Commit e986850598 ("mm, vmscan: only evict file pages when we have
plenty") makes a point of not going for anonymous memory while there is
still enough inactive cache around.
The check was added only for global reclaim, but it is just as useful to
reduce swapping in memory cgroup reclaim:
200M-memcg-defconfig-j2
vanilla patched
Real time 454.06 ( +0.00%) 453.71 ( -0.08%)
User time 668.57 ( +0.00%) 668.73 ( +0.02%)
System time 128.92 ( +0.00%) 129.53 ( +0.46%)
Swap in 1246.80 ( +0.00%) 814.40 ( -34.65%)
Swap out 1198.90 ( +0.00%) 827.00 ( -30.99%)
Pages allocated 16431288.10 ( +0.00%) 16434035.30 ( +0.02%)
Major faults 681.50 ( +0.00%) 593.70 ( -12.86%)
THP faults 237.20 ( +0.00%) 242.40 ( +2.18%)
THP collapse 241.20 ( +0.00%) 248.50 ( +3.01%)
THP splits 157.30 ( +0.00%) 161.40 ( +2.59%)
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Satoru Moriya <satoru.moriya@hds.com>
Cc: Simon Jeons <simon.jeons@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As per documentation and other places calling putback_lru_pages(),
putback_lru_pages() is called on error only. Make the CMA code behave
consistently.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove a test-n-branch in the wrapup code]
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Allocating a file structure in function get_empty_filp() might fail because
of several reasons:
- not enough memory for file structures
- operation is not allowed
- user is over its limit
Currently the function returns NULL in all cases and we loose the exact
reason of the error. All callers of get_empty_filp() assume that the function
can fail with ENFILE only.
Return error through pointer. Change all callers to preserve this error code.
[AV: cleaned up a bit, carved the get_empty_filp() part out into a separate commit
(things remaining here deal with alloc_file()), removed pipe(2) behaviour change]
Signed-off-by: Anatol Pomozov <anatol.pomozov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pull x86 mm changes from Peter Anvin:
"This is a huge set of several partly interrelated (and concurrently
developed) changes, which is why the branch history is messier than
one would like.
The *really* big items are two humonguous patchsets mostly developed
by Yinghai Lu at my request, which completely revamps the way we
create initial page tables. In particular, rather than estimating how
much memory we will need for page tables and then build them into that
memory -- a calculation that has shown to be incredibly fragile -- we
now build them (on 64 bits) with the aid of a "pseudo-linear mode" --
a #PF handler which creates temporary page tables on demand.
This has several advantages:
1. It makes it much easier to support things that need access to data
very early (a followon patchset uses this to load microcode way
early in the kernel startup).
2. It allows the kernel and all the kernel data objects to be invoked
from above the 4 GB limit. This allows kdump to work on very large
systems.
3. It greatly reduces the difference between Xen and native (Xen's
equivalent of the #PF handler are the temporary page tables created
by the domain builder), eliminating a bunch of fragile hooks.
The patch series also gets us a bit closer to W^X.
Additional work in this pull is the 64-bit get_user() work which you
were also involved with, and a bunch of cleanups/speedups to
__phys_addr()/__pa()."
* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (105 commits)
x86, mm: Move reserving low memory later in initialization
x86, doc: Clarify the use of asm("%edx") in uaccess.h
x86, mm: Redesign get_user with a __builtin_choose_expr hack
x86: Be consistent with data size in getuser.S
x86, mm: Use a bitfield to mask nuisance get_user() warnings
x86/kvm: Fix compile warning in kvm_register_steal_time()
x86-32: Add support for 64bit get_user()
x86-32, mm: Remove reference to alloc_remap()
x86-32, mm: Remove reference to resume_map_numa_kva()
x86-32, mm: Rip out x86_32 NUMA remapping code
x86/numa: Use __pa_nodebug() instead
x86: Don't panic if can not alloc buffer for swiotlb
mm: Add alloc_bootmem_low_pages_nopanic()
x86, 64bit, mm: hibernate use generic mapping_init
x86, 64bit, mm: Mark data/bss/brk to nx
x86: Merge early kernel reserve for 32bit and 64bit
x86: Add Crash kernel low reservation
x86, kdump: Remove crashkernel range find limit for 64bit
memblock: Add memblock_mem_size()
x86, boot: Not need to check setup_header version for setup_data
...
Pull s390 update from Martin Schwidefsky:
"The most prominent change in this patch set is the software dirty bit
patch for s390. It removes __HAVE_ARCH_PAGE_TEST_AND_CLEAR_DIRTY and
the page_test_and_clear_dirty primitive which makes the common memory
management code a bit less obscure.
Heiko fixed most of the PCI related fallout, more often than not
missing GENERIC_HARDIRQS dependencies. Notable is one of the 3270
patches which adds an export to tty_io to be able to resize a tty.
The rest is the usual bunch of cleanups and bug fixes."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (42 commits)
s390/module: Add missing R_390_NONE relocation type
drivers/gpio: add missing GENERIC_HARDIRQ dependency
drivers/input: add couple of missing GENERIC_HARDIRQS dependencies
s390/cleanup: rename SPP to LPP
s390/mm: implement software dirty bits
s390/mm: Fix crst upgrade of mmap with MAP_FIXED
s390/linker skript: discard exit.data at runtime
drivers/media: add missing GENERIC_HARDIRQS dependency
s390/bpf,jit: add vlan tag support
drivers/net,AT91RM9200: add missing GENERIC_HARDIRQS dependency
iucv: fix kernel panic at reboot
s390/Kconfig: sort list of arch selected config options
phylib: remove !S390 dependeny from Kconfig
uio: remove !S390 dependency from Kconfig
dasd: fix sysfs cleanup in dasd_generic_remove
s390/pci: fix hotplug module init
s390/pci: cleanup clp page allocation
s390/pci: cleanup clp inline assembly
s390/perf: cpum_cf: fallback to software sampling events
s390/mm: provide PAGE_SHARED define
...
Merge misc patches from Andrew Morton:
- Florian has vanished so I appear to have become fbdev maintainer
again :(
- Joel and Mark are distracted to welcome to the new OCFS2 maintainer
- The backlight queue
- Small core kernel changes
- lib/ updates
- The rtc queue
- Various random bits
* akpm: (164 commits)
rtc: rtc-davinci: use devm_*() functions
rtc: rtc-max8997: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
rtc: rtc-max8907: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
rtc: rtc-da9052: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
rtc: rtc-wm831x: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
rtc: rtc-tps80031: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
rtc: rtc-lp8788: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
rtc: rtc-coh901331: use devm_clk_get()
rtc: rtc-vt8500: use devm_*() functions
rtc: rtc-tps6586x: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
rtc: rtc-imxdi: use devm_clk_get()
rtc: rtc-cmos: use dev_warn()/dev_dbg() instead of printk()/pr_debug()
rtc: rtc-pcf8583: use dev_warn() instead of printk()
rtc: rtc-sun4v: use pr_warn() instead of printk()
rtc: rtc-vr41xx: use dev_info() instead of printk()
rtc: rtc-rs5c313: use pr_err() instead of printk()
rtc: rtc-at91rm9200: use dev_dbg()/dev_err() instead of printk()/pr_debug()
rtc: rtc-rs5c372: use dev_dbg()/dev_warn() instead of printk()/pr_debug()
rtc: rtc-ds2404: use dev_err() instead of printk()
rtc: rtc-efi: use dev_err()/dev_warn()/pr_err() instead of printk()
...
This provides a band-aid to provide stable page writes on jbd without
needing to backport the fixed locking and page writeback bit handling
schemes of jbd2. The band-aid works by using bounce buffers to snapshot
page contents instead of waiting.
For those wondering about the ext3 bandage -- fixing the jbd locking
(which was done as part of ext4dev years ago) is a lot of surgery, and
setting PG_writeback on data pages when we actually hold the page lock
dropped ext3 performance by nearly an order of magnitude. If we're
going to migrate iscsi and raid to use stable page writes, the
complaints about high latency will likely return. We might as well
centralize their page snapshotting thing to one place.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: Ron Minnich <rminnich@sandia.gov>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Create a helper function to check if a backing device requires stable
page writes and, if so, performs the necessary wait. Then, make it so
that all points in the memory manager that handle making pages writable
use the helper function. This should provide stable page write support
to most filesystems, while eliminating unnecessary waiting for devices
that don't require the feature.
Before this patchset, all filesystems would block, regardless of whether
or not it was necessary. ext3 would wait, but still generate occasional
checksum errors. The network filesystems were left to do their own
thing, so they'd wait too.
After this patchset, all the disk filesystems except ext3 and btrfs will
wait only if the hardware requires it. ext3 (if necessary) snapshots
pages instead of blocking, and btrfs provides its own bdi so the mm will
never wait. Network filesystems haven't been touched, so either they
provide their own stable page guarantees or they don't block at all.
The blocking behavior is back to what it was before 3.0 if you don't
have a disk requiring stable page writes.
Here's the result of using dbench to test latency on ext2:
3.8.0-rc3:
Operation Count AvgLat MaxLat
----------------------------------------
WriteX 109347 0.028 59.817
ReadX 347180 0.004 3.391
Flush 15514 29.828 287.283
Throughput 57.429 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=287.290 ms
3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
WriteX 105556 0.029 4.273
ReadX 335004 0.005 4.112
Flush 14982 30.540 298.634
Throughput 55.4496 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=298.650 ms
As you can see, the maximum write latency drops considerably with this
patch enabled. The other filesystems (ext3/ext4/xfs/btrfs) behave
similarly, but see the cover letter for those results.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: Ron Minnich <rminnich@sandia.gov>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset ("stable page writes, part 2") makes some key
modifications to the original 'stable page writes' patchset. First, it
provides creators (devices and filesystems) of a backing_dev_info a flag
that declares whether or not it is necessary to ensure that page
contents cannot change during writeout. It is no longer assumed that
this is true of all devices (which was never true anyway). Second, the
flag is used to relaxed the wait_on_page_writeback calls so that wait
only occurs if the device needs it. Third, it fixes up the remaining
disk-backed filesystems to use this improved conditional-wait logic to
provide stable page writes on those filesystems.
It is hoped that (for people not using checksumming devices, anyway)
this patchset will give back unnecessary performance decreases since the
original stable page write patchset went into 3.0. Sorry about not
fixing it sooner.
Complaints were registered by several people about the long write
latencies introduced by the original stable page write patchset.
Generally speaking, the kernel ought to allocate as little extra memory
as possible to facilitate writeout, but for people who simply cannot
wait, a second page stability strategy is (re)introduced: snapshotting
page contents. The waiting behavior is still the default strategy; to
enable page snapshotting, a superblock flag (MS_SNAP_STABLE) must be
set. This flag is used to bandaid^Henable stable page writeback on
ext3[1], and is not used anywhere else.
Given that there are already a few storage devices and network FSes that
have rolled their own page stability wait/page snapshot code, it would
be nice to move towards consolidating all of these. It seems possible
that iscsi and raid5 may wish to use the new stable page write support
to enable zero-copy writeout.
Thank you to Jan Kara for helping fix a couple more filesystems.
Per Andrew Morton's request, here are the result of using dbench to measure
latencies on ext2:
3.8.0-rc3:
Operation Count AvgLat MaxLat
----------------------------------------
WriteX 109347 0.028 59.817
ReadX 347180 0.004 3.391
Flush 15514 29.828 287.283
Throughput 57.429 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=287.290 ms
3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
WriteX 105556 0.029 4.273
ReadX 335004 0.005 4.112
Flush 14982 30.540 298.634
Throughput 55.4496 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=298.650 ms
As you can see, for ext2 the maximum write latency decreases from ~60ms
on a laptop hard disk to ~4ms. I'm not sure why the flush latencies
increase, though I suspect that being able to dirty pages faster gives
the flusher more work to do.
On ext4, the average write latency decreases as well as all the maximum
latencies:
3.8.0-rc3:
WriteX 85624 0.152 33.078
ReadX 272090 0.010 61.210
Flush 12129 36.219 168.260
Throughput 44.8618 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=168.276 ms
3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
WriteX 86082 0.141 30.928
ReadX 273358 0.010 36.124
Flush 12214 34.800 165.689
Throughput 44.9941 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=165.722 ms
XFS seems to exhibit similar latency improvements as ext2:
3.8.0-rc3:
WriteX 125739 0.028 104.343
ReadX 399070 0.005 4.115
Flush 17851 25.004 131.390
Throughput 66.0024 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=131.406 ms
3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
WriteX 123529 0.028 6.299
ReadX 392434 0.005 4.287
Flush 17549 25.120 188.687
Throughput 64.9113 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=188.704 ms
...and btrfs, just to round things out, also shows some latency
decreases:
3.8.0-rc3:
WriteX 67122 0.083 82.355
ReadX 212719 0.005 2.828
Flush 9547 47.561 147.418
Throughput 35.3391 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=147.433 ms
3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
WriteX 64898 0.101 71.631
ReadX 206673 0.005 7.123
Flush 9190 47.963 219.034
Throughput 34.0795 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=219.044 ms
Before this patchset, all filesystems would block, regardless of whether
or not it was necessary. ext3 would wait, but still generate occasional
checksum errors. The network filesystems were left to do their own
thing, so they'd wait too.
After this patchset, all the disk filesystems except ext3 and btrfs will
wait only if the hardware requires it. ext3 (if necessary) snapshots
pages instead of blocking, and btrfs provides its own bdi so the mm will
never wait. Network filesystems haven't been touched, so either they
provide their own wait code, or they don't block at all. The blocking
behavior is back to what it was before 3.0 if you don't have a disk
requiring stable page writes.
This patchset has been tested on 3.8.0-rc3 on x64 with ext3, ext4, and
xfs. I've spot-checked 3.8.0-rc4 and seem to be getting the same
results as -rc3.
[1] The alternative fixes to ext3 include fixing the locking order and
page bit handling like we did for ext4 (but then why not just use
ext4?), or setting PG_writeback so early that ext3 becomes extremely
slow. I tried that, but the number of write()s I could initiate dropped
by nearly an order of magnitude. That was a bit much even for the
author of the stable page series! :)
This patch:
Creates a per-backing-device flag that tracks whether or not pages must
be held immutable during writeout. Eventually it will be used to waive
wait_for_page_writeback() if nothing requires stable pages.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: Ron Minnich <rminnich@sandia.gov>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Here is the big driver core merge for 3.9-rc1
There are two major series here, both of which touch lots of drivers all
over the kernel, and will cause you some merge conflicts:
- add a new function called devm_ioremap_resource() to properly be
able to check return values.
- remove CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL
If you need me to provide a merged tree to handle these resolutions,
please let me know.
Other than those patches, there's not much here, some minor fixes and
updates.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'driver-core-3.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core patches from Greg Kroah-Hartman:
"Here is the big driver core merge for 3.9-rc1
There are two major series here, both of which touch lots of drivers
all over the kernel, and will cause you some merge conflicts:
- add a new function called devm_ioremap_resource() to properly be
able to check return values.
- remove CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL
Other than those patches, there's not much here, some minor fixes and
updates"
Fix up trivial conflicts
* tag 'driver-core-3.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (221 commits)
base: memory: fix soft/hard_offline_page permissions
drivercore: Fix ordering between deferred_probe and exiting initcalls
backlight: fix class_find_device() arguments
TTY: mark tty_get_device call with the proper const values
driver-core: constify data for class_find_device()
firmware: Ignore abort check when no user-helper is used
firmware: Reduce ifdef CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER
firmware: Make user-mode helper optional
firmware: Refactoring for splitting user-mode helper code
Driver core: treat unregistered bus_types as having no devices
watchdog: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
thermal: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
spi: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
power: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
mtd: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
mmc: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
mfd: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
media: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
iommu: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
drm: Convert to devm_ioremap_resource()
...
Pull fuse updates from Miklos Szeredi:
"The biggest part of this pull request is a patch series from Maxim
Patlasov to optimize scatter-gather direct IO. There's also the
addition of a "readdirplus" API, poll events and various fixes and
cleanups.
