Recent testing has shown that under heavy load, running RCU's grace-period
kthreads at real-time priority can improve performance (according to 0day
test robot) and reduce the incidence of RCU CPU stall warnings. However,
most systems do just fine with the default non-realtime priorities for
these kthreads, and it does not make sense to expose the entire user
base to any risk stemming from this change, given that this change is
of use only to a few users running extremely heavy workloads.
Therefore, this commit allows users to specify realtime priorities
for the grace-period kthreads, but leaves them running SCHED_OTHER
by default. The realtime priority may be specified at build time
via the RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO Kconfig parameter, or at boot time via the
rcutree.kthread_prio parameter. Either way, 0 says to continue the
default SCHED_OTHER behavior and values from 1-99 specify that priority
of SCHED_FIFO behavior. Note that a value of 0 is not permitted when
the RCU_BOOST Kconfig parameter is specified.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, rcutorture's Reader Batch checks measure from the end of
the previous grace period to the end of the current one. This commit
tightens up these checks by measuring from the start and end of the same
grace period. This involves adding rcu_batches_started() and friends
corresponding to the existing rcu_batches_completed() and friends.
We leave SRCU alone for the moment, as it does not yet have a way of
tracking both ends of its grace periods.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that the return type of rcu_batches_completed() and friends matches
that of the rcu_torture_ops structure's ->completed field, the wrapper
functions can be deleted. This commit carries out that deletion, while
also wiring "sched"'s ->completed field to rcu_batches_completed_sched().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The counter returned by the various ->completed functions is subject to
overflow, which means that subtracting two such counters might result
in overflow, which invokes undefined behavior in the C standard. This
commit therefore changes these functions and variables to unsigned to
avoid this undefined behavior.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Long ago, the various ->completed fields were of type long, but now are
unsigned long due to signed-integer-overflow concerns. However, the
various _batches_completed() functions remained of type long, even though
their only purpose in life is to return the corresponding ->completed
field. This patch cleans this up by changing these functions' return
types to unsigned long.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Subtle race conditions can result if a CPU stays in dyntick-idle mode
long enough for the ->gpnum and ->completed fields to wrap. For
example, consider the following sequence of events:
o CPU 1 encounters a quiescent state while waiting for grace period
5 to complete, but then enters dyntick-idle mode.
o While CPU 1 is in dyntick-idle mode, the grace-period counters
wrap around so that the grace period number is now 4.
o Just as CPU 1 exits dyntick-idle mode, grace period 4 completes
and grace period 5 begins.
o The quiescent state that CPU 1 passed through during the old
grace period 5 looks like it applies to the new grace period
5. Therefore, the new grace period 5 completes without CPU 1
having passed through a quiescent state.
This could clearly be a fatal surprise to any long-running RCU read-side
critical section that happened to be running on CPU 1 at the time. At one
time, this was not a problem, given that it takes significant time for
the grace-period counters to overflow even on 32-bit systems. However,
with the advent of NO_HZ_FULL and SMP embedded systems, arbitrarily long
idle periods are now becoming quite feasible. It is therefore time to
close this race.
This commit therefore avoids this race condition by having the
quiescent-state forcing code detect when a CPU is falling too far
behind, and setting a new rcu_data field ->gpwrap when this happens.
Whenever this new ->gpwrap field is set, the CPU's ->gpnum and ->completed
fields are known to be untrustworthy, and can be ignored, along with
any associated quiescent states.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current RCU CPU stall warning code will print "Stall ended before
state dump start" any time that the stall-warning code is triggered on
a CPU that has already reported a quiescent state for the current grace
period and if all quiescent states have been reported for the current
grace period. However, a true stall can result in these symptoms, for
example, by preventing RCU's grace-period kthreads from ever running
This commit therefore checks for this condition, reporting the end of
the stall only if one of the grace-period counters has actually advanced.
Otherwise, it reports the last time that the grace-period kthread made
meaningful progress. (In normal situations, the grace-period kthread
should make meaningful progress at least every jiffies_till_next_fqs
jiffies.)
Reported-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
One way that an RCU CPU stall warning can happen is if the grace-period
kthread is not allowed to execute. One proxy for this kthread's
forward progress is the number of force-quiescent-state (fqs) scans.
This commit therefore adds the number of fqs scans to the RCU CPU stall
warning printouts when CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_INFO=y.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
SRCU is not necessary to be compiled by default in all cases. For tinification
efforts not compiling SRCU unless necessary is desirable.
The current patch tries to make compiling SRCU optional by introducing a new
Kconfig option CONFIG_SRCU which is selected when any of the components making
use of SRCU are selected.
If we do not select CONFIG_SRCU, srcu.o will not be compiled at all.
text data bss dec hex filename
2007 0 0 2007 7d7 kernel/rcu/srcu.o
Size of arch/powerpc/boot/zImage changes from
text data bss dec hex filename
831552 64180 23944 919676 e087c arch/powerpc/boot/zImage : before
829504 64180 23952 917636 e0084 arch/powerpc/boot/zImage : after
so the savings are about ~2000 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
CC: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
CC: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: resolve conflict due to removal of arch/ia64/kvm/Kconfig. ]
When rcutorture used only the low-order 32 bits of the grace-period
number, it was not a problem for SRCU to use a 32-bit completed field.
