The kernel checks for cases of data structure corruption under some
CONFIGs (e.g. CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST). When corruption is detected, some
systems may want to BUG() immediately instead of letting the system run
with known corruption. Usually these kinds of manipulation primitives can
be used by security flaws to gain arbitrary memory write control. This
provides a new config CONFIG_BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION and a corresponding
macro CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION for handling these situations. Notably, even
if not BUGing, the kernel should not continue processing the corrupted
structure.
This is inspired by similar hardening by Syed Rameez Mustafa in MSM
kernels, and in PaX and Grsecurity, which is likely in response to earlier
removal of the BUG calls in commit 924d9addb9 ("list debugging: use
WARN() instead of BUG()").
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Common approach to accessing register fields is to define
structures or sets of macros containing mask and shift pair.
Operations on the register are then performed as follows:
field = (reg >> shift) & mask;
reg &= ~(mask << shift);
reg |= (field & mask) << shift;
Defining shift and mask separately is tedious. Ivo van Doorn
came up with an idea of computing them at compilation time
based on a single shifted mask (later refined by Felix) which
can be used like this:
#define REG_FIELD 0x000ff000
field = FIELD_GET(REG_FIELD, reg);
reg &= ~REG_FIELD;
reg |= FIELD_PREP(REG_FIELD, field);
FIELD_{GET,PREP} macros take care of finding out what the
appropriate shift is based on compilation time ffs operation.
GENMASK can be used to define registers (which is usually
less error-prone and easier to match with datasheets).
This approach is the most convenient I've seen so to limit code
multiplication let's move the macros to a global header file.
Attempts to use static inlines instead of macros failed due
to false positive triggering of BUILD_BUG_ON()s, especially with
GCC < 6.0.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Reviewed-by: Dinan Gunawardena <dinan.gunawardena@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@codeaurora.org>
With next generation power processor, we are having a new mmu model
[1] that require us to maintain a different linux page table format.
Inorder to support both current and future ppc64 systems with a single
kernel we need to make sure kernel can select between different page
table format at runtime. With the new MMU (radix MMU) added, we will
have two different pmd hugepage size 16MB for hash model and 2MB for
Radix model. Hence make HPAGE_PMD related values as a variable.
Actual conversion of HPAGE_PMD to a variable for ppc64 happens in a
followup patch.
[1] http://ibm.biz/power-isa3 (Needs registration).
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Introduce compiletime_assert to compiler.h, which moves the details of
how to break a build and emit an error message for a specific compiler
to the headers where these details should be. Following in the
tradition of the POSIX assert macro, compiletime_assert creates a
build-time error when the supplied condition is *false*.
Next, we add BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG to bug.h which simply wraps
compiletime_assert, inverting the logic, so that it fails when the
condition is *true*, consistent with the language "build bug on." This
macro allows you to specify the error message you want emitted when the
supplied condition is true.
Finally, we remove all other code from bug.h that mucks with these
details (BUILD_BUG & BUILD_BUG_ON), and have them all call
BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG. This not only reduces source code bloat, but also
prevents the possibility of code being changed for one macro and not for
the other (which was previously the case for BUILD_BUG and
BUILD_BUG_ON).
Since __compiletime_error_fallback is now only used in compiler.h, I'm
considering it a private macro and removing the double negation that's
now extraneous.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Prior to the introduction of __attribute__((error("msg"))) in gcc 4.3,
creating compile-time errors required a little trickery.
BUILD_BUG{,_ON} uses this attribute when available to generate
compile-time errors, but also uses the negative-sized array trick for
older compilers, resulting in two error messages in some cases. The
reason it's "some" cases is that as of gcc 4.4, the negative-sized array
will not create an error in some situations, like inline functions.
This patch replaces the negative-sized array code with the new
__compiletime_error_fallback() macro which expands to the same thing
unless the the error attribute is available, in which case it expands to
do{}while(0), resulting in exactly one compile-time error on all
versions of gcc.
Note that we are not changing the negative-sized array code for the
unoptimized version of BUILD_BUG_ON, since it has the potential to catch
problems that would be disabled in later versions of gcc were
__compiletime_error_fallback used. The reason is that that an
unoptimized build can't always remove calls to an error-attributed
function call (like we are using) that should effectively become dead
code if it were optimized. However, using a negative-sized array with a
similar value will not result in an false-positive (error). The only
caveat being that it will also fail to catch valid conditions, which we
should be expecting in an unoptimized build anyway.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Negative sized arrays wont create a compile-time error in some cases
starting with gcc 4.4 (e.g., inlined functions), but gcc 4.3 introduced
the error function attribute that will.
This patch modifies BUILD_BUG_ON to behave like BUILD_BUG already does,
using the error function attribute so that you don't have to build the
entire kernel to discover that you have a problem, and then enjoy trying
to track it down from a link-time error.
Also, we are only including asm/bug.h and then expecting that
linux/compiler.h will eventually be included to define __linktime_error
(used in BUILD_BUG_ON). This patch includes it directly for clarity and
to avoid the possibility of changes in <arch>/*/include/asm/bug.h being
changed or not including linux/compiler.h for some reason.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When calling BUILD_BUG_ON in an optimized build using gcc 4.3 and later,
the condition will be evaulated twice, possibily with side-effects. This
patch eliminates that error.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak code layout]
Signed-off-by: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When __CHECKER__ is defined, we disable all of the BUILD_BUG.* macros.