There's a one line change outside of fuse to mm/filemap.c which makes
the argument of iov_iter_single_seg_count() const, required by Maxim's
patches."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/fuse: (22 commits)
fuse: allow control of adaptive readdirplus use
Synchronize fuse header with one used in library
fuse: send poll events
fuse: don't WARN when nlink is zero
fuse: avoid out-of-scope stack access
fuse: bump version for READDIRPLUS
FUSE: Adapt readdirplus to application usage patterns
Do not use RCU for current process credentials
fuse: cleanup fuse_direct_io()
fuse: optimize __fuse_direct_io()
fuse: optimize fuse_get_user_pages()
fuse: pass iov[] to fuse_get_user_pages()
mm: minor cleanup of iov_iter_single_seg_count()
fuse: use req->page_descs[] for argpages cases
fuse: add per-page descriptor <offset, length> to fuse_req
fuse: rework fuse_do_ioctl()
fuse: rework fuse_perform_write()
fuse: rework fuse_readpages()
fuse: rework fuse_retrieve()
fuse: categorize fuse_get_req()
...
Pull scheduler changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Main changes:
- scheduler side full-dynticks (user-space execution is undisturbed
and receives no timer IRQs) preparation changes that convert the
cputime accounting code to be full-dynticks ready, from Frederic
Weisbecker.
- Initial sched.h split-up changes, by Clark Williams
- select_idle_sibling() performance improvement by Mike Galbraith:
" 1 tbench pair (worst case) in a 10 core + SMT package:
pre 15.22 MB/sec 1 procs
post 252.01 MB/sec 1 procs "
- sched_rr_get_interval() ABI fix/change. We think this detail is not
used by apps (so it's not an ABI in practice), but lets keep it
under observation.
- misc RT scheduling cleanups, optimizations"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (24 commits)
sched/rt: Add <linux/sched/rt.h> header to <linux/init_task.h>
cputime: Remove irqsave from seqlock readers
sched, powerpc: Fix sched.h split-up build failure
cputime: Restore CPU_ACCOUNTING config defaults for PPC64
sched/rt: Move rt specific bits into new header file
sched/rt: Add a tuning knob to allow changing SCHED_RR timeslice
sched: Move sched.h sysctl bits into separate header
sched: Fix signedness bug in yield_to()
sched: Fix select_idle_sibling() bouncing cow syndrome
sched/rt: Further simplify pick_rt_task()
sched/rt: Do not account zero delta_exec in update_curr_rt()
cputime: Safely read cputime of full dynticks CPUs
kvm: Prepare to add generic guest entry/exit callbacks
cputime: Use accessors to read task cputime stats
cputime: Allow dynamic switch between tick/virtual based cputime accounting
cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime accounting
cputime: Move default nsecs_to_cputime() to jiffies based cputime file
cputime: Librarize per nsecs resolution cputime definitions
cputime: Avoid multiplication overflow on utime scaling
context_tracking: Export context state for generic vtime
...
Fix up conflict in kernel/context_tracking.c due to comment additions.
Commit c060f943d0 ("mm: use aligned zone start for pfn_to_bitidx
calculation") fixed out calculation of the index into the pageblock
bitmap when a !SPARSEMEM zome was not aligned to pageblock_nr_pages.
However, the _allocation_ of that bitmap had never taken this alignment
requirement into accout, so depending on the exact size and alignment of
the zone, the use of that index could then access past the allocation,
resulting in some very subtle memory corruption.
This was reported (and bisected) by Ingo Molnar: one of his random
config builds would hang with certain very specific kernel command line
options.
In the meantime, commit c060f943d0 has been marked for stable, so this
fix needs to be back-ported to the stable kernels that backported the
commit to use the right alignment.
Bisected-and-tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The s390 architecture is unique in respect to dirty page detection,
it uses the change bit in the per-page storage key to track page
modifications. All other architectures track dirty bits by means
of page table entries. This property of s390 has caused numerous
problems in the past, e.g. see git commit ef5d437f71
"mm: fix XFS oops due to dirty pages without buffers on s390".
To avoid future issues in regard to per-page dirty bits convert
s390 to a fault based software dirty bit detection mechanism. All
user page table entries which are marked as clean will be hardware
read-only, even if the pte is supposed to be writable. A write by
the user process will trigger a protection fault which will cause
the user pte to be marked as dirty and the hardware read-only bit
is removed.
With this change the dirty bit in the storage key is irrelevant
for Linux as a host, but the storage key is still required for
KVM guests. The effect is that page_test_and_clear_dirty and the
related code can be removed. The referenced bit in the storage
key is still used by the page_test_and_clear_young primitive to
provide page age information.
For page cache pages of mappings with mapping_cap_account_dirty
there will not be any change in behavior as the dirty bit tracking
already uses read-only ptes to control the amount of dirty pages.
Only for swap cache pages and pages of mappings without
mapping_cap_account_dirty there can be additional protection faults.
To avoid an excessive number of additional faults the mk_pte
primitive checks for PageDirty if the pgprot value allows for writes
and pre-dirties the pte. That avoids all additional faults for
tmpfs and shmem pages until these pages are added to the swap cache.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The total number of low memory pages is determined as totalram_pages -
totalhigh_pages, so without this patch all CMA pageblocks placed in
highmem were accounted to low memory.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The designed workflow for the caches in kmemcg is: register it with
memcg_register_cache() if kmemcg is already available or later on when a
new kmemcg appears at memcg_update_cache_sizes() which will handle all
caches in the system. The caches created at boot time will be handled
by the later, and the memcg-caches as well as any system caches that are
registered later on by the former.
There is a bug, however, in memcg_register_cache: we correctly set up
the array size, but do not mark the cache as a root cache.
This means that allocations for any cache appearing late in the game
will see memcg->memcg_params->is_root_cache == false, and in particular,
trigger VM_BUG_ON(!cachep->memcg_params->is_root_cache) in
__memcg_kmem_cache_get.
The obvious fix is to include the missing assignment.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With commit 8e72033f2a ("thp: make MADV_HUGEPAGE check for
mm->def_flags") the VM_NOHUGEPAGE flag may be set on s390 in
mm->def_flags for certain processes, to prevent future thp mappings.
This would be overwritten by do_mlockall(), which sets it back to 0 with
an optional VM_LOCKED flag set.
To fix this, instead of overwriting mm->def_flags in do_mlockall(), only
the VM_LOCKED flag should be set or cleared.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move rt scheduler definitions out of include/linux/sched.h into
new file include/linux/sched/rt.h
Signed-off-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130207094707.7b9f825f@riff.lan
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Move the sysctl-related bits from include/linux/sched.h into
a new file: include/linux/sched/sysctl.h. Then update source
files requiring access to those bits by including the new
header file.
Signed-off-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130207094659.06dced96@riff.lan
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We use rwsem since commit 5a505085f0 ("mm/rmap: Convert the struct
anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem"). And most of comments are converted to
the new rwsem lock; while just 2 more missed from:
$ git grep 'anon_vma->mutex'
Signed-off-by: Yuanhan Liu <yuanhan.liu@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When setting a huge PTE, besides calling pte_mkhuge(), we also need to
call arch_make_huge_pte(), which we indeed do in make_huge_pte(), but we
forget to do in hugetlb_change_protection() and remove_migration_pte().
Signed-off-by: Zhigang Lu <zlu@tilera.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
No reason to preserve the huge zero page in core dumps.
Reported-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use it to get mem size under the limit_pfn.
to replace local version in x86 reserved_initrd.
-v2: remove not needed cast that is pointed out by HPA.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1359058816-7615-29-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Coming patches to x86/mm2 require the changes and advanced baseline in
x86/boot.
Resolved Conflicts:
arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
mm/nobootmem.c
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
There is no backing store to tmpfs and file creation rules are the
same as for any other filesystem so it is semantically safe to allow
unprivileged users to mount it. ramfs is safe for the same reasons so
allow either flavor of tmpfs to be mounted by a user namespace root
user.
The memory control group successfully limits how much memory tmpfs can
consume on any system that cares about a user namespace root using
tmpfs to exhaust memory the memory control group can be deployed.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
The function does not modify iov_iter which 'i' points to.
Signed-off-by: Maxim Patlasov <mpatlasov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
In bdi_position_ratio(), get difference (setpoint-dirty) right even when
negative. Both setpoint and dirty are unsigned long, the difference was
zero-padded thus wrongly sign-extended to s64. This issue affects all
32-bit architectures, does not affect 64-bit architectures where long
and s64 are equivalent.
In this function, dirty is between freerun and limit, the pseudo-float x
is between [-1,1], expected to be negative about half the time. With
zero-padding, instead of a small negative x we obtained a large positive
one so bdi_position_ratio() returned garbage.
Casting the difference to s64 also prevents overflow with left-shift;
though normally these numbers are small and I never observed a 32-bit
overflow there.
(This patch does not solve the PAE OOM issue.)
Paul Szabo psz@maths.usyd.edu.auhttp://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/psz/
School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sydney Australia
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Reference: http://bugs.debian.org/695182
Signed-off-by: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Fix up all callers as they were before, with make one change: an
unsigned module taints the kernel, but doesn't turn off lockdep.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
This is to fix up a build problem with a wireless driver due to the
dynamic-debug patches in this branch.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL config item has not carried much meaning for a
while now and is almost always enabled by default. As agreed during the
Linux kernel summit, remove it from any "depends on" lines in Kconfigs.
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com>
CC: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
CC: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Add tracepoints for page dirtying, writeback_single_inode start, inode
dirtying and writeback. For the latter two inode events, a pair of
events are defined to denote start and end of the operations (the
starting one has _start suffix and the one w/o suffix happens after
the operation is complete). These inode ops are FS specific and can
be non-trivial and having enclosing tracepoints is useful for external
tracers.
This is part of tracepoint additions to improve visiblity into
dirtying / writeback operations for io tracer and userland.
v2: writeback_dirty_inode[_start] TPs may be called for files on
pseudo FSes w/ unregistered bdi. Check whether bdi->dev is %NULL
before dereferencing.
v3: buffer dirtying moved to a block TP.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Eric Wong reported on 3.7 and 3.8-rc2 that ppoll() got stuck when
waiting for POLLIN on a local TCP socket. It was easier to trigger if
there was disk IO and dirty pages at the same time and he bisected it to
commit 1fb3f8ca0e ("mm: compaction: capture a suitable high-order page
immediately when it is made available").
The intention of that patch was to improve high-order allocations under
memory pressure after changes made to reclaim in 3.6 drastically hurt
THP allocations but the approach was flawed. For Eric, the problem was
that page->pfmemalloc was not being cleared for captured pages leading
to a poor interaction with swap-over-NFS support causing the packets to
be dropped. However, I identified a few more problems with the patch
including the fact that it can increase contention on zone->lock in some
cases which could result in async direct compaction being aborted early.
In retrospect the capture patch took the wrong approach. What it should
have done is mark the pageblock being migrated as MIGRATE_ISOLATE if it
was allocating for THP and avoided races that way. While the patch was
showing to improve allocation success rates at the time, the benefit is
marginal given the relative complexity and it should be revisited from
scratch in the context of the other reclaim-related changes that have
taken place since the patch was first written and tested. This patch
partially reverts commit 1fb3f8ca0e ("mm: compaction: capture a
suitable high-order page immediately when it is made available").
Reported-and-tested-by: Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Tested-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Zhouping Liu reported the following against 3.8-rc1 when running a mmap
testcase from LTP.
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 3
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1798!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: ip6table_filter ip6_tables ebtable_nat ebtables bnep bluetooth rfkill iptable_mangle ipt_REJECT nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv4 xt_conntrack nf_conntrack iptable_filter ip_tables be2iscsi iscsi_boot_sysfs bnx2i cnic uio cxgb4i cxgb4 cxgb3i cxgb3 mdio libcxgbi ib_iser rdma_cm ib_addr iw_cm ib_cm ib_sa ib_mad ib_core iscsi_tcp libiscsi_tcp libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi vfat fat dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod cdc_ether iTCO_wdt i7core_edac coretemp usbnet iTCO_vendor_support mii crc32c_intel edac_core lpc_ich shpchp ioatdma mfd_core i2c_i801 pcspkr serio_raw bnx2 microcode dca vhost_net tun macvtap macvlan kvm_intel kvm uinput mgag200 sr_mod cdrom i2c_algo_bit sd_mod drm_kms_helper crc_t10dif ata_generic pata_acpi ttm ata_piix drm libata i2c_core megaraid_sas
CPU 1
Pid: 23217, comm: mmap10 Not tainted 3.8.0-rc1mainline+ #17 IBM IBM System x3400 M3 Server -[7379I08]-/69Y4356
RIP: __split_huge_page+0x677/0x6d0
RSP: 0000:ffff88017a03fc08 EFLAGS: 00010293
RAX: 0000000000000003 RBX: ffff88027a6c22e0 RCX: 00000000000034d2
RDX: 000000000000748b RSI: 0000000000000046 RDI: 0000000000000246
RBP: ffff88017a03fcb8 R08: ffffffff819d2440 R09: 000000000000054a
R10: 0000000000aaaaaa R11: 00000000ffffffff R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f4f11a00000 R14: ffff880179e96e00 R15: ffffea0005c08000
FS: 00007f4f11f4a740(0000) GS:ffff88017bc20000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 00000037e9ebb404 CR3: 000000017a436000 CR4: 00000000000007e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process mmap10 (pid: 23217, threadinfo ffff88017a03e000, task ffff880172dd32e0)
Stack:
ffff88017a540ec8 ffff88017a03fc20 ffffffff816017b5 ffff88017a03fc88
ffffffff812fa014 0000000000000000 ffff880279ebd5c0 00000000f4f11a4c
00000007f4f11f49 00000007f4f11a00 ffff88017a540ef0 ffff88017a540ee8
Call Trace:
split_huge_page+0x68/0xb0
__split_huge_page_pmd+0x134/0x330
split_huge_page_pmd_mm+0x51/0x60
split_huge_page_address+0x3b/0x50
__vma_adjust_trans_huge+0x9c/0xf0
vma_adjust+0x684/0x750
__split_vma.isra.28+0x1fa/0x220
do_munmap+0xf9/0x420
vm_munmap+0x4e/0x70
sys_munmap+0x2b/0x40
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Alexander Beregalov and Alex Xu reported similar bugs and Hillf Danton
identified that commit 5a505085f0 ("mm/rmap: Convert the struct
anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem") and commit 4fc3f1d66b ("mm/rmap,
migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable")
were likely the problem. Reverting these commits was reported to solve
the problem for Alexander.
Despite the reason for these commits, NUMA balancing is not the direct
source of the problem. split_huge_page() expects the anon_vma lock to
be exclusive to serialise the whole split operation. Ordinarily it is
expected that the anon_vma lock would only be required when updating the
avcs but THP also uses the anon_vma rwsem for collapse and split
operations where the page lock or compound lock cannot be used (as the
page is changing from base to THP or vice versa) and the page table
locks are insufficient.
This patch takes the anon_vma lock for write to serialise against parallel
split_huge_page as THP expected before the conversion to rwsem.
Reported-and-tested-by: Zhouping Liu <zliu@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Alexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Alex Xu <alex_y_xu@yahoo.ca>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 5a505085f0 ("mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an
rwsem") turned anon_vma mutex to rwsem.
However, the properly annotated nested locking in mm_take_all_locks()
has been converted from
mutex_lock_nest_lock(&anon_vma->root->mutex, &mm->mmap_sem);
to
down_write(&anon_vma->root->rwsem);
which is incomplete, and causes the false positive report from lockdep
below.
Annotate the fact that mmap_sem is used as an outter lock to serialize
taking of all the anon_vma rwsems at once no matter the order, using the
down_write_nest_lock() primitive.