However, rcutorture now uses the full 64 bits on 64-bit systems, so
this commit converts SRCU's ->completed field to unsigned long so as to
provide 64 bits on 64-bit systems.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The RCU callback lists are initialized in both rcu_boot_init_percpu_data()
and rcu_init_percpu_data(). The former is intended for initializing
immutable data, so this commit removes the initialization from
rcu_boot_init_percpu_data() and leaves it in rcu_init_percpu_data().
This change prepares for permitting callbacks to be queued very early
in boot.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that blocked tasks are no longer migrated to the root rcu_node
structure, there is no need to scan the root rcu_node structure for
blocked tasks stalling the current grace period. This commit therefore
removes this scan.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The patch dfeb9765ce ("Allow post-unlock reference for rt_mutex")
ensured rcu-boost safe even the rt_mutex has post-unlock reference.
But rt_mutex allowing post-unlock reference is definitely a bug and it was
fixed by the commit 27e35715df ("rtmutex: Plug slow unlock race").
This fix made the previous patch (dfeb9765ce) useless.
And even worse, the priority-inversion introduced by the the previous
patch still exists.
rcu_read_unlock_special() {
rt_mutex_unlock(&rnp->boost_mtx);
/* Priority-Inversion:
* the current task had been deboosted and preempted as a low
* priority task immediately, it could wait long before reschedule in,
* and the rcu-booster also waits on this low priority task and sleeps.
* This priority-inversion makes rcu-booster can't work
* as expected.
*/
complete(&rnp->boost_completion);
}
Just revert the patch to avoid it.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_cleanup_dead_cpu() function (called after a CPU has gone
completely offline) has not reported a quiescent state because there
was probably at least one synchronize_rcu() between the time the CPU
went offline and the CPU_DEAD notifier, and this would have detected
the CPU's offline state via quiescent-state forcing. However, the plan
is for CPUs to take themselves offline, at which point it makes sense
for them to report their own quiescent state. This commit makes this
change in preparation for the new CPU-hotplug setup.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When rcu_boost_kthread_setaffinity() sees that all CPUs for a given
rcu_node structure are now offline, it affinities the corresponding
RCU-boost ("rcub") kthread away from those CPUs. This is pointless
because the kthread cannot run on those offline CPUs in any case.
This commit therefore removes this unneeded code.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Because there is no longer any preempted tasks on the root rcu_node, and
because there is no longer ever an rcub kthread for the root rcu_node,
this commit drops the code in force_qs_rnp() that attempts to awaken
the non-existent root rcub kthread. This is strictly a performance
enhancement, removing a root rcu_node ->lock acquisition and release
along with some tests in rcu_initiate_boost(), ending with the test that
notes that there is no rcub kthread.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that offlining CPUs no longer moves leaf rcu_node structures'
->blkd_tasks lists to the root, there is no way for the root rcu_node
structure's ->blkd_task list to be nonempty, unless the root node is also
the sole leaf node. This commit therefore refrains from creating an rcub
kthread for the root rcu_node structure unless it is also the sole leaf.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Given that there is now arcu_preempt_has_tasks() function that checks
to see if the ->blkd_tasks list is non-empty, this commit makes use of it.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that we are not migrating callbacks, there is no need to hold the
->orphan_lock across the the ->qsmaskinit bit-clearing process.
This commit therefore releases ->orphan_lock immediately after adopting
the orphaned RCU callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When the last CPU associated with a given leaf rcu_node structure
goes offline, something must be done about the tasks queued on that
rcu_node structure. Each of these tasks has been preempted on one of
the leaf rcu_node structure's CPUs while in an RCU read-side critical
section that it have not yet exited. Handling these tasks is the job of
rcu_preempt_offline_tasks(), which migrates them from the leaf rcu_node
structure to the root rcu_node structure.
Unfortunately, this migration has to be done one task at a time because
each tasks allegiance must be shifted from the original leaf rcu_node to
the root, so that future attempts to deal with these tasks will acquire
the root rcu_node structure's ->lock rather than that of the leaf.
Worse yet, this migration must be done with interrupts disabled, which
is not so good for realtime response, especially given that there is
no bound on the number of tasks on a given rcu_node structure's list.
(OK, OK, there is a bound, it is just that it is unreasonably large,
especially on 64-bit systems.) This was not considered a problem back
when rcu_preempt_offline_tasks() was first written because realtime
systems were assumed not to do CPU-hotplug operations while real-time
applications were running. This assumption has proved of dubious validity
given that people are starting to run multiple realtime applications
on a single SMP system and that it is common practice to offline then
online a CPU before starting its real-time application in order to clear
extraneous processing off of that CPU. So we now need CPU hotplug
operations to avoid undue latencies.
