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Merge tag 'for-5.18/drivers-2022-04-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block driver fixes from Jens Axboe:
"Followup block driver updates and fixes for the 5.18-rc1 merge window.
In detail:
- NVMe pull request
- Fix multipath hang when disk goes live over reconnect (Anton
Eidelman)
- fix RCU hole that allowed for endless looping in multipath
round robin (Chris Leech)
- remove redundant assignment after left shift (Colin Ian King)
- add quirks for Samsung X5 SSDs (Monish Kumar R)
- fix the read-only state for zoned namespaces with unsupposed
features (Pankaj Raghav)
- use a private workqueue instead of the system workqueue in
nvmet (Sagi Grimberg)
- allow duplicate NSIDs for private namespaces (Sungup Moon)
- expose use_threaded_interrupts read-only in sysfs (Xin Hao)"
- nbd minor allocation fix (Zhang)
- drbd fixes and maintainer addition (Lars, Jakob, Christoph)
- n64cart build fix (Jackie)
- loop compat ioctl fix (Carlos)
- misc fixes (Colin, Dongli)"
* tag 'for-5.18/drivers-2022-04-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
drbd: remove check of list iterator against head past the loop body
drbd: remove usage of list iterator variable after loop
nbd: fix possible overflow on 'first_minor' in nbd_dev_add()
MAINTAINERS: add drbd co-maintainer
drbd: fix potential silent data corruption
loop: fix ioctl calls using compat_loop_info
nvme-multipath: fix hang when disk goes live over reconnect
nvme: fix RCU hole that allowed for endless looping in multipath round robin
nvme: allow duplicate NSIDs for private namespaces
nvmet: remove redundant assignment after left shift
nvmet: use a private workqueue instead of the system workqueue
nvme-pci: add quirks for Samsung X5 SSDs
nvme-pci: expose use_threaded_interrupts read-only in sysfs
nvme: fix the read-only state for zoned namespaces with unsupposed features
n64cart: convert bi_disk to bi_bdev->bd_disk fix build
xen/blkfront: fix comment for need_copy
xen-blkback: remove redundant assignment to variable i
- Rewrite how munlock works to massively reduce the contention
on i_mmap_rwsem (Hugh Dickins):
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/8e4356d-9622-a7f0-b2c-f116b5f2efea@google.com/
- Sort out the page refcount mess for ZONE_DEVICE pages (Christoph Hellwig):
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220210072828.2930359-1-hch@lst.de/
- Convert GUP to use folios and make pincount available for order-1
pages. (Matthew Wilcox)
- Convert a few more truncation functions to use folios (Matthew Wilcox)
- Convert page_vma_mapped_walk to use PFNs instead of pages (Matthew Wilcox)
- Convert rmap_walk to use folios (Matthew Wilcox)
- Convert most of shrink_page_list() to use a folio (Matthew Wilcox)
- Add support for creating large folios in readahead (Matthew Wilcox)
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Merge tag 'folio-5.18c' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/pagecache
Pull folio updates from Matthew Wilcox:
- Rewrite how munlock works to massively reduce the contention on
i_mmap_rwsem (Hugh Dickins):
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/8e4356d-9622-a7f0-b2c-f116b5f2efea@google.com/
- Sort out the page refcount mess for ZONE_DEVICE pages (Christoph
Hellwig):
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220210072828.2930359-1-hch@lst.de/
- Convert GUP to use folios and make pincount available for order-1
pages. (Matthew Wilcox)
- Convert a few more truncation functions to use folios (Matthew
Wilcox)
- Convert page_vma_mapped_walk to use PFNs instead of pages (Matthew
Wilcox)
- Convert rmap_walk to use folios (Matthew Wilcox)
- Convert most of shrink_page_list() to use a folio (Matthew Wilcox)
- Add support for creating large folios in readahead (Matthew Wilcox)
* tag 'folio-5.18c' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/pagecache: (114 commits)
mm/damon: minor cleanup for damon_pa_young
selftests/vm/transhuge-stress: Support file-backed PMD folios
mm/filemap: Support VM_HUGEPAGE for file mappings
mm/readahead: Switch to page_cache_ra_order
mm/readahead: Align file mappings for non-DAX
mm/readahead: Add large folio readahead
mm: Support arbitrary THP sizes
mm: Make large folios depend on THP
mm: Fix READ_ONLY_THP warning
mm/filemap: Allow large folios to be added to the page cache
mm: Turn can_split_huge_page() into can_split_folio()
mm/vmscan: Convert pageout() to take a folio
mm/vmscan: Turn page_check_references() into folio_check_references()
mm/vmscan: Account large folios correctly
mm/vmscan: Optimise shrink_page_list for non-PMD-sized folios
mm/vmscan: Free non-shmem folios without splitting them
mm/rmap: Constify the rmap_walk_control argument
mm/rmap: Convert rmap_walk() to take a folio
mm: Turn page_anon_vma() into folio_anon_vma()
mm/rmap: Turn page_lock_anon_vma_read() into folio_lock_anon_vma_read()
...