This patch fixes this lockdep report:
=============================================
[ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ]
3.8.0-rc2-00036-g5f73896 #171 Not tainted
---------------------------------------------
qemu-kvm/2315 is trying to acquire lock:
(&anon_vma->rwsem){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0x149/0x1b0
but task is already holding lock:
(&anon_vma->rwsem){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0x149/0x1b0
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0
----
lock(&anon_vma->rwsem);
lock(&anon_vma->rwsem);
*** DEADLOCK ***
May be due to missing lock nesting notation
4 locks held by qemu-kvm/2315:
#0: (&mm->mmap_sem){++++++}, at: do_mmu_notifier_register+0xfc/0x170
#1: (mm_all_locks_mutex){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0x36/0x1b0
#2: (&mapping->i_mmap_mutex){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0xc9/0x1b0
#3: (&anon_vma->rwsem){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0x149/0x1b0
stack backtrace:
Pid: 2315, comm: qemu-kvm Not tainted 3.8.0-rc2-00036-g5f73896 #171
Call Trace:
print_deadlock_bug+0xf2/0x100
validate_chain+0x4f6/0x720
__lock_acquire+0x359/0x580
lock_acquire+0x121/0x190
down_write+0x3f/0x70
mm_take_all_locks+0x149/0x1b0
do_mmu_notifier_register+0x68/0x170
mmu_notifier_register+0xe/0x10
kvm_create_vm+0x22b/0x330 [kvm]
kvm_dev_ioctl+0xf8/0x1a0 [kvm]
do_vfs_ioctl+0x9d/0x350
sys_ioctl+0x91/0xb0
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently free_all_bootmem_core ignores that node_min_pfn may be not
multiple of BITS_PER_LONG. Eg commit 6dccdcbe2c ("mm: bootmem: fix
checking the bitmap when finally freeing bootmem") shifts vec by lower
bits of start instead of lower bits of idx. Also
if (IS_ALIGNED(start, BITS_PER_LONG) && vec == ~0UL)
assumes that vec bit 0 corresponds to start pfn, which is only true when
node_min_pfn is a multiple of BITS_PER_LONG. Also loop in the else
clause can double-free pages (e.g. with node_min_pfn == start == 1,
map[0] == ~0 on 32-bit machine page 32 will be double-freed).
This bug causes the following message during xtensa kernel boot:
bootmem::free_all_bootmem_core nid=0 start=1 end=8000
BUG: Bad page state in process swapper pfn:00001
page:d04bd020 count:0 mapcount:-127 mapping: (null) index:0x2
page flags: 0x0()
Call Trace:
bad_page+0x8c/0x9c
free_pages_prepare+0x5e/0x88
free_hot_cold_page+0xc/0xa0
__free_pages+0x24/0x38
__free_pages_bootmem+0x54/0x56
free_all_bootmem_core$part$11+0xeb/0x138
free_all_bootmem+0x46/0x58
mem_init+0x25/0xa4
start_kernel+0x11e/0x25c
should_never_return+0x0/0x3be7
The fix is the following:
- always align vec so that its bit 0 corresponds to start
- provide BITS_PER_LONG bits in vec, if those bits are available in the
map
- don't free pages past next start position in the else clause.
Signed-off-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Prasad Koya <prasad.koya@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current calculation in pfn_to_bitidx assumes that (pfn -
zone->zone_start_pfn) >> pageblock_order will return the same bit for
all pfn in a pageblock. If zone_start_pfn is not aligned to
pageblock_nr_pages, this may not always be correct.
Consider the following with pageblock order = 10, zone start 2MB:
pfn | pfn - zone start | (pfn - zone start) >> page block order
----------------------------------------------------------------
0x26000 | 0x25e00 | 0x97
0x26100 | 0x25f00 | 0x97
0x26200 | 0x26000 | 0x98
0x26300 | 0x26100 | 0x98
This means that calling {get,set}_pageblock_migratetype on a single page
will not set the migratetype for the full block. Fix this by rounding
down zone_start_pfn when doing the bitidx calculation.
For our use case, the effects of this bug were mostly tied to the fact
that CMA allocations would either take a long time or fail to happen.
Depending on the driver using CMA, this could result in anything from
visual glitches to application failures.
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
when run the folloing command under shell, it will return error
sh/$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
sh/$ sh: write error: Bad address
After strace, I found the following log:
...
write(1, "1\n", 2) = 3
write(1, "", 4294967295) = -1 EFAULT (Bad address)
write(2, "echo: write error: Bad address\n", 31echo: write error: Bad address
) = 31
This tells system return 3(COMPACT_COMPLETE) after write data to
compact_memory.
The fix is to make the system just return 0 instead 3(COMPACT_COMPLETE)
from sysctl_compaction_handler after compaction_nodes finished.
Signed-off-by: Jason Liu <r64343@freescale.com>
Suggested-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The memmove span covers from (next+1) to the end of the array, and the
index of next is (i+1), so the index of (next+1) is (i+2). So the size
of remaining array elements is (type->cnt - (i + 2)).
Since the remaining elements of the memblock array are move forward by
one element and there is only one additional element caused by this bug.
So there won't be any write overflow here but read overflow. It may
read one more element out of the array address if the array happens to
be full. Commonly it doesn't matter at all but if the array happens to
be located at the end a memblock, it may cause a invalid read operation
for the physical address doesn't exist.
There are 2 *happens to be* here, so I think the probability is quite
low, I don't know if any guy is haunted by this bug before.
Mostly I think it's user-invisible.
Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hugh Dickins pointed out that migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() does
not check page_count before migrating like base page migration and
khugepage. He could not see why this was safe and he is right.
The potential impact of the bug is avoided due to the limitations of
NUMA balancing. The page_mapcount() check ensures that only a single
address space is using this page and as THPs are typically private it
should not be possible for another address space to fault it in
parallel. If the address space has one associated task then it's
difficult to have both a GUP pin and be referencing the page at the same
time. If there are multiple tasks then a buggy scenario requires that
another thread be accessing the page while the direct IO is in flight.
This is dodgy behaviour as there is a possibility of corruption with or
without THP migration. It would be
While we happen to be safe for the most part it is shoddy to depend on
such "safety" so this patch checks the page count similar to anonymous
pages. Note that this does not mean that the page_mapcount() check can
go away. If we were to remove the page_mapcount() check the the THP
would have to be unmapped from all referencing PTEs, replaced with
migration PTEs and restored properly afterwards.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The check for a pmd being in the process of being split was dropped by
mistake by commit d10e63f294 ("mm: numa: Create basic numa page
hinting infrastructure"). Put it back.
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Debugged-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Kirill Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit e303297e6c ("mm: extended batches for generic
mmu_gather") we are batching pages to be freed until either
tlb_next_batch cannot allocate a new batch or we are done.
This works just fine most of the time but we can get in troubles with
non-preemptible kernel (CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE or CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY)
on large machines where too aggressive batching might lead to soft
lockups during process exit path (exit_mmap) because there are no
scheduling points down the free_pages_and_swap_cache path and so the
freeing can take long enough to trigger the soft lockup.
The lockup is harmless except when the system is setup to panic on
softlockup which is not that unusual.
The simplest way to work around this issue is to limit the maximum
number of batches in a single mmu_gather. 10k of collected pages should
be safe to prevent from soft lockups (we would have 2ms for one) even if
they are all freed without an explicit scheduling point.
This patch doesn't add any new explicit scheduling points because it
relies on zap_pmd_range during page tables zapping which calls
cond_resched per PMD.
The following lockup has been reported for 3.0 kernel with a huge
process (in order of hundreds gigs but I do know any more details).
BUG: soft lockup - CPU#56 stuck for 22s! [kernel:31053]
Modules linked in: af_packet nfs lockd fscache auth_rpcgss nfs_acl sunrpc mptctl mptbase autofs4 binfmt_misc dm_round_robin dm_multipath bonding cpufreq_conservative cpufreq_userspace cpufreq_powersave pcc_cpufreq mperf microcode fuse loop osst sg sd_mod crc_t10dif st qla2xxx scsi_transport_fc scsi_tgt netxen_nic i7core_edac iTCO_wdt joydev e1000e serio_raw pcspkr edac_core iTCO_vendor_support acpi_power_meter rtc_cmos hpwdt hpilo button container usbhid hid dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log linear uhci_hcd ehci_hcd usbcore usb_common scsi_dh_emc scsi_dh_alua scsi_dh_hp_sw scsi_dh_rdac scsi_dh dm_snapshot pcnet32 mii edd dm_mod raid1 ext3 mbcache jbd fan thermal processor thermal_sys hwmon cciss scsi_mod
Supported: Yes
CPU 56
Pid: 31053, comm: kernel Not tainted 3.0.31-0.9-default #1 HP ProLiant DL580 G7
RIP: 0010: _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x8/0x10
RSP: 0018:ffff883ec1037af0 EFLAGS: 00000206
RAX: 0000000000000e00 RBX: ffffea01a0817e28 RCX: ffff88803ffd9e80
RDX: 0000000000000200 RSI: 0000000000000206 RDI: 0000000000000206
RBP: 0000000000000002 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffff887ec724a400
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: dead000000200200 R12: ffffffff8144c26e
R13: 0000000000000030 R14: 0000000000000297 R15: 000000000000000e
FS: 00007ed834282700(0000) GS:ffff88c03f200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 000000000068b240 CR3: 0000003ec13c5000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process kernel (pid: 31053, threadinfo ffff883ec1036000, task ffff883ebd5d4100)
Call Trace:
release_pages+0xc5/0x260
free_pages_and_swap_cache+0x9d/0xc0
tlb_flush_mmu+0x5c/0x80
tlb_finish_mmu+0xe/0x50
exit_mmap+0xbd/0x120
mmput+0x49/0x120
exit_mm+0x122/0x160
do_exit+0x17a/0x430
do_group_exit+0x3d/0xb0
get_signal_to_deliver+0x247/0x480
do_signal+0x71/0x1b0
do_notify_resume+0x98/0xb0
int_signal+0x12/0x17
DWARF2 unwinder stuck at int_signal+0x12/0x17
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.0+]
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 702d1a6e07 ("memory-hotplug: fix kswapd looping forever
problem") added an isolated pageblocks counter (nr_pageblock_isolate in
struct zone) and used it to adjust free pages counter in
zone_watermark_ok_safe() to prevent kswapd looping forever problem.
Then later, commit 2139cbe627 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages")
fixed accounting of isolated pages in global free pages counter. It
made the previous zone_watermark_ok_safe() fix unnecessary and
potentially harmful (cause now isolated pages may be accounted twice
making free pages counter incorrect).
This patch removes the special isolated pageblocks counter altogether
which fixes zone_watermark_ok_safe() free pages check.
Reported-by: Tomasz Stanislawski <t.stanislaws@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar.30@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_HOTPLUG is going away as an option. As a result, the __dev*
markings need to be removed.
This change removes the use of __devinit from the file.
Based on patches originally written by Bill Pemberton, but redone by me
in order to handle some of the coding style issues better, by hand.
Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Sasha was fuzzing with trinity and reported the following problem:
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/mutex.c:269
in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, pid: 6361, name: trinity-main
2 locks held by trinity-main/6361:
#0: (&mm->mmap_sem){++++++}, at: [<ffffffff810aa314>] __do_page_fault+0x1e4/0x4f0
#1: (&(&mm->page_table_lock)->rlock){+.+...}, at: [<ffffffff8122f017>] handle_pte_fault+0x3f7/0x6a0
Pid: 6361, comm: trinity-main Tainted: G W
3.7.0-rc2-next-20121024-sasha-00001-gd95ef01-dirty #74
Call Trace:
__might_sleep+0x1c3/0x1e0
mutex_lock_nested+0x29/0x50
mpol_shared_policy_lookup+0x2e/0x90
shmem_get_policy+0x2e/0x30
get_vma_policy+0x5a/0xa0
mpol_misplaced+0x41/0x1d0
handle_pte_fault+0x465/0x6a0
This was triggered by a different version of automatic NUMA balancing
but in theory the current version is vunerable to the same problem.
do_numa_page
-> numa_migrate_prep
-> mpol_misplaced
-> get_vma_policy
-> shmem_get_policy
It's very unlikely this will happen as shared pages are not marked
pte_numa -- see the page_mapcount() check in change_pte_range() -- but
it is possible.
To address this, this patch restores sp->lock as originally implemented
by Kosaki Motohiro. In the path where get_vma_policy() is called, it
should not be calling sp_alloc() so it is not necessary to treat the PTL
specially.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the unused argument (formerly no_context) from mpol_parse_str()
and from mpol_to_str().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Recently I suggested using "mount -o remount,mpol=local /tmp" in NUMA
mempolicy testing. Very nasty. Reading /proc/mounts, /proc/pid/mounts
or /proc/pid/mountinfo may then corrupt one bit of kernel memory, often
in a page table (causing "Bad swap" or "Bad page map" warning or "Bad
pagetable" oops), sometimes in a vm_area_struct or rbnode or somewhere
worse. "mpol=prefer" and "mpol=prefer:Node" are equally toxic.
Recent NUMA enhancements are not to blame: this dates back to 2.6.35,
when commit e17f74af35 "mempolicy: don't call mpol_set_nodemask() when
no_context" skipped mpol_parse_str()'s call to mpol_set_nodemask(),
which used to initialize v.preferred_node, or set MPOL_F_LOCAL in flags.
With slab poisoning, you can then rely on mpol_to_str() to set the bit
for node 0x6b6b, probably in the next page above the caller's stack.
mpol_parse_str() is only called from shmem_parse_options(): no_context
is always true, so call it unused for now, and remove !no_context code.
Set v.nodes or v.preferred_node or MPOL_F_LOCAL as mpol_to_str() might
expect. Then mpol_to_str() can ignore its no_context argument also,
the mpol being appropriately initialized whether contextualized or not.
Rename its no_context unused too, and let subsequent patch remove them
(that's not needed for stable backporting, which would involve rejects).
I don't understand why MPOL_LOCAL is described as a pseudo-policy:
it's a reasonable policy which suffers from a confusing implementation
in terms of MPOL_PREFERRED with MPOL_F_LOCAL. I believe this would be
much more robust if MPOL_LOCAL were recognized in switch statements
throughout, MPOL_F_LOCAL deleted, and MPOL_PREFERRED use the (possibly
empty) nodes mask like everyone else, instead of its preferred_node
variant (I presume an optimization from the days before MPOL_LOCAL).
But that would take me too long to get right and fully tested.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
An unintended consequence of commit 4ae0a48b5e ("mm: modify
pgdat_balanced() so that it also handles order-0") is that
wait_iff_congested() can now be called with NULL 'struct zone *'
producing kernel oops like this:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference
IP: [<ffffffff811542d9>] wait_iff_congested+0x59/0x140
This trivial patch fixes it.
Reported-by: Zhouping Liu <zliu@redhat.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Zlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Teach pgdat_balanced() about order-0 allocations so that we can simplify
code in a few places in vmstat.c.
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Zlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge the rest of Andrew's patches for -rc1:
"A bunch of fixes and misc missed-out-on things.
That'll do for -rc1. I still have a batch of IPC patches which still
have a possible bug report which I'm chasing down."
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (25 commits)
keys: use keyring_alloc() to create module signing keyring
keys: fix unreachable code
sendfile: allows bypassing of notifier events
SGI-XP: handle non-fatal traps
fat: fix incorrect function comment
Documentation: ABI: remove testing/sysfs-devices-node
proc: fix inconsistent lock state
linux/kernel.h: fix DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST with unsigned divisors
memcg: don't register hotcpu notifier from ->css_alloc()
checkpatch: warn on uapi #includes that #include <uapi/...
revert "rtc: recycle id when unloading a rtc driver"
mm: clean up transparent hugepage sysfs error messages
hfsplus: add error message for the case of failure of sync fs in delayed_sync_fs() method
hfsplus: rework processing of hfs_btree_write() returned error
hfsplus: rework processing errors in hfsplus_free_extents()
hfsplus: avoid crash on failed block map free
kcmp: include linux/ptrace.h
drivers/rtc/rtc-imxdi.c: must include <linux/spinlock.h>
mm: cma: WARN if freed memory is still in use
exec: do not leave bprm->interp on stack
...
Clarify error messages and correct a few typos in the transparent hugepage
sysfs init code.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Eder <jeder@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory returned to free_contig_range() must have no other references.
Let kernel to complain loudly if page reference count is not equal to 1.
[rientjes@google.com: support sparsemem]
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The system uses global_dirtyable_memory() to calculate number of
dirtyable pages/pages that can be allocated to the page cache. A bug
causes an underflow thus making the page count look like a big unsigned
number. This in turn confuses the dirty writeback throttling to
aggressively write back pages as they become dirty (usually 1 page at a
time). This generally only affects systems with highmem because the
underflowed count gets subtracted from the global count of dirtyable
memory.
The problem was introduced with v3.2-4896-gab8fabd
Fix is to ensure we don't get an underflowed total of either highmem or
global dirtyable memory.
