Replace places where __get_cpu_var() is used for an address calculation
with this_cpu_ptr().
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we have two pairs of kmemcg-related functions that are called on
slab alloc/free. The first is memcg_{bind,release}_pages that count the
total number of pages allocated on a kmem cache. The second is
memcg_{un}charge_slab that {un}charge slab pages to kmemcg resource
counter. Let's just merge them to keep the code clean.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we create a sl[au]b cache, we allocate kmem_cache_node structures
for each online NUMA node. To handle nodes taken online/offline, we
register memory hotplug notifier and allocate/free kmem_cache_node
corresponding to the node that changes its state for each kmem cache.
To synchronize between the two paths we hold the slab_mutex during both
the cache creationg/destruction path and while tuning per-node parts of
kmem caches in memory hotplug handler, but that's not quite right,
because it does not guarantee that a newly created cache will have all
kmem_cache_nodes initialized in case it races with memory hotplug. For
instance, in case of slub:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
kmem_cache_create: online_pages:
__kmem_cache_create: slab_memory_callback:
slab_mem_going_online_callback:
lock slab_mutex
for each slab_caches list entry
allocate kmem_cache node
unlock slab_mutex
lock slab_mutex
init_kmem_cache_nodes:
for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY)
allocate kmem_cache node
add kmem_cache to slab_caches list
unlock slab_mutex
online_pages (continued):
node_states_set_node
As a result we'll get a kmem cache with not all kmem_cache_nodes
allocated.
To avoid issues like that we should hold get/put_online_mems() during
the whole kmem cache creation/destruction/shrink paths, just like we
deal with cpu hotplug. This patch does the trick.
Note, that after it's applied, there is no need in taking the slab_mutex
for kmem_cache_shrink any more, so it is removed from there.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kmem_cache_{create,destroy,shrink} need to get a stable value of
cpu/node online mask, because they init/destroy/access per-cpu/node
kmem_cache parts, which can be allocated or destroyed on cpu/mem
hotplug. To protect against cpu hotplug, these functions use
{get,put}_online_cpus. However, they do nothing to synchronize with
memory hotplug - taking the slab_mutex does not eliminate the
possibility of race as described in patch 2.
What we need there is something like get_online_cpus, but for memory.
We already have lock_memory_hotplug, which serves for the purpose, but
it's a bit of a hammer right now, because it's backed by a mutex. As a
result, it imposes some limitations to locking order, which are not
desirable, and can't be used just like get_online_cpus. That's why in
patch 1 I substitute it with get/put_online_mems, which work exactly
like get/put_online_cpus except they block not cpu, but memory hotplug.
[ v1 can be found at https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/4/6/68. I NAK'ed it by
myself, because it used an rw semaphore for get/put_online_mems,
making them dead lock prune. ]
This patch (of 2):
{un}lock_memory_hotplug, which is used to synchronize against memory
hotplug, is currently backed by a mutex, which makes it a bit of a
hammer - threads that only want to get a stable value of online nodes
mask won't be able to proceed concurrently. Also, it imposes some
strong locking ordering rules on it, which narrows down the set of its
usage scenarios.
This patch introduces get/put_online_mems, which are the same as
get/put_online_cpus, but for memory hotplug, i.e. executing a code
inside a get/put_online_mems section will guarantee a stable value of
online nodes, present pages, etc.
lock_memory_hotplug()/unlock_memory_hotplug() are removed altogether.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently to allocate a page that should be charged to kmemcg (e.g.
threadinfo), we pass __GFP_KMEMCG flag to the page allocator. The page
allocated is then to be freed by free_memcg_kmem_pages. Apart from
looking asymmetrical, this also requires intrusion to the general
allocation path. So let's introduce separate functions that will
alloc/free pages charged to kmemcg.
The new functions are called alloc_kmem_pages and free_kmem_pages. They
should be used when the caller actually would like to use kmalloc, but
has to fall back to the page allocator for the allocation is large.
They only differ from alloc_pages and free_pages in that besides
allocating or freeing pages they also charge them to the kmem resource
counter of the current memory cgroup.
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: export kmalloc_order() to modules]
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have only a few places where we actually want to charge kmem so
instead of intruding into the general page allocation path with
__GFP_KMEMCG it's better to explictly charge kmem there. All kmem
charges will be easier to follow that way.
This is a step towards removing __GFP_KMEMCG. It removes __GFP_KMEMCG
from memcg caches' allocflags. Instead it makes slab allocation path
call memcg_charge_kmem directly getting memcg to charge from the cache's
memcg params.
This also eliminates any possibility of misaccounting an allocation
going from one memcg's cache to another memcg, because now we always
charge slabs against the memcg the cache belongs to. That's why this
patch removes the big comment to memcg_kmem_get_cache.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There used to be only one path out of __slab_alloc(), and ALLOC_SLOWPATH
got bumped in that exit path. Now there are two, and a bunch of gotos.
ALLOC_SLOWPATH can now get set more than once during a single call to
__slab_alloc() which is pretty bogus. Here's the sequence:
1. Enter __slab_alloc(), fall through all the way to the
stat(s, ALLOC_SLOWPATH);
2. hit 'if (!freelist)', and bump DEACTIVATE_BYPASS, jump to
new_slab (goto #1)
3. Hit 'if (c->partial)', bump CPU_PARTIAL_ALLOC, goto redo
(goto #2)
4. Fall through in the same path we did before all the way to
stat(s, ALLOC_SLOWPATH)
5. bump ALLOC_REFILL stat, then return
Doing this is obviously bogus. It keeps us from being able to
accurately compare ALLOC_SLOWPATH vs. ALLOC_FASTPATH. It also means
that the total number of allocs always exceeds the total number of
frees.
This patch moves stat(s, ALLOC_SLOWPATH) to be called from the same
place that __slab_alloc() is. This makes it much less likely that
ALLOC_SLOWPATH will get botched again in the spaghetti-code inside
__slab_alloc().
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the slab or slub allocators cannot allocate additional slab pages,
they emit diagnostic information to the kernel log such as current
number of slabs, number of objects, active objects, etc. This is always
coupled with a page allocation failure warning since it is controlled by
!__GFP_NOWARN.
Suppress this out of memory warning if the allocator is configured
without debug supported. The page allocation failure warning will
indicate it is a failed slab allocation, the order, and the gfp mask, so
this is only useful to diagnose allocator issues.
Since CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG is already enabled by default for the slub
allocator, there is no functional change with this patch. If debug is
disabled, however, the warnings are now suppressed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Inspired by Joe Perches suggestion in ntfs logging clean-up.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All printk(KERN_foo converted to pr_foo()
Default printk converted to pr_warn()
Coalesce format fragments
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After creating a cache for a memcg we should initialize its sysfs attrs
with the values from its parent. That's what memcg_propagate_slab_attrs
is for. Currently it's broken - we clearly muddled root-vs-memcg caches
there. Let's fix it up.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull slab changes from Pekka Enberg:
"The biggest change is byte-sized freelist indices which reduces slab
freelist memory usage:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/12/2/64"
* 'slab/next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
mm: slab/slub: use page->list consistently instead of page->lru
mm/slab.c: cleanup outdated comments and unify variables naming
slab: fix wrongly used macro
slub: fix high order page allocation problem with __GFP_NOFAIL
slab: Make allocations with GFP_ZERO slightly more efficient
slab: make more slab management structure off the slab
slab: introduce byte sized index for the freelist of a slab
slab: restrict the number of objects in a slab
slab: introduce helper functions to get/set free object
slab: factor out calculate nr objects in cache_estimate
Statistics are not critical to the operation of the allocation but
should also not cause too much overhead.
When __this_cpu_inc is altered to check if preemption is disabled this
triggers. Use raw_cpu_inc to avoid the checks. Using this_cpu_ops may
cause interrupt disable/enable sequences on various arches which may
significantly impact allocator performance.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The failure paths of sysfs_slab_add don't release the allocation of
'name' made by create_unique_id() a few lines above the context of the
diff below. Create a common exit path to make it more obvious what
needs freeing.
[vdavydov@parallels.com: free the name only if !unmergeable]
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@fedoraproject.org>
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, we try to arrange sysfs entries for memcg caches in the same
manner as for global caches. Apart from turning /sys/kernel/slab into a
mess when there are a lot of kmem-active memcgs created, it actually
does not work properly - we won't create more than one link to a memcg
cache in case its parent is merged with another cache. For instance, if
A is a root cache merged with another root cache B, we will have the
following sysfs setup:
X
A -> X
B -> X
where X is some unique id (see create_unique_id()). Now if memcgs M and
N start to allocate from cache A (or B, which is the same), we will get:
X
X:M
X:N
A -> X
B -> X
A:M -> X:M
A:N -> X:N
Since B is an alias for A, we won't get entries B:M and B:N, which is
confusing.
It is more logical to have entries for memcg caches under the
corresponding root cache's sysfs directory. This would allow us to keep
sysfs layout clean, and avoid such inconsistencies like one described
above.
This patch does the trick. It creates a "cgroup" kset in each root
cache kobject to keep its children caches there.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Otherwise, kzalloc() called from a memcg won't clear the whole object.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a kmem cache is created (kmem_cache_create_memcg()), we first try to
find a compatible cache that already exists and can handle requests from
the new cache, i.e. has the same object size, alignment, ctor, etc. If
there is such a cache, we do not create any new caches, instead we simply
increment the refcount of the cache found and return it.