These functions are page cache functionality and don't need to be
declared in fs.h.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Variable i is being assigned a value that is never read, it is being
re-assigned later in a for-loop. The assignment is redundant and can
be removed.
Cleans up clang scan build warning:
drivers/block/xen-blkback/blkback.c:934:14: warning: Although the value
stored to 'i' is used in the enclosing expression, the value is never
actually read from 'i' [deadcode.DeadStores]
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220317234646.78158-1-colin.i.king@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Pass the block_device and operation that we plan to use this bio for to
bio_alloc to optimize the assignment. NULL/0 can be passed, both for the
passthrough case on a raw request_queue and to temporarily avoid
refactoring some nasty code.
Also move the gfp_mask argument after the nr_vecs argument for a much
more logical calling convention matching what most of the kernel does.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220124091107.642561-18-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Remove handling of NULL returns from sleeping bio_alloc calls given that
those can't fail.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220124091107.642561-13-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
GENHD_FL_CD marks a gendisk as a vaguely CD-ROM like device.
Besides being used internally inside of sunvdc.c an xen-blkfront it
is used by xen-blkback as a hint to claim a device exported to a
guest is a CD-ROM like device. Just check for disk->cdi instead
which is the right indicator for "real" CD-ROM or DVD drivers. This
will miss the paravirtualized guest drivers, but those make little
sense to report anyway.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211122130625.1136848-4-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Use sync_blockdev instead of opencoding it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211019062530.2174626-4-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Delete/fixup few includes in anticipation of global -isystem compile
option removal.
Note: crypto/aegis128-neon-inner.c keeps <stddef.h> due to redefinition
of uintptr_t error (one definition comes from <stddef.h>, another from
<linux/types.h>).
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Prior to commit 4a8c31a1c6 ("xen/blkback: rework connect_ring() to avoid
inconsistent xenstore 'ring-page-order' set by malicious blkfront"), the
behaviour of xen-blkback when connecting to a frontend was:
- read 'ring-page-order'
- if not present then expect a single page ring specified by 'ring-ref'
- else expect a ring specified by 'ring-refX' where X is between 0 and
1 << ring-page-order
This was correct behaviour, but was broken by the afforementioned commit to
become:
- read 'ring-page-order'
- if not present then expect a single page ring (i.e. ring-page-order = 0)
- expect a ring specified by 'ring-refX' where X is between 0 and
1 << ring-page-order
- if that didn't work then see if there's a single page ring specified by
'ring-ref'
This incorrect behaviour works most of the time but fails when a frontend
that sets 'ring-page-order' is unloaded and replaced by one that does not
because, instead of reading 'ring-ref', xen-blkback will read the stale
'ring-ref0' left around by the previous frontend will try to map the wrong
grant reference.
This patch restores the original behaviour.
Fixes: 4a8c31a1c6 ("xen/blkback: rework connect_ring() to avoid inconsistent xenstore 'ring-page-order' set by malicious blkfront")
Signed-off-by: Paul Durrant <pdurrant@amazon.com>
Reviewed-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: "Roger Pau Monné" <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210202175659.18452-1-paul@xen.org
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
The fix for XSA-365 zapped too many of the ->persistent_gnt[] entries.
Ones successfully obtained should not be overwritten, but instead left
for xen_blkbk_unmap_prepare() to pick up and put.
This is XSA-371.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Wei Liu <wl@xen.org>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
It's often inconvenient to use BIO_MAX_PAGES due to min() requiring the
sign to be the same. Introduce bio_max_segs() and change BIO_MAX_PAGES to
be unsigned to make it easier for the users.