This commit therefore avoids migrating these tasks, instead letting
them be dequeued one by one from the original leaf rcu_node structure
by rcu_read_unlock_special(). This means that the clearing of bits
from the upper-level rcu_node structures must be deferred until the
last such task has been dequeued, because otherwise subsequent grace
periods won't wait on them. This commit has the beneficial side effect
of simplifying the CPU-hotplug code for TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, especially in
CONFIG_RCU_BOOST builds.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit causes rcu_read_unlock_special() to propagate ->qsmaskinit
bit clearing up the rcu_node tree once a given rcu_node structure's
blkd_tasks list becomes empty. This is the final commit in preparation
for the rework of RCU priority boosting: It enables preempted tasks to
remain queued on their rcu_node structure even after all of that rcu_node
structure's CPUs have gone offline.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit abstracts rcu_cleanup_dead_rnp() from rcu_cleanup_dead_cpu()
in preparation for the rework of RCU priority boosting. This new function
will be invoked from rcu_read_unlock_special() in the reworked scheme,
which is why rcu_cleanup_dead_rnp() assumes that the leaf rcu_node
structure's ->qsmaskinit field has already been updated.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit undertakes a simple variable renaming to make way for
some rework of RCU priority boosting.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit prevents random compiler optimizations by applying
ACCESS_ONCE() to lockless accesses.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The 48a7639ce8 ("rcu: Make callers awaken grace-period kthread")
removed the irq_work_queue(), so the TREE_RCU doesn't need
irq work any more. This commit therefore updates RCU's Kconfig and
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_barrier() no-callbacks check for no-CBs CPUs has race conditions.
It checks a given CPU's lists of callbacks, and if all three no-CBs lists
are empty, ignores that CPU. However, these three lists could potentially
be empty even when callbacks are present if the check executed just as
the callbacks were being moved from one list to another. It turns out
that recent versions of rcutorture can spot this race.
This commit plugs this hole by consolidating the per-list counts of
no-CBs callbacks into a single count, which is incremented before
the corresponding callback is posted and after it is invoked. Then
rcu_barrier() checks this single count to reliably determine whether
the corresponding CPU has no-CBs callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
For RCU in UP, context-switch = QS = GP, thus we can force a
context-switch when any call_rcu_[bh|sched]() is happened on idle_task.
After doing so, rcu_idle/irq_enter/exit() are useless, so we can simply
make these functions empty.
More important, this change does not change the functionality logically.
Note: raise_softirq(RCU_SOFTIRQ)/rcu_sched_qs() in rcu_idle_enter() and
outmost rcu_irq_exit() will have to wake up the ksoftirqd
(due to in_interrupt() == 0).
Before this patch After this patch:
call_rcu_sched() in idle; call_rcu_sched() in idle
set resched
do other stuffs; do other stuffs
outmost rcu_irq_exit() outmost rcu_irq_exit() (empty function)
(or rcu_idle_enter()) (or rcu_idle_enter(), also empty function)
start to resched. (see above)
rcu_sched_qs() rcu_sched_qs()
QS,and GP and advance cb QS,and GP and advance cb
wake up the ksoftirqd wake up the ksoftirqd
set resched
resched to ksoftirqd (or other) resched to ksoftirqd (or other)
These two code patches are almost the same.
Size changed after patched:
size kernel/rcu/tiny-old.o kernel/rcu/tiny-patched.o
text data bss dec hex filename
3449 206 8 3663 e4f kernel/rcu/tiny-old.o
2406 144 8 2558 9fe kernel/rcu/tiny-patched.o
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Despite what the comment says, it is only softirqs that are disabled,
not interrupts. This commit therefore fixes the comment.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Let's start assuming that something in the idle loop posts a callback,
and scheduling-clock interrupt occurs:
1. The system is idle and stays that way, no runnable tasks.
2. Scheduling-clock interrupt occurs, rcu_check_callbacks() is called
as result, which in turn calls rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle().
3. rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle() reports the CPU was interrupted from
idle, which results in rcu_sched_qs() call, which does a
raise_softirq(RCU_SOFTIRQ).
4. Upon return from interrupt, rcu_irq_exit() is invoked, which calls
rcu_idle_enter_common(), which in turn calls rcu_sched_qs() again,
which does another raise_softirq(RCU_SOFTIRQ).
5. The softirq happens shortly and invokes rcu_process_callbacks(),
which invokes __rcu_process_callbacks().
6. So now callbacks can be invoked. At least they can be if
->donetail has been updated. Which it will have been because
rcu_sched_qs() invokes rcu_qsctr_help().
In the described scenario rcu_sched_qs() and raise_softirq(RCU_SOFTIRQ)
get called twice in steps 3 and 4. This redundancy could be eliminated
by removing rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle() function.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The x86 architecture has multiple types of NMI-like interrupts: real
NMIs, machine checks, and, for some values of NMI-like, debugging
and breakpoint interrupts. These interrupts can nest inside each
other. Andy Lutomirski is adding RCU support to these interrupts,
so rcu_nmi_enter() and rcu_nmi_exit() must now correctly handle nesting.
This commit therefore introduces nesting, using a clever NMI-coordination
algorithm suggested by Andy. The trick is to atomically increment
->dynticks (if needed) before manipulating ->dynticks_nmi_nesting on entry
(and, accordingly, after on exit). In addition, ->dynticks_nmi_nesting
is incremented by one if ->dynticks was incremented and by two otherwise.
This means that when rcu_nmi_exit() sees ->dynticks_nmi_nesting equal
to one, it knows that ->dynticks must be atomically incremented.
This NMI-coordination algorithms has been validated by the following
Promela model:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
* Promela model for Andy Lutomirski's suggested change to rcu_nmi_enter()
* that allows nesting.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, you can access it online at
* http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html.
*
* Copyright IBM Corporation, 2014
*
* Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
*/
byte dynticks_nmi_nesting = 0;
byte dynticks = 0;
/*
* Promela verision of rcu_nmi_enter().