Currently we do this procedure not only when creating root caches, but
also for memcg caches. However, there is no point in that, because, as
every memcg cache has exactly the same parameters as its parent and cache
merging cannot be turned off in runtime (only on boot by passing
"slub_nomerge"), the root caches of any two potentially mergeable memcg
caches should be merged already, i.e. it must be the same root cache, and
therefore we couldn't even get to the memcg cache creation, because it
already exists.
The only exception is boot caches - they are explicitly forbidden to be
merged by setting their refcount to -1. There are currently only two of
them - kmem_cache and kmem_cache_node, which are used in slab internals (I
do not count kmalloc caches as their refcount is set to 1 immediately
after creation). Since they are prevented from merging preliminary I
guess we should avoid to merge their children too.
So let's remove the useless code responsible for merging memcg caches.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
slab_node() is actually a mempolicy function, so rename it to
mempolicy_slab_node() to make it clearer that it used for processes with
mempolicies.
At the same time, cleanup its code by saving numa_mem_id() in a local
variable (since we require a node with memory, not just any node) and
remove an obsolete comment that assumes the mempolicy is actually passed
into the function.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Tim Hockin <thockin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We release the slab_mutex while calling sysfs_slab_add from
__kmem_cache_create since commit 66c4c35c6b ("slub: Do not hold
slub_lock when calling sysfs_slab_add()"), because kobject_uevent called
by sysfs_slab_add might block waiting for the usermode helper to exec,
which would result in a deadlock if we took the slab_mutex while
executing it.
However, apart from complicating synchronization rules, releasing the
slab_mutex on kmem cache creation can result in a kmemcg-related race.
The point is that we check if the memcg cache exists before going to
__kmem_cache_create, but register the new cache in memcg subsys after
it. Since we can drop the mutex there, several threads can see that the
memcg cache does not exist and proceed to creating it, which is wrong.
Fortunately, recently kobject_uevent was patched to call the usermode
helper with the UMH_NO_WAIT flag, making the deadlock impossible.
Therefore there is no point in releasing the slab_mutex while calling
sysfs_slab_add, so let's simplify kmem_cache_create synchronization and
fix the kmemcg-race mentioned above by holding the slab_mutex during the
whole cache creation path.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since put_mems_allowed() is strictly optional, its a seqcount retry, we
don't need to evaluate the function if the allocation was in fact
successful, saving a smp_rmb some loads and comparisons on some relative
fast-paths.
Since the naming, get/put_mems_allowed() does suggest a mandatory
pairing, rename the interface, as suggested by Mel, to resemble the
seqcount interface.
This gives us: read_mems_allowed_begin() and read_mems_allowed_retry(),
where it is important to note that the return value of the latter call
is inverted from its previous incarnation.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLUB already try to allocate high order page with clearing __GFP_NOFAIL.
But, when allocating shadow page for kmemcheck, it missed clearing
the flag. This trigger WARN_ON_ONCE() reported by Christian Casteyde.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=65991https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/12/3/764
This patch fix this situation by using same allocation flag as original
allocation.
Reported-by: Christian Casteyde <casteyde.christian@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Vladimir reported the following issue:
Commit c65c1877bd ("slub: use lockdep_assert_held") requires
remove_partial() to be called with n->list_lock held, but free_partial()
called from kmem_cache_close() on cache destruction does not follow this
rule, leading to a warning:
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 2787 at mm/slub.c:1536 __kmem_cache_shutdown+0x1b2/0x1f0()
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 2787 Comm: modprobe Tainted: G W 3.14.0-rc1-mm1+ #1
Hardware name:
0000000000000600 ffff88003ae1dde8 ffffffff816d9583 0000000000000600
0000000000000000 ffff88003ae1de28 ffffffff8107c107 0000000000000000
ffff880037ab2b00 ffff88007c240d30 ffffea0001ee5280 ffffea0001ee52a0
Call Trace:
__kmem_cache_shutdown+0x1b2/0x1f0
kmem_cache_destroy+0x43/0xf0
xfs_destroy_zones+0x103/0x110 [xfs]
exit_xfs_fs+0x38/0x4e4 [xfs]
SyS_delete_module+0x19a/0x1f0
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
His solution was to add a spinlock in order to quiet lockdep. Although
there would be no contention to adding the lock, that lock also requires
disabling of interrupts which will have a larger impact on the system.
Instead of adding a spinlock to a location where it is not needed for
lockdep, make a __remove_partial() function that does not test if the
list_lock is held, as no one should have it due to it being freed.
Also added a __add_partial() function that does not do the lock
validation either, as it is not needed for the creation of the cache.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reported-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Suggested-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit c65c1877bd ("slub: use lockdep_assert_held") incorrectly
required that add_full() and remove_full() hold n->list_lock. The lock
is only taken when kmem_cache_debug(s), since that's the only time it
actually does anything.
Require that the lock only be taken under such a condition.
Reported-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>
Tested-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>
Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg:
"Random bug fixes that have accumulated in my inbox over the past few
months"
* 'slab/next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
mm: Fix warning on make htmldocs caused by slab.c
mm: slub: work around unneeded lockdep warning
mm: sl[uo]b: fix misleading comments
slub: Fix possible format string bug.
slub: use lockdep_assert_held
slub: Fix calculation of cpu slabs
slab.h: remove duplicate kmalloc declaration and fix kernel-doc warnings
The slub code does some setup during early boot in
early_kmem_cache_node_alloc() with some local data. There is no
possible way that another CPU can see this data, so the slub code
doesn't unnecessarily lock it. However, some new lockdep asserts
check to make sure that add_partial() _always_ has the list_lock
held.
Just add the locking, even though it is technically unnecessary.
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Commit abca7c4965 ("mm: fix slab->page _count corruption when using
slub") notes that we can not _set_ a page->counters directly, except
when using a real double-cmpxchg. Doing so can lose updates to
->_count.
That is an absolute rule:
You may not *set* page->counters except via a cmpxchg.
Commit abca7c4965 fixed this for the folks who have the slub
cmpxchg_double code turned off at compile time, but it left the bad case
alone. It can still be reached, and the same bug triggered in two
cases:
1. Turning on slub debugging at runtime, which is available on
the distro kernels that I looked at.
2. On 64-bit CPUs with no CMPXCHG16B (some early AMD x86-64
cpus, evidently)
There are at least 3 ways we could fix this:
1. Take all of the exising calls to cmpxchg_double_slab() and
__cmpxchg_double_slab() and convert them to take an old, new
and target 'struct page'.
2. Do (1), but with the newly-introduced 'slub_data'.
3. Do some magic inside the two cmpxchg...slab() functions to
pull the counters out of new_counters and only set those
fields in page->{inuse,frozen,objects}.
I've done (2) as well, but it's a bunch more code. This patch is an
attempt at (3). This was the most straightforward and foolproof way
that I could think to do this.
This would also technically allow us to get rid of the ugly
#if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_CMPXCHG_DOUBLE) && \
defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE)
in 'struct page', but leaving it alone has the added benefit that
'counters' stays 'unsigned' instead of 'unsigned long', so all the
copies that the slub code does stay a bit smaller.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 309381feae ("mm: dump page when hitting a VM_BUG_ON using
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE") added a bunch of VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() calls.
But, most of the ones in the slub code are for _temporary_ 'struct
page's which are declared on the stack and likely have lots of gunk in
them. Dumping their contents out will just confuse folks looking at
bad_page() output. Plus, if we try to page_to_pfn() on them or
soemthing, we'll probably oops anyway.
Turn them back in to VM_BUG_ON()s.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Most of the VM_BUG_ON assertions are performed on a page. Usually, when
one of these assertions fails we'll get a BUG_ON with a call stack and
the registers.
I've recently noticed based on the requests to add a small piece of code
that dumps the page to various VM_BUG_ON sites that the page dump is
quite useful to people debugging issues in mm.
This patch adds a VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(cond, page) which beyond doing what
VM_BUG_ON() does, also dumps the page before executing the actual
BUG_ON.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up includes]
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The "name" is determined at runtime and is parsed as format string.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Instead of using comments in an attempt at getting the locking right,
use proper assertions that actively warn you if you got it wrong.
Also add extra braces in a few sites to comply with coding-style.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
/sys/kernel/slab/:t-0000048 # cat cpu_slabs
231 N0=16 N1=215
/sys/kernel/slab/:t-0000048 # cat slabs
145 N0=36 N1=109
See, the number of slabs is smaller than that of cpu slabs.
The bug was introduced by commit 49e2258586
("slub: per cpu cache for partial pages").
We should use page->pages instead of page->pobjects when calculating
the number of cpu partial slabs. This also fixes the mapping of slabs
and nodes.