Signed-off-by: Sonny Rao <sonnyrao@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Puneet Kumar <puneetster@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: Damien Wyart <damien.wyart@free.fr>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
isolate_freepages_block() and isolate_migratepages_range() are used for
CMA as well as compaction so it breaks build for CONFIG_CMA &&
!CONFIG_COMPACTION.
This patch fixes it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add "do { } while (0)", per Mel]
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Latinoware 2012.
There's a slightly non-trivial merge in virtio-net, as we cleaned up the
virtio add_buf interface while DaveM accepted the mq virtio-net patches.
You can see my solution in my pending-rebases branch, if that helps, but I
know you love merging:
https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux.git;a=commit;h=12e4e64fa66a4c812e4855de32abdb4d819526fe
Cheers,
Rusty.
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Merge tag 'virtio-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull virtio update from Rusty Russell:
"Some nice cleanups, and even a patch my wife did as a "live" demo for
Latinoware 2012.
There's a slightly non-trivial merge in virtio-net, as we cleaned up
the virtio add_buf interface while DaveM accepted the mq virtio-net
patches."
* tag 'virtio-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux: (27 commits)
virtio_console: Add support for remoteproc serial
virtio_console: Merge struct buffer_token into struct port_buffer
virtio: add drv_to_virtio to make code clearly
virtio: use dev_to_virtio wrapper in virtio
virtio-mmio: Fix irq parsing in command line parameter
virtio_console: Free buffers from out-queue upon close
virtio: Convert dev_printk(KERN_<LEVEL> to dev_<level>(
virtio_console: Use kmalloc instead of kzalloc
virtio_console: Free buffer if splice fails
virtio: tools: make it clear that virtqueue_add_buf() no longer returns > 0
virtio: scsi: make it clear that virtqueue_add_buf() no longer returns > 0
virtio: rpmsg: make it clear that virtqueue_add_buf() no longer returns > 0
virtio: net: make it clear that virtqueue_add_buf() no longer returns > 0
virtio: console: make it clear that virtqueue_add_buf() no longer returns > 0
virtio: make virtqueue_add_buf() returning 0 on success, not capacity.
virtio: console: don't rely on virtqueue_add_buf() returning capacity.
virtio_net: don't rely on virtqueue_add_buf() returning capacity.
virtio-net: remove unused skb_vnet_hdr->num_sg field
virtio-net: correct capacity math on ring full
virtio: move queue_index and num_free fields into core struct virtqueue.
...
The rmap walks in ksm.c are like those in rmap.c: they can safely be
done with anon_vma_lock_read().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On a 4GB RAM machine, where Normal zone is much smaller than DMA32 zone,
the Normal zone gets fragmented in time. This requires relatively more
pressure in balance_pgdat to get the zone above the required watermark.
Unfortunately, the congestion_wait() call in there slows it down for a
completely wrong reason, expecting that there's a lot of
writeback/swapout, even when there's none (much more common). After a
few days, when fragmentation progresses, this flawed logic translates to
a very high CPU iowait times, even though there's no I/O congestion at
all. If THP is enabled, the problem occurs sooner, but I was able to
see it even on !THP kernels, just by giving it a bit more time to occur.
The proper way to deal with this is to not wait, unless there's
congestion. Thanks to Mel Gorman, we already have the function that
perfectly fits the job. The patch was tested on a machine which nicely
revealed the problem after only 1 day of uptime, and it's been working
great.
Signed-off-by: Zlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Neil found that if too_many_isolated() returns true while performing
direct reclaim we can end up waiting for other threads to complete their
direct reclaim. If those threads are allowed to enter the FS or IO to
free memory, but this thread is not, then it is possible that those
threads will be waiting on this thread and so we get a circular deadlock.
some task enters direct reclaim with GFP_KERNEL
=> too_many_isolated() false
=> vmscan and run into dirty pages
=> pageout()
=> take some FS lock
=> fs/block code does GFP_NOIO allocation
=> enter direct reclaim again
=> too_many_isolated() true
=> waiting for others to progress, however the other
tasks may be circular waiting for the FS lock..
The fix is to let !__GFP_IO and !__GFP_FS direct reclaims enjoy higher
priority than normal ones, by lowering the throttle threshold for the
latter.
Allowing ~1/8 isolated pages in normal is large enough. For example, for
a 1GB LRU list, that's ~128MB isolated pages, or 1k blocked tasks (each
isolates 32 4KB pages), or 64 blocked tasks per logical CPU (assuming 16
logical CPUs per NUMA node). So it's not likely some CPU goes idle
waiting (when it could make progress) because of this limit: there are
much more sleeping reclaim tasks than the number of CPU, so the task may
well be blocked by some low level queue/lock anyway.
Now !GFP_IOFS reclaims won't be waiting for GFP_IOFS reclaims to progress.
They will be blocked only when there are too many concurrent !GFP_IOFS
reclaims, however that's very unlikely because the IO-less direct reclaims
is able to progress much more faster, and they won't deadlock each other.
The threshold is raised high enough for them, so that there can be
sufficient parallel progress of !GFP_IOFS reclaims.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment]
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Torsten Kaiser <just.for.lkml@googlemail.com>
Tested-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Comment "Why it's doing so" rather than "What it does" as proposed by
Andrew Morton.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Build kernel with CONFIG_HUGETLBFS=y,CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE=y and
CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB=y, then specify hugepagesz=xx boot option, system
will fail to boot.
This failure is caused by following code path:
setup_hugepagesz
hugetlb_add_hstate
hugetlb_cgroup_file_init
cgroup_add_cftypes
kzalloc <--slab is *not available* yet
For this path, slab is not available yet, so memory allocated will be
failed, and cause WARN_ON() in hugetlb_cgroup_file_init().
So I move hugetlb_cgroup_file_init() into hugetlb_init().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak coding-style, remove pointless __init on inlined function]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A few gremlins have recently crept in.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sasha Levin recently reported a lockdep problem resulting from the new
attribute propagation introduced by kmemcg series. In short, slab_mutex
will be called from within the sysfs attribute store function. This will
create a dependency, that will later be held backwards when a cache is
destroyed - since destruction occurs with the slab_mutex held, and then
calls in to the sysfs directory removal function.
In this patch, I propose to adopt a strategy close to what
__kmem_cache_create does before calling sysfs_slab_add, and release the
lock before the call to sysfs_slab_remove. This is pretty much the last
operation in the kmem_cache_shutdown() path, so we could do better by
splitting this and moving this call alone to later on. This will fit
nicely when sysfs handling is consistent between all caches, but will look
weird now.
Lockdep info:
======================================================
[ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ]
3.7.0-rc4-next-20121106-sasha-00008-g353b62f #117 Tainted: G W
-------------------------------------------------------
trinity-child13/6961 is trying to acquire lock:
(s_active#43){++++.+}, at: sysfs_addrm_finish+0x31/0x60
but task is already holding lock:
(slab_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: kmem_cache_destroy+0x22/0xe0
which lock already depends on the new lock.
the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
-> #1 (slab_mutex){+.+.+.}:
lock_acquire+0x1aa/0x240
__mutex_lock_common+0x59/0x5a0
mutex_lock_nested+0x3f/0x50
slab_attr_store+0xde/0x110
sysfs_write_file+0xfa/0x150
vfs_write+0xb0/0x180
sys_pwrite64+0x60/0xb0
tracesys+0xe1/0xe6
-> #0 (s_active#43){++++.+}:
__lock_acquire+0x14df/0x1ca0
lock_acquire+0x1aa/0x240
sysfs_deactivate+0x122/0x1a0
sysfs_addrm_finish+0x31/0x60
sysfs_remove_dir+0x89/0xd0
kobject_del+0x16/0x40
__kmem_cache_shutdown+0x40/0x60
kmem_cache_destroy+0x40/0xe0
mon_text_release+0x78/0xe0
__fput+0x122/0x2d0
____fput+0x9/0x10
task_work_run+0xbe/0x100
do_exit+0x432/0xbd0
do_group_exit+0x84/0xd0
get_signal_to_deliver+0x81d/0x930
do_signal+0x3a/0x950
do_notify_resume+0x3e/0x90
int_signal+0x12/0x17
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(slab_mutex);
lock(s_active#43);
lock(slab_mutex);
lock(s_active#43);
*** DEADLOCK ***
2 locks held by trinity-child13/6961:
#0: (mon_lock){+.+.+.}, at: mon_text_release+0x25/0xe0
#1: (slab_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: kmem_cache_destroy+0x22/0xe0
stack backtrace:
Pid: 6961, comm: trinity-child13 Tainted: G W 3.7.0-rc4-next-20121106-sasha-00008-g353b62f #117
Call Trace:
print_circular_bug+0x1fb/0x20c
__lock_acquire+0x14df/0x1ca0
lock_acquire+0x1aa/0x240
sysfs_deactivate+0x122/0x1a0
sysfs_addrm_finish+0x31/0x60
sysfs_remove_dir+0x89/0xd0
kobject_del+0x16/0x40
__kmem_cache_shutdown+0x40/0x60
kmem_cache_destroy+0x40/0xe0
mon_text_release+0x78/0xe0
__fput+0x122/0x2d0
____fput+0x9/0x10
task_work_run+0xbe/0x100
do_exit+0x432/0xbd0
do_group_exit+0x84/0xd0
get_signal_to_deliver+0x81d/0x930
do_signal+0x3a/0x950
do_notify_resume+0x3e/0x90
int_signal+0x12/0x17
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch clarifies two aspects of cache attribute propagation.
First, the expected context for the for_each_memcg_cache macro in
memcontrol.h. The usages already in the codebase are safe. In mm/slub.c,
it is trivially safe because the lock is acquired right before the loop.
In mm/slab.c, it is less so: the lock is acquired by an outer function a
few steps back in the stack, so a VM_BUG_ON() is added to make sure it is
indeed safe.
A comment is also added to detail why we are returning the value of the
parent cache and ignoring the children's when we propagate the attributes.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLUB allows us to tune a particular cache behavior with sysfs-based
tunables. When creating a new memcg cache copy, we'd like to preserve any
tunables the parent cache already had.
This can be done by tapping into the store attribute function provided by
the allocator. We of course don't need to mess with read-only fields.
Since the attributes can have multiple types and are stored internally by
sysfs, the best strategy is to issue a ->show() in the root cache, and
then ->store() in the memcg cache.
The drawback of that, is that sysfs can allocate up to a page in buffering
for show(), that we are likely not to need, but also can't guarantee. To
avoid always allocating a page for that, we can update the caches at store
time with the maximum attribute size ever stored to the root cache. We
will then get a buffer big enough to hold it. The corolary to this, is
that if no stores happened, nothing will be propagated.
It can also happen that a root cache has its tunables updated during
normal system operation. In this case, we will propagate the change to
all caches that are already active.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak code to avoid __maybe_unused]
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLAB allows us to tune a particular cache behavior with tunables. When
creating a new memcg cache copy, we'd like to preserve any tunables the
parent cache already had.
This could be done by an explicit call to do_tune_cpucache() after the
cache is created. But this is not very convenient now that the caches are
created from common code, since this function is SLAB-specific.
Another method of doing that is taking advantage of the fact that
do_tune_cpucache() is always called from enable_cpucache(), which is
called at cache initialization. We can just preset the values, and then
things work as expected.
It can also happen that a root cache has its tunables updated during
normal system operation. In this case, we will propagate the change to
all caches that are already active.
This change will require us to move the assignment of root_cache in
memcg_params a bit earlier. We need this to be already set - which
memcg_kmem_register_cache will do - when we reach __kmem_cache_create()
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we create caches in memcgs, we need to display their usage
information somewhere. We'll adopt a scheme similar to /proc/meminfo,
with aggregate totals shown in the global file, and per-group information
stored in the group itself.
For the time being, only reads are allowed in the per-group cache.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This means that when we destroy a memcg cache that happened to be empty,
those caches may take a lot of time to go away: removing the memcg
reference won't destroy them - because there are pending references, and
the empty pages will stay there, until a shrinker is called upon for any
reason.
In this patch, we will call kmem_cache_shrink() for all dead caches that
cannot be destroyed because of remaining pages. After shrinking, it is
possible that it could be freed. If this is not the case, we'll schedule
a lazy worker to keep trying.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This enables us to remove all the children of a kmem_cache being
destroyed, if for example the kernel module it's being used in gets
unloaded. Otherwise, the children will still point to the destroyed
parent.
Signed-off-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement destruction of memcg caches. Right now, only caches where our
reference counter is the last remaining are deleted. If there are any
other reference counters around, we just leave the caches lying around
until they go away.
When that happens, a destruction function is called from the cache code.
Caches are only destroyed in process context, so we queue them up for
later processing in the general case.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We are able to match a cache allocation to a particular memcg. If the
task doesn't change groups during the allocation itself - a rare event,
this will give us a good picture about who is the first group to touch a
cache page.
This patch uses the now available infrastructure by calling
memcg_kmem_get_cache() before all the cache allocations.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
struct page already has this information. If we start chaining caches,
this information will always be more trustworthy than whatever is passed
into the function.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Create a mechanism that skip memcg allocations during certain pieces of
our core code. It basically works in the same way as
preempt_disable()/preempt_enable(): By marking a region under which all
allocations will be accounted to the root memcg.
We need this to prevent races in early cache creation, when we
allocate data using caches that are not necessarily created already.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
yCc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The page allocator is able to bind a page to a memcg when it is
allocated. But for the caches, we'd like to have as many objects as
possible in a page belonging to the same cache.
This is done in this patch by calling memcg_kmem_get_cache in the
beginning of every allocation function. This function is patched out by
static branches when kernel memory controller is not being used.
It assumes that the task allocating, which determines the memcg in the
page allocator, belongs to the same cgroup throughout the whole process.
Misaccounting can happen if the task calls memcg_kmem_get_cache() while
belonging to a cgroup, and later on changes. This is considered
acceptable, and should only happen upon task migration.
Before the cache is created by the memcg core, there is also a possible
imbalance: the task belongs to a memcg, but the cache being allocated from
is the global cache, since the child cache is not yet guaranteed to be
ready. This case is also fine, since in this case the GFP_KMEMCG will not
be passed and the page allocator will not attempt any cgroup accounting.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Every cache that is considered a root cache (basically the "original"
caches, tied to the root memcg/no-memcg) will have an array that should be
large enough to store a cache pointer per each memcg in the system.
Theoreticaly, this is as high as 1 << sizeof(css_id), which is currently
in the 64k pointers range. Most of the time, we won't be using that much.
What goes in this patch, is a simple scheme to dynamically allocate such
an array, in order to minimize memory usage for memcg caches. Because we
would also like to avoid allocations all the time, at least for now, the
array will only grow. It will tend to be big enough to hold the maximum
number of kmem-limited memcgs ever achieved.
We'll allocate it to be a minimum of 64 kmem-limited memcgs. When we have
more than that, we'll start doubling the size of this array every time the
limit is reached.
Because we are only considering kmem limited memcgs, a natural point for
this to happen is when we write to the limit. At that point, we already
have set_limit_mutex held, so that will become our natural synchronization
mechanism.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Allow a memcg parameter to be passed during cache creation. When the slub
allocator is being used, it will only merge caches that belong to the same
memcg. We'll do this by scanning the global list, and then translating
the cache to a memcg-specific cache
Default function is created as a wrapper, passing NULL to the memcg
version. We only merge caches that belong to the same memcg.
A helper is provided, memcg_css_id: because slub needs a unique cache name
for sysfs. Since this is visible, but not the canonical location for slab
data, the cache name is not used, the css_id should suffice.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We currently provide lockdep annotation for kmalloc caches, and also
caches that have SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS enabled. The reason for this is that
we can quite frequently nest in the l3->list_lock lock, which is not
something trivial to avoid.
My proposal with this patch, is to extend this to caches whose slab
management object lives within the slab as well ("on_slab"). The need for
this arose in the context of testing kmemcg-slab patches. With such
patchset, we can have per-memcg kmalloc caches. So the same path that led
to nesting between kmalloc caches will could then lead to in-memcg
nesting. Because they are not annotated, lockdep will trigger.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For the kmem slab controller, we need to record some extra information in
the kmem_cache structure.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A lot of the initialization we do in mem_cgroup_create() is done with
softirqs enabled. This include grabbing a css id, which holds
&ss->id_lock->rlock, and the per-zone trees, which holds
rtpz->lock->rlock. All of those signal to the lockdep mechanism that
those locks can be used in SOFTIRQ-ON-W context.