*/
inline rcu_nmi_enter()
{
byte incby;
byte tmp;
incby = BUSY_INCBY;
assert(dynticks_nmi_nesting >= 0);
if
:: (dynticks & 1) == 0 ->
atomic {
dynticks = dynticks + 1;
}
assert((dynticks & 1) == 1);
incby = 1;
:: else ->
skip;
fi;
tmp = dynticks_nmi_nesting;
tmp = tmp + incby;
dynticks_nmi_nesting = tmp;
assert(dynticks_nmi_nesting >= 1);
}
/*
* Promela verision of rcu_nmi_exit().
*/
inline rcu_nmi_exit()
{
byte tmp;
assert(dynticks_nmi_nesting > 0);
assert((dynticks & 1) != 0);
if
:: dynticks_nmi_nesting != 1 ->
tmp = dynticks_nmi_nesting;
tmp = tmp - BUSY_INCBY;
dynticks_nmi_nesting = tmp;
:: else ->
dynticks_nmi_nesting = 0;
atomic {
dynticks = dynticks + 1;
}
assert((dynticks & 1) == 0);
fi;
}
/*
* Base-level NMI runs non-atomically. Crudely emulates process-level
* dynticks-idle entry/exit.
*/
proctype base_NMI()
{
byte busy;
busy = 0;
do
:: /* Emulate base-level dynticks and not. */
if
:: 1 -> atomic {
dynticks = dynticks + 1;
}
busy = 1;
:: 1 -> skip;
fi;
/* Verify that we only sometimes have base-level dynticks. */
if
:: busy == 0 -> skip;
:: busy == 1 -> skip;
fi;
/* Model RCU's NMI entry and exit actions. */
rcu_nmi_enter();
assert((dynticks & 1) == 1);
rcu_nmi_exit();
/* Emulated re-entering base-level dynticks and not. */
if
:: !busy -> skip;
:: busy ->
atomic {
dynticks = dynticks + 1;
}
busy = 0;
fi;
/* We had better now be in dyntick-idle mode. */
assert((dynticks & 1) == 0);
od;
}
/*
* Nested NMI runs atomically to emulate interrupting base_level().
*/
proctype nested_NMI()
{
do
:: /*
* Use an atomic section to model a nested NMI. This is
* guaranteed to interleave into base_NMI() between a pair
* of base_NMI() statements, just as a nested NMI would.
*/
atomic {
/* Verify that we only sometimes are in dynticks. */
if
:: (dynticks & 1) == 0 -> skip;
:: (dynticks & 1) == 1 -> skip;
fi;
/* Model RCU's NMI entry and exit actions. */
rcu_nmi_enter();
assert((dynticks & 1) == 1);
rcu_nmi_exit();
}
od;
}
init {
run base_NMI();
run nested_NMI();
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following script can be used to run this model if placed in
rcu_nmi.spin:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
if ! spin -a rcu_nmi.spin
then
echo Spin errors!!!
exit 1
fi
if ! cc -DSAFETY -o pan pan.c
then
echo Compilation errors!!!
exit 1
fi
./pan -m100000
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
This commit affines rcu_tasks_kthread() to the housekeeping CPUs
in CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL builds. This is just a default, so systems
administrators are free to put this kthread somewhere else if they wish.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit 38706bc5a2 (rcutorture: Add callback-flood test) vmalloc()ed
a bunch of RCU callbacks, but failed to free them. This commit fixes
that oversight.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Add early boot self tests for RCU under CONFIG_PROVE_RCU.
Currently the only test is adding a dummy callback which increments a counter
which we then later verify after calling rcu_barrier*().
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The "cpu" argument to rcu_cleanup_after_idle() is always the current
CPU, so drop it. This moves the smp_processor_id() from the caller to
rcu_cleanup_after_idle(), saving argument-passing overhead. Again,
the anticipated cross-CPU uses of these functions has been replaced
by NO_HZ_FULL.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
The "cpu" argument to rcu_prepare_for_idle() is always the current
CPU, so drop it. This in turn allows two of the uses of "cpu" in
this function to be replaced with a this_cpu_ptr() and the third by
smp_processor_id(), replacing that of the call to rcu_prepare_for_idle().
Again, the anticipated cross-CPU uses of these functions has been replaced
by NO_HZ_FULL.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
The "cpu" argument to rcu_needs_cpu() is always the current CPU, so drop
it. This in turn allows the "cpu" argument to rcu_cpu_has_callbacks()
to be removed, which allows the uses of "cpu" in both functions to be
replaced with a this_cpu_ptr(). Again, the anticipated cross-CPU uses
of these functions has been replaced by NO_HZ_FULL.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
The "cpu" argument to rcu_note_context_switch() is always the current
CPU, so drop it. This in turn allows the "cpu" argument to
rcu_preempt_note_context_switch() to be removed, which allows the sole
use of "cpu" in both functions to be replaced with a this_cpu_ptr().
Again, the anticipated cross-CPU uses of these functions has been
replaced by NO_HZ_FULL.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Because rcu_preempt_check_callbacks()'s argument is guaranteed to
always be the current CPU, drop the argument and replace per_cpu()
with __this_cpu_read().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Because rcu_pending()'s argument is guaranteed to always be the current
CPU, drop the argument and replace per_cpu_ptr() with this_cpu_ptr().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
The "cpu" argument was kept around on the off-chance that RCU might
offload scheduler-clock interrupts. However, this offload approach
has been replaced by NO_HZ_FULL, which offloads -all- RCU processing
from qualifying CPUs. It is therefore time to remove the "cpu" argument
to rcu_check_callbacks(), which this commit does.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
The rcu_data per-CPU variable has a number of fields that are atomically
manipulated, potentially by any CPU. This situation can result in false
sharing with per-CPU variables that have the misfortune of being allocated
adjacent to rcu_data in memory. This commit therefore changes the
DEFINE_PER_CPU() to DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED() in order to avoid
this false sharing.