As there's no variable storing the number of total/active objects in
cpu partial slabs, and we don't have user interfaces requiring those
statistics, I just add WARN_ON for those cases.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.2+
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Pull SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg:
"The patches from Joonsoo Kim switch mm/slab.c to use 'struct page' for
slab internals similar to mm/slub.c. This reduces memory usage and
improves performance:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/10/16/155
Rest of the changes are bug fixes from various people"
* 'slab/next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux: (21 commits)
mm, slub: fix the typo in mm/slub.c
mm, slub: fix the typo in include/linux/slub_def.h
slub: Handle NULL parameter in kmem_cache_flags
slab: replace non-existing 'struct freelist *' with 'void *'
slab: fix to calm down kmemleak warning
slub: proper kmemleak tracking if CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG disabled
slab: rename slab_bufctl to slab_freelist
slab: remove useless statement for checking pfmemalloc
slab: use struct page for slab management
slab: replace free and inuse in struct slab with newly introduced active
slab: remove SLAB_LIMIT
slab: remove kmem_bufctl_t
slab: change the management method of free objects of the slab
slab: use __GFP_COMP flag for allocating slab pages
slab: use well-defined macro, virt_to_slab()
slab: overloading the RCU head over the LRU for RCU free
slab: remove cachep in struct slab_rcu
slab: remove nodeid in struct slab
slab: remove colouroff in struct slab
slab: change return type of kmem_getpages() to struct page
...
Pull trivial tree updates from Jiri Kosina:
"Usual earth-shaking, news-breaking, rocket science pile from
trivial.git"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (23 commits)
doc: usb: Fix typo in Documentation/usb/gadget_configs.txt
doc: add missing files to timers/00-INDEX
timekeeping: Fix some trivial typos in comments
mm: Fix some trivial typos in comments
irq: Fix some trivial typos in comments
NUMA: fix typos in Kconfig help text
mm: update 00-INDEX
doc: Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt fix typo
DRM: comment: `halve' -> `half'
Docs: Kconfig: `devlopers' -> `developers'
doc: typo on word accounting in kprobes.c in mutliple architectures
treewide: fix "usefull" typo
treewide: fix "distingush" typo
mm/Kconfig: Grammar s/an/a/
kexec: Typo s/the/then/
Documentation/kvm: Update cpuid documentation for steal time and pv eoi
treewide: Fix common typo in "identify"
__page_to_pfn: Fix typo in comment
Correct some typos for word frequency
clk: fixed-factor: Fix a trivial typo
...
We can't see the relationship with memcg from the parameters,
so the name with memcg_idx would be more reasonable.
Signed-off-by: Qiang Huang <h.huangqiang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move all kmemleak calls into hook functions, and make it so
that all hooks (both inside and outside of #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG)
call the appropriate kmemleak routines. This allows for kmemleak
to be configured independently of slub debug features.
It also fixes a bug where kmemleak was only partially enabled in some
configurations.
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Roman Bobniev <Roman.Bobniev@sonymobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Bird <tim.bird@sonymobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@iki.fi>
Pull SLAB update from Pekka Enberg:
"Nothing terribly exciting here apart from Christoph's kmalloc
unification patches that brings sl[aou]b implementations closer to
each other"
* 'slab/next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
slab: Use correct GFP_DMA constant
slub: remove verify_mem_not_deleted()
mm/sl[aou]b: Move kmallocXXX functions to common code
mm, slab_common: add 'unlikely' to size check of kmalloc_slab()
mm/slub.c: beautify code for removing redundancy 'break' statement.
slub: Remove unnecessary page NULL check
slub: don't use cpu partial pages on UP
mm/slub: beautify code for 80 column limitation and tab alignment
mm/slub: remove 'per_cpu' which is useless variable
The use of strict_strtoul() is not preferred, because strict_strtoul() is
obsolete. Thus, kstrtoul() should be used.
Signed-off-by: Jingoo Han <jg1.han@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kmalloc* functions of all slab allcoators are similar now so
lets move them into slab.h. This requires some function naming changes
in slob.
As a results of this patch there is a common set of functions for
all allocators. Also means that kmalloc_large() is now available
in general to perform large order allocations that go directly
via the page allocator. kmalloc_large() can be substituted if
kmalloc() throws warnings because of too large allocations.
kmalloc_large() has exactly the same semantics as kmalloc but
can only used for allocations > PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
In commit 4d7868e6(slub: Do not dereference NULL pointer in node_match)
had added check for page NULL in node_match. Thus, it is not needed
to check it before node_match, remove it.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Libin <huawei.libin@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
This reverts commit 318df36e57.
This commit caused Steven Rostedt's hackbench runs to run out of memory
due to a leak. As noted by Joonsoo Kim, it is buggy in the following
scenario:
"I guess, you may set 0 to all kmem caches's cpu_partial via sysfs,
doesn't it?
In this case, memory leak is possible in following case. Code flow of
possible leak is follwing case.
* in __slab_free()
1. (!new.inuse || !prior) && !was_frozen
2. !kmem_cache_debug && !prior
3. new.frozen = 1
4. after cmpxchg_double_slab, run the (!n) case with new.frozen=1
5. with this patch, put_cpu_partial() doesn't do anything,
because this cache's cpu_partial is 0
6. return
In step 5, leak occur"
And Steven does indeed have cpu_partial set to 0 due to RT testing.
Joonsoo is cooking up a patch, but everybody agrees that reverting this
for now is the right thing to do.
Reported-and-bisected-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Be sure of 80 column limitation for both code and comments.
Correct tab alignment for 'if-else' statement.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Remove 'per_cpu', since it is useless now after the patch: "205ab99
slub: Update statistics handling for variable order slabs". And the
partial list is handled in the same way as the per cpu slab.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The __cpuinit type of throwaway sections might have made sense
some time ago when RAM was more constrained, but now the savings
do not offset the cost and complications. For example, the fix in
commit 5e427ec2d0 ("x86: Fix bit corruption at CPU resume time")
is a good example of the nasty type of bugs that can be created
with improper use of the various __init prefixes.
After a discussion on LKML[1] it was decided that cpuinit should go
the way of devinit and be phased out. Once all the users are gone,
we can then finally remove the macros themselves from linux/init.h.
This removes all the uses of the __cpuinit macros from C files in
the core kernel directories (kernel, init, lib, mm, and include)
that don't really have a specific maintainer.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/5/20/589
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Pull slab update from Pekka Enberg:
"Highlights:
- Fix for boot-time problems on some architectures due to
init_lock_keys() not respecting kmalloc_caches boundaries
(Christoph Lameter)
- CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL requested by RT folks (Joonsoo Kim)
- Fix for excessive slab freelist draining (Wanpeng Li)
- SLUB and SLOB cleanups and fixes (various people)"
I ended up editing the branch, and this avoids two commits at the end
that were immediately reverted, and I instead just applied the oneliner
fix in between myself.
* 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux
slub: Check for page NULL before doing the node_match check
mm/slab: Give s_next and s_stop slab-specific names
slob: Check for NULL pointer before calling ctor()
slub: Make cpu partial slab support configurable
slab: add kmalloc() to kernel API documentation
slab: fix init_lock_keys
slob: use DIV_ROUND_UP where possible
slub: do not put a slab to cpu partial list when cpu_partial is 0
mm/slub: Use node_nr_slabs and node_nr_objs in get_slabinfo
mm/slub: Drop unnecessary nr_partials
mm/slab: Fix /proc/slabinfo unwriteable for slab
mm/slab: Sharing s_next and s_stop between slab and slub
mm/slab: Fix drain freelist excessively
slob: Rework #ifdeffery in slab.h
mm, slab: moved kmem_cache_alloc_node comment to correct place
In the -rt kernel (mrg), we hit the following dump:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
IP: [<ffffffff811573f1>] kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x51/0x180
PGD a2d39067 PUD b1641067 PMD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
Modules linked in: sunrpc cpufreq_ondemand ipv6 tg3 joydev sg serio_raw pcspkr k8temp amd64_edac_mod edac_core i2c_piix4 e100 mii shpchp ext4 mbcache jbd2 sd_mod crc_t10dif sr_mod cdrom sata_svw ata_generic pata_acpi pata_serverworks radeon ttm drm_kms_helper drm hwmon i2c_algo_bit i2c_core dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod
CPU 3
Pid: 20878, comm: hackbench Not tainted 3.6.11-rt25.14.el6rt.x86_64 #1 empty empty/Tyan Transport GT24-B3992
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff811573f1>] [<ffffffff811573f1>] kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x51/0x180
RSP: 0018:ffff8800a9b17d70 EFLAGS: 00010213
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000001200011 RCX: ffff8800a06d8000
RDX: 0000000004d92a03 RSI: 00000000000000d0 RDI: ffff88013b805500
RBP: ffff8800a9b17dc0 R08: ffff88023fd14d10 R09: ffffffff81041cbd
R10: 00007f4e3f06e9d0 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: ffff88013b805500
R13: ffff8801ff46af40 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 0000000000000000
FS: 00007f4e3f06e700(0000) GS:ffff88023fd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 00000000a2d3a000 CR4: 00000000000007e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process hackbench (pid: 20878, threadinfo ffff8800a9b16000, task ffff8800a06d8000)
Stack:
ffff8800a9b17da0 ffffffff81202e08 ffff8800a9b17de0 000000d001200011
0000000001200011 0000000001200011 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
00007f4e3f06e9d0 0000000000000000 ffff8800a9b17e60 ffffffff81041cbd
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff81202e08>] ? current_has_perm+0x68/0x80
[<ffffffff81041cbd>] copy_process+0xdd/0x15b0
[<ffffffff810a2125>] ? rt_up_read+0x25/0x30
[<ffffffff8104369a>] do_fork+0x5a/0x360
[<ffffffff8107c66b>] ? migrate_enable+0xeb/0x220
[<ffffffff8100b068>] sys_clone+0x28/0x30
[<ffffffff81527423>] stub_clone+0x13/0x20
[<ffffffff81527152>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Code: 89 fc 89 75 cc 41 89 d6 4d 8b 04 24 65 4c 03 04 25 48 ae 00 00 49 8b 50 08 4d 8b 28 49 8b 40 10 4d 85 ed 74 12 41 83 fe ff 74 27 <48> 8b 00 48 c1 e8 3a 41 39 c6 74 1b 8b 75 cc 4c 89 c9 44 89 f2
RIP [<ffffffff811573f1>] kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x51/0x180
RSP <ffff8800a9b17d70>
CR2: 0000000000000000
---[ end trace 0000000000000002 ]---
Now, this uses SLUB pretty much unmodified, but as it is the -rt kernel
with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT set, spinlocks are mutexes, although they do
disable migration. But the SLUB code is relatively lockless, and the
spin_locks there are raw_spin_locks (not converted to mutexes), thus I
believe this bug can happen in mainline without -rt features. The -rt
patch is just good at triggering mainline bugs ;-)
Anyway, looking at where this crashed, it seems that the page variable
can be NULL when passed to the node_match() function (which does not
check if it is NULL). When this happens we get the above panic.
