This is the second resubmission of the posix timer rework patch, posted
a few days ago.
This includes the changes from the previous resubmittion, which addressed
Oleg Nesterov's comments, removing the RCU stuff from the patch and
un-inlining the thread_group_cputime() function for SMP.
In addition, per Ingo Molnar it simplifies the UP code, consolidating much
of it with the SMP version and depending on lower-level SMP/UP handling to
take care of the differences.
It also cleans up some UP compile errors, moves the scheduler stats-related
macros into kernel/sched_stats.h, cleans up a merge error in
kernel/fork.c and has a few other minor fixes and cleanups as suggested
by Oleg and Ingo. Thanks for the review, guys.
Signed-off-by: Frank Mayhar <fmayhar@google.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
fix:
kernel/fork.c:843: error: ‘struct signal_struct’ has no member named ‘sum_sched_runtime’
kernel/irq/handle.c:117: warning: ‘sparse_irq_lock’ defined but not used
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Overview
This patch reworks the handling of POSIX CPU timers, including the
ITIMER_PROF, ITIMER_VIRT timers and rlimit handling. It was put together
with the help of Roland McGrath, the owner and original writer of this code.
The problem we ran into, and the reason for this rework, has to do with using
a profiling timer in a process with a large number of threads. It appears
that the performance of the old implementation of run_posix_cpu_timers() was
at least O(n*3) (where "n" is the number of threads in a process) or worse.
Everything is fine with an increasing number of threads until the time taken
for that routine to run becomes the same as or greater than the tick time, at
which point things degrade rather quickly.
This patch fixes bug 9906, "Weird hang with NPTL and SIGPROF."
Code Changes
This rework corrects the implementation of run_posix_cpu_timers() to make it
run in constant time for a particular machine. (Performance may vary between
one machine and another depending upon whether the kernel is built as single-
or multiprocessor and, in the latter case, depending upon the number of
running processors.) To do this, at each tick we now update fields in
signal_struct as well as task_struct. The run_posix_cpu_timers() function
uses those fields to make its decisions.
We define a new structure, "task_cputime," to contain user, system and
scheduler times and use these in appropriate places:
struct task_cputime {
cputime_t utime;
cputime_t stime;
unsigned long long sum_exec_runtime;
};
This is included in the structure "thread_group_cputime," which is a new
substructure of signal_struct and which varies for uniprocessor versus
multiprocessor kernels. For uniprocessor kernels, it uses "task_cputime" as
a simple substructure, while for multiprocessor kernels it is a pointer:
struct thread_group_cputime {
struct task_cputime totals;
};
struct thread_group_cputime {
struct task_cputime *totals;
};
We also add a new task_cputime substructure directly to signal_struct, to
cache the earliest expiration of process-wide timers, and task_cputime also
replaces the it_*_expires fields of task_struct (used for earliest expiration
of thread timers). The "thread_group_cputime" structure contains process-wide
timers that are updated via account_user_time() and friends. In the non-SMP
case the structure is a simple aggregator; unfortunately in the SMP case that
simplicity was not achievable due to cache-line contention between CPUs (in
one measured case performance was actually _worse_ on a 16-cpu system than
the same test on a 4-cpu system, due to this contention). For SMP, the
thread_group_cputime counters are maintained as a per-cpu structure allocated
using alloc_percpu(). The timer functions update only the timer field in
the structure corresponding to the running CPU, obtained using per_cpu_ptr().
We define a set of inline functions in sched.h that we use to maintain the
thread_group_cputime structure and hide the differences between UP and SMP
implementations from the rest of the kernel. The thread_group_cputime_init()
function initializes the thread_group_cputime structure for the given task.
The thread_group_cputime_alloc() is a no-op for UP; for SMP it calls the
out-of-line function thread_group_cputime_alloc_smp() to allocate and fill
in the per-cpu structures and fields. The thread_group_cputime_free()
function, also a no-op for UP, in SMP frees the per-cpu structures. The
thread_group_cputime_clone_thread() function (also a UP no-op) for SMP calls
thread_group_cputime_alloc() if the per-cpu structures haven't yet been
allocated. The thread_group_cputime() function fills the task_cputime
structure it is passed with the contents of the thread_group_cputime fields;
in UP it's that simple but in SMP it must also safely check that tsk->signal
is non-NULL (if it is it just uses the appropriate fields of task_struct) and,
if so, sums the per-cpu values for each online CPU. Finally, the three
functions account_group_user_time(), account_group_system_time() and
account_group_exec_runtime() are used by timer functions to update the
respective fields of the thread_group_cputime structure.
Non-SMP operation is trivial and will not be mentioned further.
The per-cpu structure is always allocated when a task creates its first new
thread, via a call to thread_group_cputime_clone_thread() from copy_signal().
It is freed at process exit via a call to thread_group_cputime_free() from
cleanup_signal().
All functions that formerly summed utime/stime/sum_sched_runtime values from
from all threads in the thread group now use thread_group_cputime() to
snapshot the values in the thread_group_cputime structure or the values in
the task structure itself if the per-cpu structure hasn't been allocated.
Finally, the code in kernel/posix-cpu-timers.c has changed quite a bit.
The run_posix_cpu_timers() function has been split into a fast path and a
slow path; the former safely checks whether there are any expired thread
timers and, if not, just returns, while the slow path does the heavy lifting.
With the dedicated thread group fields, timers are no longer "rebalanced" and
the process_timer_rebalance() function and related code has gone away. All
summing loops are gone and all code that used them now uses the
thread_group_cputime() inline. When process-wide timers are set, the new
task_cputime structure in signal_struct is used to cache the earliest
expiration; this is checked in the fast path.
Performance
The fix appears not to add significant overhead to existing operations. It
generally performs the same as the current code except in two cases, one in
which it performs slightly worse (Case 5 below) and one in which it performs
very significantly better (Case 2 below). Overall it's a wash except in those
two cases.
I've since done somewhat more involved testing on a dual-core Opteron system.
Case 1: With no itimer running, for a test with 100,000 threads, the fixed
kernel took 1428.5 seconds, 513 seconds more than the unfixed system,
all of which was spent in the system. There were twice as many
voluntary context switches with the fix as without it.
Case 2: With an itimer running at .01 second ticks and 4000 threads (the most
an unmodified kernel can handle), the fixed kernel ran the test in
eight percent of the time (5.8 seconds as opposed to 70 seconds) and
had better tick accuracy (.012 seconds per tick as opposed to .023
seconds per tick).
Case 3: A 4000-thread test with an initial timer tick of .01 second and an
interval of 10,000 seconds (i.e. a timer that ticks only once) had
very nearly the same performance in both cases: 6.3 seconds elapsed
for the fixed kernel versus 5.5 seconds for the unfixed kernel.
With fewer threads (eight in these tests), the Case 1 test ran in essentially
the same time on both the modified and unmodified kernels (5.2 seconds versus
5.8 seconds). The Case 2 test ran in about the same time as well, 5.9 seconds
versus 5.4 seconds but again with much better tick accuracy, .013 seconds per
tick versus .025 seconds per tick for the unmodified kernel.
Since the fix affected the rlimit code, I also tested soft and hard CPU limits.
Case 4: With a hard CPU limit of 20 seconds and eight threads (and an itimer
running), the modified kernel was very slightly favored in that while
it killed the process in 19.997 seconds of CPU time (5.002 seconds of
wall time), only .003 seconds of that was system time, the rest was
user time. The unmodified kernel killed the process in 20.001 seconds
of CPU (5.014 seconds of wall time) of which .016 seconds was system
time. Really, though, the results were too close to call. The results
were essentially the same with no itimer running.
Case 5: With a soft limit of 20 seconds and a hard limit of 2000 seconds
(where the hard limit would never be reached) and an itimer running,
the modified kernel exhibited worse tick accuracy than the unmodified
kernel: .050 seconds/tick versus .028 seconds/tick. Otherwise,
performance was almost indistinguishable. With no itimer running this
test exhibited virtually identical behavior and times in both cases.
In times past I did some limited performance testing. those results are below.
On a four-cpu Opteron system without this fix, a sixteen-thread test executed
in 3569.991 seconds, of which user was 3568.435s and system was 1.556s. On
the same system with the fix, user and elapsed time were about the same, but
system time dropped to 0.007 seconds. Performance with eight, four and one
thread were comparable. Interestingly, the timer ticks with the fix seemed
more accurate: The sixteen-thread test with the fix received 149543 ticks
for 0.024 seconds per tick, while the same test without the fix received 58720
for 0.061 seconds per tick. Both cases were configured for an interval of
0.01 seconds. Again, the other tests were comparable. Each thread in this
test computed the primes up to 25,000,000.
I also did a test with a large number of threads, 100,000 threads, which is
impossible without the fix. In this case each thread computed the primes only
up to 10,000 (to make the runtime manageable). System time dominated, at
1546.968 seconds out of a total 2176.906 seconds (giving a user time of
629.938s). It received 147651 ticks for 0.015 seconds per tick, still quite
accurate. There is obviously no comparable test without the fix.
Signed-off-by: Frank Mayhar <fmayhar@google.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We want to be able to control the default "rounding" that is used by
select() and poll() and friends. This is a per process property
(so that we can have a "nice" like program to start certain programs with
a looser or stricter rounding) that can be set/get via a prctl().
For this purpose, a field called "timer_slack_ns" is added to the task
struct. In addition, a field called "default_timer_slack"ns" is added
so that tasks easily can temporarily to a more/less accurate slack and then
back to the default.
The default value of the slack is set to 50 usec; this is significantly less
than 2.6.27's average select() and poll() timing error but still allows
the kernel to group timers somewhat to preserve power behavior. Applications
and admins can override this via the prctl()
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages.
There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too.
sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in
mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no
actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU
secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss
event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by
the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will
walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently
to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way
zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte
(and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and
reused.
Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that
means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte
because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap
event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released
(so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe
logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the
spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in
the secondary MMU).
The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know
when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so
that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed,
avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest
physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the
mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in
zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for
each fixed number of spte unmapped.
To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection
downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be
invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call
get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it
called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated
spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a
readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls
get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example.
This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the
primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an
full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer
with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of
schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no
need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating
primary-mmu pte).
At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests
reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows
several other optimizations that simplify life considerably.
Dependencies:
1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM
isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep
track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end
critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and
decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map
any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of
range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical
section could later immediately be freed without any further
->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on
ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing
the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the
mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap
locks must be taken too.
2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly
run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if
CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of
mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module
against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from
kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to
continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they
submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can
also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n).
This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM
are all =n.
The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be
interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster
is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here
an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers.
Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and
-ENOMEM failure paths exists already.
struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void)
{
struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL);
+ int err;
if (!kvm)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages);
+ kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops;
+ err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm);
+ if (err) {
+ kfree(kvm);
+ return ERR_PTR(err);
+ }
+
return kvm;
}
mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable.
The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent
kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need
them by luck).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com>
Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Put all i/o statistics in struct proc_io_accounting and use inline functions to
initialize and increment statistics, removing a lot of single variable
assignments.
This also reduces the kernel size as following (with CONFIG_TASK_XACCT=y and
CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING=y).
text data bss dec hex filename
11651 0 0 11651 2d83 kernel/exit.o.before
11619 0 0 11619 2d63 kernel/exit.o.after
10886 132 136 11154 2b92 kernel/fork.o.before
10758 132 136 11026 2b12 kernel/fork.o.after
3082029 807968 4818600 8708597 84e1f5 vmlinux.o.before
3081869 807968 4818600 8708437 84e155 vmlinux.o.after
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <righi.andrea@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This moves the PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE tracing into a tracehook.h inline,
tracehook_report_vfork_done(). The change has no effect, just clean-up.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This moves all the ptrace initialization and tracing logic for task
creation into tracehook.h and ptrace.h inlines. It reorganizes the code
slightly, but should not change any behavior.
There are four tracehook entry points, at each important stage of task
creation. This keeps the interface from the core fork.c code fairly
clean, while supporting the complex setup required for ptrace or something
like it.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kmem cache passed to constructor is only needed for constructors that are
themselves multiplexeres. Nobody uses this "feature", nor does anybody uses
passed kmem cache in non-trivial way, so pass only pointer to object.
Non-trivial places are:
arch/powerpc/mm/init_64.c
arch/powerpc/mm/hugetlbpage.c
This is flag day, yes.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jon Tollefson <kniht@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix arch/powerpc/mm/hugetlbpage.c]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/slab.c]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix ubifs]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Report per-thread I/O statistics in /proc/pid/task/tid/io and aggregate
parent I/O statistics in /proc/pid/io. This approach follows the same
model used to account per-process and per-thread CPU times.
As a practial application, this allows for example to quickly find the top
I/O consumer when a process spawns many child threads that perform the
actual I/O work, because the aggregated I/O statistics can always be found
in /proc/pid/io.
[ Oleg Nesterov points out that we should check that the task is still
alive before we iterate over the threads, but also says that we can do
that fixup on top of this later. - Linus ]
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <righi.andrea@gmail.com>
Cc: Matt Heaton <matt@hostmonster.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Acked-by-with-comments: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move mm->core_waiters into "struct core_state" allocated on stack. This
shrinks mm_struct a little bit and allows further changes.
This patch mostly does s/core_waiters/core_state. The only essential
change is that coredump_wait() must clear mm->core_state before return.
The coredump_wait()'s path is uglified and .text grows by 30 bytes, this
is fixed by the next patch.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kill PF_BORROWED_MM. Change use_mm/unuse_mm to not play with ->flags, and
do s/PF_BORROWED_MM/PF_KTHREAD/ for a couple of other users.
No functional changes yet. But this allows us to do further
fixes/cleanups.
oom_kill/ptrace/etc often check "p->mm != NULL" to filter out the
kthreads, this is wrong because of use_mm(). The problem with
PF_BORROWED_MM is that we need task_lock() to avoid races. With this
patch we can check PF_KTHREAD directly, or use a simple lockless helper:
/* The result must not be dereferenced !!! */
struct mm_struct *__get_task_mm(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
if (tsk->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
return NULL;
return tsk->mm;
}
Note also ecard_task(). It runs with ->mm != NULL, but it's the kernel
thread without PF_BORROWED_MM.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
cgroup_clone creates a new cgroup with the pid of the task. This works
correctly for unshare, but for clone cgroup_clone is called from
copy_namespaces inside copy_process, which happens before the new pid is
created. As a result, the new cgroup was created with current's pid.