Reported-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
For some functions in kernel/rcu/tree* the rdtp parameter is always
this_cpu_ptr(rdtp). Remove the parameter if constant and calculate the
pointer in function.
This will have the advantage that it is obvious that the address are
all per cpu offsets and thus it will enable the use of this_cpu_ops in
the future.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
[ paulmck: Forward-ported to rcu/dev, whitespace adjustment. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Commit 35ce7f29a4 (rcu: Create rcuo kthreads only for onlined CPUs)
contains checks for the case where CPUs are brought online out of
order, re-wiring the rcuo leader-follower relationships as needed.
Unfortunately, this rewiring was broken. This apparently went undetected
due to the tendency of systems to bring CPUs online in order. This commit
nevertheless fixes the rewiring.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If a no-CBs CPU were to post an RCU callback with interrupts disabled
after it entered the idle loop for the last time, there might be no
deferred wakeup for the corresponding rcuo kthreads. This commit
therefore adds a set of calls to do_nocb_deferred_wakeup() after the
CPU has gone completely offline.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
PREEMPT_RCU and TREE_PREEMPT_RCU serve the same function after
TINY_PREEMPT_RCU has been removed. This patch removes TREE_PREEMPT_RCU
and uses PREEMPT_RCU config option in its place.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Rename CONFIG_RCU_BOOST_PRIO to CONFIG_RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO and use this
value for both the per-CPU kthreads (rcuc/N) and the rcu boosting
threads (rcub/n).
Also, create the module_parameter rcutree.kthread_prio to be used on
the kernel command line at boot to set a new value (rcutree.kthread_prio=N).
Signed-off-by: Clark Williams <clark.williams@gmail.com>
[ paulmck: Ported to rcu/dev, applied Paul Bolle and Peter Zijlstra feedback. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, synchronize_sched_expedited() sends IPIs to all online CPUs,
even those that are idle or executing in nohz_full= userspace. Because
idle CPUs and nohz_full= userspace CPUs are in extended quiescent states,
there is no need to IPI them in the first place. This commit therefore
avoids IPIing CPUs that are already in extended quiescent states.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
There are some RCU_BOOST-specific per-CPU variable declarations that
are needlessly defined under #ifdef in kernel/rcu/tree.c. This commit
therefore moves these declarations into a pre-existing #ifdef in
kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE Kconfig parameter causes preemptible
RCU's CPU stall warnings to dump out any preempted tasks that are blocking
the current RCU grace period. This information is useful, and the default
has been CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE=y for some years. It is therefore
time for this commit to remove this Kconfig parameter, so that future
kernel builds will always act as if CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE=y.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit 35ce7f29a4 (rcu: Create rcuo kthreads only for onlined CPUs)
avoids creating rcuo kthreads for CPUs that never come online. This
fixes a bug in many instances of firmware: Instead of lying about their
age, these systems instead lie about the number of CPUs that they have.
Before commit 35ce7f29a4, this could result in huge numbers of useless
rcuo kthreads being created.
It appears that experience indicates that I should have told the
people suffering from this problem to fix their broken firmware, but
I instead produced what turned out to be a partial fix. The missing
piece supplied by this commit makes sure that rcu_barrier() knows not to
post callbacks for no-CBs CPUs that have not yet come online, because
otherwise rcu_barrier() will hang on systems having firmware that lies
about the number of CPUs.
It is tempting to simply have rcu_barrier() refuse to post a callback on
any no-CBs CPU that does not have an rcuo kthread. This unfortunately
does not work because rcu_barrier() is required to wait for all pending
callbacks. It is therefore required to wait even for those callbacks
that cannot possibly be invoked. Even if doing so hangs the system.
Given that posting a callback to a no-CBs CPU that does not yet have an
rcuo kthread can hang rcu_barrier(), It is tempting to report an error
in this case. Unfortunately, this will result in false positives at
boot time, when it is perfectly legal to post callbacks to the boot CPU
before the scheduler has started, in other words, before it is legal
to invoke rcu_barrier().
So this commit instead has rcu_barrier() avoid posting callbacks to
CPUs having neither rcuo kthread nor pending callbacks, and has it
complain bitterly if it finds CPUs having no rcuo kthread but some
pending callbacks. And when rcu_barrier() does find CPUs having no rcuo
kthread but pending callbacks, as noted earlier, it has no choice but
to hang indefinitely.
Reported-by: Yanko Kaneti <yaneti@declera.com>
Reported-by: Jay Vosburgh <jay.vosburgh@canonical.com>
Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Reported-by: Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Tested-by: Jay Vosburgh <jay.vosburgh@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Yanko Kaneti <yaneti@declera.com>
Tested-by: Kevin Fenzi <kevin@scrye.com>
Tested-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Currently, the expedited grace-period primitives do get_online_cpus().