This means that the freeing of memcg structure must happen in a
compatible context, otherwise we'll get a deadlock, like the one below,
caught by lockdep:
free_accounted_pages+0x47/0x4c
free_task+0x31/0x5c
__put_task_struct+0xc2/0xdb
put_task_struct+0x1e/0x22
delayed_put_task_struct+0x7a/0x98
__rcu_process_callbacks+0x269/0x3df
rcu_process_callbacks+0x31/0x5b
__do_softirq+0x122/0x277
This usage pattern could not be triggered before kmem came into play.
With the introduction of kmem stack handling, it is possible that we call
the last mem_cgroup_put() from the task destructor, which is run in an rcu
callback. Such callbacks are run with softirqs disabled, leading to the
offensive usage pattern.
In general, we have little, if any, means to guarantee in which context
the last memcg_put will happen. The best we can do is test it and try to
make sure no invalid context releases are happening. But as we add more
code to memcg, the possible interactions grow in number and expose more
ways to get context conflicts. One thing to keep in mind, is that part of
the freeing process is already deferred to a worker, such as vfree(), that
can only be called from process context.
For the moment, the only two functions we really need moved away are:
* free_css_id(), and
* mem_cgroup_remove_from_trees().
But because the later accesses per-zone info,
free_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info() needs to be moved as well. With that, we
are left with the per_cpu stats only. Better move it all.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Tested-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Because the ultimate goal of the kmem tracking in memcg is to track slab
pages as well, we can't guarantee that we'll always be able to point a
page to a particular process, and migrate the charges along with it -
since in the common case, a page will contain data belonging to multiple
processes.
Because of that, when we destroy a memcg, we only make sure the
destruction will succeed by discounting the kmem charges from the user
charges when we try to empty the cgroup.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can use static branches to patch the code in or out when not used.
Because the _ACTIVE bit on kmem_accounted is only set after the increment
is done, we guarantee that the root memcg will always be selected for kmem
charges until all call sites are patched (see memcg_kmem_enabled). This
guarantees that no mischarges are applied.
Static branch decrement happens when the last reference count from the
kmem accounting in memcg dies. This will only happen when the charges
drop down to 0.
When that happens, we need to disable the static branch only on those
memcgs that enabled it. To achieve this, we would be forced to complicate
the code by keeping track of which memcgs were the ones that actually
enabled limits, and which ones got it from its parents.
It is a lot simpler just to do static_key_slow_inc() on every child
that is accounted.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Because kmem charges can outlive the cgroup, we need to make sure that we
won't free the memcg structure while charges are still in flight. For
reviewing simplicity, the charge functions will issue mem_cgroup_get() at
every charge, and mem_cgroup_put() at every uncharge.
This can get expensive, however, and we can do better. mem_cgroup_get()
only really needs to be issued once: when the first limit is set. In the
same spirit, we only need to issue mem_cgroup_put() when the last charge
is gone.
We'll need an extra bit in kmem_account_flags for that:
KMEM_ACCOUNTED_DEAD. it will be set when the cgroup dies, if there are
charges in the group. If there aren't, we can proceed right away.
Our uncharge function will have to test that bit every time the charges
drop to 0. Because that is not the likely output of res_counter_uncharge,
this should not impose a big hit on us: it is certainly much better than a
reference count decrease at every operation.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a process tries to allocate a page with the __GFP_KMEMCG flag, the
page allocator will call the corresponding memcg functions to validate
the allocation. Tasks in the root memcg can always proceed.
To avoid adding markers to the page - and a kmem flag that would
necessarily follow, as much as doing page_cgroup lookups for no reason,
whoever is marking its allocations with __GFP_KMEMCG flag is responsible
for telling the page allocator that this is such an allocation at
free_pages() time. This is done by the invocation of
__free_accounted_pages() and free_accounted_pages().
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce infrastructure for tracking kernel memory pages to a given
memcg. This will happen whenever the caller includes the flag
__GFP_KMEMCG flag, and the task belong to a memcg other than the root.
In memcontrol.h those functions are wrapped in inline acessors. The idea
is to later on, patch those with static branches, so we don't incur any
overhead when no mem cgroups with limited kmem are being used.
Users of this functionality shall interact with the memcg core code
through the following functions:
memcg_kmem_newpage_charge: will return true if the group can handle the
allocation. At this point, struct page is not
yet allocated.
memcg_kmem_commit_charge: will either revert the charge, if struct page
allocation failed, or embed memcg information
into page_cgroup.
memcg_kmem_uncharge_page: called at free time, will revert the charge.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add the basic infrastructure for the accounting of kernel memory. To
control that, the following files are created:
* memory.kmem.usage_in_bytes
* memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes
* memory.kmem.failcnt
* memory.kmem.max_usage_in_bytes
They have the same meaning of their user memory counterparts. They
reflect the state of the "kmem" res_counter.
Per cgroup kmem memory accounting is not enabled until a limit is set for
the group. Once the limit is set the accounting cannot be disabled for
that group. This means that after the patch is applied, no behavioral
changes exists for whoever is still using memcg to control their memory
usage, until memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes is set for the first time.
We always account to both user and kernel resource_counters. This
effectively means that an independent kernel limit is in place when the
limit is set to a lower value than the user memory. A equal or higher
value means that the user limit will always hit first, meaning that kmem
is effectively unlimited.
People who want to track kernel memory but not limit it, can set this
limit to a very high number (like RESOURCE_MAX - 1page - that no one will
ever hit, or equal to the user memory)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: MEMCG_MMEM only works with slab and slub]
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is just a cleanup patch for clarity of expression. In earlier
submissions, people asked it to be in a separate patch, so here it is.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_do_charge() was written before kmem accounting, and expects
three cases: being called for 1 page, being called for a stock of 32
pages, or being called for a hugepage. If we call for 2 or 3 pages (and
both the stack and several slabs used in process creation are such, at
least with the debug options I had), it assumed it's being called for
stock and just retried without reclaiming.
Fix that by passing down a minsize argument in addition to the csize.
And what to do about that (csize == PAGE_SIZE && ret) retry? If it's
needed at all (and presumably is since it's there, perhaps to handle
races), then it should be extended to more than PAGE_SIZE, yet how far?
And should there be a retry count limit, of what? For now retry up to
COSTLY_ORDER (as page_alloc.c does) and make sure not to do it if
__GFP_NORETRY.
v4: fixed nr pages calculation pointed out by Christoph Lameter.
Signed-off-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We currently have a percpu stock cache scheme that charges one page at a
time from memcg->res, the user counter. When the kernel memory controller
comes into play, we'll need to charge more than that.
This is because kernel memory allocations will also draw from the user
counter, and can be bigger than a single page, as it is the case with the
stack (usually 2 pages) or some higher order slabs.
[glommer@parallels.com: added a changelog ]
Signed-off-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add help info for CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE and permit its selection.
This option allows the user to online all memory of a node as movable
memory. So that the whole node can be hotplugged. Users who don't use
the hotplug feature are also fine with this option on since they won't
online memory as movable.
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak help text]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While allocating pages using buddy allocator, the compound page is
probably split up to free pages. Under these circumstances, the compound
page should be destroyed by destroy_compound_page(). However, there is a
duplicate check to judge if the page is compound.
Remove the duplicate check since the compound_order() returns 0 when the
page doesn't have PG_head set in destroy_compound_page(). That is to say,
destroy_compound_page() needn't check PageHead().
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg:
"This contains preparational work from Christoph Lameter and Glauber
Costa for SLAB memcg and cleanups and improvements from Ezequiel
Garcia and Joonsoo Kim.
Please note that the SLOB cleanup commit from Arnd Bergmann already
appears in your tree but I had also merged it myself which is why it
shows up in the shortlog."
* 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
mm/sl[aou]b: Common alignment code
slab: Use the new create_boot_cache function to simplify bootstrap
slub: Use statically allocated kmem_cache boot structure for bootstrap
mm, sl[au]b: create common functions for boot slab creation
slab: Simplify bootstrap
slub: Use correct cpu_slab on dead cpu
mm: fix slab.c kernel-doc warnings
mm/slob: use min_t() to compare ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN
slab: Ignore internal flags in cache creation
mm/slob: Use free_page instead of put_page for page-size kmalloc allocations
mm/sl[aou]b: Move common kmem_cache_size() to slab.h
mm/slob: Use object_size field in kmem_cache_size()
mm/slob: Drop usage of page->private for storing page-sized allocations
slub: Commonize slab_cache field in struct page
sl[au]b: Process slabinfo_show in common code
mm/sl[au]b: Move print_slabinfo_header to slab_common.c
mm/sl[au]b: Move slabinfo processing to slab_common.c
slub: remove one code path and reduce lock contention in __slab_free()
Fix up a trivial merge conflict with commit baaf1dd ("mm/slob: use
min_t() to compare ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN") that did not go through the slab
tree.
Conflicts:
mm/slob.c
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Merge misc patches from Andrew Morton:
"Incoming:
- lots of misc stuff
- backlight tree updates
- lib/ updates
- Oleg's percpu-rwsem changes
- checkpatch
- rtc
- aoe
- more checkpoint/restart support
I still have a pile of MM stuff pending - Pekka should be merging
later today after which that is good to go. A number of other things
are twiddling thumbs awaiting maintainer merges."
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (180 commits)
scatterlist: don't BUG when we can trivially return a proper error.
docs: update documentation about /proc/<pid>/fdinfo/<fd> fanotify output
fs, fanotify: add @mflags field to fanotify output
docs: add documentation about /proc/<pid>/fdinfo/<fd> output
fs, notify: add procfs fdinfo helper
fs, exportfs: add exportfs_encode_inode_fh() helper
fs, exportfs: escape nil dereference if no s_export_op present
fs, epoll: add procfs fdinfo helper
fs, eventfd: add procfs fdinfo helper
procfs: add ability to plug in auxiliary fdinfo providers
tools/testing/selftests/kcmp/kcmp_test.c: print reason for failure in kcmp_test
breakpoint selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
kcmp selftests: print fail status instead of cause make error
kcmp selftests: make run_tests fix
mem-hotplug selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
cpu-hotplug selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
mqueue selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
vm selftests: print failure status instead of cause make error
ubifs: use prandom_bytes
mtd: nandsim: use prandom_bytes
...
This build error is currently hidden by the fact that the x86
implementation of 'update_mmu_cache_pmd()' is a macro that doesn't use
its last argument, but commit b32967ff10 ("mm: numa: Add THP migration
for the NUMA working set scanning fault case") introduced a call with
the wrong third argument.
In the akpm tree, it causes this build error:
mm/migrate.c: In function 'migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page_put':
mm/migrate.c:1666:2: error: incompatible type for argument 3 of 'update_mmu_cache_pmd'
arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h:792:20: note: expected 'struct pmd_t *' but argument is of type 'pmd_t'
Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
But the kernel decided to call it "origin" instead. Fix most of the
sites.
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
gcc-4.4.4 screws this up.
mm/memory.c: In function 'do_pmd_numa_page':
mm/memory.c:3594: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 8fa72d234d.
People disagree about how this should be done, so let's revert this for
now so that nobody starts using the new tuning interface. Tejun is
thinking about a more generic interface for thread pool affinity.
Requested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull block layer core updates from Jens Axboe:
"Here are the core block IO bits for 3.8. The branch contains:
- The final version of the surprise device removal fixups from Bart.
- Don't hide EFI partitions under advanced partition types. It's
fairly wide spread these days. This is especially dangerous for
systems that have both msdos and efi partition tables, where you
want to keep them in sync.
- Cleanup of using -1 instead of the proper NUMA_NO_NODE
- Export control of bdi flusher thread CPU mask and default to using
the home node (if known) from Jeff.
- Export unplug tracepoint for MD.
- Core improvements from Shaohua. Reinstate the recursive merge, as
the original bug has been fixed. Add plugging for discard and also
fix a problem handling non pow-of-2 discard limits.
There's a trivial merge in block/blk-exec.c due to a fix that went
into 3.7-rc at a later point than -rc4 where this is based."
* 'for-3.8/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
block: export block_unplug tracepoint
block: add plug for blkdev_issue_discard
block: discard granularity might not be power of 2
deadline: Allow 0ms deadline latency, increase the read speed
partitions: enable EFI/GPT support by default
bsg: Remove unused function bsg_goose_queue()
block: Make blk_cleanup_queue() wait until request_fn finished
block: Avoid scheduling delayed work on a dead queue
block: Avoid that request_fn is invoked on a dead queue
block: Let blk_drain_queue() caller obtain the queue lock
block: Rename queue dead flag
bdi: add a user-tunable cpu_list for the bdi flusher threads
block: use NUMA_NO_NODE instead of -1
block: recursive merge requests
block CFQ: avoid moving request to different queue
Andrea's autonuma-benchmark numa01 hits kernel BUG at huge_memory.c:1474!
in change_huge_pmd called from change_protection from change_prot_numa
from task_numa_work.
That BUG, introduced in the huge zero page commit cad7f613c4 ("thp:
change_huge_pmd(): make sure we don't try to make a page writable")
was trying to verify that newprot never adds write permission to an
anonymous huge page; but Automatic NUMA Balancing's 4b10e7d562 ("mm:
mempolicy: Implement change_prot_numa() in terms of change_protection()")
adds a new prot_numa path into change_huge_pmd(), which makes no use of
the newprot provided, and may retain the write bit in the pmd.
Just move the BUG_ON(pmd_write(entry)) up into the !prot_numa block.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma
Pull Automatic NUMA Balancing bare-bones from Mel Gorman:
"There are three implementations for NUMA balancing, this tree
(balancenuma), numacore which has been developed in tip/master and
autonuma which is in aa.git.
In almost all respects balancenuma is the dumbest of the three because
its main impact is on the VM side with no attempt to be smart about
scheduling. In the interest of getting the ball rolling, it would be
desirable to see this much merged for 3.8 with the view to building
scheduler smarts on top and adapting the VM where required for 3.9.
The most recent set of comparisons available from different people are
mel: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/9/108
mingo: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/7/331
tglx: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/437
srikar: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/397
The results are a mixed bag. In my own tests, balancenuma does
reasonably well. It's dumb as rocks and does not regress against
mainline. On the other hand, Ingo's tests shows that balancenuma is
incapable of converging for this workloads driven by perf which is bad
but is potentially explained by the lack of scheduler smarts. Thomas'
results show balancenuma improves on mainline but falls far short of
numacore or autonuma. Srikar's results indicate we all suffer on a
large machine with imbalanced node sizes.
My own testing showed that recent numacore results have improved
dramatically, particularly in the last week but not universally.
We've butted heads heavily on system CPU usage and high levels of
migration even when it shows that overall performance is better.
There are also cases where it regresses. Of interest is that for
specjbb in some configurations it will regress for lower numbers of
warehouses and show gains for higher numbers which is not reported by
the tool by default and sometimes missed in treports. Recently I
reported for numacore that the JVM was crashing with
NullPointerExceptions but currently it's unclear what the source of
this problem is. Initially I thought it was in how numacore batch
handles PTEs but I'm no longer think this is the case. It's possible
numacore is just able to trigger it due to higher rates of migration.
These reports were quite late in the cycle so I/we would like to start
with this tree as it contains much of the code we can agree on and has
not changed significantly over the last 2-3 weeks."
* tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma: (50 commits)
mm/rmap, migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable
mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem
mm: migrate: Account a transhuge page properly when rate limiting
mm: numa: Account for failed allocations and isolations as migration failures
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case build fix
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
mm: sched: numa: Delay PTE scanning until a task is scheduled on a new node
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing if !SCHED_DEBUG
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing
mm: sched: Adapt the scanning rate if a NUMA hinting fault does not migrate
mm: numa: Use a two-stage filter to restrict pages being migrated for unlikely task<->node relationships
mm: numa: migrate: Set last_nid on newly allocated page
mm: numa: split_huge_page: Transfer last_nid on tail page
mm: numa: Introduce last_nid to the page frame
sched: numa: Slowly increase the scanning period as NUMA faults are handled
mm: numa: Rate limit setting of pte_numa if node is saturated
mm: numa: Rate limit the amount of memory that is migrated between nodes
mm: numa: Structures for Migrate On Fault per NUMA migration rate limiting
mm: numa: Migrate pages handled during a pmd_numa hinting fault
mm: numa: Migrate on reference policy
...