This patch:
1. Moves the call inside copy_process to after the new pid
is created
2. Passes the struct pid into ns_cgroup_clone (as it is not
yet attached to the task)
3. Passes a name from ns_cgroup_clone() into cgroup_clone()
so as to keep cgroup_clone() itself simpler
4. Uses pid_vnr() to get the process id value, so that the
pid used to name the new cgroup is always the pid as it
would be known to the task which did the cloning or
unsharing. I think that is the most intuitive thing to
do. This way, task t1 does clone(CLONE_NEWPID) to get
t2, which does clone(CLONE_NEWPID) to get t3, then the
cgroup for t3 will be named for the pid by which t2 knows
t3.
(Thanks to Dan Smith for finding the main bug)
Changelog:
June 11: Incorporate Paul Menage's feedback: don't pass
NULL to ns_cgroup_clone from unshare, and reduce
patch size by using 'nodename' in cgroup_clone.
June 10: Original version
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serge@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Tested-by: Dan Smith <danms@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We duplicate alloc/free_thread_info defines on many platforms (the
majority uses __get_free_pages/free_pages). This patch defines common
defines and removes these duplicated defines.
__HAVE_ARCH_THREAD_INFO_ALLOCATOR is introduced for platforms that do
something different.
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch reserves huge pages at mmap() time for MAP_PRIVATE mappings in
a similar manner to the reservations taken for MAP_SHARED mappings. The
reserve count is accounted both globally and on a per-VMA basis for
private mappings. This guarantees that a process that successfully calls
mmap() will successfully fault all pages in the future unless fork() is
called.
The characteristics of private mappings of hugetlbfs files behaviour after
this patch are;
1. The process calling mmap() is guaranteed to succeed all future faults until
it forks().
2. On fork(), the parent may die due to SIGKILL on writes to the private
mapping if enough pages are not available for the COW. For reasonably
reliable behaviour in the face of a small huge page pool, children of
hugepage-aware processes should not reference the mappings; such as
might occur when fork()ing to exec().
3. On fork(), the child VMAs inherit no reserves. Reads on pages already
faulted by the parent will succeed. Successful writes will depend on enough
huge pages being free in the pool.
4. Quotas of the hugetlbfs mount are checked at reserve time for the mapper
and at fault time otherwise.
Before this patch, all reads or writes in the child potentially needs page
allocations that can later lead to the death of the parent. This applies
to reads and writes of uninstantiated pages as well as COW. After the
patch it is only a write to an instantiated page that causes problems.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ptrace no longer fiddles with the children/sibling links, and the
old ptrace_children list is gone. Now ptrace, whether of one's own
children or another's via PTRACE_ATTACH, just uses the new ptraced
list instead.
There should be no user-visible difference that matters. The only
change is the order in which do_wait() sees multiple stopped
children and stopped ptrace attachees. Since wait_task_stopped()
was changed earlier so it no longer reorders the children list, we
already know this won't cause any new problems.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
* 'core/locking' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
lockdep: fix kernel/fork.c warning
lockdep: fix ftrace irq tracing false positive
lockdep: remove duplicate definition of STATIC_LOCKDEP_MAP_INIT
lockdep: add lock_class information to lock_chain and output it
lockdep: add lock_class information to lock_chain and output it
lockdep: output lock_class key instead of address for forward dependency output
__mutex_lock_common: use signal_pending_state()
mutex-debug: check mutex magic before owner
Fixed up conflict in kernel/fork.c manually
* 'tracing/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (228 commits)
ftrace: build fix for ftraced_suspend
ftrace: separate out the function enabled variable
ftrace: add ftrace_kill_atomic
ftrace: use current CPU for function startup
ftrace: start wakeup tracing after setting function tracer
ftrace: check proper config for preempt type
ftrace: trace schedule
ftrace: define function trace nop
ftrace: move sched_switch enable after markers
ftrace: prevent ftrace modifications while being kprobe'd, v2
fix "ftrace: store mcount address in rec->ip"
mmiotrace broken in linux-next (8-bit writes only)
ftrace: avoid modifying kprobe'd records
ftrace: freeze kprobe'd records
kprobes: enable clean usage of get_kprobe
ftrace: store mcount address in rec->ip
ftrace: build fix with gcc 4.3
namespacecheck: fixes
ftrace: fix "notrace" filtering priority
ftrace: fix printout
...
(Updated with a common max-stack-used checker that knows about
the canary, as suggested by Joe Perches)
Use a canary at the end of the stack to clearly indicate
at oops time whether the stack has ever overflowed.
This is a very simple implementation with a couple of
drawbacks:
1) a thread may legitimately use exactly up to the last
word on the stack
-- but the chances of doing this and then oopsing later seem slim
2) it's possible that the stack usage isn't dense enough
that the canary location could get skipped over
-- but the worst that happens is that we don't flag the overrun
-- though this happens fairly often in my testing :(
With the code in place, an intentionally-bloated stack oops might
do:
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff8103f84cc680
IP: [<ffffffff810253df>] update_curr+0x9a/0xa8
PGD 8063 PUD 0
Thread overran stack or stack corrupted
Oops: 0000 [1] SMP
CPU 0
...
... unless the stack overrun is so bad that it corrupts some other
thread.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Suggested by Roland McGrath.
Initialize signal->curr_target in copy_signal(). This way ->curr_target is
never == NULL, we can kill the check in __group_complete_signal's hot path.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kernel implements readlink of /proc/pid/exe by getting the file from
the first executable VMA. Then the path to the file is reconstructed and
reported as the result.
Because of the VMA walk the code is slightly different on nommu systems.
This patch avoids separate /proc/pid/exe code on nommu systems. Instead of
walking the VMAs to find the first executable file-backed VMA we store a
reference to the exec'd file in the mm_struct.
That reference would prevent the filesystem holding the executable file
from being unmounted even after unmapping the VMAs. So we track the number
of VM_EXECUTABLE VMAs and drop the new reference when the last one is
unmapped. This avoids pinning the mounted filesystem.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: improve comments]
[yamamoto@valinux.co.jp: fix dup_mmap]
Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc:"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sys_unshare(CLONE_NEWIPC) doesn't handle the undo lists properly, this can
cause a kernel memory corruption. CLONE_NEWIPC must detach from the existing
undo lists.
Fix, part 2: perform an implicit CLONE_SYSVSEM in CLONE_NEWIPC. CLONE_NEWIPC
creates a new IPC namespace, the task cannot access the existing semaphore
arrays after the unshare syscall. Thus the task can/must detach from the
existing undo list entries, too.
This fixes the kernel corruption, because it makes it impossible that
undo records from two different namespaces are in sysvsem.undo_list.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sys_unshare(CLONE_NEWIPC) doesn't handle the undo lists properly, this can
cause a kernel memory corruption. CLONE_NEWIPC must detach from the existing
undo lists.
Fix, part 1: add support for sys_unshare(CLONE_SYSVSEM)
The original reason to not support it was the potential (inevitable?)
confusion due to the fact that sys_unshare(CLONE_SYSVSEM) has the
inverse meaning of clone(CLONE_SYSVSEM).
Our two most reasonable options then appear to be (1) fully support
CLONE_SYSVSEM, or (2) continue to refuse explicit CLONE_SYSVSEM,
but always do it anyway on unshare(CLONE_SYSVSEM). This patch does
(1).
Changelog:
Apr 16: SEH: switch to Manfred's alternative patch which
removes the unshare_semundo() function which
always refused CLONE_SYSVSEM.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the mem_cgroup member from mm_struct and instead adds an owner.
This approach was suggested by Paul Menage. The advantage of this approach
is that, once the mm->owner is known, using the subsystem id, the cgroup
can be determined. It also allows several control groups that are
virtually grouped by mm_struct, to exist independent of the memory
controller i.e., without adding mem_cgroup's for each controller, to
mm_struct.
A new config option CONFIG_MM_OWNER is added and the memory resource
controller selects this config option.
This patch also adds cgroup callbacks to notify subsystems when mm->owner
changes. The mm_cgroup_changed callback is called with the task_lock() of
the new task held and is called just prior to changing the mm->owner.
I am indebted to Paul Menage for the several reviews of this patchset and
helping me make it lighter and simpler.
This patch was tested on a powerpc box, it was compiled with both the
MM_OWNER config turned on and off.
After the thread group leader exits, it's moved to init_css_state by
cgroup_exit(), thus all future charges from runnings threads would be
redirected to the init_css_set's subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Sudhir Kumar <skumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>,
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch renames mpol_copy() to mpol_dup() because, well, that's what it
does. Like, e.g., strdup() for strings, mpol_dup() takes a pointer to an
existing mempolicy, allocates a new one and copies the contents.
In a later patch, I want to use the name mpol_copy() to copy the contents from
one mempolicy to another like, e.g., strcpy() does for strings.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is a change that was requested some time ago by Mel Gorman. Makes sense
to me, so here it is.
Note: I retain the name "mpol_free_shared_policy()" because it actually does
free the shared_policy, which is NOT a reference counted object. However, ...
The mempolicy object[s] referenced by the shared_policy are reference counted,
so mpol_put() is used to release the reference held by the shared_policy. The
mempolicy might not be freed at this time, because some task attached to the
shared object associated with the shared policy may be in the process of
allocating a page based on the mempolicy. In that case, the task performing
the allocation will hold a reference on the mempolicy, obtained via
mpol_shared_policy_lookup(). The mempolicy will be freed when all tasks
holding such a reference have called mpol_put() for the mempolicy.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The SIE instruction on s390 uses the 2nd half of the page table page to
virtualize the storage keys of a guest. This patch offers the s390_enable_sie
function, which reorganizes the page tables of a single-threaded process to
reserve space in the page table:
s390_enable_sie makes sure that the process is single threaded and then uses
dup_mm to create a new mm with reorganized page tables. The old mm is freed
and the process has now a page status extended field after every page table.
Code that wants to exploit pgstes should SELECT CONFIG_PGSTE.
This patch has a small common code hit, namely making dup_mm non-static.
Edit (Carsten): I've modified Martin's patch, following Jeremy Fitzhardinge's
review feedback. Now we do have the prototype for dup_mm in
include/linux/sched.h. Following Martin's suggestion, s390_enable_sie() does now
call task_lock() to prevent race against ptrace modification of mm_users.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Arrgghhh...
Sorry about that, I'd been sure I'd folded that one, but it actually got
lost. Please apply - that breaks execve().
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* let unshare_files() give caller the displaced files_struct
* don't bother with grabbing reference only to drop it in the
caller if it hadn't been shared in the first place
* in that form unshare_files() is trivially implemented via
unshare_fd(), so we eliminate the duplicate logics in fork.c
* reset_files_struct() is not just only called for current;
it will break the system if somebody ever calls it for anything
else (we can't modify ->files of somebody else). Lose the
task_struct * argument.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* unshare_files() can fail; doing it after irreversible actions is wrong
and de_thread() is certainly irreversible.
* since we do it unconditionally anyway, we might as well do it in do_execve()
and save ourselves the PITA in binfmt handlers, etc.
* while we are at it, binfmt_som actually leaked files_struct on failure.
As a side benefit, unshare_files(), put_files_struct() and reset_files_struct()
become unexported.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Split the FPU save area from the task struct. This allows easy migration
of FPU context, and it's generally cleaner. It also allows the following
two optimizations:
1) only allocate when the application actually uses FPU, so in the first
lazy FPU trap. This could save memory for non-fpu using apps. Next patch
does this lazy allocation.
2) allocate the right size for the actual cpu rather than 512 bytes always.
Patches enabling xsave/xrstor support (coming shortly) will take advantage
of this.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* Use struct path in fs_struct.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some time ago the xxx_vnr() calls (e.g. pid_vnr or find_task_by_vpid) were
_all_ converted to operate on the current pid namespace. After this each call
like xxx_nr_ns(foo, current->nsproxy->pid_ns) is nothing but a xxx_vnr(foo)
one.
Switch all the xxx_nr_ns() callers to use the xxx_vnr() calls where
appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
signal_struct->tsk points to the ->group_leader and thus we have the nasty
code in de_thread() which has to change it and restart ->real_timer if the
leader is changed.
Use "struct pid *leader_pid" instead. This also allows us to kill now
unneeded send_group_sig_info().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Basic setup routines, the mm_struct has a pointer to the cgroup that
it belongs to and the the page has a page_cgroup associated with it.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1. It is much easier to grep for ->state change if __set_task_state() is used
instead of the direct assignment.
2. ptrace_stop() and handle_group_stop() use set_task_state() which adds the
unneeded mb() (btw even if we use mb() it is still possible that do_wait()
sees the new ->state but not ->exit_code, but this is ok).
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The capability bounding set is a set beyond which capabilities cannot grow.
Currently cap_bset is per-system. It can be manipulated through sysctl,
but only init can add capabilities. Root can remove capabilities. By
default it includes all caps except CAP_SETPCAP.
This patch makes the bounding set per-process when file capabilities are
enabled. It is inherited at fork from parent. Noone can add elements,
CAP_SETPCAP is required to remove them.
One example use of this is to start a safer container. For instance, until
device namespaces or per-container device whitelists are introduced, it is
best to take CAP_MKNOD away from a container.
The bounding set will not affect pP and pE immediately. It will only
affect pP' and pE' after subsequent exec()s. It also does not affect pI,
and exec() does not constrain pI'. So to really start a shell with no way
of regain CAP_MKNOD, you would do
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, CAP_MKNOD);
cap_t cap = cap_get_proc();
cap_value_t caparray[1];
caparray[0] = CAP_MKNOD;
cap_set_flag(cap, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, caparray, CAP_DROP);
cap_set_proc(cap);
cap_free(cap);
The following test program will get and set the bounding
set (but not pI). For instance
./bset get
(lists capabilities in bset)
./bset drop cap_net_raw
(starts shell with new bset)
(use capset, setuid binary, or binary with
file capabilities to try to increase caps)
************************************************************
cap_bound.c
************************************************************
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifndef PR_CAPBSET_READ
#define PR_CAPBSET_READ 23
#endif
#ifndef PR_CAPBSET_DROP
#define PR_CAPBSET_DROP 24
#endif
int usage(char *me)
{
printf("Usage: %s get\n", me);
printf(" %s drop <capability>\n", me);
return 1;
}
#define numcaps 32
char *captable[numcaps] = {
"cap_chown",
"cap_dac_override",
"cap_dac_read_search",
"cap_fowner",
"cap_fsetid",
"cap_kill",
"cap_setgid",
"cap_setuid",
"cap_setpcap",
"cap_linux_immutable",
"cap_net_bind_service",
"cap_net_broadcast",
"cap_net_admin",
"cap_net_raw",
"cap_ipc_lock",
"cap_ipc_owner",
"cap_sys_module",
"cap_sys_rawio",
"cap_sys_chroot",
"cap_sys_ptrace",
"cap_sys_pacct",
"cap_sys_admin",
"cap_sys_boot",
"cap_sys_nice",
"cap_sys_resource",
"cap_sys_time",
"cap_sys_tty_config",
"cap_mknod",
"cap_lease",
"cap_audit_write",
"cap_audit_control",
"cap_setfcap"
};
int getbcap(void)
{
int comma=0;
unsigned long i;
int ret;
printf("i know of %d capabilities\n", numcaps);
printf("capability bounding set:");
for (i=0; i<numcaps; i++) {
ret = prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i);
if (ret < 0)
perror("prctl");
else if (ret==1)
printf("%s%s", (comma++) ? ", " : " ", captable[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int capdrop(char *str)
{
unsigned long i;
int found=0;
for (i=0; i<numcaps; i++) {
if (strcmp(captable[i], str) == 0) {
found=1;
break;
}
}
if (!found)
return 1;
if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i)) {
perror("prctl");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc<2)
return usage(argv[0]);
if (strcmp(argv[1], "get")==0)
return getbcap();
if (strcmp(argv[1], "drop")!=0 || argc<3)
return usage(argv[0]);
if (capdrop(argv[2])) {
printf("unknown capability\n");
return 1;
}
return execl("/bin/bash", "/bin/bash", NULL);
}
************************************************************
[serue@us.ibm.com: fix typo]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>a
Signed-off-by: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
(with Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>)
The pgd/pud/pmd/pte page table allocation functions get a mm_struct pointer as
first argument. The free functions do not get the mm_struct argument. This
is 1) asymmetrical and 2) to do mm related page table allocations the mm
argument is needed on the free function as well.
[kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com: i386 fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-syle fixes]
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Ulrich says that we never used this clone flags and that nothing should be
using it.
As we're down to only a single bit left in clone's flags argument, let's add a
warning to check that no userspace is actually using it. Hopefully we will
be able to recycle it.
Roland said:
CLONE_STOPPED was previously used by some NTPL versions when under
thread_db (i.e. only when being actively debugged by gdb), but not for a
long time now, and it never worked reliably when it was used. Removing it
seems fine to me.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: it looks like CLONE_DETACHED is being used]
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
syslets (or other threads/processes that want io context sharing) can
set this to enforce sharing of io context.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
LatencyTOP kernel infrastructure; it measures latencies in the
scheduler and tracks it system wide and per process.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Extend group scheduling to also cover the realtime classes. It uses the time
limiting introduced by the previous patch to allow multiple realtime groups.
The hard time limit is required to keep behaviour deterministic.
The algorithms used make the realtime scheduler O(tg), linear scaling wrt the
number of task groups. This is the worst case behaviour I can't seem to get out
of, the avg. case of the algorithms can be improved, I focused on correctness
and worst case.
[ akpm@linux-foundation.org: move side-effects out of BUG_ON(). ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch implements a new version of RCU which allows its read-side
critical sections to be preempted. It uses a set of counter pairs
to keep track of the read-side critical sections and flips them
when all tasks exit read-side critical section. The details
of this implementation can be found in this paper -
http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/OLSrtRCU.2006.08.11a.pdf
and the article-
http://lwn.net/Articles/253651/
This patch was developed as a part of the -rt kernel development and
meant to provide better latencies when read-side critical sections of
RCU don't disable preemption. As a consequence of keeping track of RCU
readers, the readers have a slight overhead (optimizations in the paper).
This implementation co-exists with the "classic" RCU implementations
and can be switched to at compiler.
Also includes RCU tracing summarized in debugfs.
[ akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes on non-preempt architectures ]
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Some RT tasks (particularly kthreads) are bound to one specific CPU.
It is fairly common for two or more bound tasks to get queued up at the
same time. Consider, for instance, softirq_timer and softirq_sched. A
timer goes off in an ISR which schedules softirq_thread to run at RT50.
Then the timer handler determines that it's time to smp-rebalance the
system so it schedules softirq_sched to run. So we are in a situation
where we have two RT50 tasks queued, and the system will go into
rt-overload condition to request other CPUs for help.
This causes two problems in the current code:
1) If a high-priority bound task and a low-priority unbounded task queue
up behind the running task, we will fail to ever relocate the unbounded
task because we terminate the search on the first unmovable task.
2) We spend precious futile cycles in the fast-path trying to pull
overloaded tasks over. It is therefore optimial to strive to avoid the
overhead all together if we can cheaply detect the condition before
overload even occurs.
This patch tries to achieve this optimization by utilizing the hamming
weight of the task->cpus_allowed mask. A weight of 1 indicates that
the task cannot be migrated. We will then utilize this information to
skip non-migratable tasks and to eliminate uncessary rebalance attempts.
We introduce a per-rq variable to count the number of migratable tasks
that are currently running. We only go into overload if we have more
than one rt task, AND at least one of them is migratable.
In addition, we introduce a per-task variable to cache the cpus_allowed
weight, since the hamming calculation is probably relatively expensive.
We only update the cached value when the mask is updated which should be
relatively infrequent, especially compared to scheduling frequency
in the fast path.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
this patch extends the soft-lockup detector to automatically
detect hung TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE tasks. Such hung tasks are
printed the following way:
------------------>
INFO: task prctl:3042 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
"echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message
prctl D fd5e3793 0 3042 2997
f6050f38 00000046 00000001 fd5e3793 00000009 c06d8264 c06dae80 00000286
f6050f40 f6050f00 f7d34d90 f7d34fc8 c1e1be80 00000001 f6050000 00000000
f7e92d00 00000286 f6050f18 c0489d1a f6050f40 00006605 00000000 c0133a5b
Call Trace:
[<c04883a5>] schedule_timeout+0x6d/0x8b
[<c04883d8>] schedule_timeout_uninterruptible+0x15/0x17
[<c0133a76>] msleep+0x10/0x16
[<c0138974>] sys_prctl+0x30/0x1e2
[<c0104c52>] sysenter_past_esp+0x5f/0xa5
=======================
2 locks held by prctl/3042:
#0: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#5){--..}, at: [<c0197d11>] do_fsync+0x38/0x7a
#1: (jbd_handle){--..}, at: [<c01ca3d2>] journal_start+0xc7/0xe9
<------------------
the current default timeout is 120 seconds. Such messages are printed
up to 10 times per bootup. If the system has crashed already then the
messages are not printed.
if lockdep is enabled then all held locks are printed as well.
this feature is a natural extension to the softlockup-detector (kernel
locked up without scheduling) and to the NMI watchdog (kernel locked up
with IRQs disabled).
[ Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>: CPU hotplug fixes. ]
[ Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: build warning fix. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Currently we are complicating the code in copy_process, the clone ABI, and
if we fix the bugs sys_setsid itself, with an unnecessary open coded
version of sys_setsid.
So just simplify everything and don't special case the session and pgrp of
the initial process in a pid namespace.
Having this special case actually presents to user space the classic linux
startup conditions with session == pgrp == 0 for /sbin/init.
We already handle sending signals to processes in a child pid namespace.
We need to handle sending signals to processes in a parent pid namespace
for cases like SIGCHILD and SIGIO.
This makes nothing extra visible inside a pid namespace. So this extra
special case appears to have no redeeming merits.
Further removing this special case increases the flexibility of how we can
use pid namespaces, by not requiring the initial process in a pid namespace
to be a daemon.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sukadev Bhattiprolu reported a kernel crash with control groups.
There are couple of problems discovered by Suka's test:
- The test requires the cgroup filesystem to be mounted with
atleast the cpu and ns options (i.e both namespace and cpu
controllers are active in the same hierarchy).
# mkdir /dev/cpuctl
# mount -t cgroup -ocpu,ns none cpuctl
(or simply)
# mount -t cgroup none cpuctl -> Will activate all controllers
in same hierarchy.
- The test invokes clone() with CLONE_NEWNS set. This causes a a new child
to be created, also a new group (do_fork->copy_namespaces->ns_cgroup_clone->
cgroup_clone) and the child is attached to the new group (cgroup_clone->
attach_task->sched_move_task). At this point in time, the child's scheduler
related fields are uninitialized (including its on_rq field, which it has
inherited from parent). As a result sched_move_task thinks its on
runqueue, when it isn't.
As a solution to this problem, I moved sched_fork() call, which
initializes scheduler related fields on a new task, before
copy_namespaces(). I am not sure though whether moving up will
cause other side-effects. Do you see any issue?
- The second problem exposed by this test is that task_new_fair()
assumes that parent and child will be part of the same group (which
needn't be as this test shows). As a result, cfs_rq->curr can be NULL
for the child.
The solution is to test for curr pointer being NULL in
task_new_fair().
With the patch below, I could run ns_exec() fine w/o a crash.
Reported-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
keep utime/stime monotonic.
cpustats use utime/stime as a ratio against sum_exec_runtime, as a
consequence it can happen - when the ratio changes faster than time
accumulates - that either can be appear to go backwards.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This initialization of is not needed so just remove it.
Signed-off-by: Mariusz Kozlowski <m.kozlowski@tuxland.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The pgrp field is not used widely around the kernel so it is now marked as
deprecated with appropriate comment.
The initialization of INIT_SIGNALS is trimmed because
a) they are set to 0 automatically;
b) gcc cannot properly initialize two anonymous (the second one
is the one with the session) unions. In this particular case
to make it compile we'd have to add some field initialized
right before the .pgrp.
This is the same patch as the 1ec320afdc one
(from Cedric), but for the pgrp field.
Some progress report:
We have to deprecate the pid, tgid, session and pgrp fields on struct
task_struct and struct signal_struct. The session and pgrp are already
deprecated. The tgid value is close to being such - the worst known usage
in in fs/locks.c and audit code. The pid field deprecation is mainly
blocked by numerous printk-s around the kernel that print the tsk->pid to
log.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
tsk->exit_state can only be 0, EXIT_ZOMBIE, or EXIT_DEAD. A non-zero test
is the same as tsk->exit_state & (EXIT_ZOMBIE | EXIT_DEAD), so just testing
tsk->exit_state is sufficient.
Signed-off-by: Eugene Teo <eugeneteo@kernel.sg>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the largest patch in the set. Make all (I hope) the places where
the pid is shown to or get from user operate on the virtual pids.
The idea is:
- all in-kernel data structures must store either struct pid itself
or the pid's global nr, obtained with pid_nr() call;
- when seeking the task from kernel code with the stored id one
should use find_task_by_pid() call that works with global pids;
- when showing pid's numerical value to the user the virtual one
should be used, but however when one shows task's pid outside this
task's namespace the global one is to be used;
- when getting the pid from userspace one need to consider this as
the virtual one and use appropriate task/pid-searching functions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: yet nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded casts]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The namespace's proc_mnt must be kern_mount-ed to make this pointer always
valid, independently of whether the user space mounted the proc or not. This
solves raced in proc_flush_task, etc. with the proc_mnt switching from NULL
to not-NULL.
The initialization is done after the init's pid is created and hashed to make
proc_get_sb() finr it and get for root inode.
Sice the namespace holds the vfsmnt, vfsmnt holds the superblock and the
superblock holds the namespace we must explicitly break this circle to destroy
all the stuff. This is done after the init of the namespace dies. Running a
few steps forward - when init exits it will kill all its children, so no
proc_mnt will be needed after its death.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When clone() is invoked with CLONE_NEWPID, create a new pid namespace and then
create a new struct pid for the new process. Allocate pid_t's for the new
process in the new pid namespace and all ancestor pid namespaces. Make the
newly cloned process the session and process group leader.
Since the active pid namespace is special and expected to be the first entry
in pid->upid_list, preserve the order of pid namespaces.
The size of 'struct pid' is dependent on the the number of pid namespaces the
process exists in, so we use multiple pid-caches'. Only one pid cache is
created during system startup and this used by processes that exist only in
init_pid_ns.
When a process clones its pid namespace, we create additional pid caches as
necessary and use the pid cache to allocate 'struct pids' for that depth.
Note, that with this patch the newly created namespace won't work, since the
rest of the kernel still uses global pids, but this is to be fixed soon. Init
pid namespace still works.
[oleg@tv-sign.ru: merge fix]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we create new namespace we will need to allocate the struct pid, that
will have one extra struct upid in array, comparing to the parent.
Thus we need to know the new namespace (if any) in alloc_pid() to init this
struct upid properly, so move the alloc_pid() call lower in copy_process().
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Each struct upid element of struct pid has to be initialized properly, i.e.
its nr mst be allocated from appropriate pidmap and ns set to appropriate
namespace.
When allocating a new pid, we need to know the namespace this pid will live
in, so the additional argument is added to alloc_pid().
On the other hand, the rest of the kernel still uses the pid->nr and
pid->pid_chain fields, so these ones are still initialized, but this will be
removed soon.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When someone wants to deal with some other taks's namespaces it has to lock
the task and then to get the desired namespace if the one exists. This is
slow on read-only paths and may be impossible in some cases.
E.g. Oleg recently noticed a race between unshare() and the (sent for
review in cgroups) pid namespaces - when the task notifies the parent it
has to know the parent's namespace, but taking the task_lock() is
impossible there - the code is under write locked tasklist lock.
On the other hand switching the namespace on task (daemonize) and releasing
the namespace (after the last task exit) is rather rare operation and we
can sacrifice its speed to solve the issues above.
The access to other task namespaces is proposed to be performed
like this:
rcu_read_lock();
nsproxy = task_nsproxy(tsk);
if (nsproxy != NULL) {
/ *
* work with the namespaces here
* e.g. get the reference on one of them
* /
} / *
* NULL task_nsproxy() means that this task is
* almost dead (zombie)
* /
rcu_read_unlock();
This patch has passed the review by Eric and Oleg :) and,
of course, tested.
[clg@fr.ibm.com: fix unshare()]
[ebiederm@xmission.com: Update get_net_ns_by_pid]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move alloc_pid() into copy_process(). This will keep all pid and pid
namespace code together and simplify error handling when we support multiple
pid namespaces.
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzel <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The set of functions process_session, task_session, process_group and
task_pgrp is confusing, as the names can be mixed with each other when looking
at the code for a long time.
The proposals are to
* equip the functions that return the integer with _nr suffix to
represent that fact,
* and to make all functions work with task (not process) by making
the common prefix of the same name.
For monotony the routines signal_session() and set_signal_session() are
replaced with task_session_nr() and set_task_session(), especially since they
are only used with the explicit task->signal dereference.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the filesystem support logic from the cpusets system and makes cpusets
a cgroup subsystem
The "cpuset" filesystem becomes a dummy filesystem; attempts to mount it get
passed through to the cgroup filesystem with the appropriate options to
emulate the old cpuset filesystem behaviour.
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace the struct css_set embedded in task_struct with a pointer; all tasks
that have the same set of memberships across all hierarchies will share a
css_set object, and will be linked via their css_sets field to the "tasks"
list_head in the css_set.
Assuming that many tasks share the same cgroup assignments, this reduces
overall space usage and keeps the size of the task_struct down (three pointers
added to task_struct compared to a non-cgroups kernel, no matter how many
subsystems are registered).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix a printk]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds the necessary hooks to the fork() and exit() paths to ensure
that new children inherit their parent's cgroup assignments, and that
exiting processes release reference counts on their cgroups.