As page is only used in slab_alloc() to check if the node matches, if
it's NULL I'm assuming that we can say it doesn't and call the
__slab_alloc() code. Is this a correct assumption?
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CPU partial support can introduce level of indeterminism that is not
wanted in certain context (like a realtime kernel). Make it
configurable.
This patch is based on Christoph Lameter's "slub: Make cpu partial slab
support configurable V2".
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
In free path, we don't check number of cpu_partial, so one slab can
be linked in cpu partial list even if cpu_partial is 0. To prevent this,
we should check number of cpu_partial in put_cpu_partial().
Acked-by: Christoph Lameeter <cl@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Use existing interface node_nr_slabs and node_nr_objs to get
nr_slabs and nr_objs.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
This patch remove unused nr_partials variable.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Pull slab changes from Pekka Enberg:
"The bulk of the changes are more slab unification from Christoph.
There's also few fixes from Aaron, Glauber, and Joonsoo thrown into
the mix."
* 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux: (24 commits)
mm, slab_common: Fix bootstrap creation of kmalloc caches
slab: Return NULL for oversized allocations
mm: slab: Verify the nodeid passed to ____cache_alloc_node
slub: tid must be retrieved from the percpu area of the current processor
slub: Do not dereference NULL pointer in node_match
slub: add 'likely' macro to inc_slabs_node()
slub: correct to calculate num of acquired objects in get_partial_node()
slub: correctly bootstrap boot caches
mm/sl[au]b: correct allocation type check in kmalloc_slab()
slab: Fixup CONFIG_PAGE_ALLOC/DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK sections
slab: Handle ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN correctly
slab: Common definition for kmem_cache_node
slab: Rename list3/l3 to node
slab: Common Kmalloc cache determination
stat: Use size_t for sizes instead of unsigned
slab: Common function to create the kmalloc array
slab: Common definition for the array of kmalloc caches
slab: Common constants for kmalloc boundaries
slab: Rename nodelists to node
slab: Common name for the per node structures
...
Squishes a statement-with-no-effect warning, removes some ifdefs and
shrinks .text by 2 bytes.
Note that this code fails to check for blocking_notifier_chain_register()
failures.
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As Steven Rostedt has pointer out: rescheduling could occur on a
different processor after the determination of the per cpu pointer and
before the tid is retrieved. This could result in allocation from the
wrong node in slab_alloc().
The effect is much more severe in slab_free() where we could free to the
freelist of the wrong page.
The window for something like that occurring is pretty small but it is
possible.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The variables accessed in slab_alloc are volatile and therefore
the page pointer passed to node_match can be NULL. The processing
of data in slab_alloc is tentative until either the cmpxhchg
succeeds or the __slab_alloc slowpath is invoked. Both are
able to perform the same allocation from the freelist.
Check for the NULL pointer in node_match.
A false positive will lead to a retry of the loop in __slab_alloc.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
After boot phase, 'n' always exist.
So add 'likely' macro for helping compiler.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
There is a subtle bug when calculating a number of acquired objects.
Currently, we calculate "available = page->objects - page->inuse",
after acquire_slab() is called in get_partial_node().
In acquire_slab() with mode = 1, we always set new.inuse = page->objects.
So,
acquire_slab(s, n, page, object == NULL);
if (!object) {
c->page = page;
stat(s, ALLOC_FROM_PARTIAL);
object = t;
available = page->objects - page->inuse;
!!! availabe is always 0 !!!
...
Therfore, "available > s->cpu_partial / 2" is always false and
we always go to second iteration.
This patch correct this problem.
After that, we don't need return value of put_cpu_partial().
So remove it.
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
After we create a boot cache, we may allocate from it until it is bootstraped.
This will move the page from the partial list to the cpu slab list. If this
happens, the loop:
list_for_each_entry(p, &n->partial, lru)
that we use to scan for all partial pages will yield nothing, and the pages
will keep pointing to the boot cpu cache, which is of course, invalid. To do
that, we should flush the cache to make sure that the cpu slab is back to the
partial list.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reported-by: Steffen Michalke <StMichalke@web.de>
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
lockdep, but it's a mechanical change.
Cheers,
Rusty.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.11 (GNU/Linux)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=tiSY
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull module update from Rusty Russell:
"The sweeping change is to make add_taint() explicitly indicate whether
to disable lockdep, but it's a mechanical change."
* tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux:
MODSIGN: Add option to not sign modules during modules_install
MODSIGN: Add -s <signature> option to sign-file
MODSIGN: Specify the hash algorithm on sign-file command line
MODSIGN: Simplify Makefile with a Kconfig helper
module: clean up load_module a little more.
modpost: Ignore ARC specific non-alloc sections
module: constify within_module_*
taint: add explicit flag to show whether lock dep is still OK.
module: printk message when module signature fail taints kernel.
The function names page_xchg_last_nid(), page_last_nid() and
reset_page_last_nid() were judged to be inconsistent so rename them to a
struct_field_op style pattern. As it looked jarring to have
reset_page_mapcount() and page_nid_reset_last() beside each other in
memmap_init_zone(), this patch also renames reset_page_mapcount() to
page_mapcount_reset(). There are others like init_page_count() but as
it is used throughout the arch code a rename would likely cause more
conflicts than it is worth.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix zcache]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Extract the optimized lookup functions from slub and put them into
slab_common.c. Then make slab use these functions as well.
Joonsoo notes that this fixes some issues with constant folding which
also reduces the code size for slub.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/10/20/82
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The kmalloc array is created in similar ways in both SLAB
and SLUB. Create a common function and have both allocators
call that function.
V1->V2:
Whitespace cleanup
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Have a common definition fo the kmalloc cache arrays in
SLAB and SLUB
Acked-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Standardize the constants that describe the smallest and largest
object kept in the kmalloc arrays for SLAB and SLUB.
Differentiate between the maximum size for which a slab cache is used
(KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE) and the maximum allocatable size
(KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE, KMALLOC_MAX_ORDER).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Fix up all callers as they were before, with make one change: an
unsigned module taints the kernel, but doesn't turn off lockdep.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Sasha Levin recently reported a lockdep problem resulting from the new
attribute propagation introduced by kmemcg series. In short, slab_mutex
will be called from within the sysfs attribute store function. This will
create a dependency, that will later be held backwards when a cache is
destroyed - since destruction occurs with the slab_mutex held, and then
calls in to the sysfs directory removal function.
In this patch, I propose to adopt a strategy close to what
__kmem_cache_create does before calling sysfs_slab_add, and release the
lock before the call to sysfs_slab_remove. This is pretty much the last
operation in the kmem_cache_shutdown() path, so we could do better by
splitting this and moving this call alone to later on. This will fit
nicely when sysfs handling is consistent between all caches, but will look
weird now.