However, both BUILD_BUG_ON_NOT_POWER_OF_2 and BUILD_BUG_ON was evaluating
to nothing in this case, and we want (0) since this is a function-like
macro that will be followed by a semicolon.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__linktime_error() does the same thing as __compiletime_error() and is
only used in bug.h. Since the macro defines a function attribute that
will cause a failure at compile-time (not link-time), it makes more sense
to keep __compiletime_error(), which is also neatly mated with
__compiletime_warning().
Signed-off-by: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit baf05aa927 ("bug: introduce BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID() macro")
introduces this macro only when _CHECKER_ is not defined. Define a
silent macro in the else condition to fix following sparse warning:
mm/filemap.c:395:9: error: undefined identifier 'BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID'
mm/filemap.c:396:9: error: undefined identifier 'BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID'
mm/filemap.c:397:9: error: undefined identifier 'BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID'
include/linux/mm.h:419:9: error: undefined identifier 'BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID'
include/linux/mm.h:419:9: error: not a function <noident>
Signed-off-by: Tushar Behera <tushar.behera@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sometimes we want to check some expressions correctness at compile time.
"(void)(e);" or "if (e);" can be dangerous if the expression has
side-effects, and gcc sometimes generates a lot of code, even if the
expression has no effect.
This patch introduces macro BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID() for such checks, it
forces a compilation error if expression is invalid without any extra
code.
[Cast to "long" required because sizeof does not work for bit-fields.]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The support for BUILD_BUG in linux/kernel.h predates the
addition of linux/bug.h -- with this chunk off separate,
you can run into situations where a person gets a compile
fail even when they've included linux/bug.h, like this:
CC lib/string.o
lib/string.c: In function 'strlcat':
lib/string.c:225:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'BUILD_BUG_ON'
make[2]: *** [lib/string.o] Error 1
$
$ grep linux/bug.h lib/string.c
#include <linux/bug.h>
$
Since the above violates the principle of least surprise, move
the BUG chunks from kernel.h to bug.h so it is all together.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
They're in linux/bug.h at present, which causes include order tangles. In
particular, linux/bug.h cannot be used by linux/atomic.h because,
according to Nikanth:
linux/bug.h pulls in linux/module.h => linux/spinlock.h => asm/spinlock.h
(which uses atomic_inc) => asm/atomic.h.
bug.h is a pretty low-level thing and module.h is a higher-level thing,
IMO.
Cc: Nikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@novell.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current generic bug implementation has a call to dump_stack() in case a
WARN_ON(whatever) gets hit. Since report_bug(), which calls dump_stack(),
gets called from an exception handler we can do better: just pass the
pt_regs structure to report_bug() and pass it to show_regs() in case of a
warning. This will give more debug informations like register contents,
etc... In addition this avoids some pointless lines that dump_stack()
emits, since it includes a stack backtrace of the exception handler which
is of no interest in case of a warning. E.g. on s390 the following lines
are currently always present in a stack backtrace if dump_stack() gets
called from report_bug():
[<000000000001517a>] show_trace+0x92/0xe8)
[<0000000000015270>] show_stack+0xa0/0xd0
[<00000000000152ce>] dump_stack+0x2e/0x3c
[<0000000000195450>] report_bug+0x98/0xf8
[<0000000000016cc8>] illegal_op+0x1fc/0x21c
[<00000000000227d6>] sysc_return+0x0/0x10
Acked-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Acked-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds common handling for kernel BUGs, for use by architectures as
they wish. The code is derived from arch/powerpc.
The advantages of having common BUG handling are:
- consistent BUG reporting across architectures
- shared implementation of out-of-line file/line data
- implement CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE consistently
This means that in inline impact of BUG is just the illegal instruction
itself, which is an improvement for i386 and x86-64.
A BUG is represented in the instruction stream as an illegal instruction,
which has file/line information associated with it. This extra information is
stored in the __bug_table section in the ELF file.
When the kernel gets an illegal instruction, it first confirms it might
possibly be from a BUG (ie, in kernel mode, the right illegal instruction).
It then calls report_bug(). This searches __bug_table for a matching
instruction pointer, and if found, prints the corresponding file/line
information. If report_bug() determines that it wasn't a BUG which caused the
trap, it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE.
Some architectures (powerpc) implement WARN using the same mechanism; if the
illegal instruction was the result of a WARN, then report_bug(Q) returns
CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE; otherwise it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_BUG.
lib/bug.c keeps a list of loaded modules which can be searched for __bug_table
entries. The architecture must call
module_bug_finalize()/module_bug_cleanup() from its corresponding
module_finalize/cleanup functions.
Unsetting CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE will reduce the kernel size by some amount.
At the very least, filename and line information will not be recorded for each
but, but architectures may decide to store no extra information per BUG at
all.
Unfortunately, gcc doesn't have a general way to mark an asm() as noreturn, so
architectures will generally have to include an infinite loop (or similar) in
the BUG code, so that gcc knows execution won't continue beyond that point.
gcc does have a __builtin_trap() operator which may be useful to achieve the
same effect, unfortunately it cannot be used to actually implement the BUG
itself, because there's no way to get the instruction's address for use in
generating the __bug_table entry.
[randy.dunlap@oracle.com: Handle BUG=n, GENERIC_BUG=n to prevent build errors]
[bunk@stusta.de: include/linux/bug.h must always #include <linux/module.h]
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickens <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Kees Cook