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds items to the taststats struct to account for user and system
time based on scaling the CPU frequency and instruction issue rates.
Adds account_(user|system)_time_scaled callbacks which architectures
can use to account for time using this mechanism.
Signed-off-by: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hell knows what happened in commit 63b05203af57e7de4f3bb63b8b81d43bc196d32b
during 2.6.9 development. Commit introduced io_wait field which remained
write-only than and still remains write-only.
Also garbage collect macros which "use" io_wait.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Tasks should go to the refrigerator only if explicitly requested to do that by
the freezer and not as a result of inheriting the TIF_FREEZE flag set from the
parent. Make it happen.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For those who don't care about CONFIG_SECURITY.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
robust_list, compat_robust_list, pi_state_list, pi_state_cache are
really used if futexes are on.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@sw.ru>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Slab constructors currently have a flags parameter that is never used. And
the order of the arguments is opposite to other slab functions. The object
pointer is placed before the kmem_cache pointer.
Convert
ctor(void *object, struct kmem_cache *s, unsigned long flags)
to
ctor(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object)
throughout the kernel
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coupla fixes]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Based on ideas of Andrew:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=102912915020543&w=2
Scale the bdi dirty limit inversly with the tasks dirty rate.
This makes heavy writers have a lower dirty limit than the occasional writer.
Andrea proposed something similar:
http://lwn.net/Articles/152277/
The main disadvantage to his patch is that he uses an unrelated quantity to
measure time, which leaves him with a workload dependant tunable. Other than
that the two approaches appear quite similar.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
like for cpustat, introduce the "gtime" (guest time of the task) and
"cgtime" (guest time of the task children) fields for the
tasks. Modify signal_struct and task_struct.
Modify /proc/<pid>/stat to display these new fields.
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net>
Acked-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch allows you to create a new network namespace
using sys_clone, or sys_unshare.
As the network namespace is still experimental and under development
clone and unshare support is only made available when CONFIG_NET_NS is
selected at compile time.
As this patch introduces network namespace support into code paths
that exist when the CONFIG_NET is not selected there are a few
additions made to net_namespace.h to allow a few more functions
to be used when the networking stack is not compiled in.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This simplifies signalfd code, by avoiding it to remain attached to the
sighand during its lifetime.
In this way, the signalfd remain attached to the sighand only during
poll(2) (and select and epoll) and read(2). This also allows to remove
all the custom "tsk == current" checks in kernel/signal.c, since
dequeue_signal() will only be called by "current".
I think this is also what Ben was suggesting time ago.
The external effect of this, is that a thread can extract only its own
private signals and the group ones. I think this is an acceptable
behaviour, in that those are the signals the thread would be able to
fetch w/out signalfd.
Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Slab destructors were no longer supported after Christoph's
c59def9f22 change. They've been
BUGs for both slab and slub, and slob never supported them
either.
This rips out support for the dtor pointer from kmem_cache_create()
completely and fixes up every single callsite in the kernel (there were
about 224, not including the slab allocator definitions themselves,
or the documentation references).
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
This is the code for the "lg.ko" module, which allows lguest guests to
be launched.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update for futex-new-private-futexes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[jmorris@namei.org: lguest: use hrtimers]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: x86_64 build fix]
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
lguest does some fairly lowlevel things to support a host, which
normal modules don't need:
math_state_restore:
When the guest triggers a Device Not Available fault, we need
to be able to restore the FPU
__put_task_struct:
We need to hold a reference to another task for inter-guest
I/O, and put_task_struct() is an inline function which calls
__put_task_struct.
access_process_vm:
We need to access another task for inter-guest I/O.
map_vm_area & __get_vm_area:
We need to map the switcher shim (ie. monitor) at 0xFFC01000.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds an interface to set/reset flags which determines each memory
segment should be dumped or not when a core file is generated.
/proc/<pid>/coredump_filter file is provided to access the flags. You can
change the flag status for a particular process by writing to or reading from
the file.
The flag status is inherited to the child process when it is created.
Signed-off-by: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, the freezer treats all tasks as freezable, except for the kernel
threads that explicitly set the PF_NOFREEZE flag for themselves. This
approach is problematic, since it requires every kernel thread to either
set PF_NOFREEZE explicitly, or call try_to_freeze(), even if it doesn't
care for the freezing of tasks at all.
It seems better to only require the kernel threads that want to or need to
be frozen to use some freezer-related code and to remove any
freezer-related code from the other (nonfreezable) kernel threads, which is
done in this patch.
The patch causes all kernel threads to be nonfreezable by default (ie. to
have PF_NOFREEZE set by default) and introduces the set_freezable()
function that should be called by the freezable kernel threads in order to
unset PF_NOFREEZE. It also makes all of the currently freezable kernel
threads call set_freezable(), so it shouldn't cause any (intentional)
change of behaviour to appear. Additionally, it updates documentation to
describe the freezing of tasks more accurately.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch enables the unshare of user namespaces.
It adds a new clone flag CLONE_NEWUSER and implements copy_user_ns() which
resets the current user_struct and adds a new root user (uid == 0)
For now, unsharing the user namespace allows a process to reset its
user_struct accounting and uid 0 in the new user namespace should be contained
using appropriate means, for instance selinux
The plan, when the full support is complete (all uid checks covered), is to
keep the original user's rights in the original namespace, and let a process
become uid 0 in the new namespace, with full capabilities to the new
namespace.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Andrew Morgan <agm@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Basically, it will allow a process to unshare its user_struct table,
resetting at the same time its own user_struct and all the associated
accounting.
A new root user (uid == 0) is added to the user namespace upon creation.
Such root users have full privileges and it seems that theses privileges
should be controlled through some means (process capabilities ?)
The unshare is not included in this patch.
Changes since [try #4]:
- Updated get_user_ns and put_user_ns to accept NULL, and
get_user_ns to return the namespace.
Changes since [try #3]:
- moved struct user_namespace to files user_namespace.{c,h}
Changes since [try #2]:
- removed struct user_namespace* argument from find_user()
Changes since [try #1]:
- removed struct user_namespace* argument from find_user()
- added a root_user per user namespace
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Andrew Morgan <agm@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add TTY input auditing, used to audit system administrator's actions. This is
required by various security standards such as DCID 6/3 and PCI to provide
non-repudiation of administrator's actions and to allow a review of past
actions if the administrator seems to overstep their duties or if the system
becomes misconfigured for unknown reasons. These requirements do not make it
necessary to audit TTY output as well.
Compared to an user-space keylogger, this approach records TTY input using the
audit subsystem, correlated with other audit events, and it is completely
transparent to the user-space application (e.g. the console ioctls still
work).
TTY input auditing works on a higher level than auditing all system calls
within the session, which would produce an overwhelming amount of mostly
useless audit events.
Add an "audit_tty" attribute, inherited across fork (). Data read from TTYs
by process with the attribute is sent to the audit subsystem by the kernel.
The audit netlink interface is extended to allow modifying the audit_tty
attribute, and to allow sending explanatory audit events from user-space (for
example, a shell might send an event containing the final command, after the
interactive command-line editing and history expansion is performed, which
might be difficult to decipher from the TTY input alone).
Because the "audit_tty" attribute is inherited across fork (), it would be set
e.g. for sshd restarted within an audited session. To prevent this, the
audit_tty attribute is cleared when a process with no open TTY file
descriptors (e.g. after daemon startup) opens a TTY.
See https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2007-June/msg00000.html for a
more detailed rationale document for an older version of this patch.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Fulghum <paulkf@microgate.com>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Cc: Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 411187fb05 caused boot time to move and
process start times to become invalid after suspend. Using boot based time
for those restores the old behaviour and fixes the issue.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: little cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Tomas Janousek <tjanouse@redhat.com>
Cc: Tomas Smetana <tsmetana@redhat.com>
Acked-by: John Stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently try_to_freeze_tasks() has to wait until all of the vforked processes
exit and for this reason every user can make it fail. To fix this problem we
can introduce the additional process flag PF_FREEZER_SKIP to be used by tasks
that do not want to be counted as freezable by the freezer and want to have
TIF_FREEZE set nevertheless. Then, this flag can be set by tasks using
sys_vfork() before they call wait_for_completion(&vfork) and cleared after
they have woken up. After clearing it, the tasks should call try_to_freeze()
as soon as possible.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR is always specified. No point in checking it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <aia21@cantab.net>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@ucw.cz>
Cc: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch series implements the new signalfd() system call.
I took part of the original Linus code (and you know how badly it can be
broken :), and I added even more breakage ;) Signals are fetched from the same
signal queue used by the process, so signalfd will compete with standard
kernel delivery in dequeue_signal(). If you want to reliably fetch signals on
the signalfd file, you need to block them with sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK). This
seems to be working fine on my Dual Opteron machine. I made a quick test
program for it:
http://www.xmailserver.org/signafd-test.c
The signalfd() system call implements signal delivery into a file descriptor
receiver. The signalfd file descriptor if created with the following API:
int signalfd(int ufd, const sigset_t *mask, size_t masksize);
The "ufd" parameter allows to change an existing signalfd sigmask, w/out going
to close/create cycle (Linus idea). Use "ufd" == -1 if you want a brand new
signalfd file.
The "mask" allows to specify the signal mask of signals that we are interested
in. The "masksize" parameter is the size of "mask".
The signalfd fd supports the poll(2) and read(2) system calls. The poll(2)
will return POLLIN when signals are available to be dequeued. As a direct
consequence of supporting the Linux poll subsystem, the signalfd fd can use
used together with epoll(2) too.
The read(2) system call will return a "struct signalfd_siginfo" structure in
the userspace supplied buffer. The return value is the number of bytes copied
in the supplied buffer, or -1 in case of error. The read(2) call can also
return 0, in case the sighand structure to which the signalfd was attached,
has been orphaned. The O_NONBLOCK flag is also supported, and read(2) will
return -EAGAIN in case no signal is available.
If the size of the buffer passed to read(2) is lower than sizeof(struct
signalfd_siginfo), -EINVAL is returned. A read from the signalfd can also
return -ERESTARTSYS in case a signal hits the process. The format of the
struct signalfd_siginfo is, and the valid fields depends of the (->code &
__SI_MASK) value, in the same way a struct siginfo would:
struct signalfd_siginfo {
__u32 signo; /* si_signo */
__s32 err; /* si_errno */
__s32 code; /* si_code */
__u32 pid; /* si_pid */
__u32 uid; /* si_uid */
__s32 fd; /* si_fd */
__u32 tid; /* si_fd */
__u32 band; /* si_band */
__u32 overrun; /* si_overrun */
__u32 trapno; /* si_trapno */
__s32 status; /* si_status */
__s32 svint; /* si_int */
__u64 svptr; /* si_ptr */
__u64 utime; /* si_utime */
__u64 stime; /* si_stime */
__u64 addr; /* si_addr */
};
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix signalfd_copyinfo() on i386]
Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use task_pgrp() and task_session() in copy_process(), and avoid find_pid()
call when attaching the task to its process group and session.
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <containers@lists.osdl.org>
Acked-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Modify copy_process() to take a struct pid * parameter instead of a pid_t.
This simplifies the code a bit and also avoids having to call find_pid() to
convert the pid_t to a struct pid.
Changelog:
- Fixed Badari Pulavarty's comments and passed in &init_struct_pid
from fork_idle().
- Fixed Eric Biederman's comments and simplified this patch and
used a new patch to remove the likely(pid) check.
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: <containers@lists.osdl.org>
Acked-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
attach_pid() currently takes a pid_t and then uses find_pid() to find the
corresponding struct pid. Sometimes we already have the struct pid. We can
then skip find_pid() if attach_pid() were to take a struct pid parameter.
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <containers@lists.osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING is defined, we update io accounting counters for
each task.
This patch permits reporting of values using the well known getrusage()
syscall, filling ru_inblock and ru_oublock instead of null values.
As TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING currently counts bytes counts, we approximate blocks
count doing : nr_blocks = nr_bytes / 512
Example of use :
----------------------
After patch is applied, /usr/bin/time command can now give a good
approximation of IO that the process had to do.
$ /usr/bin/time grep tototo /usr/include/*
Command exited with non-zero status 1
0.00user 0.02system 0:02.11elapsed 1%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
24288inputs+0outputs (0major+259minor)pagefaults 0swaps
$ /usr/bin/time dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/testfile count=1000
1000+0 enregistrements lus
1000+0 enregistrements écrits
512000 octets (512 kB) copiés, 0,00326601 seconde, 157 MB/s
0.00user 0.00system 0:00.00elapsed 80%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+3000outputs (0major+299minor)pagefaults 0swaps
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This finally renames the thread_info field in task structure to stack, so that
the assumptions about this field are gone and archs have more freedom about
placing the thread_info structure.
Nonbroken archs which have a proper thread pointer can do the access to both
current thread and task structure via a single pointer.
It'll allow for a few more cleanups of the fork code, from which e.g. ia64
could benefit.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Kazumoto Kojima <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp>
Cc: Richard Curnow <rc@rc0.org.uk>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove includes of <linux/smp_lock.h> where it is not used/needed.
Suggested by Al Viro.
Builds cleanly on x86_64, i386, alpha, ia64, powerpc, sparc,
sparc64, and arm (all 59 defconfigs).
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sys_clone() and sys_unshare() both makes copies of nsproxy and its associated
namespaces. But they have different code paths.
This patch merges all the nsproxy and its associated namespace copy/clone
handling (as much as possible). Posted on container list earlier for
feedback.
- Create a new nsproxy and its associated namespaces and pass it back to
caller to attach it to right process.
- Changed all copy_*_ns() routines to return a new copy of namespace
instead of attaching it to task->nsproxy.
- Moved the CAP_SYS_ADMIN checks out of copy_*_ns() routines.
- Removed unnessary !ns checks from copy_*_ns() and added BUG_ON()
just incase.
- Get rid of all individual unshare_*_ns() routines and make use of
copy_*_ns() instead.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups, warning fix]
[clg@fr.ibm.com: remove dup_namespaces() declaration]
[serue@us.ibm.com: fix CONFIG_IPC_NS=n, clone(CLONE_NEWIPC) retval]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build with CONFIG_SYSVIPC=n]
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: <containers@lists.osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I have never seen a use of SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL. It is only supported by
SLAB.
I think its purpose was to have a callback after an object has been freed
to verify that the state is the constructor state again? The callback is
performed before each freeing of an object.
I would think that it is much easier to check the object state manually
before the free. That also places the check near the code object
manipulation of the object.