Lockdep info:
======================================================
[ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ]
3.7.0-rc4-next-20121106-sasha-00008-g353b62f #117 Tainted: G W
-------------------------------------------------------
trinity-child13/6961 is trying to acquire lock:
(s_active#43){++++.+}, at: sysfs_addrm_finish+0x31/0x60
but task is already holding lock:
(slab_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: kmem_cache_destroy+0x22/0xe0
which lock already depends on the new lock.
the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
-> #1 (slab_mutex){+.+.+.}:
lock_acquire+0x1aa/0x240
__mutex_lock_common+0x59/0x5a0
mutex_lock_nested+0x3f/0x50
slab_attr_store+0xde/0x110
sysfs_write_file+0xfa/0x150
vfs_write+0xb0/0x180
sys_pwrite64+0x60/0xb0
tracesys+0xe1/0xe6
-> #0 (s_active#43){++++.+}:
__lock_acquire+0x14df/0x1ca0
lock_acquire+0x1aa/0x240
sysfs_deactivate+0x122/0x1a0
sysfs_addrm_finish+0x31/0x60
sysfs_remove_dir+0x89/0xd0
kobject_del+0x16/0x40
__kmem_cache_shutdown+0x40/0x60
kmem_cache_destroy+0x40/0xe0
mon_text_release+0x78/0xe0
__fput+0x122/0x2d0
____fput+0x9/0x10
task_work_run+0xbe/0x100
do_exit+0x432/0xbd0
do_group_exit+0x84/0xd0
get_signal_to_deliver+0x81d/0x930
do_signal+0x3a/0x950
do_notify_resume+0x3e/0x90
int_signal+0x12/0x17
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(slab_mutex);
lock(s_active#43);
lock(slab_mutex);
lock(s_active#43);
*** DEADLOCK ***
2 locks held by trinity-child13/6961:
#0: (mon_lock){+.+.+.}, at: mon_text_release+0x25/0xe0
#1: (slab_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: kmem_cache_destroy+0x22/0xe0
stack backtrace:
Pid: 6961, comm: trinity-child13 Tainted: G W 3.7.0-rc4-next-20121106-sasha-00008-g353b62f #117
Call Trace:
print_circular_bug+0x1fb/0x20c
__lock_acquire+0x14df/0x1ca0
lock_acquire+0x1aa/0x240
sysfs_deactivate+0x122/0x1a0
sysfs_addrm_finish+0x31/0x60
sysfs_remove_dir+0x89/0xd0
kobject_del+0x16/0x40
__kmem_cache_shutdown+0x40/0x60
kmem_cache_destroy+0x40/0xe0
mon_text_release+0x78/0xe0
__fput+0x122/0x2d0
____fput+0x9/0x10
task_work_run+0xbe/0x100
do_exit+0x432/0xbd0
do_group_exit+0x84/0xd0
get_signal_to_deliver+0x81d/0x930
do_signal+0x3a/0x950
do_notify_resume+0x3e/0x90
int_signal+0x12/0x17
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch clarifies two aspects of cache attribute propagation.
First, the expected context for the for_each_memcg_cache macro in
memcontrol.h. The usages already in the codebase are safe. In mm/slub.c,
it is trivially safe because the lock is acquired right before the loop.
In mm/slab.c, it is less so: the lock is acquired by an outer function a
few steps back in the stack, so a VM_BUG_ON() is added to make sure it is
indeed safe.
A comment is also added to detail why we are returning the value of the
parent cache and ignoring the children's when we propagate the attributes.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLUB allows us to tune a particular cache behavior with sysfs-based
tunables. When creating a new memcg cache copy, we'd like to preserve any
tunables the parent cache already had.
This can be done by tapping into the store attribute function provided by
the allocator. We of course don't need to mess with read-only fields.
Since the attributes can have multiple types and are stored internally by
sysfs, the best strategy is to issue a ->show() in the root cache, and
then ->store() in the memcg cache.
The drawback of that, is that sysfs can allocate up to a page in buffering
for show(), that we are likely not to need, but also can't guarantee. To
avoid always allocating a page for that, we can update the caches at store
time with the maximum attribute size ever stored to the root cache. We
will then get a buffer big enough to hold it. The corolary to this, is
that if no stores happened, nothing will be propagated.
It can also happen that a root cache has its tunables updated during
normal system operation. In this case, we will propagate the change to
all caches that are already active.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak code to avoid __maybe_unused]
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement destruction of memcg caches. Right now, only caches where our
reference counter is the last remaining are deleted. If there are any
other reference counters around, we just leave the caches lying around
until they go away.
When that happens, a destruction function is called from the cache code.
Caches are only destroyed in process context, so we queue them up for
later processing in the general case.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We are able to match a cache allocation to a particular memcg. If the
task doesn't change groups during the allocation itself - a rare event,
this will give us a good picture about who is the first group to touch a
cache page.
This patch uses the now available infrastructure by calling
memcg_kmem_get_cache() before all the cache allocations.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
struct page already has this information. If we start chaining caches,
this information will always be more trustworthy than whatever is passed
into the function.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Allow a memcg parameter to be passed during cache creation. When the slub
allocator is being used, it will only merge caches that belong to the same
memcg. We'll do this by scanning the global list, and then translating
the cache to a memcg-specific cache
Default function is created as a wrapper, passing NULL to the memcg
version. We only merge caches that belong to the same memcg.
A helper is provided, memcg_css_id: because slub needs a unique cache name
for sysfs. Since this is visible, but not the canonical location for slab
data, the cache name is not used, the css_id should suffice.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg:
"This contains preparational work from Christoph Lameter and Glauber
Costa for SLAB memcg and cleanups and improvements from Ezequiel
Garcia and Joonsoo Kim.
Please note that the SLOB cleanup commit from Arnd Bergmann already
appears in your tree but I had also merged it myself which is why it
shows up in the shortlog."
* 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
mm/sl[aou]b: Common alignment code
slab: Use the new create_boot_cache function to simplify bootstrap
slub: Use statically allocated kmem_cache boot structure for bootstrap
mm, sl[au]b: create common functions for boot slab creation
slab: Simplify bootstrap
slub: Use correct cpu_slab on dead cpu
mm: fix slab.c kernel-doc warnings
mm/slob: use min_t() to compare ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN
slab: Ignore internal flags in cache creation
mm/slob: Use free_page instead of put_page for page-size kmalloc allocations
mm/sl[aou]b: Move common kmem_cache_size() to slab.h
mm/slob: Use object_size field in kmem_cache_size()
mm/slob: Drop usage of page->private for storing page-sized allocations
slub: Commonize slab_cache field in struct page
sl[au]b: Process slabinfo_show in common code
mm/sl[au]b: Move print_slabinfo_header to slab_common.c
mm/sl[au]b: Move slabinfo processing to slab_common.c
slub: remove one code path and reduce lock contention in __slab_free()
SLUB only focuses on the nodes which have normal memory and it ignores the
other node's hot-adding and hot-removing.
Aka: if some memory of a node which has no onlined memory is online, but
this new memory onlined is not normal memory (for example, highmem), we
should not allocate kmem_cache_node for SLUB.
And if the last normal memory is offlined, but the node still has memory,
we should remove kmem_cache_node for that node. (The current code delays
it when all of the memory is offlined)
So we only do something when marg->status_change_nid_normal > 0.
marg->status_change_nid is not suitable here.
The same problem doesn't exist in SLAB, because SLAB allocates kmem_list3
for every node even the node don't have normal memory, SLAB tolerates
kmem_list3 on alien nodes. SLUB only focuses on the nodes which have
normal memory, it don't tolerate alien kmem_cache_node. The patch makes
SLUB become self-compatible and avoids WARNs and BUGs in rare conditions.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Extract the code to do object alignment from the allocators.
Do the alignment calculations in slab_common so that the
__kmem_cache_create functions of the allocators do not have
to deal with alignment.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Simplify bootstrap by statically allocated two kmem_cache structures. These are
freed after bootup is complete. Allows us to no longer worry about calculations
of sizes of kmem_cache structures during bootstrap.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Use a special function to create kmalloc caches and use that function in
SLAB and SLUB.
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Pass a kmem_cache_cpu pointer into unfreeze partials so that a different
kmem_cache_cpu structure than the local one can be specified.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Some flags are used internally by the allocators for management
purposes. One example of that is the CFLGS_OFF_SLAB flag that slab uses
to mark that the metadata for that cache is stored outside of the slab.
No cache should ever pass those as a creation flags. We can just ignore
this bit if it happens to be passed (such as when duplicating a cache in
the kmem memcg patches).
Because such flags can vary from allocator to allocator, we allow them
to make their own decisions on that, defining SLAB_AVAILABLE_FLAGS with
all flags that are valid at creation time. Allocators that doesn't have
any specific flag requirement should define that to mean all flags.
Common code will mask out all flags not belonging to that set.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
This function is identically defined in all three allocators
and it's trivial to move it to slab.h
Since now it's static, inline, header-defined function
this patch also drops the EXPORT_SYMBOL tag.
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Ezequiel Garcia <elezegarcia@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Right now, slab and slub have fields in struct page to derive which
cache a page belongs to, but they do it slightly differently.
slab uses a field called slab_cache, that lives in the third double
word. slub, uses a field called "slab", living outside of the
doublewords area.
Ideally, we could use the same field for this. Since slub heavily makes
use of the doubleword region, there isn't really much room to move
slub's slab_cache field around. Since slab does not have such strict
placement restrictions, we can move it outside the doubleword area.
The naming used by slab, "slab_cache", is less confusing, and it is
preferred over slub's generic "slab".
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
With all the infrastructure in place, we can now have slabinfo_show
done from slab_common.c. A cache-specific function is called to grab
information about the cache itself, since that is still heavily
dependent on the implementation. But with the values produced by it, all
the printing and handling is done from common code.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
CC: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The header format is highly similar between slab and slub. The main
difference lays in the fact that slab may optionally have statistics
added here in case of CONFIG_SLAB_DEBUG, while the slub will stick them
somewhere else.
By making sure that information conditionally lives inside a
globally-visible CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB switch, we can move the header
printing to a common location.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
This patch moves all the common machinery to slabinfo processing
to slab_common.c. We can do better by noticing that the output is
heavily common, and having the allocators to just provide finished
information about this. But after this first step, this can be done
easier.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
When we try to free object, there is some of case that we need
to take a node lock. This is the necessary step for preventing a race.
After taking a lock, then we try to cmpxchg_double_slab().