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Merge tag 'for-linus-5.12-rc1-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip
Pull xen updates from Juergen Gross:
"A series of Xen related security fixes, all related to limited error
handling in Xen backend drivers"
* tag 'for-linus-5.12-rc1-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
xen-blkback: fix error handling in xen_blkbk_map()
xen-scsiback: don't "handle" error by BUG()
xen-netback: don't "handle" error by BUG()
xen-blkback: don't "handle" error by BUG()
xen/arm: don't ignore return errors from set_phys_to_machine
Xen/gntdev: correct error checking in gntdev_map_grant_pages()
Xen/gntdev: correct dev_bus_addr handling in gntdev_map_grant_pages()
Xen/x86: also check kernel mapping in set_foreign_p2m_mapping()
Xen/x86: don't bail early from clear_foreign_p2m_mapping()
The function uses a goto-based loop, which may lead to an earlier error
getting discarded by a later iteration. Exit this ad-hoc loop when an
error was encountered.
The out-of-memory error path additionally fails to fill a structure
field looked at by xen_blkbk_unmap_prepare() before inspecting the
handle which does get properly set (to BLKBACK_INVALID_HANDLE).
Since the earlier exiting from the ad-hoc loop requires the same field
filling (invalidation) as that on the out-of-memory path, fold both
paths. While doing so, drop the pr_alert(), as extra log messages aren't
going to help the situation (the kernel will log oom conditions already
anyway).
This is XSA-365.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Julien Grall <julien@xen.org>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
In particular -ENOMEM may come back here, from set_foreign_p2m_mapping().
Don't make problems worse, the more that handling elsewhere (together
with map's status fields now indicating whether a mapping wasn't even
attempted, and hence has to be considered failed) doesn't require this
odd way of dealing with errors.
This is part of XSA-362.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
In order to support the possibility of per-device event channel
settings (e.g. lateeoi spurious event thresholds) add a xenbus device
pointer to struct irq_info() and modify the related event channel
binding interfaces to take the pointer to the xenbus device as a
parameter instead of the domain id of the other side.
While at it remove the stale prototype of bind_evtchn_to_irq_lateeoi().
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Paul Durrant <paul@xen.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Merge tag 'for-5.11/block-2020-12-14' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
"Another series of killing more code than what is being added, again
thanks to Christoph's relentless cleanups and tech debt tackling.
This contains:
- blk-iocost improvements (Baolin Wang)
- part0 iostat fix (Jeffle Xu)
- Disable iopoll for split bios (Jeffle Xu)
- block tracepoint cleanups (Christoph Hellwig)
- Merging of struct block_device and hd_struct (Christoph Hellwig)
- Rework/cleanup of how block device sizes are updated (Christoph
Hellwig)
- Simplification of gendisk lookup and removal of block device
aliasing (Christoph Hellwig)
- Block device ioctl cleanups (Christoph Hellwig)
- Removal of bdget()/blkdev_get() as exported API (Christoph Hellwig)
- Disk change rework, avoid ->revalidate_disk() (Christoph Hellwig)
- sbitmap improvements (Pavel Begunkov)
- Hybrid polling fix (Pavel Begunkov)
- bvec iteration improvements (Pavel Begunkov)
- Zone revalidation fixes (Damien Le Moal)
- blk-throttle limit fix (Yu Kuai)
- Various little fixes"
* tag 'for-5.11/block-2020-12-14' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (126 commits)
blk-mq: fix msec comment from micro to milli seconds
blk-mq: update arg in comment of blk_mq_map_queue
blk-mq: add helper allocating tagset->tags
Revert "block: Fix a lockdep complaint triggered by request queue flushing"
nvme-loop: use blk_mq_hctx_set_fq_lock_class to set loop's lock class
blk-mq: add new API of blk_mq_hctx_set_fq_lock_class
block: disable iopoll for split bio
block: Improve blk_revalidate_disk_zones() checks
sbitmap: simplify wrap check
sbitmap: replace CAS with atomic and
sbitmap: remove swap_lock
sbitmap: optimise sbitmap_deferred_clear()
blk-mq: skip hybrid polling if iopoll doesn't spin
blk-iocost: Factor out the base vrate change into a separate function
blk-iocost: Factor out the active iocgs' state check into a separate function
blk-iocost: Move the usage ratio calculation to the correct place
blk-iocost: Remove unnecessary advance declaration
blk-iocost: Fix some typos in comments
blktrace: fix up a kerneldoc comment
block: remove the request_queue to argument request based tracepoints
...