Also the SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL callback is only performed if the kernel was
compiled with SLAB debugging on. If there would be code in a constructor
handling SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL then it would have to be conditional on
SLAB_DEBUG otherwise it would just be dead code. But there is no such code
in the kernel. I think SLUB_DEBUG_INITIAL is too problematic to make real
use of, difficult to understand and there are easier ways to accomplish the
same effect (i.e. add debug code before kfree).
There is a related flag SLAB_CTOR_VERIFY that is frequently checked to be
clear in fs inode caches. Remove the pointless checks (they would even be
pointless without removeal of SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL) from the fs constructors.
This is the last slab flag that SLUB did not support. Remove the check for
unimplemented flags from SLUB.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add hooks to allow a paravirt implementation to track the lifetime of
an mm. Paravirtualization requires three hooks, but only two are
needed in common code. They are:
arch_dup_mmap, which is called when a new mmap is created at fork
arch_exit_mmap, which is called when the last process reference to an
mm is dropped, which typically happens on exit and exec.
The third hook is activate_mm, which is called from the arch-specific
activate_mm() macro/function, and so doesn't need stub versions for
other architectures. It's called when an mm is first used.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@SteelEye.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
- hrtimers did not use the hrtimer_restart enum and relied on the implict
int representation. Fix the prototypes and the functions using the enums.
- Use seperate name spaces for the enumerations
- Convert hrtimer_restart macro to inline function
- Add comments
No functional changes.
[akpm@osdl.org: fix input driver]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Of kernel subsystems that work with pids the tty layer is probably the largest
consumer. But it has the nice virtue that the assiation with a session only
lasts until the session leader exits. Which means that no reference counting
is required. So using struct pid winds up being a simple optimization to
avoid hash table lookups.
In the long term the use of pid_nr also ensures that when we have multiple pid
spaces mixed everything will work correctly.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <eric@maxwell.lnxi.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
They are fat: 4x8 bytes in task_struct.
They are uncoditionally updated in every fork, read, write and sendfile.
They are used only if you have some "extended acct fields feature".
And please, please, please, read(2) knows about bytes, not characters,
why it is called "rchar"?
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 7a238fcba0 in
preparation for a better and simpler fix proposed by Eric Biederman
(and fixed up by Serge Hallyn)
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix exit race by splitting the nsproxy putting into two pieces. First
piece reduces the nsproxy refcount. If we dropped the last reference, then
it puts the mnt_ns, and returns the nsproxy as a hint to the caller. Else
it returns NULL. The second piece of exiting task namespaces sets
tsk->nsproxy to NULL, and drops the references to other namespaces and
frees the nsproxy only if an nsproxy was passed in.
A little awkward and should probably be reworked, but hopefully it fixes
the NFS oops.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Daniel Hokka Zakrisson <daniel@hozac.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Virtually index, physically tagged cache architectures can get away
without cache flushing when forking. This patch adds a new cache
flushing function flush_cache_dup_mm(struct mm_struct *) which for the
moment I've implemented to do the same thing on all architectures
except on MIPS where it's a no-op.
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
An fdtable can either be embedded inside a files_struct or standalone (after
being expanded). When an fdtable is being discarded after all RCU references
to it have expired, we must either free it directly, in the standalone case,
or free the files_struct it is contained within, in the embedded case.
Currently the free_files field controls this behavior, but we can get rid of
it entirely, as all the necessary information is already recorded. We can
distinguish embedded and standalone fdtables using max_fds, and if it is
embedded we can divine the relevant files_struct using container_of().
Signed-off-by: Vadim Lobanov <vlobanov@speakeasy.net>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Currently, each fdtable supports three dynamically-sized arrays of data: the
fdarray and two fdsets. The code allows the number of fds supported by the
fdarray (fdtable->max_fds) to differ from the number of fds supported by each
of the fdsets (fdtable->max_fdset).
In practice, it is wasteful for these two sizes to differ: whenever we hit a
limit on the smaller-capacity structure, we will reallocate the entire fdtable
and all the dynamic arrays within it, so any delta in the memory used by the
larger-capacity structure will never be touched at all.
Rather than hogging this excess, we shouldn't even allocate it in the first
place, and keep the capacities of the fdarray and the fdsets equal. This
patch removes fdtable->max_fdset. As an added bonus, most of the supporting
code becomes simpler.
Signed-off-by: Vadim Lobanov <vlobanov@speakeasy.net>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The dup_fd() function creates a new files_struct and fdtable embedded inside
that files_struct, and then possibly expands the fdtable using expand_files().
The out_release error path is invoked when expand_files() returns an error
code. However, when this attempt to expand fails, the fdtable is left in its
original embedded form, so it is pointless to try to free the associated
fdarray and fdsets.
Signed-off-by: Vadim Lobanov <vlobanov@speakeasy.net>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The present per-task IO accounting isn't very useful. It simply counts the
number of bytes passed into read() and write(). So if a process reads 1MB
from an already-cached file, it is accused of having performed 1MB of I/O,
which is wrong.
(David Wright had some comments on the applicability of the present logical IO accounting:
For billing purposes it is useless but for workload analysis it is very
useful
read_bytes/read_calls average read request size
write_bytes/write_calls average write request size
read_bytes/read_blocks ie logical/physical can indicate hit rate or thrashing
write_bytes/write_blocks ie logical/physical guess since pdflush writes can
be missed
I often look for logical larger than physical to see filesystem cache
problems. And the bytes/cpusec can help find applications that are
dominating the cache and causing slow interactive response from page cache
contention.
I want to find the IO intensive applications and make sure they are doing
efficient IO. Thus the acctcms(sysV) or csacms command would give the high
IO commands).
This patchset adds new accounting which tries to be more accurate. We account
for three things:
reads:
attempt to count the number of bytes which this process really did cause
to be fetched from the storage layer. Done at the submit_bio() level, so it
is accurate for block-backed filesystems. I also attempt to wire up NFS and
CIFS.
writes:
attempt to count the number of bytes which this process caused to be sent
to the storage layer. This is done at page-dirtying time.
The big inaccuracy here is truncate. If a process writes 1MB to a file
and then deletes the file, it will in fact perform no writeout. But it will
have been accounted as having caused 1MB of write.
So...
cancelled_writes:
account the number of bytes which this process caused to not happen, by
truncating pagecache.
We _could_ just subtract this from the process's `write' accounting. But
that means that some processes would be reported to have done negative
amounts of write IO, which is silly.
So we just report the raw number and punt this decision up to userspace.
Now, we _could_ account for writes at the physical I/O level. But
- This would require that we track memory-dirtying tasks at the per-page
level (would require a new pointer in struct page).
- It would mean that IO statistics for a process are usually only available
long after that process has exitted. Which means that we probably cannot
communicate this info via taskstats.
This patch:
Wire up the kernel-private data structures and the accessor functions to
manipulate them.
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Sturtivant <csturtiv@sgi.com>
Cc: Tony Ernst <tee@sgi.com>
Cc: Guillaume Thouvenin <guillaume.thouvenin@bull.net>
Cc: David Wright <daw@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Rename 'struct namespace' to 'struct mnt_namespace' to avoid confusion with
other namespaces being developped for the containers : pid, uts, ipc, etc.
'namespace' variables and attributes are also renamed to 'mnt_ns'
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add an anonymous union and ((deprecated)) to catch direct usage of the
session field.
[akpm@osdl.org: fix various missed conversions]
[jdike@addtoit.com: fix UML bug]
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace occurences of task->signal->session by a new process_session() helper
routine.
It will be useful for pid namespaces to abstract the session pid number.
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Change all the uses of f_{dentry,vfsmnt} to f_path.{dentry,mnt} in
linux/kernel/.
Signed-off-by: Josef "Jeff" Sipek <jsipek@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
sys_unshare(CLONE_SIGHAND) is broken, the code under 'if (new_sigh)' is
never executed but very wrong. Just remove it to avoid a confusion,
task_lock() has nothing to do with ->sighand changing.
Also, change the comment in unshare_sighand(). Yes, CLONE_THREAD implies
CLONE_SIGHAND, but still it looks confusing. Also, we don't need to check
current->sighand != NULL.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Allocate ->signal->stats on demand in taskstats_exit(), this allows us to
remove taskstats_tgid_alloc() (the last non-trivial inline) from taskstat's
public interface.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID flag is used by NPTL to have its threads
communicate via memory/futex when they exit, so pthread_join can
synchronize using a simple futex wait. The word of user memory where NPTL
stores a thread's own TID is what it passes; this gets reset to zero at
thread exit.
It is not desireable to touch this user memory when threads are dying due
to a fatal signal. A core dump is more usefully representative of the
dying program state if the threads live at the time of the crash have their
NPTL data structures unperturbed. The userland expectation of
CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID has only ever been that it works for a thread making
an _exit system call.
This problem was identified by Ernie Petrides <petrides@redhat.com>.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ernie Petrides <petrides@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace all uses of kmem_cache_t with struct kmem_cache.
The patch was generated using the following script:
#!/bin/sh
#
# Replace one string by another in all the kernel sources.
#
set -e
for file in `find * -name "*.c" -o -name "*.h"|xargs grep -l $1`; do
quilt add $file
sed -e "1,\$s/$1/$2/g" $file >/tmp/$$
mv /tmp/$$ $file
quilt refresh
done
The script was run like this
sh replace kmem_cache_t "struct kmem_cache"
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SLAB_KERNEL is an alias of GFP_KERNEL.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The new swap token patches replace the current token traversal algo. The old
algo had a crude timeout parameter that was used to handover the token from
one task to another. This algo, transfers the token to the tasks that are in
need of the token. The urgency for the token is based on the number of times
a task is required to swap-in pages. Accordingly, the priority of a task is
incremented if it has been badly affected due to swap-outs. To ensure that
the token doesnt bounce around rapidly, the token holders are given a priority
boost. The priority of tasks is also decremented, if their rate of swap-in's
keeps reducing. This way, the condition to check whether to pre-empt the swap
token, is a matter of comparing two task's priority fields.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Ashwin Chaugule <ashwin.chaugule@celunite.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch is the meat of the PDA change. This patch makes several related
changes:
1: Most significantly, %gs is now used in the kernel. This means that on
entry, the old value of %gs is saved away, and it is reloaded with
__KERNEL_PDA.
2: entry.S constructs the stack in the shape of struct pt_regs, and this
is passed around the kernel so that the process's saved register
state can be accessed.
Unfortunately struct pt_regs doesn't currently have space for %gs
(or %fs). This patch extends pt_regs to add space for gs (no space
is allocated for %fs, since it won't be used, and it would just
complicate the code in entry.S to work around the space).
3: Because %gs is now saved on the stack like %ds, %es and the integer
registers, there are a number of places where it no longer needs to
be handled specially; namely context switch, and saving/restoring the
register state in a signal context.
4: And since kernel threads run in kernel space and call normal kernel
code, they need to be created with their %gs == __KERNEL_PDA.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Cc: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
The return value of copy_process() should be checked by IS_ERR().
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This reverts commit 0130b0b32e.
Sergey Vlasov points out (and Vadim Lobanov concurs) that the bug it was
supposed to fix must be some unrelated memory corruption, and the "fix"
actually causes more problems:
"However, the new code does not look safe in all cases. If some other
task has opened more files while dup_fd() released oldf->file_lock, the
new code will update open_files to the new larger value. But newf was
allocated with the old smaller value of open_files, therefore subsequent
accesses to newf may try to write into unallocated memory."
so revert it.
Cc: Sharyathi Nagesh <sharyath@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Sergey Vlasov <vsu@altlinux.ru>
Cc: Vadim Lobanov <vlobanov@speakeasy.net>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
On running the Stress Test on machine for more than 72 hours following
error message was observed.
0:mon> e
cpu 0x0: Vector: 300 (Data Access) at [c00000007ce2f7f0]
pc: c000000000060d90: .dup_fd+0x240/0x39c
lr: c000000000060d6c: .dup_fd+0x21c/0x39c
sp: c00000007ce2fa70
msr: 800000000000b032
dar: ffffffff00000028
dsisr: 40000000
current = 0xc000000074950980
paca = 0xc000000000454500
pid = 27330, comm = bash
0:mon> t
[c00000007ce2fa70] c000000000060d28 .dup_fd+0x1d8/0x39c (unreliable)
[c00000007ce2fb30] c000000000060f48 .copy_files+0x5c/0x88
[c00000007ce2fbd0] c000000000061f5c .copy_process+0x574/0x1520
[c00000007ce2fcd0] c000000000062f88 .do_fork+0x80/0x1c4
[c00000007ce2fdc0] c000000000011790 .sys_clone+0x5c/0x74
[c00000007ce2fe30] c000000000008950 .ppc_clone+0x8/0xc
The problem is because of race window. When if(expand) block is executed in
dup_fd unlocking of oldf->file_lock give a window for fdtable in oldf to be
modified. So actual open_files in oldf may not match with open_files
variable.
Cc: Vadim Lobanov <vlobanov@speakeasy.net>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
signal_struct is (mostly) protected by ->sighand->siglock, I think we don't
need ->taskstats_lock to protect ->stats. This also allows us to simplify the
locking in fill_tgid().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
taskstats_tgid_free() is called on copy_process's error path. This is wrong.
IF (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)
We should not clear ->signal->taskstats, current uses it,
it probably has a valid accumulated info.
ELSE
taskstats_tgid_init() set ->signal->taskstats = NULL,
there is nothing to free.
Move the callsite to __exit_signal(). We don't need any locking, entire
thread group is exiting, nobody should have a reference to soon to be
released ->signal.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
BUG: warning at kernel/rtmutex-debug.c:125/rt_mutex_debug_task_free() (Not tainted)
[<c04051e3>] show_trace_log_lvl+0x58/0x16a
[<c04057f0>] show_trace+0xd/0x10
[<c0405900>] dump_stack+0x19/0x1b
[<c043f03d>] rt_mutex_debug_task_free+0x35/0x6a
[<c04224c0>] free_task+0x15/0x24
[<c042378c>] copy_process+0x12bd/0x1324
[<c0423835>] do_fork+0x42/0x113
[<c04021dd>] sys_fork+0x19/0x1b
[<c0403fb7>] syscall_call+0x7/0xb
In copy_process(), dup_task_struct() also duplicates the ->pi_lock,
->pi_waiters and ->pi_blocked_on members. rt_mutex_debug_task_free()
called from free_task() validates these members. However free_task() can
be invoked before these members are reset for the new task.
Move the initialization code before the first bail that can hit free_task().
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch set allows to unshare IPCs and have a private set of IPC objects
(sem, shm, msg) inside namespace. Basically, it is another building block of
containers functionality.
This patch implements core IPC namespace changes:
- ipc_namespace structure
- new config option CONFIG_IPC_NS
- adds CLONE_NEWIPC flag
- unshare support
[clg@fr.ibm.com: small fix for unshare of ipc namespace]
[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The nsproxy was being copied in unshare() when anything was being unshared,
even if it was something not referenced from nsproxy. This should end up
in some cases with far more memory usage than necessary.