This greatly simplifies their implementation, but means that calls
to them holding locks that are acquired by CPU-hotplug notifiers (to
say nothing of calls to these primitives from CPU-hotplug notifiers)
can deadlock. But this is starting to become inconvenient, as can be
seen here: https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/8/5/754. The problem in this
case is that some developers need to acquire a mutex from a CPU-hotplug
notifier, but also need to hold it across a synchronize_rcu_expedited().
As noted above, this currently results in deadlock.
This commit avoids the deadlock and retains the simplicity by creating
a try_get_online_cpus(), which returns false if the get_online_cpus()
reference count could not immediately be incremented. If a call to
try_get_online_cpus() returns true, the expedited primitives operate as
before. If a call returns false, the expedited primitives fall back to
normal grace-period operations. This falling back of course results in
increased grace-period latency, but only during times when CPU hotplug
operations are actually in flight. The effect should therefore be
negligible during normal operation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Tested-by: Lan Tianyu <tianyu.lan@intel.com>
This commit changes rcutorture_runnable to torture_runnable, which is
consistent with the names of the other parameters and is a bit shorter
as well.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When performing module cleanups by calling torture_cleanup() the
'torture_type' string in nullified However, callers are not necessarily
done, and might still need to reference the variable. This impacts
both rcutorture and locktorture, causing printing things like:
[ 94.226618] (null)-torture: Stopping lock_torture_writer task
[ 94.226624] (null)-torture: Stopping lock_torture_stats task
Thus delay this operation until the very end of the cleanup process.
The consequence (which shouldn't matter for this kid of program) is,
of course, that we delay the window between rmmod and modprobing,
for instance in module_torture_begin().
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The NOCB follower wakeup ordering depends on the store to the tail
pointer happening before the wakeup. However, because atomic_long_add()
does not return a value, it does not provide ordering guarantees, and
the locking in wake_up() only guarantees that the store will happen
before the unlock, which might be too late. Even though this is only a
theoretical issue, this commit adds a smp_mb__after_atomic() after the
final atomic_long_add() to provide the needed ordering guarantee.
Reported-by: Amit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
If an RCU callback is queued on a no-CBs CPU from idle code with irqs
disabled, and if that CPU stays idle forever after, the callback will
never be invoked. This commit therefore adds a check for this situation
in ____call_rcu_nocb(), invoking the RCU core solely for the purpose
of the ensuing return-to-idle transition. (If the CPU doesn't return
to idle, the next scheduling-clock interrupt will fix things up.)
Reported-by: Amit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
The NOCB leader wakeup ordering depends on the store to the header
happening before the check for the leader already being awake. However,
because atomic_long_add() does not return a value, it does not provide
ordering guarantees, the incorrect comment in wake_nocb_leader()
notwithstanding. This commit therefore adds a smp_mb__after_atomic()
after the final atomic_long_add() to provide the needed ordering
guarantee.
Reported-by: Amit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
If there are no nohz_full= CPUs, then there is currently no reason to
track sysidle state. This commit therefore short-circuits this state
tracking if !tick_nohz_full_enabled().
Note that these checks will need to be revisited if nohz_full= state
can ever be changed at runtime.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Now that we have rcu_state_p, which references rcu_preempt_state for
TREE_PREEMPT_RCU and rcu_sched_state for TREE_RCU, we don't need a
separate rcu_sysidle_state variable. This commit therefore eliminates
rcu_preempt_state in favor of rcu_state_p.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
If we configure a kernel with CONFIG_NOCB_CPU=y, CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_NONE=y and
CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=n and do not pass in a rcu_nocb= boot parameter, the
cpumask rcu_nocb_mask can be garbage instead of NULL.
Hence this commit replaces checks for rcu_nocb_mask == NULL with a check for
have_rcu_nocb_mask.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
RCU currently uses for_each_possible_cpu() to spawn rcuo kthreads,
which can result in more rcuo kthreads than one would expect, for
example, derRichard reported 64 CPUs worth of rcuo kthreads on an
8-CPU image. This commit therefore creates rcuo kthreads only for
those CPUs that actually come online.
This was reported by derRichard on the OFTC IRC network.
Reported-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Currently, RCU spawns kthreads from several different early_initcall()
functions. Although this has served RCU well for quite some time,
as more kthreads are added a more deterministic approach is required.
This commit therefore causes all of RCU's early-boot kthreads to be
spawned from a single early_initcall() function.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Return false instead of 0 in rcu_nocb_adopt_orphan_cbs() as this has
bool as return type.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Return false instead of 0 in __call_rcu_nocb() as this has bool as
return type.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Return true/false in rcu_nocb_adopt_orphan_cbs() instead of 0/1 as
this function has return type of bool.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Return true/false instead of 0/1 in __call_rcu_nocb() as this returns a
bool type.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
This commit checks the return value of the zalloc_cpumask_var() used for
allocating cpumask for rcu_nocb_mask.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Commit b58cc46c5f (rcu: Don't offload callbacks unless specifically
requested) failed to adjust the callback lists of the CPUs that are
known to be no-CBs CPUs only because they are also nohz_full= CPUs.
This failure can result in callbacks that are posted during early boot
getting stranded on nxtlist for CPUs whose no-CBs property becomes
apparent late, and there can also be spurious warnings about offline
CPUs posting callbacks.
This commit fixes these problems by adding an early-boot rcu_init_nohz()
that properly initializes the no-CBs CPUs.