When xen_blkif_disconnect() is called, the kernel thread behind the
block interface is stopped by calling kthread_stop(ring->xenblkd).
The ring->xenblkd thread pointer being non-NULL determines if the
thread has been already stopped.
Normally, the thread's function xen_blkif_schedule() sets the
ring->xenblkd to NULL, when the thread's main loop ends.
However, when the thread has not been started yet (i.e.
wake_up_process() has not been called on it), the xen_blkif_schedule()
function would not be called yet.
In such case the kthread_stop() call returns -EINTR and the
ring->xenblkd remains dangling.
When this happens, any consecutive call to xen_blkif_disconnect (for
example in frontend_changed() callback) leads to a kernel crash in
kthread_stop() (e.g. NULL pointer dereference in exit_creds()).
This is XSA-350.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.12
Fixes: a24fa22ce2 ("xen/blkback: don't use xen_blkif_get() in xen-blkback kthread")
Reported-by: Olivier Benjamin <oliben@amazon.com>
Reported-by: Pawel Wieczorkiewicz <wipawel@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Pawel Wieczorkiewicz <wipawel@amazon.de>
Reviewed-by: Julien Grall <jgrall@amazon.com>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Some code does not directly make 'xenbus_watch' object and call
'register_xenbus_watch()' but use 'xenbus_watch_path()' instead. This
commit adds support of 'will_handle' callback in the
'xenbus_watch_path()' and it's wrapper, 'xenbus_watch_pathfmt()'.
This is part of XSA-349
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Reported-by: Michael Kurth <mku@amazon.de>
Reported-by: Pawel Wieczorkiewicz <wipawel@amazon.de>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Instead of having similar helpers in multiple backend drivers use
common helpers for caching pages allocated via gnttab_alloc_pages().
Make use of those helpers in blkback and scsiback.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.9
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovksy@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Now that the hd_struct always has a block device attached to it, there is
no need for having two size field that just get out of sync.
Additionally the field in hd_struct did not use proper serialization,
possibly allowing for torn writes. By only using the block_device field
this problem also gets fixed.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Acked-by: Coly Li <colyli@suse.de> [bcache]
Acked-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com> [f2fs]
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Persistent grants feature provides high scalability. On some small
systems, however, it could incur data copy overheads[1] and thus it is
required to be disabled. But, there is no option to disable it. For
the reason, this commit adds a module parameter for disabling of the
feature.
[1] https://wiki.xen.org/wiki/Xen_4.3_Block_Protocol_Scalability
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Acked-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200923061841.20531-2-sjpark@amazon.com
Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
In order to reduce the chance for the system becoming unresponsive due
to event storms triggered by a misbehaving blkfront use the lateeoi
irq binding for blkback and unmask the event channel only after
processing all pending requests.
As the thread processing requests is used to do purging work in regular
intervals an EOI may be sent only after having received an event. If
there was no pending I/O request flag the EOI as spurious.
This is part of XSA-332.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Julien Grall <julien@xen.org>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Wei Liu <wl@xen.org>
Patch series "mm: cleanup usage of <asm/pgalloc.h>"
Most architectures have very similar versions of pXd_alloc_one() and
pXd_free_one() for intermediate levels of page table. These patches add
generic versions of these functions in <asm-generic/pgalloc.h> and enable
use of the generic functions where appropriate.
In addition, functions declared and defined in <asm/pgalloc.h> headers are
used mostly by core mm and early mm initialization in arch and there is no
actual reason to have the <asm/pgalloc.h> included all over the place.
The first patch in this series removes unneeded includes of
<asm/pgalloc.h>
In the end it didn't work out as neatly as I hoped and moving
pXd_alloc_track() definitions to <asm-generic/pgalloc.h> would require
unnecessary changes to arches that have custom page table allocations, so
I've decided to move lib/ioremap.c to mm/ and make pgalloc-track.h local
to mm/.
This patch (of 8):
In most cases <asm/pgalloc.h> header is required only for allocations of
page table memory. Most of the .c files that include that header do not
use symbols declared in <asm/pgalloc.h> and do not require that header.
As for the other header files that used to include <asm/pgalloc.h>, it is
possible to move that include into the .c file that actually uses symbols
from <asm/pgalloc.h> and drop the include from the header file.