Merge misc VM changes from Andrew Morton:
"The rest of most-of-MM. The other MM bits await a slab merge.
This patch includes the addition of a huge zero_page. Not a
performance boost but it an save large amounts of physical memory in
some situations.
Also a bunch of Fujitsu engineers are working on memory hotplug.
Which, as it turns out, was badly broken. About half of their patches
are included here; the remainder are 3.8 material."
However, this merge disables CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE, which was totally
broken. We don't add new features with "default y", nor do we add
Kconfig questions that are incomprehensible to most people without any
help text. Does the feature even make sense without compaction or
memory hotplug?
* akpm: (54 commits)
mm/bootmem.c: remove unused wrapper function reserve_bootmem_generic()
mm/memory.c: remove unused code from do_wp_page()
asm-generic, mm: pgtable: consolidate zero page helpers
mm/hugetlb.c: fix warning on freeing hwpoisoned hugepage
hwpoison, hugetlbfs: fix RSS-counter warning
hwpoison, hugetlbfs: fix "bad pmd" warning in unmapping hwpoisoned hugepage
mm: protect against concurrent vma expansion
memcg: do not check for mm in __mem_cgroup_count_vm_event
tmpfs: support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE (reprise)
mm: provide more accurate estimation of pages occupied by memmap
fs/buffer.c: remove redundant initialization in alloc_page_buffers()
fs/buffer.c: do not inline exported function
writeback: fix a typo in comment
mm: introduce new field "managed_pages" to struct zone
mm, oom: remove statically defined arch functions of same name
mm, oom: remove redundant sleep in pagefault oom handler
mm, oom: cleanup pagefault oom handler
memory_hotplug: allow online/offline memory to result movable node
numa: add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE for movable-dedicated node
mm, memcg: avoid unnecessary function call when memcg is disabled
...
Pull trivial branch from Jiri Kosina:
"Usual stuff -- comment/printk typo fixes, documentation updates, dead
code elimination."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (39 commits)
HOWTO: fix double words typo
x86 mtrr: fix comment typo in mtrr_bp_init
propagate name change to comments in kernel source
doc: Update the name of profiling based on sysfs
treewide: Fix typos in various drivers
treewide: Fix typos in various Kconfig
wireless: mwifiex: Fix typo in wireless/mwifiex driver
messages: i2o: Fix typo in messages/i2o
scripts/kernel-doc: check that non-void fcts describe their return value
Kernel-doc: Convention: Use a "Return" section to describe return values
radeon: Fix typo and copy/paste error in comments
doc: Remove unnecessary declarations from Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c
various: Fix spelling of "asynchronous" in comments.
Fix misspellings of "whether" in comments.
eisa: Fix spelling of "asynchronous".
various: Fix spelling of "registered" in comments.
doc: fix quite a few typos within Documentation
target: iscsi: fix comment typos in target/iscsi drivers
treewide: fix typo of "suport" in various comments and Kconfig
treewide: fix typo of "suppport" in various comments
...
reserve_bootmem_generic() has no caller,
Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page_mkwrite is initalized with zero and only set once, from that point
exists no way to get to the oom or oom_free_new labels.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Dominik Dingel <dingel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have two different implementation of is_zero_pfn() and my_zero_pfn()
helpers: for architectures with and without zero page coloring.
Let's consolidate them in <asm-generic/pgtable.h>.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix the warning from __list_del_entry() which is triggered when a process
tries to do free_huge_page() for a hwpoisoned hugepage.
free_huge_page() can be called for hwpoisoned hugepage from
unpoison_memory(). This function gets refcount once and clears
PageHWPoison, and then puts refcount twice to return the hugepage back to
free pool. The second put_page() finally reaches free_huge_page().
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory error handling on hugepages can break a RSS counter, which emits a
message like "Bad rss-counter state mm:ffff88040abecac0 idx:1 val:-1".
This is because PageAnon returns true for hugepage (this behavior is
necessary for reverse mapping to work on hugetlbfs).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up code layout]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a process which used a hwpoisoned hugepage tries to exit() or
munmap(), the kernel can print out "bad pmd" message because page table
walker in free_pgtables() encounters 'hwpoisoned entry' on pmd.
This is because currently we fail to clear the hwpoisoned entry in
__unmap_hugepage_range(), so this patch simply does it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
expand_stack() runs with a shared mmap_sem lock. Because of this, there
could be multiple concurrent stack expansions in the same mm, which may
cause problems in the vma gap update code.
I propose to solve this by taking the mm->page_table_lock around such vma
expansions, in order to avoid the concurrency issue. We only have to
worry about concurrent expand_stack() calls here, since we hold a shared
mmap_sem lock and all vma modificaitons other than expand_stack() are done
under an exclusive mmap_sem lock.
I previously tried to achieve the same effect by making sure all growable
vmas in a given mm would share the same anon_vma, which we already lock
here. However this turned out to be difficult - all of the schemes I
tried for refcounting the growable anon_vma and clearing turned out ugly.
So, I'm now proposing only the minimal fix.
The overhead of taking the page table lock during stack expansion is
expected to be small: glibc doesn't use expandable stacks for the threads
it creates, so having multiple growable stacks is actually uncommon and we
don't expect the page table lock to get bounced between threads.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The mm given to __mem_cgroup_count_vm_event() cannot be NULL because the
function is either called from the page fault path or vma->vm_mm is used.
So the check can be dropped.
The check was introduced by commit 456f998ec8 ("memcg: add the
pagefault count into memcg stats") because the originally proposed patch
used current->mm for shmem but this has been changed to vma->vm_mm later
on without the check being removed (thanks to Hugh for this
recollection).
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Revert 3.5's commit f21f806220 ("tmpfs: revert SEEK_DATA and
SEEK_HOLE") to reinstate 4fb5ef089b ("tmpfs: support SEEK_DATA and
SEEK_HOLE"), with the intervening additional arg to
generic_file_llseek_size().
In 3.8, ext4 is expected to join btrfs, ocfs2 and xfs with proper
SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE support; and a good case has now been made for
it on tmpfs, so let's join the party.
It's quite easy for tmpfs to scan the radix_tree to support llseek's new
SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE options: so add them while the minutiae are
still on my mind (in particular, the !PageUptodate-ness of pages
fallocated but still unwritten).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning with CONFIG_TMPFS=n]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Hanse <jaegeuk.hanse@gmail.com>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Cc: Jeff liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@fusionio.com>
Cc: Sunil Mushran <sunil.mushran@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If SPARSEMEM is enabled, it won't build page structures for non-existing
pages (holes) within a zone, so provide a more accurate estimation of
pages occupied by memmap if there are bigger holes within the zone.
And pages for highmem zones' memmap will be allocated from lowmem, so
charge nr_kernel_pages for that.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: mark calc_memmap_size __paging_init]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently a zone's present_pages is calcuated as below, which is
inaccurate and may cause trouble to memory hotplug.
spanned_pages - absent_pages - memmap_pages - dma_reserve.
During fixing bugs caused by inaccurate zone->present_pages, we found
zone->present_pages has been abused. The field zone->present_pages may
have different meanings in different contexts:
1) pages existing in a zone.
2) pages managed by the buddy system.
For more discussions about the issue, please refer to:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/11/5/866https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/1346751/
This patchset tries to introduce a new field named "managed_pages" to
struct zone, which counts "pages managed by the buddy system". And revert
zone->present_pages to count "physical pages existing in a zone", which
also keep in consistence with pgdat->node_present_pages.
We will set an initial value for zone->managed_pages in function
free_area_init_core() and will adjust it later if the initial value is
inaccurate.
For DMA/normal zones, the initial value is set to:
(spanned_pages - absent_pages - memmap_pages - dma_reserve)
Later zone->managed_pages will be adjusted to the accurate value when the
bootmem allocator frees all free pages to the buddy system in function
free_all_bootmem_node() and free_all_bootmem().
The bootmem allocator doesn't touch highmem pages, so highmem zones'
managed_pages is set to the accurate value "spanned_pages - absent_pages"
in function free_area_init_core() and won't be updated anymore.
This patch also adds a new field "managed_pages" to /proc/zoneinfo
and sysrq showmem.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: small comment tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
out_of_memory() will already cause current to schedule if it has not been
killed, so doing it again in pagefault_out_of_memory() is redundant.
Remove it.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To lock the entire system from parallel oom killing, it's possible to pass
in a zonelist with all zones rather than using for_each_populated_zone()
for the iteration. This obsoletes try_set_system_oom() and
clear_system_oom() so that they can be removed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, memory management can handle movable node or nodes which don't have
any normal memory, so we can dynamic configure and add movable node by:
online a ZONE_MOVABLE memory from a previous offline node
offline the last normal memory which result a non-normal-memory-node
movable-node is very important for power-saving, hardware partitioning and
high-available-system(hardware fault management).
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need a node which only contains movable memory. This feature is very
important for node hotplug. If a node has normal/highmem, the memory may
be used by the kernel and can't be offlined. If the node only contains
movable memory, we can offline the memory and the node.
All are prepared, we can actually introduce N_MEMORY.
add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE make we can use it for movable-dedicated node
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix Kconfig text]
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While profiling numa/core v16 with cgroup_disable=memory on the command
line, I noticed mem_cgroup_count_vm_event() still showed up as high as
0.60% in perftop.
This occurs because the function is called extremely often even when memcg
is disabled.
To fix this, inline the check for mem_cgroup_disabled() so we avoid the
unnecessary function call if memcg is disabled.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During reviewing the source code, I found a comment which mention that
after f_op->mmap(), vma's start address can be changed. I didn't verify
that it is really possible, because there are so many f_op->mmap()
implementation. But if there are some mmap() which change vma's start
address, it is possible error situation, because we already prepare prev
vma, rb_link and rb_parent and these are related to original address.
So add WARN_ON_ONCE for finding that this situtation really happens.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Since we introduced N_MEMORY, we update the initialization of node_states.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__alloc_contig_migrate_range() should use all possible ways to get all the
pages migrated from the given memory range, so pruning per-cpu lru lists
for all CPUs is required, regadless the cost of such operation. Otherwise
some pages which got stuck at per-cpu lru list might get missed by
migration procedure causing the contiguous allocation to fail.
Reported-by: SeongHwan Yoon <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
compact_capture_page() is only used if compaction is enabled so it should
be moved into the corresponding #ifdef.
Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@avionic-design.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pmd value is stable only with mm->page_table_lock taken. After taking
the lock we need to check that nobody modified the pmd before changing it.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
By default kernel tries to use huge zero page on read page fault. It's
possible to disable huge zero page by writing 0 or enable it back by
writing 1:
echo 0 >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/use_zero_page
echo 1 >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/use_zero_page
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hzp_alloc is incremented every time a huge zero page is successfully
allocated. It includes allocations which where dropped due
race with other allocation. Note, it doesn't count every map
of the huge zero page, only its allocation.
hzp_alloc_failed is incremented if kernel fails to allocate huge zero
page and falls back to using small pages.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
H. Peter Anvin doesn't like huge zero page which sticks in memory forever
after the first allocation. Here's implementation of lockless refcounting
for huge zero page.
We have two basic primitives: {get,put}_huge_zero_page(). They
manipulate reference counter.
If counter is 0, get_huge_zero_page() allocates a new huge page and takes
two references: one for caller and one for shrinker. We free the page
only in shrinker callback if counter is 1 (only shrinker has the
reference).
put_huge_zero_page() only decrements counter. Counter is never zero in
put_huge_zero_page() since shrinker holds on reference.
Freeing huge zero page in shrinker callback helps to avoid frequent
allocate-free.
Refcounting has cost. On 4 socket machine I observe ~1% slowdown on
parallel (40 processes) read page faulting comparing to lazy huge page
allocation. I think it's pretty reasonable for synthetic benchmark.
[lliubbo@gmail.com: fix mismerge]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of allocating huge zero page on hugepage_init() we can postpone it
until first huge zero page map. It saves memory if THP is not in use.
cmpxchg() is used to avoid race on huge_zero_pfn initialization.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All code paths seems covered. Now we can map huge zero page on read page
fault.
We setup it in do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() if area around fault address
is suitable for THP and we've got read page fault.
If we fail to setup huge zero page (ENOMEM) we fallback to
handle_pte_fault() as we normally do in THP.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can't split huge zero page itself (and it's bug if we try), but we
can split the pmd which points to it.
On splitting the pmd we create a table with all ptes set to normal zero
page.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build error]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pass vma instead of mm and add address parameter.
In most cases we already have vma on the stack. We provides
split_huge_page_pmd_mm() for few cases when we have mm, but not vma.
This change is preparation to huge zero pmd splitting implementation.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mprotect core never tries to make page writable using change_huge_pmd().
Let's add an assert that the assumption is true. It's important to be
sure we will not make huge zero page writable.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On write access to huge zero page we alloc a new huge page and clear it.
If ENOMEM, graceful fallback: we create a new pmd table and set pte around
fault address to newly allocated normal (4k) page. All other ptes in the
pmd set to normal zero page.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's easy to copy huge zero page. Just set destination pmd to huge zero
page.
It's safe to copy huge zero page since we have none yet :-p
[rientjes@google.com: fix comment]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We don't have a mapped page to zap in huge zero page case. Let's just clear
pmd and remove it from tlb.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During testing I noticed big (up to 2.5 times) memory consumption overhead
on some workloads (e.g. ft.A from NPB) if THP is enabled.
The main reason for that big difference is lacking zero page in THP case.
We have to allocate a real page on read page fault.
A program to demonstrate the issue:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MB 1024*1024
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *p;
int i;
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 200 * MB);
for (i = 0; i < 200 * MB; i+= 4096)
assert(p[i] == 0);
pause();
return 0;
}
With thp-never RSS is about 400k, but with thp-always it's 200M. After
the patcheset thp-always RSS is 400k too.
Design overview.
Huge zero page (hzp) is a non-movable huge page (2M on x86-64) filled with
zeros. The way how we allocate it changes in the patchset:
- [01/10] simplest way: hzp allocated on boot time in hugepage_init();
- [09/10] lazy allocation on first use;
- [10/10] lockless refcounting + shrinker-reclaimable hzp;
We setup it in do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() if area around fault address
is suitable for THP and we've got read page fault. If we fail to setup
hzp (ENOMEM) we fallback to handle_pte_fault() as we normally do in THP.
On wp fault to hzp we allocate real memory for the huge page and clear it.
If ENOMEM, graceful fallback: we create a new pmd table and set pte
around fault address to newly allocated normal (4k) page. All other ptes
in the pmd set to normal zero page.
We cannot split hzp (and it's bug if we try), but we can split the pmd
which points to it. On splitting the pmd we create a table with all ptes
set to normal zero page.
===
By hpa's request I've tried alternative approach for hzp implementation
(see Virtual huge zero page patchset): pmd table with all entries set to
zero page. This way should be more cache friendly, but it increases TLB
pressure.
The problem with virtual huge zero page: it requires per-arch enabling.
We need a way to mark that pmd table has all ptes set to zero page.