But, there is a possible scenario that cmpxchg_double_slab() is failed
with taking a lock. Following example explains it.
CPU A CPU B
need lock
... need lock
... lock!!
lock..but spin free success
spin... unlock
lock!!
free fail
In this case, retry with taking a lock is occured in CPU A.
I think that in this case for CPU A,
"release a lock first, and re-take a lock if necessary" is preferable way.
There are two reasons for this.
First, this makes __slab_free()'s logic somehow simple.
With this patch, 'was_frozen = 1' is "always" handled without taking a lock.
So we can remove one code path.
Second, it may reduce lock contention.
When we do retrying, status of slab is already changed,
so we don't need a lock anymore in almost every case.
"release a lock first, and re-take a lock if necessary" policy is
helpful to this.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
This patch does not fix anything, and its only goal is to enable us
to obtain some common code between SLAB and SLUB.
Neither behavior nor produced code is affected.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Ezequiel Garcia <elezegarcia@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
It doesn't seem worth adding a new taint flag for this, so just re-use
the one from 'bad page'
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> # SLUB
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
get_partial() is currently not checking pfmemalloc_match() meaning that
it is possible for pfmemalloc pages to leak to non-pfmemalloc users.
This is a problem in the following situation. Assume that there is a
request from normal allocation and there are no objects in the per-cpu
cache and no node-partial slab.
In this case, slab_alloc enters the slow path and new_slab_objects() is
called which may return a PFMEMALLOC page. As the current user is not
allowed to access PFMEMALLOC page, deactivate_slab() is called
([5091b74a: mm: slub: optimise the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc
checks]) and returns an object from PFMEMALLOC page.
Next time, when we get another request from normal allocation,
slab_alloc() enters the slow-path and calls new_slab_objects(). In
new_slab_objects(), we call get_partial() and get a partial slab which
was just deactivated but is a pfmemalloc page. We extract one object
from it and re-deactivate.
"deactivate -> re-get in get_partial -> re-deactivate" occures repeatedly.
As a result, access to PFMEMALLOC page is not properly restricted and it
can cause a performance degradation due to frequent deactivation.
deactivation frequently.
This patch changes get_partial_node() to take pfmemalloc_match() into
account and prevents the "deactivate -> re-get in get_partial()
scenario. Instead, new_slab() is called.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Get rid of the refcount stuff in the allocators and do that part of
kmem_cache management in the common code.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Do the initial settings of the fields in common code. This will allow us
to push more processing into common code later and improve readability.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Shift the allocations to common code. That way the allocation and
freeing of the kmem_cache structures is handled by common code.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Simplify locking by moving the slab_add_sysfs after all locks have been
dropped. Eases the upcoming move to provide sysfs support for all
allocators.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The slab aliasing logic causes some strange contortions in slub. So add
a call to deal with aliases to slab_common.c but disable it for other
slab allocators by providng stubs that fail to create aliases.
Full general support for aliases will require additional cleanup passes
and more standardization of fields in kmem_cache.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Duping of the slabname has to be done by each slab. Moving this code to
slab_common avoids duplicate implementations.
With this patch we have common string handling for all slab allocators.
Strings passed to kmem_cache_create() are copied internally. Subsystems
can create temporary strings to create slab caches.
Slabs allocated in early states of bootstrap will never be freed (and
those can never be freed since they are essential to slab allocator
operations). During bootstrap we therefore do not have to worry about
duping names.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
What is done there can be done in __kmem_cache_shutdown.
This affects RCU handling somewhat. On rcu free all slab allocators do
not refer to other management structures than the kmem_cache structure.
Therefore these other structures can be freed before the rcu deferred
free to the page allocator occurs.
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The freeing action is basically the same in all slab allocators.
Move to the common kmem_cache_destroy() function.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Make all allocators use the "kmem_cache" slabname for the "kmem_cache"
structure.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
kmem_cache_destroy does basically the same in all allocators.
Extract common code which is easy since we already have common mutex
handling.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Move the code to append the new kmem_cache to the list of slab caches to
the kmem_cache_create code in the shared code.
This is possible now since the acquisition of the mutex was moved into
kmem_cache_create().
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Do not use kmalloc() but kmem_cache_alloc() for the allocation
of the kmem_cache structures in slub.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Add additional debugging to check that the objects is actually from the cache
the caller claims. Doing so currently trips up some other debugging code. It
takes a lot to infer from that what was happening.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
[ penberg@kernel.org: Use pr_err() ]
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
In current implementation, after unfreezing, we doesn't touch oldpage,
so it remain 'NOT NULL'. When we call this_cpu_cmpxchg()
with this old oldpage, this_cpu_cmpxchg() is mostly be failed.
We can change value of oldpage to NULL after unfreezing,
because unfreeze_partial() ensure that all the cpu partial slabs is removed
from cpu partial list. In this time, we could expect that
this_cpu_cmpxchg is mostly succeed.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Only applies to scenarios where debugging is on:
Validation of slabs can currently occur while debugging
information is updated from the fast paths of the allocator.
This results in various races where we get false reports about
slab metadata not being in order.
This patch makes the fast paths take the node lock so that
serialization with slab validation will occur. Causes additional
slowdown in debug scenarios.
Reported-by: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
When freeing objects, the slub allocator will most of the time free
empty pages by calling __free_pages(). But high-order kmalloc will be
diposed by means of put_page() instead. It makes no sense to call
put_page() in kernel pages that are provided by the object allocators,
so we shouldn't be doing this ourselves. Aside from the consistency
change, we don't change the flow too much. put_page()'s would call its
dtor function, which is __free_pages. We also already do all of the
Compound page tests ourselves, and the Mlock test we lose don't really
matter.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
This patch removes the check for pfmemalloc from the alloc hotpath and
puts the logic after the election of a new per cpu slab. For a pfmemalloc
page we do not use the fast path but force the use of the slow path which
is also used for the debug case.
This has the side-effect of weakening pfmemalloc processing in the
following way;
1. A process that is allocating for network swap calls __slab_alloc.
pfmemalloc_match is true so the freelist is loaded and c->freelist is
now pointing to a pfmemalloc page.
2. A process that is attempting normal allocations calls slab_alloc,
finds the pfmemalloc page on the freelist and uses it because it did
not check pfmemalloc_match()
The patch allows non-pfmemalloc allocations to use pfmemalloc pages with
the kmalloc slabs being the most vunerable caches on the grounds they
are most likely to have a mix of pfmemalloc and !pfmemalloc requests. A
later patch will still protect the system as processes will get throttled
if the pfmemalloc reserves get depleted but performance will not degrade
as smoothly.
[mgorman@suse.de: Expanded changelog]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they
create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it
with swapon. Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless
systems. The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part
of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the
use of disks and thin clients.
The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block
Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at
https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download
There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at
places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The
nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap. Despite this, the fact
is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap
is used intensively. This patch series addresses the problem.
The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like
normal block devices do. As the host cannot control where they receive
packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory
they might need. Some years ago, Peter Zijlstra developed a series of
patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is
carrying within their kernels. This patch series borrows very heavily
from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to
supporting swap-over-NFS. The bulk of the complexity is concerned with
preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use
by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS.
Patch 1 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to
preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations
to callers that are freeing memory.
Patch 2 optimises the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks
Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC
reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC.
Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves
for later use by network packet processing.
Patch 5 only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required
Patch 6 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set.
Patches 7-12 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when
the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If
packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under
low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets
are dropped.
Patch 11 reintroduces __skb_alloc_page which the networking
folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate
pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a
strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being
that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should
not fail.
Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the
common case.
Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use
PFMEMALLOC if necessary.
Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve
to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on
a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted. It is
expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running
will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and
the throttled processes are woken up.
Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled
Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on
loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and
sysbench. Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators
reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance
variances.
For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a
swapfile backed by NBD. 8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create
anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop. The total
size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under
memory pressure.
Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes
and runs to completion with them applied. With SLAB, the story is
different as an unpatched kernel run to completion. However, the patched
kernel completed the test 45% faster.
MICRO
3.5.0-rc2 3.5.0-rc2
vanilla swapnbd
Unrecognised test vmscan-anon-mmap-write
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 197.80 173.07
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 206.96 182.03
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 3240.70 1762.09
This patch: mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
Allocations of pages below the min watermark run a risk of the machine
hanging due to a lack of memory. To prevent this, only callers who have
PF_MEMALLOC or TIF_MEMDIE set and are not processing an interrupt are
allowed to allocate with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS. Once they are allocated to
a slab though, nothing prevents other callers consuming free objects
within those slabs. This patch limits access to slab pages that were
alloced from the PFMEMALLOC reserves.
When this patch is applied, pages allocated from below the low watermark
are returned with page->pfmemalloc set and it is up to the caller to
determine how the page should be protected. SLAB restricts access to any
page with page->pfmemalloc set to callers which are known to able to
access the PFMEMALLOC reserve. If one is not available, an attempt is
made to allocate a new page rather than use a reserve. SLUB is a bit more
relaxed in that it only records if the current per-CPU page was allocated
from PFMEMALLOC reserve and uses another partial slab if the caller does
not have the necessary GFP or process flags. This was found to be
sufficient in tests to avoid hangs due to SLUB generally maintaining
smaller lists than SLAB.