The process was somewhat automated using
sed -i -E '/[<"]asm\/pgalloc\.h/d' \
$(grep -L -w -f /tmp/xx \
$(git grep -E -l '[<"]asm/pgalloc\.h'))
where /tmp/xx contains all the symbols defined in
arch/*/include/asm/pgalloc.h.
[rppt@linux.ibm.com: fix powerpc warning]
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> [m68k]
Cc: Abdul Haleem <abdhalee@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Satheesh Rajendran <sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200627143453.31835-1-rppt@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200627143453.31835-2-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The number of empty lines between functions in the xenbus.c is
inconsistent. This trivial style cleanup commit fixes the file to
consistently place only one empty line.
Acked-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
A few of static variables in blkback have 'xen_blkif_' prefix, though it
is unnecessary for static variables. This commit removes such prefixes.
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Each `blkif` has a free pages pool for the grant mapping. The size of
the pool starts from zero and is increased on demand while processing
the I/O requests. If current I/O requests handling is finished or 100
milliseconds has passed since last I/O requests handling, it checks and
shrinks the pool to not exceed the size limit, `max_buffer_pages`.
Therefore, host administrators can cause memory pressure in blkback by
attaching a large number of block devices and inducing I/O. Such
problematic situations can be avoided by limiting the maximum number of
devices that can be attached, but finding the optimal limit is not so
easy. Improper set of the limit can results in memory pressure or a
resource underutilization. This commit avoids such problematic
situations by squeezing the pools (returns every free page in the pool
to the system) for a while (users can set this duration via a module
parameter) if memory pressure is detected.
Discussions
===========
The `blkback`'s original shrinking mechanism returns only pages in the
pool which are not currently be used by `blkback` to the system. In
other words, the pages that are not mapped with granted pages. Because
this commit is changing only the shrink limit but still uses the same
freeing mechanism it does not touch pages which are currently mapping
grants.
Once memory pressure is detected, this commit keeps the squeezing limit
for a user-specified time duration. The duration should be neither too
long nor too short. If it is too long, the squeezing incurring overhead
can reduce the I/O performance. If it is too short, `blkback` will not
free enough pages to reduce the memory pressure. This commit sets the
value as `10 milliseconds` by default because it is a short time in
terms of I/O while it is a long time in terms of memory operations.
Also, as the original shrinking mechanism works for at least every 100
milliseconds, this could be a somewhat reasonable choice. I also tested
other durations (refer to the below section for more details) and
confirmed that 10 milliseconds is the one that works best with the test.
That said, the proper duration depends on actual configurations and
workloads. That's why this commit allows users to set the duration as a
module parameter.
Memory Pressure Test
====================
To show how this commit fixes the memory pressure situation well, I
configured a test environment on a xen-running virtualization system.
On the `blkfront` running guest instances, I attach a large number of
network-backed volume devices and induce I/O to those. Meanwhile, I
measure the number of pages that swapped in (pswpin) and out (pswpout)
on the `blkback` running guest. The test ran twice, once for the
`blkback` before this commit and once for that after this commit. As
shown below, this commit has dramatically reduced the memory pressure:
pswpin pswpout
before 76,672 185,799
after 867 3,967
Optimal Aggressive Shrinking Duration
-------------------------------------
To find a best squeezing duration, I repeated the test with three
different durations (1ms, 10ms, and 100ms). The results are as below:
duration pswpin pswpout
1 707 5,095
10 867 3,967
100 362 3,348
As expected, the memory pressure decreases as the duration increases,
but the reduction become slow from the `10ms`. Based on this results, I
chose the default duration as 10ms.
Performance Overhead Test
=========================
This commit could incur I/O performance degradation under severe memory
pressure because the squeezing will require more page allocations per
I/O. To show the overhead, I artificially made a worst-case squeezing
situation and measured the I/O performance of a `blkfront` running
guest.
For the artificial squeezing, I set the `blkback.max_buffer_pages` using
the `/sys/module/xen_blkback/parameters/max_buffer_pages` file. In this
test, I set the value to `1024` and `0`. The `1024` is the default
value. Setting the value as `0` is same to a situation doing the
squeezing always (worst-case).