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Andrey Savochkin <saw@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Implement a CLONE_NEWUTS flag, and use it at clone and sys_unshare.
[clg@fr.ibm.com: IPC unshare fix]
[bunk@stusta.de: cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Andrey Savochkin <saw@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This moves the mount namespace into the nsproxy. The mount namespace count
now refers to the number of nsproxies point to it, rather than the number of
tasks. As a result, the unshare_namespace() function in kernel/fork.c no
longer checks whether it is being shared.
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Andrey Savochkin <saw@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch adds a nsproxy structure to the task struct. Later patches will
move the fs namespace pointer into this structure, and introduce a new utsname
namespace into the nsproxy.
The vserver and openvz functionality, then, would be implemented in large part
by virtualizing/isolating more and more resources into namespaces, each
contained in the nsproxy.
[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Andrey Savochkin <saw@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There were a few accounting data/macros that are used in CSA but are #ifdef'ed
inside CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT. This patch is to change those ifdef's from
CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT to CONFIG_TASK_XACCT. A few defines are moved from
kernel/acct.c and include/linux/acct.h to kernel/tsacct.c and
include/linux/tsacct_kern.h.
Signed-off-by: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Chris Sturtivant <csturtiv@sgi.com>
Cc: Tony Ernst <tee@sgi.com>
Cc: Guillaume Thouvenin <guillaume.thouvenin@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
copy_process:
// holds tasklist_lock + ->siglock
/*
* inherit ioprio
*/
p->ioprio = current->ioprio;
Why? ->ioprio was already copied in dup_task_struct(). I guess this is
needed to ensure that the child can't escape
sys_ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_{PGRP,USER}), yes?
In that case we don't need ->siglock held, and the comment should be
updated.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch adds the per thread cookie field to the task struct and the PDA.
Also it makes sure that the PDA value gets the new cookie value at context
switch, and that a new task gets a new cookie at task creation time.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
CC: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
ARM has interrupts enabled over context switches (iow, has
__ARCH_WANT_INTERRUPTS_ON_CTXSW defined.) The lockdep code in fork.c
assumes that interrupts are always disabled. Fix this wrong
assumption by making the initialisation of 'p->hardirqs_enabled'
depend on __ARCH_WANT_INTERRUPTS_ON_CTXSW.
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cleanup allocation and freeing of tsk->delays used by delay accounting.
This solves two problems reported for delay accounting:
1. oops in __delayacct_blkio_ticks
http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0608.2/1844.html
Currently tsk->delays is getting freed too early in task exit which can
cause a NULL tsk->delays to get accessed via reading of /proc/<tgid>/stats.
The patch fixes this problem by freeing tsk->delays closer to when
task_struct itself is freed up. As a result, it also eliminates the use of
tsk->delays_lock which was only being used (inadequately) to safeguard
access to tsk->delays while a task was exiting.
2. Possible memory leak in kernel/delayacct.c
http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0608.2/1389.html
The patch cleans up tsk->delays allocations after a bad fork which was
missing earlier.
The patch has been tested to fix the problems listed above and stress
tested with rapid calls to delay accounting's taskstats command interface
(which is the other path that can access the same data, besides the /proc
interface causing the oops above).
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When delivering PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE, provide pid of the child process
when tracer calls ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG). This is already
(accidentally) available when the tracer is tracing VFORK in addition to
VFORK_DONE.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Cc: Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
Cc: Albert Cahalan <acahalan@gmail.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Send per-tgid data only once during exit of a thread group instead of once
with each member thread exit.
Currently, when a thread exits, besides its per-tid data, the per-tgid data
of its thread group is also sent out, if its thread group is non-empty.
The per-tgid data sent consists of the sum of per-tid stats for all
*remaining* threads of the thread group.
This patch modifies this sending in two ways:
- the per-tgid data is sent only when the last thread of a thread group
exits. This cuts down heavily on the overhead of sending/receiving
per-tgid data, especially when other exploiters of the taskstats
interface aren't interested in per-tgid stats
- the semantics of the per-tgid data sent are changed. Instead of being
the sum of per-tid data for remaining threads, the value now sent is the
true total accumalated statistics for all threads that are/were part of
the thread group.
The patch also addresses a minor issue where failure of one accounting
subsystem to fill in the taskstats structure was causing the send of
taskstats to not be sent at all.
The patch has been tested for stability and run cerberus for over 4 hours
on an SMP.
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfixes]
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initialization code related to collection of per-task "delay" statistics which
measure how long it had to wait for cpu, sync block io, swapping etc. The
collection of statistics and the interface are in other patches. This patch
sets up the data structures and allows the statistics collection to be
disabled through a kernel boot parameter.
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au>
Cc: Erich Focht <efocht@ess.nec.de>
Cc: Levent Serinol <lserinol@gmail.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
As announced half a year ago this patch will remove the tasklist_lock
export. The previous two patches got rid of the remaining modular users.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
cleanup: remove task_t and convert all the uses to struct task_struct. I
introduced it for the scheduler anno and it was a mistake.
Conversion was mostly scripted, the result was reviewed and all
secondary whitespace and style impact (if any) was fixed up by hand.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Teach special (recursive) locking code to the lock validator. Has no effect
on non-lockdep kernels.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Do 'make oldconfig' and accept all the defaults for new config options -
reboot into the kernel and if everything goes well it should boot up fine and
you should have /proc/lockdep and /proc/lockdep_stats files.
Typically if the lock validator finds some problem it will print out
voluminous debug output that begins with "BUG: ..." and which syslog output
can be used by kernel developers to figure out the precise locking scenario.
What does the lock validator do? It "observes" and maps all locking rules as
they occur dynamically (as triggered by the kernel's natural use of spinlocks,
rwlocks, mutexes and rwsems). Whenever the lock validator subsystem detects a
new locking scenario, it validates this new rule against the existing set of
rules. If this new rule is consistent with the existing set of rules then the
new rule is added transparently and the kernel continues as normal. If the
new rule could create a deadlock scenario then this condition is printed out.
When determining validity of locking, all possible "deadlock scenarios" are
considered: assuming arbitrary number of CPUs, arbitrary irq context and task
context constellations, running arbitrary combinations of all the existing
locking scenarios. In a typical system this means millions of separate
scenarios. This is why we call it a "locking correctness" validator - for all
rules that are observed the lock validator proves it with mathematical
certainty that a deadlock could not occur (assuming that the lock validator
implementation itself is correct and its internal data structures are not
corrupted by some other kernel subsystem). [see more details and conditionals
of this statement in include/linux/lockdep.h and
Documentation/lockdep-design.txt]
Furthermore, this "all possible scenarios" property of the validator also
enables the finding of complex, highly unlikely multi-CPU multi-context races
via single single-context rules, increasing the likelyhood of finding bugs
drastically. In practical terms: the lock validator already found a bug in
the upstream kernel that could only occur on systems with 3 or more CPUs, and
which needed 3 very unlikely code sequences to occur at once on the 3 CPUs.
That bug was found and reported on a single-CPU system (!). So in essence a
race will be found "piecemail-wise", triggering all the necessary components
for the race, without having to reproduce the race scenario itself! In its
short existence the lock validator found and reported many bugs before they
actually caused a real deadlock.
To further increase the efficiency of the validator, the mapping is not per
"lock instance", but per "lock-class". For example, all struct inode objects
in the kernel have inode->inotify_mutex. If there are 10,000 inodes cached,
then there are 10,000 lock objects. But ->inotify_mutex is a single "lock
type", and all locking activities that occur against ->inotify_mutex are
"unified" into this single lock-class. The advantage of the lock-class
approach is that all historical ->inotify_mutex uses are mapped into a single
(and as narrow as possible) set of locking rules - regardless of how many
different tasks or inode structures it took to build this set of rules. The
set of rules persist during the lifetime of the kernel.
To see the rough magnitude of checking that the lock validator does, here's a
portion of /proc/lockdep_stats, fresh after bootup:
lock-classes: 694 [max: 2048]
direct dependencies: 1598 [max: 8192]
indirect dependencies: 17896
all direct dependencies: 16206
dependency chains: 1910 [max: 8192]
in-hardirq chains: 17
in-softirq chains: 105
in-process chains: 1065
stack-trace entries: 38761 [max: 131072]
combined max dependencies: 2033928
hardirq-safe locks: 24
hardirq-unsafe locks: 176
softirq-safe locks: 53
softirq-unsafe locks: 137
irq-safe locks: 59
irq-unsafe locks: 176
The lock validator has observed 1598 actual single-thread locking patterns,
and has validated all possible 2033928 distinct locking scenarios.
More details about the design of the lock validator can be found in
Documentation/lockdep-design.txt, which can also found at:
http://redhat.com/~mingo/lockdep-patches/lockdep-design.txt
[bunk@stusta.de: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Accurate hard-IRQ-flags and softirq-flags state tracing.
This allows us to attach extra functionality to IRQ flags on/off
events (such as trace-on/off).
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Generic lock debugging:
- generalized lock debugging framework. For example, a bug in one lock
subsystem turns off debugging in all lock subsystems.
- got rid of the caller address passing (__IP__/__IP_DECL__/etc.) from
the mutex/rtmutex debugging code: it caused way too much prototype
hackery, and lockdep will give the same information anyway.
- ability to do silent tests
- check lock freeing in vfree too.
- more finegrained debugging options, to allow distributions to
turn off more expensive debugging features.
There's no separate 'held mutexes' list anymore - but there's a 'held locks'
stack within lockdep, which unifies deadlock detection across all lock
classes. (this is independent of the lockdep validation stuff - lockdep first
checks whether we are holding a lock already)
Here are the current debugging options:
CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y
which do:
config DEBUG_MUTEXES
bool "Mutex debugging, basic checks"
config DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
bool "Detect incorrect freeing of live mutexes"
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This adds the actual pi-futex implementation, based on rt-mutexes.
[dino@in.ibm.com: fix an oops-causing race]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Core functions for the rt-mutex subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
After the previous patch SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT implies a pending SIGKILL, we
can remove this check from copy_process() because we already checked
!signal_pending().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
To keep the dcache from filling up with dead /proc entries we flush them on
process exit. However over the years that code has gotten hairy with a
dentry_pointer and a lock in task_struct and misdocumented as a correctness
feature.
I have rewritten this code to look and see if we have a corresponding entry in
the dcache and if so flush it on process exit. This removes the extra fields
in the task_struct and allows me to trivially handle the case of a
/proc/<tgid>/task/<pid> entry as well as the current /proc/<pid> entries.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The pacct facility need an i/o operation when an accounting record is
generated. There is a possibility to wake OOM killer up. If OOM killer is
activated, it kills some processes to make them release process memory
regions.
But acct_process() is called in the killed processes context before calling
exit_mm(), so those processes cannot release own memory. In the results, any
processes stop in this point and it finally cause a system stall.
Set errorp in dup_fd, it will be used in sys_unshare also.
Signed-off-by: Prasanna Meda <mlp@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
exit_aio() and exit_mmap() can sleep. But it's easy to accidentally call
mmput() from inside locks.
Cc: Dave Peterson <dsp@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
While we can currently walk through thread groups, process groups, and
sessions with just the rcu_read_lock, this opens the door to walking the
entire task list.
We already have all of the other RCU guarantees so there is no cost in
doing this, this should be enough so that proc can stop taking the
tasklist lock during readdir.
prev_task was killed because it has no users, and using it will miss new
tasks when doing an rcu traversal.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Somehow in the midst of dotting i's and crossing t's during
the merge up to rc1 we wound up keeping __put_task_struct_cb
when it should have been killed as it no longer has any users.
Sorry I probably should have caught this while it was
still in the -mm tree.
Having the old code there gets confusing when reading
through the code and trying to understand what is
happening.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Wrong error path in dup_fd() - it should return NULL on error,
not an address of already freed memory :/
Triggered by OpenVZ stress test suite.
What is interesting is that it was causing different oopses in RCU like
below:
Call Trace:
[<c013492c>] rcu_do_batch+0x2c/0x80
[<c0134bdd>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x3d/0x70
[<c0126cf3>] tasklet_action+0x73/0xe0
[<c01269aa>] __do_softirq+0x10a/0x130
[<c01058ff>] do_softirq+0x4f/0x60
=======================
[<c0113817>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0x110
[<c0103b54>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x1c/0x24
Code: Bad EIP value.
<0>Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
Signed-Off-By: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@sw.ru>
Signed-Off-By: Dmitry Mishin <dim@openvz.org>
Signed-Off-By: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Signed-Off-By: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Simplifies the code, reduces the need for 4 pid hash tables, and makes the
code more capable.
In the discussions I had with Oleg it was felt that to a large extent the
cleanup itself justified the work. With struct pid being dynamically
allocated meant we could create the hash table entry when the pid was
allocated and free the hash table entry when the pid was freed. Instead of
playing with the hash lists when ever a process would attach or detach to a
process.
For myself the fact that it gave what my previous task_ref patch gave for free
with simpler code was a big win. The problem is that if you hold a reference
to struct task_struct you lock in 10K of low memory. If you do that in a user
controllable way like /proc does, with an unprivileged but hostile user space
application with typical resource limits of 1000 fds and 100 processes I can
trigger the OOM killer by consuming all of low memory with task structs, on a
machine wight 1GB of low memory.
If I instead hold a reference to struct pid which holds a pointer to my
task_struct, I don't suffer from that problem because struct pid is 2 orders
of magnitude smaller. In fact struct pid is small enough that most other
kernel data structures dwarf it, so simply limiting the number of referring
data structures is enough to prevent exhaustion of low memory.
This splits the current struct pid into two structures, struct pid and struct
pid_link, and reduces our number of hash tables from PIDTYPE_MAX to just one.
struct pid_link is the per process linkage into the hash tables and lives in
struct task_struct. struct pid is given an indepedent lifetime, and holds
pointers to each of the pid types.
The independent life of struct pid simplifies attach_pid, and detach_pid,
because we are always manipulating the list of pids and not the hash table.
In addition in giving struct pid an indpendent life it makes the concept much
more powerful.
Kernel data structures can now embed a struct pid * instead of a pid_t and
not suffer from pid wrap around problems or from keeping unnecessarily
large amounts of memory allocated.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This just got nuked in mainline. Bring it back because Eric's patches use it.
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Move 'tsk->sighand = NULL' from cleanup_sighand() to __exit_signal(). This
makes the exit path more understandable and allows us to do
cleanup_sighand() outside of ->siglock protected section.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Eric W. Biederman wrote:
>
> Ok. SUSV3/Posix is clear, fork is atomic with respect
> to signals. Either a signal comes before or after a
> fork but not during. (See the rationale section).