Note that kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL=y or with
CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=n do not exhibit this bug. Neither do kernels
booted without the nohz_full= boot parameter.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
The rcu_bh_qs(), rcu_preempt_qs(), and rcu_sched_qs() functions use
old-style per-CPU variable access and write to ->passed_quiesce even
if it is already set. This commit therefore updates to use the new-style
per-CPU variable access functions and avoids the spurious writes.
This commit also eliminates the "cpu" argument to these functions because
they are always invoked on the indicated CPU.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_preempt_note_context_switch() function is on a scheduling fast
path, so it would be good to avoid disabling irqs. The reason that irqs
are disabled is to synchronize process-level and irq-handler access to
the task_struct ->rcu_read_unlock_special bitmask. This commit therefore
makes ->rcu_read_unlock_special instead be a union of bools with a short
allowing single-access checks in RCU's __rcu_read_unlock(). This results
in the process-level and irq-handler accesses being simple loads and
stores, so that irqs need no longer be disabled. This commit therefore
removes the irq disabling from rcu_preempt_note_context_switch().
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The grace-period-wait loop in rcu_tasks_kthread() is under (unnecessary)
RCU protection, and therefore has no preemption points in a PREEMPT=n
kernel. This commit therefore removes the RCU protection and inserts
cond_resched().
Reported-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently TASKS_RCU would ignore a CPU running a task in nohz_full=
usermode execution. There would be neither a context switch nor a
scheduling-clock interrupt to tell TASKS_RCU that the task in question
had passed through a quiescent state. The grace period would therefore
extend indefinitely. This commit therefore makes RCU's dyntick-idle
subsystem record the task_struct structure of the task that is running
in dyntick-idle mode on each CPU. The TASKS_RCU grace period can
then access this information and record a quiescent state on
behalf of any CPU running in dyntick-idle usermode.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It is expected that many sites will have CONFIG_TASKS_RCU=y, but
will never actually invoke call_rcu_tasks(). For such sites, creating
rcu_tasks_kthread() at boot is wasteful. This commit therefore defers
creation of this kthread until the time of the first call_rcu_tasks().
This of course means that the first call_rcu_tasks() must be invoked
from process context after the scheduler is fully operational.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current RCU-tasks implementation uses strict polling to detect
callback arrivals. This works quite well, but is not so good for
energy efficiency. This commit therefore replaces the strict polling
with a wait queue.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a ten-minute RCU-tasks stall warning. The actual
time is controlled by the boot/sysfs parameter rcu_task_stall_timeout,
with values less than or equal to zero disabling the stall warnings.
The default value is ten minutes, which means that the tasks that have
not yet responded will get their stacks dumped every ten minutes, until
they pass through a voluntary context switch.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds torture tests for RCU-tasks. It also fixes a bug that
would segfault for an RCU flavor lacking a callback-barrier function.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit exports the RCU-tasks synchronous APIs,
synchronize_rcu_tasks() and rcu_barrier_tasks(), to
GPL-licensed kernel modules.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Once a task has passed exit_notify() in the do_exit() code path, it
is no longer on the task lists, and is therefore no longer visible
to rcu_tasks_kthread(). This means that an almost-exited task might
be preempted while within a trampoline, and this task won't be waited
on by rcu_tasks_kthread(). This commit fixes this bug by adding an
srcu_struct. An exiting task does srcu_read_lock() just before calling
exit_notify(), and does the corresponding srcu_read_unlock() after
doing the final preempt_disable(). This means that rcu_tasks_kthread()
can do synchronize_srcu() to wait for all mostly-exited tasks to reach
their final preempt_disable() region, and then use synchronize_sched()
to wait for those tasks to finish exiting.
Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It turns out to be easier to add the synchronous grace-period waiting
functions to RCU-tasks than to work around their absense in rcutorture,
so this commit adds them. The key point is that the existence of
call_rcu_tasks() means that rcutorture needs an rcu_barrier_tasks().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU-tasks requires the occasional voluntary context switch
from CPU-bound in-kernel tasks. In some cases, this requires
instrumenting cond_resched(). However, there is some reluctance
to countenance unconditionally instrumenting cond_resched() (see
http://lwn.net/Articles/603252/), so this commit creates a separate
cond_resched_rcu_qs() that may be used in place of cond_resched() in
locations prone to long-duration in-kernel looping.
This commit currently instruments only RCU-tasks. Future possibilities
include also instrumenting RCU, RCU-bh, and RCU-sched in order to reduce
IPI usage.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a new RCU-tasks flavor of RCU, which provides
call_rcu_tasks(). This RCU flavor's quiescent states are voluntary
context switch (not preemption!) and userspace execution (not the idle
loop -- use some sort of schedule_on_each_cpu() if you need to handle the
idle tasks. Note that unlike other RCU flavors, these quiescent states
occur in tasks, not necessarily CPUs. Includes fixes from Steven Rostedt.
This RCU flavor is assumed to have very infrequent latency-tolerant
updaters. This assumption permits significant simplifications, including
a single global callback list protected by a single global lock, along
with a single task-private linked list containing all tasks that have not
yet passed through a quiescent state. If experience shows this assumption
to be incorrect, the required additional complexity will be added.