If the underlying block device is slow enough, the squeezing overhead
could be hidden. For the reason, I use a fast block device, namely the
rbd[1]:
# xl block-attach guest phy:/dev/ram0 xvdb w
For the I/O performance measurement, I run a simple `dd` command 5 times
directly to the device as below and collect the 'MB/s' results.
$ for i in {1..5}; do dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/xvdb \
bs=4k count=$((256*512)); sync; done
The results are as below. 'max_pgs' represents the value of the
`blkback.max_buffer_pages` parameter.
max_pgs Min Max Median Avg Stddev
0 417 423 420 419.4 2.5099801
1024 414 425 416 417.8 4.4384682
No difference proven at 95.0% confidence
In short, even worst case squeezing on ramdisk based fast block device
makes no visible performance degradation. Please note that this is just
a very simple and minimal test. On systems using super-fast block
devices and a special I/O workload, the results might be different. If
you have any doubt, test on your machine with your workload to find the
optimal squeezing duration for you.
[1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.html
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
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Merge tag 'for-linus-5.5b-rc3-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip
Pull xen fixes from Juergen Gross:
"This contains two cleanup patches and a small series for supporting
reloading the Xen block backend driver"
* tag 'for-linus-5.5b-rc3-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
xen/grant-table: remove multiple BUG_ON on gnttab_interface
xen-blkback: support dynamic unbind/bind
xen/interface: re-define FRONT/BACK_RING_ATTACH()
xenbus: limit when state is forced to closed
xenbus: move xenbus_dev_shutdown() into frontend code...
xen/blkfront: Adjust indentation in xlvbd_alloc_gendisk
By simply re-attaching to shared rings during connect_ring() rather than
assuming they are freshly allocated (i.e assuming the counters are zero)
it is possible for vbd instances to be unbound and re-bound from and to
(respectively) a running guest.
This has been tested by running:
while true;
do fio --name=randwrite --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=16 \
--rw=randwrite --bs=4k --direct=1 --size=1G --verify=crc32;
done
in a PV guest whilst running:
while true;
do echo vbd-$DOMID-$VBD >unbind;
echo unbound;
sleep 5;
echo vbd-$DOMID-$VBD >bind;
echo bound;
sleep 3;
done
in dom0 from /sys/bus/xen-backend/drivers/vbd to continuously unbind and
re-bind its system disk image.
This is a highly useful feature for a backend module as it allows it to be
unloaded and re-loaded (i.e. updated) without requiring domUs to be halted.
This was also tested by running:
while true;
do echo vbd-$DOMID-$VBD >unbind;
echo unbound;
sleep 5;
rmmod xen-blkback;
echo unloaded;
sleep 1;
modprobe xen-blkback;
echo bound;
cd $(pwd);
sleep 3;
done
in dom0 whilst running the same loop as above in the (single) PV guest.
Some (less stressful) testing has also been done using a Windows HVM guest
with the latest 9.0 PV drivers installed.
Signed-off-by: Paul Durrant <pdurrant@amazon.com>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
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Merge tag 'for-linus-5.5b-rc2-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip
Pull xen fixes from Juergen Gross:
"Two fixes: one for a resource accounting bug in some configurations
and a fix for another patch which went into rc1"
* tag 'for-linus-5.5b-rc2-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
xen/balloon: fix ballooned page accounting without hotplug enabled
xen-blkback: prevent premature module unload
Objects allocated by xen_blkif_alloc come from the 'blkif_cache' kmem
cache. This cache is destoyed when xen-blkif is unloaded so it is
necessary to wait for the deferred free routine used for such objects to
complete. This necessity was missed in commit 14855954f6 "xen-blkback:
allow module to be cleanly unloaded". This patch fixes the problem by
taking/releasing extra module references in xen_blkif_alloc/free()
respectively.
Signed-off-by: Paul Durrant <pdurrant@amazon.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
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Merge tag 'for-linus-5.5b-rc1-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip
Pull more xen updates from Juergen Gross:
- a patch to fix a build warning
- a cleanup of no longer needed code in the Xen event handling
- a small series for the Xen grant driver avoiding high order
allocations and replacing an insane global limit by a per-call one
- a small series fixing Xen frontend/backend module referencing
* tag 'for-linus-5.5b-rc1-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
xen-blkback: allow module to be cleanly unloaded
xen/xenbus: reference count registered modules
xen/gntdev: switch from kcalloc() to kvcalloc()
xen/gntdev: replace global limit of mapped pages by limit per call
xen/gntdev: remove redundant non-zero check on ret
xen/events: remove event handling recursion detection
For each I/O request, blkback first maps the foreign pages for the
request to its local pages. If an allocation of a local page for the
mapping fails, it should unmap every mapping already made for the
request.