In low-memory conditions it does mean that !PFMEMALLOC allocators can fail
a slab allocation even though free objects are available because they are
being preserved for callers that are freeing pages.
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original implementation]
[sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Correct order of page flag clearing]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kmemcheck_alloc_shadow() requires irqs to be enabled, so wait to disable
them until after its called for __GFP_WAIT allocations.
This fixes a warning for such allocations:
WARNING: at kernel/lockdep.c:2739 lockdep_trace_alloc+0x14e/0x1c0()
Acked-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tested-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Move the mutex handling into the common kmem_cache_create()
function.
Then we can also move more checks out of SLAB's kmem_cache_create()
into the common code.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Use the mutex definition from SLAB and make it the common way to take a sleeping lock.
This has the effect of using a mutex instead of a rw semaphore for SLUB.
SLOB gains the use of a mutex for kmem_cache_create serialization.
Not needed now but SLOB may acquire some more features later (like slabinfo
/ sysfs support) through the expansion of the common code that will
need this.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
All allocators have some sort of support for the bootstrap status.
Setup a common definition for the boot states and make all slab
allocators use that definition.
Reviewed-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Kmem_cache_create() does a variety of sanity checks but those
vary depending on the allocator. Use the strictest tests and put them into
a slab_common file. Make the tests conditional on CONFIG_DEBUG_VM.
This patch has the effect of adding sanity checks for SLUB and SLOB
under CONFIG_DEBUG_VM and removes the checks in SLAB for !CONFIG_DEBUG_VM.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
If list_for_each_entry, etc complete a traversal of the list, the iterator
variable ends up pointing to an address at an offset from the list head,
and not a meaningful structure. Thus this value should not be used after
the end of the iterator. The patch replaces s->name by al->name, which is
referenced nearby.
This problem was found using Coccinelle (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/).
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@lip6.fr>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Current implementation of unfreeze_partials() is so complicated,
but benefit from it is insignificant. In addition many code in
do {} while loop have a bad influence to a fail rate of cmpxchg_double_slab.
Under current implementation which test status of cpu partial slab
and acquire list_lock in do {} while loop,
we don't need to acquire a list_lock and gain a little benefit
when front of the cpu partial slab is to be discarded, but this is a rare case.
In case that add_partial is performed and cmpxchg_double_slab is failed,
remove_partial should be called case by case.
I think that these are disadvantages of current implementation,
so I do refactoring unfreeze_partials().
Minimizing code in do {} while loop introduce a reduced fail rate
of cmpxchg_double_slab. Below is output of 'slabinfo -r kmalloc-256'
when './perf stat -r 33 hackbench 50 process 4000 > /dev/null' is done.
** before **
Cmpxchg_double Looping
------------------------
Locked Cmpxchg Double redos 182685
Unlocked Cmpxchg Double redos 0
** after **
Cmpxchg_double Looping
------------------------
Locked Cmpxchg Double redos 177995
Unlocked Cmpxchg Double redos 1
We can see cmpxchg_double_slab fail rate is improved slightly.
Bolow is output of './perf stat -r 30 hackbench 50 process 4000 > /dev/null'.
** before **
Performance counter stats for './hackbench 50 process 4000' (30 runs):
108517.190463 task-clock # 7.926 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.24% )
2,919,550 context-switches # 0.027 M/sec ( +- 3.07% )
100,774 CPU-migrations # 0.929 K/sec ( +- 4.72% )
124,201 page-faults # 0.001 M/sec ( +- 0.15% )
401,500,234,387 cycles # 3.700 GHz ( +- 0.24% )
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
250,576,913,354 instructions # 0.62 insns per cycle ( +- 0.13% )
45,934,956,860 branches # 423.297 M/sec ( +- 0.14% )
188,219,787 branch-misses # 0.41% of all branches ( +- 0.56% )
13.691837307 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.24% )
** after **
Performance counter stats for './hackbench 50 process 4000' (30 runs):
107784.479767 task-clock # 7.928 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.22% )
2,834,781 context-switches # 0.026 M/sec ( +- 2.33% )
93,083 CPU-migrations # 0.864 K/sec ( +- 3.45% )
123,967 page-faults # 0.001 M/sec ( +- 0.15% )
398,781,421,836 cycles # 3.700 GHz ( +- 0.22% )
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
250,189,160,419 instructions # 0.63 insns per cycle ( +- 0.09% )
45,855,370,128 branches # 425.436 M/sec ( +- 0.10% )
169,881,248 branch-misses # 0.37% of all branches ( +- 0.43% )
13.596272341 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.22% )
No regression is found, but rather we can see slightly better result.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
get_freelist(), unfreeze_partials() are only called with interrupt disabled,
so __cmpxchg_double_slab() is suitable.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
slab_node() could access current->mempolicy from interrupt context.
However there's a race condition during exit where the mempolicy
is first freed and then the pointer zeroed.
Using this from interrupts seems bogus anyways. The interrupt
will interrupt a random process and therefore get a random
mempolicy. Many times, this will be idle's, which noone can change.
Just disable this here and always use local for slab
from interrupts. I also cleaned up the callers of slab_node a bit
which always passed the same argument.
I believe the original mempolicy code did that in fact,
so it's likely a regression.
v2: send version with correct logic
v3: simplify. fix typo.
Reported-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Cc: penberg@kernel.org
Cc: cl@linux.com
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
[tdmackey@twitter.com: Rework control flow based on feedback from
cl@linux.com, fix logic, and cleanup current task_struct reference]
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David Mackey <tdmackey@twitter.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Define a struct that describes common fields used in all slab allocators.
A slab allocator either uses the common definition (like SLOB) or is
required to provide members of kmem_cache with the definition given.
After that it will be possible to share code that
only operates on those fields of kmem_cache.
The patch basically takes the slob definition of kmem cache and
uses the field namees for the other allocators.
It also standardizes the names used for basic object lengths in
allocators:
object_size Struct size specified at kmem_cache_create. Basically
the payload expected to be used by the subsystem.
size The size of memory allocator for each object. This size
is larger than object_size and includes padding, alignment
and extra metadata for each object (f.e. for debugging
and rcu).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
* Fix a merge conflict in mm/slub.c::acquire_slab() due to commit 02d7633
("slub: fix a memory leak in get_partial_node()").
Conflicts:
mm/slub.c
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Pull slab updates from Pekka Enberg:
"Mainly a bunch of SLUB fixes from Joonsoo Kim"
* 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
slub: use __SetPageSlab function to set PG_slab flag
slub: fix a memory leak in get_partial_node()
slub: remove unused argument of init_kmem_cache_node()
slub: fix a possible memory leak
Documentations: Fix slabinfo.c directory in vm/slub.txt
slub: fix incorrect return type of get_any_partial()
Avoid passing the kmem_cache_cpu pointer to node_match. This makes the
node_match function more generic and easier to understand.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Store the value of c->page to avoid additional fetches
from per cpu data.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Processing on fields of kmem_cache_cpu is cleaner if code working on fields
of this struct is taken out of deactivate_slab().
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The node field is always page_to_nid(c->page). So its rather easy to
replace. Note that there maybe slightly more overhead in various hot paths
due to the need to shift the bits from page->flags. However, that is mostly
compensated for by a smaller footprint of the kmem_cache_cpu structure (this
patch reduces that to 3 words per cache) which allows better caching.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Moving the attempt to get a slab page from the partial lists simplifies
__slab_alloc which is rather complicated.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Avoid the loop in acquire slab and simply fail if there is a conflict.
This will cause the next page on the list to be considered.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Verify that objects returned from __slab_alloc come from slab pages
in the correct state.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
The variable "object" really refers to a list of objects that we
are handling.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
To set page-flag, using SetPageXXXX() and __SetPageXXXX() is more
understandable and maintainable. So change it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
In the case which is below,
1. acquire slab for cpu partial list
2. free object to it by remote cpu
3. page->freelist = t
then memory leak is occurred.
Change acquire_slab() not to zap freelist when it works for cpu partial list.
I think it is a sufficient solution for fixing a memory leak.
Below is output of 'slabinfo -r kmalloc-256'
when './perf stat -r 30 hackbench 50 process 4000 > /dev/null' is done.
***Vanilla***
Sizes (bytes) Slabs Debug Memory
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Object : 256 Total : 468 Sanity Checks : Off Total: 3833856
SlabObj: 256 Full : 111 Redzoning : Off Used : 2004992
SlabSiz: 8192 Partial: 302 Poisoning : Off Loss : 1828864
Loss : 0 CpuSlab: 55 Tracking : Off Lalig: 0
Align : 8 Objects: 32 Tracing : Off Lpadd: 0
***Patched***
Sizes (bytes) Slabs Debug Memory
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Object : 256 Total : 300 Sanity Checks : Off Total: 2457600
SlabObj: 256 Full : 204 Redzoning : Off Used : 2348800
SlabSiz: 8192 Partial: 33 Poisoning : Off Loss : 108800
Loss : 0 CpuSlab: 63 Tracking : Off Lalig: 0
Align : 8 Objects: 32 Tracing : Off Lpadd: 0
Total and loss number is the impact of this patch.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
I found some kernel messages such as:
SLUB raid5-md127: kmem_cache_destroy called for cache that still has objects.