Some numbers to compare two implementations (on 4s Westmere-EX):
Mirobenchmark1
==============
test:
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 8 * GB);
for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
assert(memcmp(p, p + 4*GB, 4*GB) == 0);
asm volatile ("": : :"memory");
}
hzp:
Performance counter stats for './test_memcmp' (5 runs):
32356.272845 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.13% )
40 context-switches # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 0.94% )
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
4,218 page-faults # 0.130 K/sec ( +- 0.00% )
76,712,481,765 cycles # 2.371 GHz ( +- 0.13% ) [83.31%]
36,279,577,636 stalled-cycles-frontend # 47.29% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.28% ) [83.35%]
1,684,049,110 stalled-cycles-backend # 2.20% backend cycles idle ( +- 2.96% ) [66.67%]
134,355,715,816 instructions # 1.75 insns per cycle
# 0.27 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.10% ) [83.35%]
13,526,169,702 branches # 418.039 M/sec ( +- 0.10% ) [83.31%]
1,058,230 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 0.91% ) [83.36%]
32.413866442 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.13% )
vhzp:
Performance counter stats for './test_memcmp' (5 runs):
30327.183829 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.13% )
38 context-switches # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 1.53% )
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
4,218 page-faults # 0.139 K/sec ( +- 0.01% )
71,964,773,660 cycles # 2.373 GHz ( +- 0.13% ) [83.35%]
31,191,284,231 stalled-cycles-frontend # 43.34% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.40% ) [83.32%]
773,484,474 stalled-cycles-backend # 1.07% backend cycles idle ( +- 6.61% ) [66.67%]
134,982,215,437 instructions # 1.88 insns per cycle
# 0.23 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.11% ) [83.32%]
13,509,150,683 branches # 445.447 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [83.34%]
1,017,667 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 1.07% ) [83.32%]
30.381324695 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.13% )
Mirobenchmark2
==============
test:
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 8 * GB);
for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
char *_p = p;
while (_p < p+4*GB) {
assert(*_p == *(_p+4*GB));
_p += 4096;
asm volatile ("": : :"memory");
}
}
hzp:
Performance counter stats for 'taskset -c 0 ./test_memcmp2' (5 runs):
3505.727639 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.26% )
9 context-switches # 0.003 K/sec ( +- 4.97% )
4,384 page-faults # 0.001 M/sec ( +- 0.00% )
8,318,482,466 cycles # 2.373 GHz ( +- 0.26% ) [33.31%]
5,134,318,786 stalled-cycles-frontend # 61.72% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.42% ) [33.32%]
2,193,266,208 stalled-cycles-backend # 26.37% backend cycles idle ( +- 5.51% ) [33.33%]
9,494,670,537 instructions # 1.14 insns per cycle
# 0.54 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.13% ) [41.68%]
2,108,522,738 branches # 601.451 M/sec ( +- 0.09% ) [41.68%]
158,746 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 1.60% ) [41.71%]
3,168,102,115 L1-dcache-loads
# 903.693 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [41.70%]
1,048,710,998 L1-dcache-misses
# 33.10% of all L1-dcache hits ( +- 0.11% ) [41.72%]
1,047,699,685 LLC-load
# 298.854 M/sec ( +- 0.03% ) [33.38%]
2,287 LLC-misses
# 0.00% of all LL-cache hits ( +- 8.27% ) [33.37%]
3,166,187,367 dTLB-loads
# 903.147 M/sec ( +- 0.02% ) [33.35%]
4,266,538 dTLB-misses
# 0.13% of all dTLB cache hits ( +- 0.03% ) [33.33%]
3.513339813 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.26% )
vhzp:
Performance counter stats for 'taskset -c 0 ./test_memcmp2' (5 runs):
27313.891128 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.24% )
62 context-switches # 0.002 K/sec ( +- 0.61% )
4,384 page-faults # 0.160 K/sec ( +- 0.01% )
64,747,374,606 cycles # 2.370 GHz ( +- 0.24% ) [33.33%]
61,341,580,278 stalled-cycles-frontend # 94.74% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.26% ) [33.33%]
56,702,237,511 stalled-cycles-backend # 87.57% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.07% ) [33.33%]
10,033,724,846 instructions # 0.15 insns per cycle
# 6.11 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.09% ) [41.65%]
2,190,424,932 branches # 80.195 M/sec ( +- 0.12% ) [41.66%]
1,028,630 branch-misses # 0.05% of all branches ( +- 1.50% ) [41.66%]
3,302,006,540 L1-dcache-loads
# 120.891 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [41.68%]
271,374,358 L1-dcache-misses
# 8.22% of all L1-dcache hits ( +- 0.04% ) [41.66%]
20,385,476 LLC-load
# 0.746 M/sec ( +- 1.64% ) [33.34%]
76,754 LLC-misses
# 0.38% of all LL-cache hits ( +- 2.35% ) [33.34%]
3,309,927,290 dTLB-loads
# 121.181 M/sec ( +- 0.03% ) [33.34%]
2,098,967,427 dTLB-misses
# 63.41% of all dTLB cache hits ( +- 0.03% ) [33.34%]
27.364448741 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.24% )
===
I personally prefer implementation present in this patchset. It doesn't
touch arch-specific code.
This patch:
Huge zero page (hzp) is a non-movable huge page (2M on x86-64) filled with
zeros.
For now let's allocate the page on hugepage_init(). We'll switch to lazy
allocation later.
We are not going to map the huge zero page until we can handle it properly
on all code paths.
is_huge_zero_{pfn,pmd}() functions will be used by following patches to
check whether the pfn/pmd is huge zero page.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The name of this function is not suitable, and removing the function and
open-coding it into each call sites makes the code more understandable.
Additionally, we shouldn't do an allocation from bootmem when
slab_is_available(), so directly return kmalloc()'s return value.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no implementation of bootmem_arch_preferred_node() and a call to
this function will cause a compilation error. So remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull cgroup changes from Tejun Heo:
"A lot of activities on cgroup side. The big changes are focused on
making cgroup hierarchy handling saner.
- cgroup_rmdir() had peculiar semantics - it allowed cgroup
destruction to be vetoed by individual controllers and tried to
drain refcnt synchronously. The vetoing never worked properly and
caused good deal of contortions in cgroup. memcg was the last
reamining user. Michal Hocko removed the usage and cgroup_rmdir()
path has been simplified significantly. This was done in a
separate branch so that the memcg people can base further memcg
changes on top.
- The above allowed cleaning up cgroup lifecycle management and
implementation of generic cgroup iterators which are used to
improve hierarchy support.
- cgroup_freezer updated to allow migration in and out of a frozen
cgroup and handle hierarchy. If a cgroup is frozen, all descendant
cgroups are frozen.
- netcls_cgroup and netprio_cgroup updated to handle hierarchy
properly.
- Various fixes and cleanups.
- Two merge commits. One to pull in memcg and rmdir cleanups (needed
to build iterators). The other pulled in cgroup/for-3.7-fixes for
device_cgroup fixes so that further device_cgroup patches can be
stacked on top."
Fixed up a trivial conflict in mm/memcontrol.c as per Tejun (due to
commit bea8c150a7 ("memcg: fix hotplugged memory zone oops") in master
touching code close to commit 2ef37d3fe4 ("memcg: Simplify
mem_cgroup_force_empty_list error handling") in for-3.8)
* 'for-3.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (65 commits)
cgroup: update Documentation/cgroups/00-INDEX
cgroup_rm_file: don't delete the uncreated files
cgroup: remove subsystem files when remounting cgroup
cgroup: use cgroup_addrm_files() in cgroup_clear_directory()
cgroup: warn about broken hierarchies only after css_online
cgroup: list_del_init() on removed events
cgroup: fix lockdep warning for event_control
cgroup: move list add after list head initilization
netprio_cgroup: allow nesting and inherit config on cgroup creation
netprio_cgroup: implement netprio[_set]_prio() helpers
netprio_cgroup: use cgroup->id instead of cgroup_netprio_state->prioidx
netprio_cgroup: reimplement priomap expansion
netprio_cgroup: shorten variable names in extend_netdev_table()
netprio_cgroup: simplify write_priomap()
netcls_cgroup: move config inheritance to ->css_online() and remove .broken_hierarchy marking
cgroup: remove obsolete guarantee from cgroup_task_migrate.
cgroup: add cgroup->id
cgroup, cpuset: remove cgroup_subsys->post_clone()
cgroup: s/CGRP_CLONE_CHILDREN/CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN/
cgroup: rename ->create/post_create/pre_destroy/destroy() to ->css_alloc/online/offline/free()
...
Pull percpu changes from Tejun Heo:
"Nothing exciting here either. Joonsoo's is almost cosmetic. Cyrill's
patch fixes "percpu_alloc" early kernel param handling so that the
kernel doesn't crash when the parameter is specified w/o any argument."
* 'for-3.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu:
mm, percpu: Make sure percpu_alloc early parameter has an argument
percpu: make pcpu_free_chunk() use pcpu_mem_free() instead of kfree()
Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
"About half of most of MM. Going very early this time due to
uncertainty over the coreautounifiednumasched things. I'll send the
other half of most of MM tomorrow. The rest of MM awaits a slab merge
from Pekka."
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton: (71 commits)
memory_hotplug: ensure every online node has NORMAL memory
memory_hotplug: handle empty zone when online_movable/online_kernel
mm, memory-hotplug: dynamic configure movable memory and portion memory
drivers/base/node.c: cleanup node_state_attr[]
bootmem: fix wrong call parameter for free_bootmem()
avr32, kconfig: remove HAVE_ARCH_BOOTMEM
mm: cma: remove watermark hacks
mm: cma: skip watermarks check for already isolated blocks in split_free_page()
mm, oom: fix race when specifying a thread as the oom origin
mm, oom: change type of oom_score_adj to short
mm: cleanup register_node()
mm, mempolicy: remove duplicate code
mm/vmscan.c: try_to_freeze() returns boolean
mm: introduce putback_movable_pages()
virtio_balloon: introduce migration primitives to balloon pages
mm: introduce compaction and migration for ballooned pages
mm: introduce a common interface for balloon pages mobility
mm: redefine address_space.assoc_mapping
mm: adjust address_space_operations.migratepage() return code
arch/sparc/kernel/sys_sparc_64.c: s/COLOUR/COLOR/
...
Old memory hotplug code and new online/movable may cause a online node
don't have any normal memory, but memory-management acts bad when we have
nodes which is online but don't have any normal memory. Example: it may
cause a bound task fail on all kernel allocation and cause the task can't
create task or create other kernel object.
So we disable non-normal-memory-node here, we will enable it when we
prepared.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make online_movable/online_kernel can empty a zone or can move memory to a
empty zone.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add online_movable and online_kernel for logic memory hotplug. This is
the dynamic version of "movablecore" & "kernelcore".
We have the same reason to introduce it as to introduce "movablecore" &
"kernelcore". It has the same motive as "movablecore" & "kernelcore", but
it is dynamic/running-time:
o We can configure memory as kernelcore or movablecore after boot.
Userspace workload is increased, we need more hugepage, we can't use
"online_movable" to add memory and allow the system use more
THP(transparent-huge-page), vice-verse when kernel workload is increase.
Also help for virtualization to dynamic configure host/guest's memory,
to save/(reduce waste) memory.
Memory capacity on Demand
o When a new node is physically online after boot, we need to use
"online_movable" or "online_kernel" to configure/portion it as we
expected when we logic-online it.
This configuration also helps for physically-memory-migrate.
o all benefit as the same as existed "movablecore" & "kernelcore".
o Preparing for movable-node, which is very important for power-saving,
hardware partitioning and high-available-system(hardware fault
management).
(Note, we don't introduce movable-node here.)
Action behavior:
When a memoryblock/memorysection is onlined by "online_movable", the kernel
will not have directly reference to the page of the memoryblock,
thus we can remove that memory any time when needed.
When it is online by "online_kernel", the kernel can use it.
When it is online by "online", the zone type doesn't changed.
Current constraints:
Only the memoryblock which is adjacent to the ZONE_MOVABLE
can be online from ZONE_NORMAL to ZONE_MOVABLE.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use min_t, cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is strange that alloc_bootmem() returns a virtual address and
free_bootmem() requires a physical address. Anyway, free_bootmem()'s
first parameter should be physical address.
There are some call sites for free_bootmem() with virtual address. So fix
them.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: improve free_bootmem() and free_bootmem_pate() documentation]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commits 2139cbe627 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages") and
d95ea5d18e ("cma: fix watermark checking") introduced a reliable
method of free page accounting when memory is being allocated from CMA
regions, so the workaround introduced earlier by commit 49f223a9cd
("mm: trigger page reclaim in alloc_contig_range() to stabilise
watermarks") can be finally removed.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 2139cbe627 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages") free
pages in isolated pageblocks are not accounted to NR_FREE_PAGES counters,
so watermarks check is not required if one operates on a free page in
isolated pageblock.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
test_set_oom_score_adj() and compare_swap_oom_score_adj() are used to
specify that current should be killed first if an oom condition occurs in
between the two calls.
The usage is
short oom_score_adj = test_set_oom_score_adj(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX);
...
compare_swap_oom_score_adj(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX, oom_score_adj);
to store the thread's oom_score_adj, temporarily change it to the maximum
score possible, and then restore the old value if it is still the same.
This happens to still be racy, however, if the user writes
OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX to /proc/pid/oom_score_adj in between the two calls.
The compare_swap_oom_score_adj() will then incorrectly reset the old value
prior to the write of OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX.
To fix this, introduce a new oom_flags_t member in struct signal_struct
that will be used for per-thread oom killer flags. KSM and swapoff can
now use a bit in this member to specify that threads should be killed
first in oom conditions without playing around with oom_score_adj.
This also allows the correct oom_score_adj to always be shown when reading
/proc/pid/oom_score.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The maximum oom_score_adj is 1000 and the minimum oom_score_adj is -1000,
so this range can be represented by the signed short type with no
functional change. The extra space this frees up in struct signal_struct
will be used for per-thread oom kill flags in the next patch.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kswapd()->try_to_freeze() is defined to return a boolean, so it's better
to use a bool to hold its return value.
Signed-off-by: Jie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The PATCH "mm: introduce compaction and migration for virtio ballooned pages"
hacks around putback_lru_pages() in order to allow ballooned pages to be
re-inserted on balloon page list as if a ballooned page was like a LRU page.
As ballooned pages are not legitimate LRU pages, this patch introduces
putback_movable_pages() to properly cope with cases where the isolated
pageset contains ballooned pages and LRU pages, thus fixing the mentioned
inelegant hack around putback_lru_pages().
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly
the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest,
thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of
transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload.
This patch introduces the helper functions as well as the necessary changes
to teach compaction and migration bits how to cope with pages which are
part of a guest memory balloon, in order to make them movable by memory
compaction procedures.
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly
the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest,
thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of
transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload.
This patch introduces a common interface to help a balloon driver on
making its page set movable to compaction, and thus allowing the system
to better leverage the compation efforts on memory defragmentation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP, s/__balloon_page_flags/page_flags_cleared/, small cleanups]
[rientjes@google.com: allow balloon compaction for any system with memory compaction enabled, which is the defconfig]
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly
the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a
guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced
number of transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload.
This patch-set follows the main idea discussed at 2012 LSFMMS session:
"Ballooning for transparent huge pages" -- http://lwn.net/Articles/490114/
to introduce the required changes to the virtio_balloon driver, as well as
the changes to the core compaction & migration bits, in order to make
those subsystems aware of ballooned pages and allow memory balloon pages
become movable within a guest, thus avoiding the aforementioned
fragmentation issue
Following are numbers that prove this patch benefits on allowing
compaction to be more effective at memory ballooned guests.
Results for STRESS-HIGHALLOC benchmark, from Mel Gorman's mmtests suite,
running on a 4gB RAM KVM guest which was ballooning 512mB RAM in 64mB
chunks, at every minute (inflating/deflating), while test was running:
===BEGIN stress-highalloc
STRESS-HIGHALLOC
highalloc-3.7 highalloc-3.7
rc4-clean rc4-patch
Pass 1 55.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 7.00%)
Pass 2 54.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 8.00%)
while Rested 75.00 ( 0.00%) 80.00 ( 5.00%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
3.7 3.7
rc4-clean rc4-patch
User 1207.59 1207.46
System 1300.55 1299.61
Elapsed 2273.72 2157.06
MMTests Statistics: vmstat
3.7 3.7
rc4-clean rc4-patch
Page Ins 3581516 2374368
Page Outs 11148692 10410332
Swap Ins 80 47
Swap Outs 3641 476
Direct pages scanned 37978 33826
Kswapd pages scanned 1828245 1342869
Kswapd pages reclaimed 1710236 1304099
Direct pages reclaimed 32207 31005
Kswapd efficiency 93% 97%
Kswapd velocity 804.077 622.546
Direct efficiency 84% 91%
Direct velocity 16.703 15.682
Percentage direct scans 2% 2%
Page writes by reclaim 79252 9704
Page writes file 75611 9228
Page writes anon 3641 476
Page reclaim immediate 16764 11014
Page rescued immediate 0 0
Slabs scanned 2171904 2152448
Direct inode steals 385 2261
Kswapd inode steals 659137 609670
Kswapd skipped wait 1 69
THP fault alloc 546 631
THP collapse alloc 361 339
THP splits 259 263
THP fault fallback 98 50
THP collapse fail 20 17
Compaction stalls 747 499
Compaction success 244 145
Compaction failures 503 354
Compaction pages moved 370888 474837
Compaction move failure 77378 65259
===END stress-highalloc
This patch:
Introduce MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS as the default return code for
address_space_operations.migratepage() method and documents the expected
return code for the same method in failure cases.