However, blkback's handling mechanism for the allocation failure does
not mark the remaining foreign pages as unmapped. Therefore, the unmap
function merely tries to unmap every valid grant page for the request,
including the pages not mapped due to the allocation failure. On a
system that fails the allocation frequently, this problem leads to
following kernel crash.
[ 372.012538] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000001
[ 372.012546] IP: [<ffffffff814071ac>] gnttab_unmap_refs.part.7+0x1c/0x40
[ 372.012557] PGD 16f3e9067 PUD 16426e067 PMD 0
[ 372.012562] Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP
[ 372.012566] Modules linked in: act_police sch_ingress cls_u32
...
[ 372.012746] Call Trace:
[ 372.012752] [<ffffffff81407204>] gnttab_unmap_refs+0x34/0x40
[ 372.012759] [<ffffffffa0335ae3>] xen_blkbk_unmap+0x83/0x150 [xen_blkback]
...
[ 372.012802] [<ffffffffa0336c50>] dispatch_rw_block_io+0x970/0x980 [xen_blkback]
...
Decompressing Linux... Parsing ELF... done.
Booting the kernel.
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
This commit fixes this problem by marking the grant pages of the given
request that didn't mapped due to the allocation failure as invalid.
Fixes: c6cc142dac ("xen-blkback: use balloon pages for all mappings")
Reviewed-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.de>
Reviewed-by: Maximilian Heyne <mheyne@amazon.de>
Reviewed-by: Paul Durrant <pdurrant@amazon.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
In read_per_ring_refs(), after 'req' and related memory regions are
allocated, xen_blkif_map() is invoked to map the shared frame, irq, and
etc. However, if this mapping process fails, no cleanup is performed,
leading to memory leaks. To fix this issue, invoke the cleanup before
returning the error.
Acked-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Wenwen Wang <wenwen@cs.uga.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Based on 3 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version this program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even
the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version [author] [kishon] [vijay] [abraham]
[i] [kishon]@[ti] [com] this program is distributed in the hope that
it will be useful but without any warranty without even the implied
warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose see
the gnu general public license for more details
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version [author] [graeme] [gregory]
[gg]@[slimlogic] [co] [uk] [author] [kishon] [vijay] [abraham] [i]
[kishon]@[ti] [com] [based] [on] [twl6030]_[usb] [c] [author] [hema]
[hk] [hemahk]@[ti] [com] this program is distributed in the hope
that it will be useful but without any warranty without even the
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1105 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070033.202006027@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which:
- Have no license information of any form
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The xenstore 'ring-page-order' is used globally for each blkback queue and
therefore should be read from xenstore only once. However, it is obtained
in read_per_ring_refs() which might be called multiple times during the
initialization of each blkback queue.
If the blkfront is malicious and the 'ring-page-order' is set in different
value by blkfront every time before blkback reads it, this may end up at
the "WARN_ON(i != (XEN_BLKIF_REQS_PER_PAGE * blkif->nr_ring_pages));" in
xen_blkif_disconnect() when frontend is destroyed.
This patch reworks connect_ring() to read xenstore 'ring-page-order' only
once.
Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
As 'be->blkif' is used for many times in connect_ring(), the stack variable
'blkif' is added to substitute 'be-blkif'.
Suggested-by: Paul Durrant <paul.durrant@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Durrant <paul.durrant@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
pers_gnts_lock isn't being used anywhere. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
The struct persistent_gnt flags member is meant to be a bitfield of
different flags. There is only PERSISTENT_GNT_ACTIVE flag left, so
convert it to a bool named "active".
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Persistent grants are allocated until a threshold per ring is being
reached. Those grants won't be freed until the ring is being destroyed
meaning there will be resources kept busy which might no longer be
used.