> http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fork.html
>
> The tasklist_lock does not stop forks from adding to a process
> group. The forks stall while the tasklist_lock is held, but a fork
> that began before we grabbed the tasklist_lock simply completes
> afterwards, and the child does not receive the signal.
This also means that SIGSTOP or sig_kernel_coredump() signal can't
be delivered to pgrp/session reliably.
With this patch copy_process() returns -ERESTARTNOINTR when it
detects a pending signal, fork() will be restarted transparently
after handling the signals.
This patch also deletes now unneeded "group_stop_count > 0" check,
copy_process() can no longer succeed while group stop in progress.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-By: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch kills PIDTYPE_TGID pid_type thus saving one hash table in
kernel/pid.c and speeding up subthreads create/destroy a bit. It is also a
preparation for the further tref/pids rework.
This patch adds 'struct list_head thread_group' to 'struct task_struct'
instead.
We don't detach group leader from PIDTYPE_PID namespace until another
thread inherits it's ->pid == ->tgid, so we are safe wrt premature
free_pidmap(->tgid) call.
Currently there are no users of find_task_by_pid_type(PIDTYPE_TGID).
Should the need arise, we can use find_task_by_pid()->group_leader.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-By: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Cosmetic, rename __exit_sighand to cleanup_sighand and move it close to
copy_sighand().
This matches copy_signal/cleanup_signal naming, and I think it is easier to
follow.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
__exit_signal() does important cleanups atomically under ->siglock. It is
also called from copy_process's error path. This is not good, for example we
can't move __unhash_process() under ->siglock for that reason.
We should not mix these 2 paths, just look at ugly 'if (p->sighand)' under
'bad_fork_cleanup_sighand:' label. For copy_process() case it is sufficient
to just backout copy_signal(), nothing more.
Again, nobody can see this task yet. For CLONE_THREAD case we just decrement
signal->count, otherwise nobody can see this ->signal and we can free it
lockless.
This patch assumes it is safe to do exit_thread_group_keys() without
tasklist_lock.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The only caller of exit_sighand(tsk) is copy_process's error path. We can
call __exit_sighand() directly and kill exit_sighand().
This 'tsk' was not yet registered in pid_hash[] or init_task.tasks, it has no
external references, nobody can see it, and
IF (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND)
At least 'current' has a reference to ->sighand, this
means atomic_dec_and_test(sighand->count) can't be true.
ELSE
Nobody can see this ->sighand, this means we can free it
without any locking.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch borrows a clever Hugh's 'struct anon_vma' trick.
Without tasklist_lock held we can't trust task->sighand until we locked it
and re-checked that it is still the same.
But this means we don't need to defer 'kmem_cache_free(sighand)'. We can
return the memory to slab immediately, all we need is to be sure that
sighand->siglock can't dissapear inside rcu protected section.
To do so we need to initialize ->siglock inside ctor function,
SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU does the rest.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
fork_idle() does unhash_process() just after copy_process(). Contrary,
boot_cpu's idle thread explicitely registers itself for each pid_type with nr
= 0.
copy_process() already checks p->pid != 0 before process_counts++, I think we
can just skip attach_pid() calls and job control inits for idle threads and
kill unhash_process(). We don't need to cleanup ->proc_dentry in fork_idle()
because with this patch idle threads are never hashed in
kernel/pid.c:pid_hash[].
We don't need to hash pid == 0 in pidmap_init(). free_pidmap() is never
called with pid == 0 arg, so it will never be reused. So it is still possible
to use pid == 0 in any PIDTYPE_xxx namespace from kernel/pid.c's POV.
However with this patch we don't hash pid == 0 for PIDTYPE_PID case. We still
have have PIDTYPE_PGID/PIDTYPE_SID entries with pid == 0: /sbin/init and
kernel threads which don't call daemonize().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Both SET_LINKS() and SET_LINKS/REMOVE_LINKS() have exactly one caller, and
these callers already check thread_group_leader().
This patch kills theese macros, they mix two different things: setting
process's parent and registering it in init_task.tasks list. Callers are
updated to do these actions by hand.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- fix: initialize the robust list(s) to NULL in copy_process.
- doc update
- cleanup: rename _inuser to _inatomic
- __user cleanups and other small cleanups
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial:
drivers/char/ftape/lowlevel/fdc-io.c: Correct a comment
Kconfig help: MTD_JEDECPROBE already supports Intel
Remove ugly debugging stuff
do_mounts.c: Minor ROOT_DEV comment cleanup
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in mm/mempool.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in mm/memory.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in kernel/fork.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in ipc/sem.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/ext2/
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/hfs/
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/dcache.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/buffer.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in input/serio/hp_sdc_mlc.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in md/dm-table.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in md/dm-path-selector.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/isdn
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/char
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/mtd/
The nanosleep cleanup allows to remove the data field of hrtimer. The
callback function can use container_of() to get it's own data. Since the
hrtimer structure is anyway embedded in other structures, this adds no
overhead.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
this changes if() BUG(); constructs to BUG_ON() which is
cleaner, contains unlikely() and can better optimized away.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
The hooks in the slab cache allocator code path for support of NUMA
mempolicies and cpuset memory spreading are in an important code path. Many
systems will use neither feature.
This patch optimizes those hooks down to a single check of some bits in the
current tasks task_struct flags. For non NUMA systems, this hook and related
code is already ifdef'd out.
The optimization is done by using another task flag, set if the task is using
a non-default NUMA mempolicy. Taking this flag bit along with the
PF_SPREAD_PAGE and PF_SPREAD_SLAB flag bits added earlier in this 'cpuset
memory spreading' patch set, one can check for the combination of any of these
special case memory placement mechanisms with a single test of the current
tasks task_struct flags.
This patch also tightens up the code, to save a few bytes of kernel text
space, and moves some of it out of line. Due to the nested inlines called
from multiple places, we were ending up with three copies of this code, which
once we get off the main code path (for local node allocation) seems a bit
wasteful of instruction memory.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
1) Reduce the size of (struct fdtable) to exactly 64 bytes on 32bits
platforms, lowering kmalloc() allocated space by 50%.
2) Reduce the size of (files_struct), using a special 32 bits (or
64bits) embedded_fd_set, instead of a 1024 bits fd_set for the
close_on_exec_init and open_fds_init fields. This save some ram (248
bytes per task) as most tasks dont open more than 32 files. D-Cache
footprint for such tasks is also reduced to the minimum.
3) Reduce size of allocated fdset. Currently two full pages are
allocated, that is 32768 bits on x86 for example, and way too much. The
minimum is now L1_CACHE_BYTES.
UP and SMP should benefit from this patch, because most tasks will touch
only one cache line when open()/close() stdin/stdout/stderr (0/1/2),
(next_fd, close_on_exec_init, open_fds_init, fd_array[0 .. 2] being in the
same cache line)
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
A bare bones trivial patch to ensure we always get -EINVAL on the
unsupported cases for sys_unshare. If this goes in before 2.6.16 it allows
us to forward compatible with future applications using sys_unshare.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: JANAK DESAI <janak@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kerenl.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
sys_unshare() does mmput(new_mm). This is not enough if we have
mm->core_waiters.
This patch is a temporary fix for soon to be released 2.6.16.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
[ Checked with Uli: "I'm not planning to use unshare(CLONE_VM). It's
not needed for any functionality planned so far. What we (as in Red
Hat) need unshare() for now is the filesystem side." ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The sighand pointer only needs the rcu_read_lock on the
read side. So only depending on task_lock protection
when setting this pointer is not enough. We also need
a memory barrier to ensure the initialization is seen first.
Use rcu_assign_pointer as it does this for us, and clearly
documents that we are setting an rcu readable pointer.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch fixes alternate signal stack corruption among cloned threads
with CLONE_SIGHAND (and CLONE_VM) for linux-2.6.16-rc6.
The value of alternate signal stack is currently inherited after a call of
clone(... CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_VM). But if sigaltstack is set by a
parent thread, and then if multiple cloned child threads (+ parent threads)
call signal handler at the same time, some threads may be conflicted -
because they share to use the same alternative signal stack region.
Finally they get sigsegv. It's an undesirable race condition. Note that
child threads created from NPTL pthread_create() also hit this conflict
when the parent thread uses sigaltstack, without my patch.
To fix this problem, this patch clears the child threads' sigaltstack
information like exec(). This behavior follows the SUSv3 specification.
In SUSv3, pthread_create() says "The alternate stack shall not be inherited
(when new threads are initialized)". It means that sigaltstack should be
cleared when sigaltstack memory space is shared by cloned threads with
CLONE_SIGHAND.
Note that I chose "if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND)" line because:
- If clone_flags line is not existed, fork() does not inherit sigaltstack.
- CLONE_VM is another choice, but vfork() does not inherit sigaltstack.
- CLONE_SIGHAND implies CLONE_VM, and it looks suitable.
- CLONE_THREAD is another candidate, and includes CLONE_SIGHAND + CLONE_VM,
but this flag has a bit different semantics.
I decided to use CLONE_SIGHAND.
[ Changed to test for CLONE_VM && !CLONE_VFORK after discussion --Linus ]
Signed-off-by: GOTO Masanori <gotom@sanori.org>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The patch '[PATCH] RCU signal handling' [1] added an export for
__put_task_struct_cb, a put_task_struct helper newly introduced in that
patch. But the put_task_struct couldn't be used modular previously as
__put_task_struct wasn't exported. There are not callers of it in modular
code, and it shouldn't be exported because we don't want drivers to hold
references to task_structs.
This patch removes the export and folds __put_task_struct into
__put_task_struct_cb as there's no other caller.
[1] http://www2.kernel.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=e56d090310d7625ecb43a1eeebd479f04affb48b
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
copy_process:
attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PID, p->pid);
attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_TGID, p->tgid);
What if kill_proc_info(p->pid) happens in between?
copy_process() holds current->sighand.siglock, so we are safe
in CLONE_THREAD case, because current->sighand == p->sighand.
Otherwise, p->sighand is unlocked, the new process is already
visible to the find_task_by_pid(), but have a copy of parent's
'struct pid' in ->pids[PIDTYPE_TGID].
This means that __group_complete_signal() may hang while doing
do ... while (next_thread() != p)
We can solve this problem if we reverse these 2 attach_pid()s:
attach_pid() does wmb()
group_send_sig_info() calls spin_lock(), which
provides a read barrier. // Yes ?
I don't think we can hit this race in practice, but still.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There is a window after copy_process() unlocks ->sighand.siglock
and before it adds the new thread to the thread list.
In that window __group_complete_signal(SIGKILL) will not see the
new thread yet, so this thread will start running while the whole
thread group was supposed to exit.
I beleive we have another good reason to place attach_pid(PID/TGID)
under ->sighand.siglock. We can do the same for
release_task()->__unhash_process()
de_thread()->switch_exec_pids()
After that we don't need tasklist_lock to iterate over the thread
list, and we can simplify things, see for example do_sigaction()
or sys_times().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If the file descriptor structure is being shared, allocate a new one and copy
information from the current, shared, structure.
Signed-off-by: Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If vm structure is being shared, allocate a new one and copy information from
the current, shared, structure.
Signed-off-by: Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If the namespace structure is being shared, allocate a new one and copy
information from the current, shared, structure.
Signed-off-by: Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If filesystem structure is being shared, allocate a new one and copy
information from the current, shared, structure.
Signed-off-by: Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
sys_unshare system call handler function accepts the same flags as clone
system call, checks constraints on each of the flags and invokes corresponding
unshare functions to disassociate respective process context if it was being
shared with another task.
Here is the link to a program for testing unshare system call.
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/audit/unshare_test.c?download
Please note that because of a problem in rmdir associated with bind mounts and
clone with CLONE_NEWNS, the test fails while trying to remove temporary test
directory. You can remove that temporary directory by doing rmdir, twice,
from the command line. The first will fail with EBUSY, but the second will
succeed. I have reported the problem to Ram Pai and Al Viro with a small
program which reproduces the problem. Al told us yesterday that he will be
looking at the problem soon. I have tried multiple rmdirs from the
unshare_test program itself, but for some reason that is not working. Doing
two rmdirs from command line does seem to remove the directory.
Signed-off-by: Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Clean up the interface to hrtimers by changing the init code to pass the mode
as well as the clock. This allow the init code to select the correct base and
eliminates extra timer re-init code in posix-timers. We also simplify the
restart interface nanosleep use.
Signed-off-by: George Anzinger <george@mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
vSMP specific alignment patch to
1. Define INTERNODE_CACHE_SHIFT for vSMP
2. Use this for alignment of critical structures
3. Use INTERNODE_CACHE_SHIFT for ARCH_MIN_TASKALIGN,
and let the slab align task_struct allocations to the internode cacheline size
4. Introduce and use ARCH_MIN_MMSTRUCT_ALIGN for mm_struct slab allocations.
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalemp.com>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalemp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- Move capable() from sched.h to capability.h;
- Use <linux/capability.h> where capable() is used
(in include/, block/, ipc/, kernel/, a few drivers/,
mm/, security/, & sound/;
many more drivers/ to go)
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In fork, child should recopy parent's pgrp/tty after it has tasklist_lock.
Otherwise following a setpgid() on the parent, *after* copy_signal(), the
child will own a stale pgrp (which may be reused); (eg. if copy_mm()
sleeps a long while due to memory pressure). Similar issue for the tty.
Signed-off-by: Oren Laadan <orenl@cs.columbia.edu>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix obscure, never seen in real life, cpuset fork race. The cpuset_fork()
call in fork.c was setting up the correct task->cpuset pointer after the
tasklist_lock was dropped, which briefly exposed the newly forked process with
an unsafe (copied from parent without locks or usage counter increment) cpuset
pointer.
In theory, that exposed cpuset pointer could have been pointing at a cpuset
that was already freed and removed, and in theory another task that had been
sitting on the tasklist_lock waiting to scan the task list could have raced
down the entire tasklist, found our new child at the far end, and dereferenced
that bogus cpuset pointer.
To fix, setup up the correct cpuset pointer in the new child by calling
cpuset_fork() before the new task is linked into the tasklist, and with that,
add a fork failure case, to dereference that cpuset, if the fork fails along
the way, after cpuset_fork() was called.
Had to remove a BUG_ON() from cpuset_exit(), because it was no longer valid -
the call to cpuset_exit() from a failed fork would not have PF_EXITING set.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
RCU tasklist_lock and RCU signal handling: send signals RCU-read-locked
instead of tasklist_lock read-locked. This is a scalability improvement on
SMP and a preemption-latency improvement under PREEMPT_RCU.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: William Irwin <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Move the cpuset_fork() call below the write_unlock_irq call in
kernel/fork.c copy_process().
Since the cpuset-dual-semaphore-locking-overhaul.patch, the cpuset_fork()
routine acquires task_lock(), so cannot be called while holding the
tasklist_lock for write.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Don't do that - it does GFP_KERNEL allocations, for a start.