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Although RCU is designed to handle arbitrary floods of callbacks, this
capability is not routinely tested. This commit therefore adds a
cbflood capability in which kthreads repeatedly registers large numbers
of callbacks. One such kthread is created for each four CPUs (rounding
up), and the test may be controlled by several cbflood_* kernel boot
parameters, which control the number of bursts per flood, the number
of callbacks per burst, the time between bursts, and the time between
floods. The default values are large enough to exercise RCU's emergency
responses to callback flooding.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
User pr_alert/pr_cont for printing the logs from rcutorture module directly
instead of writing it to a buffer and then printing it. This allows us from not
having to allocate such buffers. Also remove a resulting empty function.
I tested this using the parse-torture.sh script as follows:
$ dmesg | grep torture > log.txt
$ bash parse-torture.sh log.txt test
$
There were no warnings which means that parsing went fine.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit fixes the following sparse warning by marking boost_mutex
static:
kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:185:1: warning: symbol 'boost_mutex' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Currently, when RCU awakens from a wait_event_interruptible() that
might have awakened prematurely, it does a flush_signals(). This is
done on the off-chance that someone figured out how to deliver a signal
to a kthread, which is supposed to be impossible. Given that this
is supposed to be impossible, this commit changes the flush_signals()
calls into WARN_ON(signal_pending()).
Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_gp_kthread_wake() function checks for three conditions before
waking up grace period kthreads:
* Is the thread we are trying to wake up the current thread?
* Are the gp_flags zero? (all threads wait on non-zero gp_flags condition)
* Is there no thread created for this flavour, hence nothing to wake up?
If any one of these condition is true, we do not call wake_up().
It was found that there are quite a few avoidable wake ups both during
idle time and under stress induced by rcutorture.
Idle:
Total:66000, unnecessary:66000, case1:61827, case2:66000, case3:0
Total:68000, unnecessary:68000, case1:63696, case2:68000, case3:0
rcutorture:
Total:254000, unnecessary:254000, case1:199913, case2:254000, case3:0
Total:256000, unnecessary:256000, case1:201784, case2:256000, case3:0
Here case{1-3} are the cases listed above. We can avoid these wake
ups by using rcu_gp_kthread_wake() to conditionally wake up the grace
period kthreads.
There is a comment about an implied barrier supplied by the wake_up()
logic. This barrier is necessary for the awakened thread to see the
updated ->gp_flags. This flag is always being updated with the root node
lock held. Also, the awakened thread tries to acquire the root node lock
before reading ->gp_flags because of which there is proper ordering.
Hence this commit tries to avoid calling wake_up() whenever we can by
using rcu_gp_kthread_wake() function.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
CC: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_idle_enter_common() and rcu_idle_exit_common() functions contain
error checks that have to the best of my knowledge have never triggered
over the past several years. These are nevertheless valuable when
creating new architectures or doing other low-level changes, so the
checks should not be deleted. This commit instead places these checks
under #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE so that they are executed only when
specifically requested.
The savings are significant:
Before:
text data bss dec hex filename
1749 39 0 1788 6fc /tmp/b/kernel/rcu/tiny.o
632 152 0 784 310 /tmp/b/kernel/rcu/update.o
----
2572
After:
text data bss dec hex filename
1281 37 0 1318 526 /tmp/b/kernel/rcu/tiny.o
632 152 0 784 310 /tmp/b/kernel/rcu/update.o
----
2102
This amounts to 470 bytes, or 18% of the original.
Switched from #ifdef to IS_ENABLED() on Josh Triplett's advice.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Commit 96d3fd0d31 (rcu: Break call_rcu() deadlock involving scheduler
and perf) covered the case where __call_rcu_nocb_enqueue() needs to wake
the rcuo kthread due to the queue being initially empty, but did not
do anything for the case where the queue was overflowing. This commit
therefore also defers wakeup for the overflow case.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit removes a stale comment in rcu/tree.c which was left
out when some code was moved around previously in commit 2036d94a7b
("rcu: Rework detection of use of RCU by offline CPUs") For reference,
the following updated comment exists a few lines below this which means
the same:
/* Remove the outgoing CPU from the masks in the rcu_node hierarchy. */
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit updates the references to rcutree.c which is now rcu/tree.c
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit f7f7bac9cb ("rcu: Have the RCU tracepoints use the tracepoint_string
infrastructure") unconditionally populates the __tracepoint_str input section,
but this section is not assigned an output section if CONFIG_TRACING is not set.
This results in the __tracepoint_str turning up in unexpected places, i.e.,
after _edata.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit uninlines rcu_read_lock_held(). According to "size vmlinux"
this saves 28549 in .text:
- 5541731 3014560 14757888 23314179
+ 5513182 3026848 14757888 23297918
Note: it looks as if the data grows by 12288 bytes but this is not true,
it does not actually grow. But .data starts with ALIGN(THREAD_SIZE) and
since .text shrinks the padding grows, and thus .data grows too as it
seen by /bin/size. diff System.map:
- ffffffff81510000 D _sdata
- ffffffff81510000 D init_thread_union
+ ffffffff81509000 D _sdata
+ ffffffff8150c000 D init_thread_union
Perhaps we can change vmlinux.lds.S to .data itself, so that /bin/size
can't "wrongly" report that .data grows if .text shinks.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit uses true/false instead of 1/0 for bool types in rcu_gp_fqs()
and force_qs_rnp().
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Return a bool type instead of 0 in rcu_try_advance_all_cbs().
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Use a bool type for return in rcu_is_watching().
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Paul E. McKenney