Instead of freeing only persistent grants until the threshold is
reached add a timestamp and remove all persistent grants not having
been in use for a minute.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Convert the S_<FOO> symbolic permissions to their octal equivalents as
using octal and not symbolic permissions is preferred by many as more
readable.
see: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/8/2/1945
Done with automated conversion via:
$ ./scripts/checkpatch.pl -f --types=SYMBOLIC_PERMS --fix-inplace <files...>
Miscellanea:
o Wrapped modified multi-line calls to a single line where appropriate
o Realign modified multi-line calls to open parenthesis
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Pull block layer updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the first pull request for 4.14, containing most of the code
changes. It's a quiet series this round, which I think we needed after
the churn of the last few series. This contains:
- Fix for a registration race in loop, from Anton Volkov.
- Overflow complaint fix from Arnd for DAC960.
- Series of drbd changes from the usual suspects.
- Conversion of the stec/skd driver to blk-mq. From Bart.
- A few BFQ improvements/fixes from Paolo.
- CFQ improvement from Ritesh, allowing idling for group idle.
- A few fixes found by Dan's smatch, courtesy of Dan.
- A warning fixup for a race between changing the IO scheduler and
device remova. From David Jeffery.
- A few nbd fixes from Josef.
- Support for cgroup info in blktrace, from Shaohua.
- Also from Shaohua, new features in the null_blk driver to allow it
to actually hold data, among other things.
- Various corner cases and error handling fixes from Weiping Zhang.
- Improvements to the IO stats tracking for blk-mq from me. Can
drastically improve performance for fast devices and/or big
machines.
- Series from Christoph removing bi_bdev as being needed for IO
submission, in preparation for nvme multipathing code.
- Series from Bart, including various cleanups and fixes for switch
fall through case complaints"
* 'for-4.14/block' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (162 commits)
kernfs: checking for IS_ERR() instead of NULL
drbd: remove BIOSET_NEED_RESCUER flag from drbd_{md_,}io_bio_set
drbd: Fix allyesconfig build, fix recent commit
drbd: switch from kmalloc() to kmalloc_array()
drbd: abort drbd_start_resync if there is no connection
drbd: move global variables to drbd namespace and make some static
drbd: rename "usermode_helper" to "drbd_usermode_helper"
drbd: fix race between handshake and admin disconnect/down
drbd: fix potential deadlock when trying to detach during handshake
drbd: A single dot should be put into a sequence.
drbd: fix rmmod cleanup, remove _all_ debugfs entries
drbd: Use setup_timer() instead of init_timer() to simplify the code.
drbd: fix potential get_ldev/put_ldev refcount imbalance during attach
drbd: new disk-option disable-write-same
drbd: Fix resource role for newly created resources in events2
drbd: mark symbols static where possible
drbd: Send P_NEG_ACK upon write error in protocol != C
drbd: add explicit plugging when submitting batches
drbd: change list_for_each_safe to while(list_first_entry_or_null)
drbd: introduce drbd_recv_header_maybe_unplug
...
In xen_blkif_disconnect, before checking inflight I/O, following code
stops the blkback thread,
if (ring->xenblkd) {
kthread_stop(ring->xenblkd);
wake_up(&ring->shutdown_wq);
}
If there is inflight I/O in any non-last queue, blkback returns -EBUSY
directly, and above code would not be called to stop thread of remaining
queue and processs them. When removing vbd device with lots of disk I/O
load, some queues with inflight I/O still have blkback thread running even
though the corresponding vbd device or guest is gone.
And this could cause some problems, for example, if the backend device type
is file, some loop devices and blkback thread always lingers there forever
after guest is destroyed, and this causes failure of umounting repositories
unless rebooting the dom0.
This patch allows thread of every queue has the chance to get stopped.
Otherwise, only thread of queue previous to(including) first busy one get
stopped, blkthread of remaining queue will still run. So stop all threads
properly and return -EBUSY if any queue has inflight I/O.
Signed-off-by: Annie Li <annie.li@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Herbert van den Bergh <herbert.van.den.bergh@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bhavesh Davda <bhavesh.davda@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Adnan Misherfi <adnan.misherfi@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
This way we don't need a block_device structure to submit I/O. The
block_device has different life time rules from the gendisk and
request_queue and is usually only available when the block device node
is open. Other callers need to explicitly create one (e.g. the lightnvm
passthrough code, or the new nvme multipathing code).
For the actual I/O path all that we need is the gendisk, which exists
once per block device. But given that the block layer also does
partition remapping we additionally need a partition index, which is
used for said remapping in generic_make_request.
Note that all the block drivers generally want request_queue or
sometimes the gendisk, so this removes a layer of indirection all
over the stack.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Linus Torvalds