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement vm_unmapped_area() using the rb_subtree_gap and highest_vm_end
information to look up for suitable virtual address space gaps.
struct vm_unmapped_area_info is used to define the desired allocation
request:
- lowest or highest possible address matching the remaining constraints
- desired gap length
- low/high address limits that the gap must fit into
- alignment mask and offset
Also update the generic arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown] functions to make
use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_RB is enabled, check that rb_subtree_gap is correctly
set for every vma and that mm->highest_vm_end is also correct.
Also add an explicit 'bug' variable to track if browse_rb() detected any
invalid condition.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: repair innovative coding-style inventions]
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Define vma->rb_subtree_gap as the largest gap between any vma in the
subtree rooted at that vma, and their predecessor. Or, for a recursive
definition, vma->rb_subtree_gap is the max of:
- vma->vm_start - vma->vm_prev->vm_end
- rb_subtree_gap fields of the vmas pointed by vma->rb.rb_left and
vma->rb.rb_right
This will allow get_unmapped_area_* to find a free area of the right
size in O(log(N)) time, instead of potentially having to do a linear
walk across all the VMAs.
Also define mm->highest_vm_end as the vm_end field of the highest vma,
so that we can easily check if the following gap is suitable.
This does have the potential to make unmapping VMAs more expensive,
especially for processes with very large numbers of VMAs, where the VMA
rbtree can grow quite deep.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There was some desire in large applications using MAP_HUGETLB or
SHM_HUGETLB to use 1GB huge pages on some mappings, and stay with 2MB on
others. This is useful together with NUMA policy: use 2MB interleaving
on some mappings, but 1GB on local mappings.
This patch extends the IPC/SHM syscall interfaces slightly to allow
specifying the page size.
It borrows some upper bits in the existing flag arguments and allows
encoding the log of the desired page size in addition to the *_HUGETLB
flag. When 0 is specified the default size is used, this makes the
change fully compatible.
Extending the internal hugetlb code to handle this is straight forward.
Instead of a single mount it just keeps an array of them and selects the
right mount based on the specified page size. When no page size is
specified it uses the mount of the default page size.
The change is not visible in /proc/mounts because internal mounts don't
appear there. It also has very little overhead: the additional mounts
just consume a super block, but not more memory when not used.
I also exported the new flags to the user headers (they were previously
under __KERNEL__). Right now only symbols for x86 and some other
architecture for 1GB and 2MB are defined. The interface should already
work for all other architectures though. Only architectures that define
multiple hugetlb sizes actually need it (that is currently x86, tile,
powerpc). However tile and powerpc have user configurable hugetlb
sizes, so it's not easy to add defines. A program on those
architectures would need to query sysfs and use the appropiate log2.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups]
[rientjes@google.com: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
action_result() fails to print out "dirty" even if an error occurred on
a dirty pagecache, because when we check PageDirty in action_result() it
was cleared after page isolation even if it's dirty before error
handling. This can break some applications that monitor this message,
so should be fixed.
There are several callers of action_result() except page_action(), but
either of them are not for LRU pages but for free pages or kernel pages,
so we don't have to consider dirty or not for them.
Note that PG_dirty can be set outside page locks as described in commit
6746aff74d ("HWPOISON: shmem: call set_page_dirty() with locked
page"), so this patch does not completely closes the race window, but
just narrows it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: "Jun'ichi Nomura" <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This can help to catch the case where hardware is writing after dma free.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tidy code, fix comment, use sizeof(page->offset), use pr_err()]
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Castet <matthieu.castet@parrot.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Exiting threads, those with PF_EXITING set, can pagefault and require
memory before they can make forward progress. This happens, for instance,
when a process must fault task->robust_list, a userspace structure, before
detaching its memory.
These threads also aren't guaranteed to get access to memory reserves
unless oom killed or killed from userspace. The oom killer won't grant
memory reserves if other threads are also exiting other than current and
stalling at the same point. This prevents needlessly killing processes
when others are already exiting.
Instead of special casing all the possible situations between PF_EXITING
getting set and a thread detaching its mm where it may allocate memory,
which probably wouldn't get updated when a change is made to the exit
path, the solution is to give all exiting threads access to memory
reserves if they call the oom killer. This allows them to quickly
allocate, detach its mm, and free the memory it represents.
Summary of Luigi's bug report:
: He had an oom condition where threads were faulting on task->robust_list
: and repeatedly called the oom killer but it would defer killing a thread
: because it saw other PF_EXITING threads. This can happen anytime we need
: to allocate memory after setting PF_EXITING and before detaching our mm;
: if there are other threads in the same state then the oom killer won't do
: anything unless one of them happens to be killed from userspace.
:
: So instead of only deferring for PF_EXITING and !task->robust_list, it's
: better to just give them access to memory reserves to prevent a potential
: livelock so that any other faults that may be introduced in the future in
: the exit path don't cause the same problem (and hopefully we don't allow
: too many of those!).
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On x86 memory accesses to pages without the ACCESSED flag set result in
the ACCESSED flag being set automatically. With the ARM architecture a
page access fault is raised instead (and it will continue to be raised
until the ACCESSED flag is set for the appropriate PTE/PMD).
For normal memory pages, handle_pte_fault will call pte_mkyoung
(effectively setting the ACCESSED flag). For transparent huge pages,
pmd_mkyoung will only be called for a write fault.
This patch ensures that faults on transparent hugepages which do not
result in a CoW update the access flags for the faulting pmd.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In flush_all_zero_pkmaps(), we have an index of the pkmap associated with
the page. Using this index, we can simply get virtual address of the
page. So change it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can find free page_address_map instance without the page_address_pool.
So remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The pool_lock protects the page_address_pool from concurrent access. But,
access to the page_address_pool is already protected by kmap_lock. So
remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kin <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To calculate an index of pkmap, using PKMAP_NR() is more understandable
and maintainable, so change it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The call to frontswap_init() was added within enable_swap_info(), which
was called not only during sys_swapon, but also to reinsert the swap_info
into the swap_list in case of failure of try_to_unuse() within
sys_swapoff. This means that frontswap_init() might be called more than
once for the same swap area.
While as far as I could see no frontswap implementation has any problem
with it (and in fact, all the ones I found ignore the parameter passed to
frontswap_init), this could change in the future.
To prevent future problems, move the call to frontswap_init() to outside
the code shared between sys_swapon and sys_swapoff.
Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.net>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The block within sys_swapoff() which re-inserts the swap_info into the
swap_list in case of failure of try_to_unuse() reads a few values outside
the swap_lock. While this is safe at that point, it is subtle code.
Simplify the code by moving the reading of these values to a separate
function, refactoring it a bit so they are read from within the swap_lock.
This is easier to understand, and matches better the way it worked before
I unified the insertion of the swap_info from both sys_swapon and
sys_swapoff.
This change should make no functional difference. The only real change is
moving the read of two or three structure fields to within the lock
(frontswap_map_get() is nothing more than a read of p->frontswap_map).
Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.net>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If we have more inactive file pages than active file pages, we skip
scanning the active file pages altogether, with the idea that we do not
want to evict the working set when there is plenty of streaming IO in the
cache.
However, the code forgot to also skip scanning anonymous pages in that
situation. That leads to the curious situation of keeping the active file
pages protected from being paged out when there are lots of inactive file
pages, while still scanning and evicting anonymous pages.
This patch fixes that situation, by only evicting file pages when we have
plenty of them and most are inactive.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: adjust comment layout]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add comments that dirty bit in storage key gets set whenever page content
is changed. Hopefully if someone will use this function, he'll have a
look at one of the two places where we comment on this.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If we hot-remove memory only and leave the cpus alive, the corresponding
node will not be removed. But the node_start_pfn and node_spanned_pages
in pg_data will be reset to 0. In this case, when we hot-add the memory
back next time, the node_start_pfn will always be 0 because no pfn is less
than 0. After that, if we hot-remove the memory again, it will cause
kernel panic in function find_biggest_section_pfn() when it tries to scan
all the pfns.
The zone will also have the same problem.
This patch sets start_pfn to the start_pfn of the section being added when
spanned_pages of the zone or pg_data is 0.
---How to reproduce---
1. hot-add a container with some memory and cpus;
2. hot-remove the container's memory, and leave cpus there;
3. hot-add these memory again;
4. hot-remove them again;
then, the kernel will panic.
---Call trace---
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 00000fff82a8cc38
IP: [<ffffffff811c0d55>] find_biggest_section_pfn+0xe5/0x180
......
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff811c1124>] __remove_zone+0x184/0x1b0
[<ffffffff811c11dc>] __remove_section+0x8c/0xb0
[<ffffffff811c12e7>] __remove_pages+0xe7/0x120
[<ffffffff81654f7c>] arch_remove_memory+0x2c/0x80
[<ffffffff81655bb6>] remove_memory+0x56/0x90
[<ffffffff813da0c8>] acpi_memory_device_remove_memory+0x48/0x73
[<ffffffff813da55a>] acpi_memory_device_notify+0x153/0x274
[<ffffffff813b6786>] acpi_ev_notify_dispatch+0x41/0x5f
[<ffffffff813a3867>] acpi_os_execute_deferred+0x27/0x34
[<ffffffff81090589>] process_one_work+0x219/0x680
[<ffffffff810923be>] worker_thread+0x12e/0x320
[<ffffffff81098396>] kthread+0xc6/0xd0
[<ffffffff8167c7c4>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10
......
---[ end trace 96d845dbf33fee11 ]---
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLUB only focuses on the nodes which have normal memory and it ignores the
other node's hot-adding and hot-removing.
Aka: if some memory of a node which has no onlined memory is online, but
this new memory onlined is not normal memory (for example, highmem), we
should not allocate kmem_cache_node for SLUB.
And if the last normal memory is offlined, but the node still has memory,
we should remove kmem_cache_node for that node. (The current code delays
it when all of the memory is offlined)
So we only do something when marg->status_change_nid_normal > 0.
marg->status_change_nid is not suitable here.
The same problem doesn't exist in SLAB, because SLAB allocates kmem_list3
for every node even the node don't have normal memory, SLAB tolerates
kmem_list3 on alien nodes. SLUB only focuses on the nodes which have
normal memory, it don't tolerate alien kmem_cache_node. The patch makes
SLUB become self-compatible and avoids WARNs and BUGs in rare conditions.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently memory_hotplug only manages the node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY], it
forgets to manage node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY]. This may cause
node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] to become incorrect.
Example, if a node is empty before online, and we online a memory which is
in ZONE_NORMAL. And after online, node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY] is correct,
but node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] is incorrect, the online code doesn't set
the new online node to node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY].
The same thing will happen when offlining (the offline code doesn't clear
the node from node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] when needed). Some memory
managment code depends node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY], so we have to fix up
the node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY].
We add node_states_check_changes_online() and
node_states_check_changes_offline() to detect whether
node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY] and node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] are changed
while hotpluging.
Also add @status_change_nid_normal to struct memory_notify, thus the
memory hotplug callbacks know whether the node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] are
changed. (We can add a @flags and reuse @status_change_nid instead of
introducing @status_change_nid_normal, but it will add much more
complexity in memory hotplug callback in every subsystem. So introducing
@status_change_nid_normal is better and it doesn't change the sematics of
@status_change_nid)
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We use __free_page() to put a page to buddy system when onlining pages.
__free_page() will store NR_FREE_PAGES in zone's pcp.vm_stat_diff, so we
should allocate zone's pcp before onlining pages, otherwise we will lose
some free pages.
[mhocko@suse.cz: make zone_pcp_reset independent of MEMORY_HOTREMOVE]
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If sparse memory vmemmap is enabled, we can't free the memory to store
struct page when a memory device is hotremoved, because we may store
struct page in the memory to manage the memory which doesn't belong to
this memory device. When we hotadded this memory device again, we will
reuse this memory to store struct page, and struct page may contain some
obsolete information, and we will get bad-page state:
init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x80000000-0x9fffffff]
Built 2 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 547617
Policy zone: Normal
BUG: Bad page state in process bash pfn:9b6dc
page:ffffea0002200020 count:0 mapcount:0 mapping: (null) index:0xfdfdfdfdfdfdfdfd
page flags: 0x2fdfdfdfd5df9fd(locked|referenced|uptodate|dirty|lru|active|slab|owner_priv_1|private|private_2|writeback|head|tail|swapcache|reclaim|swapbacked|unevictable|uncached|compound_lock)
Modules linked in: netconsole acpiphp pci_hotplug acpi_memhotplug loop kvm_amd kvm microcode tpm_tis tpm tpm_bios evdev psmouse serio_raw i2c_piix4 i2c_core parport_pc parport processor button thermal_sys ext3 jbd mbcache sg sr_mod cdrom ata_generic virtio_net ata_piix virtio_blk libata virtio_pci virtio_ring virtio scsi_mod
Pid: 988, comm: bash Not tainted 3.6.0-rc7-guest #12
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff810e9b30>] ? bad_page+0xb0/0x100
[<ffffffff810ea4c3>] ? free_pages_prepare+0xb3/0x100
[<ffffffff810ea668>] ? free_hot_cold_page+0x48/0x1a0
[<ffffffff8112cc08>] ? online_pages_range+0x68/0xa0
[<ffffffff8112cba0>] ? __online_page_increment_counters+0x10/0x10
[<ffffffff81045561>] ? walk_system_ram_range+0x101/0x110
[<ffffffff814c4f95>] ? online_pages+0x1a5/0x2b0
[<ffffffff8135663d>] ? __memory_block_change_state+0x20d/0x270
[<ffffffff81356756>] ? store_mem_state+0xb6/0xf0
[<ffffffff8119e482>] ? sysfs_write_file+0xd2/0x160
[<ffffffff8113769a>] ? vfs_write+0xaa/0x160
[<ffffffff81137977>] ? sys_write+0x47/0x90
[<ffffffff814e2f25>] ? async_page_fault+0x25/0x30
[<ffffffff814ea239>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
This patch clears the memory to store struct page to avoid unexpected error.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: Vasilis Liaskovitis <vasilis.liaskovitis@profitbricks.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We use a static array to store struct node. In many cases, we don't have
too many nodes, and some memory will be unused. Convert it to per-device
dynamically allocated memory.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
NR_FREE_PAGES will be wrong after offlining pages. We add/dec
NR_FREE_PAGES like this now:
1. move all pages in buddy system to MIGRATE_ISOLATE, and dec NR_FREE_PAGES
2. don't add NR_FREE_PAGES when it is freed and the migratetype is
MIGRATE_ISOLATE
3. dec NR_FREE_PAGES when offlining isolated pages.
4. add NR_FREE_PAGES when undoing isolate pages.
When we come to step 3, all pages are in MIGRATE_ISOLATE list, and
NR_FREE_PAGES are right. When we come to step4, all pages are not in
buddy system, so we don't change NR_FREE_PAGES in this step, but we change
NR_FREE_PAGES in step3. So NR_FREE_PAGES is wrong after offlining pages.
So there is no need to change NR_FREE_PAGES in step3.
This patch also fixs a problem in step2: if the migratetype is
MIGRATE_ISOLATE, we should not add NR_FRR_PAGES when we remove pages from
pcppages.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo106@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a memory block is onlined, we will try allocate memory on that node
to store page_cgroup. If onlining the memory block failed, we don't
offline the page cgroup, and we have no chance to offline this page cgroup
unless the memory block is onlined successfully again. It will cause that
we can't hot-remove the memory device on that node, because some memory is
used to store page cgroup. If onlining the memory block is failed, there
is no need to stort page cgroup for this memory. So auto offline
page_cgroup when onlining memory block failed.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we hotremove a memory device, we will free the memory to store struct
page. If the page is hwpoisoned page, we should decrease mce_bad_pages.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup ifdefs]
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hwpoisoned may be set when we offline a page by the sysfs interface
/sys/devices/system/memory/soft_offline_page or
/sys/devices/system/memory/hard_offline_page. If we don't clear
this flag when onlining pages, this page can't be freed, and will
not in free list. So we can't offline these pages again. So we
should skip such page when offlining pages.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce mk_huge_pmd() to simplify the code
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Johannes Weiner