Pid: 6143, comm: mdadm Tainted: G O 3.4.0-rc6+ #75
Call Trace:
kmem_cache_destroy+0x328/0x400
free_conf+0x2d/0xf0 [raid456]
stop+0x41/0x60 [raid456]
md_stop+0x1a/0x60 [md_mod]
do_md_stop+0x74/0x470 [md_mod]
md_ioctl+0xff/0x11f0 [md_mod]
blkdev_ioctl+0xd8/0x7a0
block_ioctl+0x3b/0x40
do_vfs_ioctl+0x96/0x560
sys_ioctl+0x91/0xa0
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Then using kmemleak I found these messages:
unreferenced object 0xffff8800b6db7380 (size 112):
comm "mdadm", pid 5783, jiffies 4294810749 (age 90.589s)
hex dump (first 32 bytes):
01 01 db b6 ad 4e ad de ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff .....N..........
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 98 40 4a 82 ff ff ff ff .........@J.....
backtrace:
kmemleak_alloc+0x21/0x50
kmem_cache_alloc+0xeb/0x1b0
kmem_cache_open+0x2f1/0x430
kmem_cache_create+0x158/0x320
setup_conf+0x649/0x770 [raid456]
run+0x68b/0x840 [raid456]
md_run+0x529/0x940 [md_mod]
do_md_run+0x18/0xc0 [md_mod]
md_ioctl+0xba8/0x11f0 [md_mod]
blkdev_ioctl+0xd8/0x7a0
block_ioctl+0x3b/0x40
do_vfs_ioctl+0x96/0x560
sys_ioctl+0x91/0xa0
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
This bug was introduced by commit a8364d5555 ("slub: only IPI CPUs that
have per cpu obj to flush"), which did not include checks for per cpu
partial pages being present on a cpu.
Signed-off-by: majianpeng <majianpeng@gmail.com>
Cc: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We don't use the argument since commit 3b89d7d881
('slub: move min_partial to struct kmem_cache'), so remove it
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Memory allocated by kstrdup should be freed,
when kmalloc(kmem_size, GFP_KERNEL) is failed.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Commit 497b66f2ec ('slub: return object pointer
from get_partial() / new_slab().') changed return type of some functions.
This updates missing part.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Merge third batch of patches from Andrew Morton:
- Some MM stragglers
- core SMP library cleanups (on_each_cpu_mask)
- Some IPI optimisations
- kexec
- kdump
- IPMI
- the radix-tree iterator work
- various other misc bits.
"That'll do for -rc1. I still have ~10 patches for 3.4, will send
those along when they've baked a little more."
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (35 commits)
backlight: fix typo in tosa_lcd.c
crc32: add help text for the algorithm select option
mm: move hugepage test examples to tools/testing/selftests/vm
mm: move slabinfo.c to tools/vm
mm: move page-types.c from Documentation to tools/vm
selftests/Makefile: make `run_tests' depend on `all'
selftests: launch individual selftests from the main Makefile
radix-tree: use iterators in find_get_pages* functions
radix-tree: rewrite gang lookup using iterator
radix-tree: introduce bit-optimized iterator
fs/proc/namespaces.c: prevent crash when ns_entries[] is empty
nbd: rename the nbd_device variable from lo to nbd
pidns: add reboot_pid_ns() to handle the reboot syscall
sysctl: use bitmap library functions
ipmi: use locks on watchdog timeout set on reboot
ipmi: simplify locking
ipmi: fix message handling during panics
ipmi: use a tasklet for handling received messages
ipmi: increase KCS timeouts
ipmi: decrease the IPMI message transaction time in interrupt mode
...
flush_all() is called for each kmem_cache_destroy(). So every cache being
destroyed dynamically ends up sending an IPI to each CPU in the system,
regardless if the cache has ever been used there.
For example, if you close the Infinband ipath driver char device file, the
close file ops calls kmem_cache_destroy(). So running some infiniband
config tool on one a single CPU dedicated to system tasks might interrupt
the rest of the 127 CPUs dedicated to some CPU intensive or latency
sensitive task.
I suspect there is a good chance that every line in the output of "git
grep kmem_cache_destroy linux/ | grep '\->'" has a similar scenario.
This patch attempts to rectify this issue by sending an IPI to flush the
per cpu objects back to the free lists only to CPUs that seem to have such
objects.
The check which CPU to IPI is racy but we don't care since asking a CPU
without per cpu objects to flush does no damage and as far as I can tell
the flush_all by itself is racy against allocs on remote CPUs anyway, so
if you required the flush_all to be determinstic, you had to arrange for
locking regardless.
Without this patch the following artificial test case:
$ cd /sys/kernel/slab
$ for DIR in *; do cat $DIR/alloc_calls > /dev/null; done
produces 166 IPIs on an cpuset isolated CPU. With it it produces none.
The code path of memory allocation failure for CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y
config was tested using fault injection framework.
Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.org>
Cc: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Cc: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg:
"There's the new kmalloc_array() API, minor fixes and performance
improvements, but quite honestly, nothing terribly exciting."
* 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
mm: SLAB Out-of-memory diagnostics
slab: introduce kmalloc_array()
slub: per cpu partial statistics change
slub: include include for prefetch
slub: Do not hold slub_lock when calling sysfs_slab_add()
slub: prefetch next freelist pointer in slab_alloc()
slab, cleanup: remove unneeded return
Commit c0ff7453bb ("cpuset,mm: fix no node to alloc memory when
changing cpuset's mems") wins a super prize for the largest number of
memory barriers entered into fast paths for one commit.
[get|put]_mems_allowed is incredibly heavy with pairs of full memory
barriers inserted into a number of hot paths. This was detected while
investigating at large page allocator slowdown introduced some time
after 2.6.32. The largest portion of this overhead was shown by
oprofile to be at an mfence introduced by this commit into the page
allocator hot path.
For extra style points, the commit introduced the use of yield() in an
implementation of what looks like a spinning mutex.
This patch replaces the full memory barriers on both read and write
sides with a sequence counter with just read barriers on the fast path
side. This is much cheaper on some architectures, including x86. The
main bulk of the patch is the retry logic if the nodemask changes in a
manner that can cause a false failure.
While updating the nodemask, a check is made to see if a false failure
is a risk. If it is, the sequence number gets bumped and parallel
allocators will briefly stall while the nodemask update takes place.
In a page fault test microbenchmark, oprofile samples from
__alloc_pages_nodemask went from 4.53% of all samples to 1.15%. The
actual results were
3.3.0-rc3 3.3.0-rc3
rc3-vanilla nobarrier-v2r1
Clients 1 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.08 (-14.19%)
Clients 2 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 2.72%)
Clients 4 UserTime 0.08 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 3.29%)
Clients 1 SysTime 0.70 ( 0.00%) 0.65 ( 6.65%)
Clients 2 SysTime 0.85 ( 0.00%) 0.82 ( 3.65%)
Clients 4 SysTime 1.41 ( 0.00%) 1.41 ( 0.32%)
Clients 1 WallTime 0.77 ( 0.00%) 0.74 ( 4.19%)
Clients 2 WallTime 0.47 ( 0.00%) 0.45 ( 3.73%)
Clients 4 WallTime 0.38 ( 0.00%) 0.37 ( 1.58%)
Clients 1 Flt/sec/cpu 497620.28 ( 0.00%) 520294.53 ( 4.56%)
Clients 2 Flt/sec/cpu 414639.05 ( 0.00%) 429882.01 ( 3.68%)
Clients 4 Flt/sec/cpu 257959.16 ( 0.00%) 258761.48 ( 0.31%)
Clients 1 Flt/sec 495161.39 ( 0.00%) 517292.87 ( 4.47%)
Clients 2 Flt/sec 820325.95 ( 0.00%) 850289.77 ( 3.65%)
Clients 4 Flt/sec 1020068.93 ( 0.00%) 1022674.06 ( 0.26%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 135.68 132.17
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 164.2 160.13
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 123.46 120.87
The overall improvement is small but the System CPU time is much
improved and roughly in correlation to what oprofile reported (these
performance figures are without profiling so skew is expected). The
actual number of page faults is noticeably improved.
For benchmarks like kernel builds, the overall benefit is marginal but
the system CPU time is slightly reduced.
To test the actual bug the commit fixed I opened two terminals. The
first ran within a cpuset and continually ran a small program that
faulted 100M of anonymous data. In a second window, the nodemask of the
cpuset was continually randomised in a loop.
Without the commit, the program would fail every so often (usually
within 10 seconds) and obviously with the commit everything worked fine.
With this patch applied, it also worked fine so the fix should be
functionally equivalent.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch split the cpu_partial_free into 2 parts: cpu_partial_node, PCP refilling
times from node partial; and same name cpu_partial_free, PCP refilling times in
slab_free slow path. A new statistic 'cpu_partial_drain' is added to get PCP
drain to node partial times. These info are useful when do PCP tunning.
The slabinfo.c code is unchanged, since cpu_partial_node is not on slow path.
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Otherwise m68k breaks:
On Mon, 30 Jan 2012, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> m68k/allmodconfig at http://kisskb.ellerman.id.au/kisskb/buildresult/5527349/
>
> mm/slub.c:274: error: implicit declaration of function 'prefetch'
>
> Sorry, didn't notice it earlier due to other build breakage in -next.
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Christoph Lameter