
not needed because __efivars->lock are not dropped when reading from the
EFI variable store.
But, the scanning and deleting logic is still needed because an
efi-pstore and a pstore filesystem works as follows.
In case an entry(A) is found, the pointer is saved to psi->data. And
efi_pstore_read() passes the entry(A) to a pstore filesystem by
releasing __efivars->lock.
And then, the pstore filesystem calls efi_pstore_read() again and the
same entry(A), which is saved to psi->data, is used for resuming to scan
a sysfs-list.
So, to protect the entry(A), the logic is needed.
[ 1.143710] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 1.144058] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1 at kernel/lockdep.c:2740 lockdep_trace_alloc+0x104/0x110()
[ 1.144058] DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(irqs_disabled_flags(flags))
[ 1.144058] Modules linked in:
[ 1.144058] CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: systemd Not tainted 3.11.0-rc5 #2
[ 1.144058] 0000000000000009 ffff8800797e9ae0 ffffffff816614a5 ffff8800797e9b28
[ 1.144058] ffff8800797e9b18 ffffffff8105510d 0000000000000080 0000000000000046
[ 1.144058] 00000000000000d0 00000000000003af ffffffff81ccd0c0 ffff8800797e9b78
[ 1.144058] Call Trace:
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff816614a5>] dump_stack+0x54/0x74
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff8105510d>] warn_slowpath_common+0x7d/0xa0
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff8105517c>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x4c/0x50
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff8131290f>] ? vsscanf+0x57f/0x7b0
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff810bbd74>] lockdep_trace_alloc+0x104/0x110
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff81192da0>] __kmalloc_track_caller+0x50/0x280
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff815147bb>] ? efi_pstore_read_func.part.1+0x12b/0x170
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff8115b260>] kmemdup+0x20/0x50
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff815147bb>] efi_pstore_read_func.part.1+0x12b/0x170
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff81514800>] ? efi_pstore_read_func.part.1+0x170/0x170
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff815148b4>] efi_pstore_read_func+0xb4/0xe0
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff81512b7b>] __efivar_entry_iter+0xfb/0x120
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff8151428f>] efi_pstore_read+0x3f/0x50
[ 1.144058] [<ffffffff8128d7ba>] pstore_get_records+0x9a/0x150
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff812af25c>] ? selinux_d_instantiate+0x1c/0x20
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff8128ce30>] ? parse_options+0x80/0x80
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff8128ced5>] pstore_fill_super+0xa5/0xc0
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff811ae7d2>] mount_single+0xa2/0xd0
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff8128ccf8>] pstore_mount+0x18/0x20
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff811ae8b9>] mount_fs+0x39/0x1b0
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff81160550>] ? __alloc_percpu+0x10/0x20
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff811c9493>] vfs_kern_mount+0x63/0xf0
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff811cbb0e>] do_mount+0x23e/0xa20
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff8115b51b>] ? strndup_user+0x4b/0xf0
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff811cc373>] SyS_mount+0x83/0xc0
[ 1.158207] [<ffffffff81673cc2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[ 1.158207] ---[ end trace 61981bc62de9f6f4 ]---
Signed-off-by: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com>
Tested-by: Madper Xie <cxie@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Pull DMA mask updates from Russell King:
"This series cleans up the handling of DMA masks in a lot of drivers,
fixing some bugs as we go.
Some of the more serious errors include:
- drivers which only set their coherent DMA mask if the attempt to
set the streaming mask fails.
- drivers which test for a NULL dma mask pointer, and then set the
dma mask pointer to a location in their module .data section -
which will cause problems if the module is reloaded.
To counter these, I have introduced two helper functions:
- dma_set_mask_and_coherent() takes care of setting both the
streaming and coherent masks at the same time, with the correct
error handling as specified by the API.
- dma_coerce_mask_and_coherent() which resolves the problem of
drivers forcefully setting DMA masks. This is more a marker for
future work to further clean these locations up - the code which
creates the devices really should be initialising these, but to fix
that in one go along with this change could potentially be very
disruptive.
The last thing this series does is prise away some of Linux's addition
to "DMA addresses are physical addresses and RAM always starts at
zero". We have ARM LPAE systems where all system memory is above 4GB
physical, hence having DMA masks interpreted by (eg) the block layers
as describing physical addresses in the range 0..DMAMASK fails on
these platforms. Santosh Shilimkar addresses this in this series; the
patches were copied to the appropriate people multiple times but were
ignored.
Fixing this also gets rid of some ARM weirdness in the setup of the
max*pfn variables, and brings ARM into line with every other Linux
architecture as far as those go"
* 'for-linus-dma-masks' of git://git.linaro.org/people/rmk/linux-arm: (52 commits)
ARM: 7805/1: mm: change max*pfn to include the physical offset of memory
ARM: 7797/1: mmc: Use dma_max_pfn(dev) helper for bounce_limit calculations
ARM: 7796/1: scsi: Use dma_max_pfn(dev) helper for bounce_limit calculations
ARM: 7795/1: mm: dma-mapping: Add dma_max_pfn(dev) helper function
ARM: 7794/1: block: Rename parameter dma_mask to max_addr for blk_queue_bounce_limit()
ARM: DMA-API: better handing of DMA masks for coherent allocations
ARM: 7857/1: dma: imx-sdma: setup dma mask
DMA-API: firmware/google/gsmi.c: avoid direct access to DMA masks
DMA-API: dcdbas: update DMA mask handing
DMA-API: dma: edma.c: no need to explicitly initialize DMA masks
DMA-API: usb: musb: use platform_device_register_full() to avoid directly messing with dma masks
DMA-API: crypto: remove last references to 'static struct device *dev'
DMA-API: crypto: fix ixp4xx crypto platform device support
DMA-API: others: use dma_set_coherent_mask()
DMA-API: staging: use dma_set_coherent_mask()
DMA-API: usb: use new dma_coerce_mask_and_coherent()
DMA-API: usb: use dma_set_coherent_mask()
DMA-API: parport: parport_pc.c: use dma_coerce_mask_and_coherent()
DMA-API: net: octeon: use dma_coerce_mask_and_coherent()
DMA-API: net: nxp/lpc_eth: use dma_coerce_mask_and_coherent()
...
Pull x86 RAS changes from Ingo Molnar:
"The biggest change adds support for Intel 'CPER' (UEFI Common Platform
Error Record) error logging, which builds upon an enhanced error
logging mechanism available on Xeon processors.
Full description is here:
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/enhanced-mca-logging-xeon-paper.html
This change provides a module (and support code) to check for an
extended error log and prints extra details about the error on the
console"
* 'x86-mce-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
ACPI, x86: Fix extended error log driver to depend on CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
dmi: Avoid unaligned memory access in save_mem_devices()
Move cper.c from drivers/acpi/apei to drivers/firmware/efi
EDAC, GHES: Update ghes error record info
ACPI, APEI, CPER: Cleanup CPER memory error output format
ACPI, APEI, CPER: Enhance memory reporting capability
ACPI, APEI, CPER: Add UEFI 2.4 support for memory error
DMI: Parse memory device (type 17) in SMBIOS
ACPI, x86: Extended error log driver for x86 platform
bitops: Introduce a more generic BITMASK macro
ACPI, CPER: Update cper info
ACPI, APEI, CPER: Fix status check during error printing
Linus Torvalds