(Reported by Guillaume Thouvenin <guillaume.thouvenin@bull.net>)
Acked-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
For copy_one_pte's print_bad_pte to show the task correctly (instead of
"???"), dup_mmap must pass down parent vma rather than child vma.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Sync iocbs have a life cycle that don't need a kioctx. Their retrying, if
any, is done in the context of their owner who has allocated them on the
stack.
The sole user of a sync iocb's ctx reference was aio_complete() checking for
an elevated iocb ref count that could never happen. No path which grabs an
iocb ref has access to sync iocbs.
If we were to implement sync iocb cancelation it would be done by the owner of
the iocb using its on-stack reference.
Removing this chunk from aio_complete allows us to remove the entire kioctx
instance from mm_struct, reducing its size by a third. On a i386 testing box
the slab size went from 768 to 504 bytes and from 5 to 8 per page.
Signed-off-by: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
encapsulates the rest of arch-dependent operations with thread_info access.
Two new helpers - setup_thread_stack() and end_of_stack(). For normal case
the former consists of copying thread_info of parent to new thread_info and
the latter returns pointer immediately past the end of thread_info.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
new helper - task_thread_info(task). On platforms that have thread_info
allocated separately (i.e. in default case) it simply returns
task->thread_info. m68k wants (and for good reasons) to embed its thread_info
into task_struct. So it will (in later patch) have task_thread_info() of its
own. For now we just add a macro for generic case and convert existing
instances of its body in core kernel to uses of new macro. Obviously safe -
all normal architectures get the same preprocessor output they used to get.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
sparc64 is unique among architectures in taking the page_table_lock in
its context switch (well, cris does too, but erroneously, and it's not
yet SMP anyway).
This seems to be a private affair between switch_mm and activate_mm,
using page_table_lock as a per-mm lock, without any relation to its uses
elsewhere. That's fine, but comment it as such; and unlock sooner in
switch_mm, more like in activate_mm (preemption is disabled here).
There is a block of "if (0)"ed code in smp_flush_tlb_pending which would
have liked to rely on the page_table_lock, in switch_mm and elsewhere;
but its comment explains how dup_mmap's flush_tlb_mm defeated it. And
though that could have been changed at any time over the past few years,
now the chance vanishes as we push the page_table_lock downwards, and
perhaps split it per page table page. Just delete that block of code.
Which leaves the mysterious spin_unlock_wait(&oldmm->page_table_lock)
in kernel/fork.c copy_mm. Textual analysis (supported by Nick Piggin)
suggests that the comment was written by DaveM, and that it relates to
the defeated approach in the sparc64 smp_flush_tlb_pending. Just delete
this block too.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds a connector that reports fork, exec, id change, and exit
events for all processes to userspace. It replaces the fork_advisor patch
that ELSA is currently using. Applications that may find these events
useful include accounting/auditing (e.g. ELSA), system activity monitoring
(e.g. top), security, and resource management (e.g. CKRM).
Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Second step in pushing down the page_table_lock. Remove the temporary
bridging hack from __pud_alloc, __pmd_alloc, __pte_alloc: expect callers not
to hold page_table_lock, whether it's on init_mm or a user mm; take
page_table_lock internally to check if a racing task already allocated.
Convert their callers from common code. But avoid coming back to change them
again later: instead of moving the spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock) down,
switch over to new macros pte_alloc_map_lock and pte_unmap_unlock, which
encapsulate the mapping+locking and unlocking+unmapping together, and in the
end may use alternatives to the mm page_table_lock itself.
These callers all hold mmap_sem (some exclusively, some not), so at no level
can a page table be whipped away from beneath them; and pte_alloc uses the
"atomic" pmd_present to test whether it needs to allocate. It appears that on
all arches we can safely descend without page_table_lock.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
One anomaly remains from when Andrea rationalized the responsibilities of
mmap_sem and page_table_lock: in dup_mmap we add vmas to the child holding its
page_table_lock, but not the mmap_sem which normally guards the vma list and
rbtree. Which could be an issue for unuse_mm: though since it just walks down
the list (today with page_table_lock, tomorrow not), it's probably okay. Will
need a memory barrier? Oh, keep it simple, Nick and I agreed, no harm in
taking child's mmap_sem here.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use the parent's oldmm throughout dup_mmap, instead of perversely going back
to current->mm. (Can you hear the sigh of relief from those mpnts? Usually I
squash them, but not today.)
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I was lazy when we added anon_rss, and chose to change as few places as
possible. So currently each anonymous page has to be counted twice, in rss
and in anon_rss. Which won't be so good if those are atomic counts in some
configurations.
Change that around: keep file_rss and anon_rss separately, and add them
together (with get_mm_rss macro) when the total is needed - reading two
atomics is much cheaper than updating two atomics. And update anon_rss
upfront, typically in memory.c, not tucked away in page_add_anon_rmap.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
How is anon_rss initialized? In dup_mmap, and by mm_alloc's memset; but
that's not so good if an mm_counter_t is a special type. And how is rss
initialized? By set_mm_counter, all over the place. Come on, we just need to
initialize them both at once by set_mm_counter in mm_init (which follows the
memcpy when forking).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The original vm_stat_account has fallen into disuse, with only one user, and
only one user of vm_stat_unaccount. It's easier to keep track if we convert
them all to __vm_stat_account, then free it from its __shackles.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The PF_NOFREEZE process flag should not be inherited when a thread is
forked. This patch (as585) removes the flag from the child.
This problem is starting to show up more and more as drivers turn to the
kthread API instead of using kernel_thread(). As a result, their kernel
threads are now children of the kthread worker instead of modprobe, and
they inherit the PF_NOFREEZE flag. This can cause problems during system
suspend; the kernel threads are not getting frozen as they ought to be.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix a problem wherein a new-born task is added to a dead CPU.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Acked-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Patch to eliminate struct files_struct.file_lock spinlock on the reader side
and use rcu refcounting rcuref_xxx api for the f_count refcounter. The
updates to the fdtable are done by allocating a new fdtable structure and
setting files->fdt to point to the new structure. The fdtable structure is
protected by RCU thereby allowing lock-free lookup. For fd arrays/sets that
are vmalloced, we use keventd to free them since RCU callbacks can't sleep. A
global list of fdtable to be freed is not scalable, so we use a per-cpu list.
If keventd is already handling the current cpu's work, we use a timer to defer
queueing of that work.
Since the last publication, this patch has been re-written to avoid using
explicit memory barriers and use rcu_assign_pointer(), rcu_dereference()
premitives instead. This required that the fd information is kept in a
separate structure (fdtable) and updated atomically.
Signed-off-by: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In order for the RCU to work, the file table array, sets and their sizes must
be updated atomically. Instead of ensuring this through too many memory
barriers, we put the arrays and their sizes in a separate structure. This
patch takes the first step of putting the file table elements in a separate
structure fdtable that is embedded withing files_struct. It also changes all
the users to refer to the file table using files_fdtable() macro. Subsequent
applciation of RCU becomes easier after this.
Signed-off-by: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Race is as follows. Process A forks process B, both being part of the same
session. Then, A calls disassociate_ctty while B forks C:
A B
==== ====
fork()
copy_signal()
dissasociate_ctty() ....
attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_SID, p->signal->session);
Now, C can have current->signal->tty pointing to a freed tty structure, as
it hasn't yet been added to the session group (to have its controlling tty
cleared on the diassociate_ctty() call).
This has shown up as an oops but could be even more serious. I haven't
tried to create a test case, but a customer has verified that the patch
below resolves the issue, which was occuring quite frequently. I'll try
and post the test case if i can.
The patch simply checks for a NULL tty *after* it has been attached to the
proper session group and clears it as necessary. Alternatively, we could
simply do the tty assignment after the the process is added to the proper
session group.
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
An oversight. We don't want to carry the IO scheduler's "we hold exclusive fs
resources" hint over to the child across fork().
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>,
Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade_spam@yahoo.it>,
Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com>
Adds a new ptrace(2) mode, called PTRACE_SYSEMU, resembling PTRACE_SYSCALL
except that the kernel does not execute the requested syscall; this is useful
to improve performance for virtual environments, like UML, which want to run
the syscall on their own.
In fact, using PTRACE_SYSCALL means stopping child execution twice, on entry
and on exit, and each time you also have two context switches; with SYSEMU you
avoid the 2nd stop and so save two context switches per syscall.
Also, some architectures don't have support in the host for changing the
syscall number via ptrace(), which is currently needed to skip syscall
execution (UML turns any syscall into getpid() to avoid it being executed on
the host). Fixing that is hard, while SYSEMU is easier to implement.
* This version of the patch includes some suggestions of Jeff Dike to avoid
adding any instructions to the syscall fast path, plus some other little
changes, by myself, to make it work even when the syscall is executed with
SYSENTER (but I'm unsure about them). It has been widely tested for quite a
lot of time.
* Various fixed were included to handle the various switches between
various states, i.e. when for instance a syscall entry is traced with one of
PT_SYSCALL / _SYSEMU / _SINGLESTEP and another one is used on exit.
Basically, this is done by remembering which one of them was used even after
the call to ptrace_notify().
* We're combining TIF_SYSCALL_EMU with TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE or TIF_SINGLESTEP
to make do_syscall_trace() notice that the current syscall was started with
SYSEMU on entry, so that no notification ought to be done in the exit path;
this is a bit of a hack, so this problem is solved in another way in next
patches.
* Also, the effects of the patch:
"Ptrace - i386: fix Syscall Audit interaction with singlestep"
are cancelled; they are restored back in the last patch of this series.
Detailed descriptions of the patches doing this kind of processing follow (but
I've already summed everything up).
* Fix behaviour when changing interception kind #1.
In do_syscall_trace(), we check the status of the TIF_SYSCALL_EMU flag
only after doing the debugger notification; but the debugger might have
changed the status of this flag because he continued execution with
PTRACE_SYSCALL, so this is wrong. This patch fixes it by saving the flag
status before calling ptrace_notify().
* Fix behaviour when changing interception kind #2:
avoid intercepting syscall on return when using SYSCALL again.
A guest process switching from using PTRACE_SYSEMU to PTRACE_SYSCALL
crashes.
The problem is in arch/i386/kernel/entry.S. The current SYSEMU patch
inhibits the syscall-handler to be called, but does not prevent
do_syscall_trace() to be called after this for syscall completion
interception.
The appended patch fixes this. It reuses the flag TIF_SYSCALL_EMU to
remember "we come from PTRACE_SYSEMU and now are in PTRACE_SYSCALL", since
the flag is unused in the depicted situation.
* Fix behaviour when changing interception kind #3:
avoid intercepting syscall on return when using SINGLESTEP.
When testing 2.6.9 and the skas3.v6 patch, with my latest patch and had
problems with singlestepping on UML in SKAS with SYSEMU. It looped
receiving SIGTRAPs without moving forward. EIP of the traced process was
the same for all SIGTRAPs.
What's missing is to handle switching from PTRACE_SYSCALL_EMU to
PTRACE_SINGLESTEP in a way very similar to what is done for the change from
PTRACE_SYSCALL_EMU to PTRACE_SYSCALL_TRACE.
I.e., after calling ptrace(PTRACE_SYSEMU), on the return path, the debugger is
notified and then wake ups the process; the syscall is executed (or skipped,
when do_syscall_trace() returns 0, i.e. when using PTRACE_SYSEMU), and
do_syscall_trace() is called again. Since we are on the return path of a
SYSEMU'd syscall, if the wake up is performed through ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL),
we must still avoid notifying the parent of the syscall exit. Now, this
behaviour is extended even to resuming with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP.
Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
dup_mmap of a VM_DONTCOPY vma forgot to lower the child's total_vm. (But
no way does this account for the recent report of total_vm seen too low.)
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This updates the CFQ io scheduler to the new time sliced design (cfq
v3). It provides full process fairness, while giving excellent
aggregate system throughput even for many competing processes. It
supports io priorities, either inherited from the cpu nice value or set
directly with the ioprio_get/set syscalls. The latter closely mimic
set/getpriority.
This import is based on my latest from -mm.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Consolidate balance-on-exec with balance-on-fork. This is made easy by the
sched-domains RCU patches.
As well as the general goodness of code reduction, this allows the runqueues
to be unlocked during balance-on-fork.
schedstats is a problem. Maybe just have balance-on-event instead of
distinguishing fork and exec?
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove part of comment on linking new vma in dup_mmap: since anon_vma rmap
came in, try_to_unmap_one knows the vma without needing find_vma. But add
a comment to note that here vma is inserted without mmap_sem.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Ingo recently introduced a great speedup for allocating new mmaps using the
free_area_cache pointer which boosts the specweb SSL benchmark by 4-5% and
causes huge performance increases in thread creation.
The downside of this patch is that it does lead to fragmentation in the
mmap-ed areas (visible via /proc/self/maps), such that some applications
that work fine under 2.4 kernels quickly run out of memory on any 2.6
kernel.
The problem is twofold:
1) the free_area_cache is used to continue a search for memory where
the last search ended. Before the change new areas were always
searched from the base address on.
So now new small areas are cluttering holes of all sizes
throughout the whole mmap-able region whereas before small holes
tended to close holes near the base leaving holes far from the base
large and available for larger requests.
2) the free_area_cache also is set to the location of the last
munmap-ed area so in scenarios where we allocate e.g. five regions of
1K each, then free regions 4 2 3 in this order the next request for 1K
will be placed in the position of the old region 3, whereas before we
appended it to the still active region 1, placing it at the location
of the old region 2. Before we had 1 free region of 2K, now we only
get two free regions of 1K -> fragmentation.
The patch addresses thes issues by introducing yet another cache descriptor
cached_hole_size that contains the largest known hole size below the
current free_area_cache. If a new request comes in the size is compared
against the cached_hole_size and if the request can be filled with a hole
below free_area_cache the search is started from the base instead.
The results look promising: Whereas 2.6.12-rc4 fragments quickly and my
(earlier posted) leakme.c test program terminates after 50000+ iterations
with 96 distinct and fragmented maps in /proc/self/maps it performs nicely
(as expected) with thread creation, Ingo's test_str02 with 20000 threads
requires 0.7s system time.
Taking out Ingo's patch (un-patch available per request) by basically
deleting all mentions of free_area_cache from the kernel and starting the
search for new memory always at the respective bases we observe: leakme
terminates successfully with 11 distinctive hardly fragmented areas in
/proc/self/maps but thread creating is gringdingly slow: 30+s(!) system
time for Ingo's test_str02 with 20000 threads.
Now - drumroll ;-) the appended patch works fine with leakme: it ends with
only 7 distinct areas in /proc/self/maps and also thread creation seems
sufficiently fast with 0.71s for 20000 threads.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Wander <wwc@rentec.com>
Credit-to: "Richard Purdie" <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> (partly)
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Frank Mayhar