Saves about 50KB of data.
Old/new size of all objects:
text data bss dec hex filename
563015 80096 130684 773795 bcea3 (TOTALS)
610916 32256 130632 773804 bceac (TOTALS)
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Kurt Van Dijck <kurt.van.dijck@eia.be> (for drivers/net/can/softing/softing_cs.c)
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Disk event code automatically blocks events on excl write. This is
primarily to avoid issuing polling commands while burning is in
progress. This behavior doesn't fit other types of devices with
removeable media where polling commands don't have adverse side
effects and door locking usually doesn't exist.
This patch introduces new genhd flag which controls the auto-blocking
behavior and uses it to enable auto-blocking only on optical devices.
Note for stable: 2.6.38 and later only
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
check_events() implementations in both ide-gd and ide-cd are
inadequate for in-kernel event polling. Both generate media change
events continuously when certain conditions are met causing infinite
event loop between the driver and userland event handler.
As disk event now supports suppression of unlisted events, simply
de-listing DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE from disk->events resolves the
problem. Internal handling around media revalidation will behave the
same while userland will fall back to userland event polling after
detecting the device doesn't support disk events.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Acked-by: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Just because we are not requeuing a request does not mean that
some aren't pending. So always issue a blk_delay_queue() if
either we are requeueing OR there's pending IO.
This fixes a boot problem for some IDE boxes.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
We see stalls if we don't always ensure that the queue gets run
again. Even if rq == NULL, we could have other pending requests
in the queue.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
The conversion to blk_delay_queue() missed parts of IDE.
Add a blk_delay_queue() to ensure that the request handler
gets reinvoked when it needs to.
Note that in all but one place the old plug re-run delay of
3 msecs is used, even though it probably could be shorter
for performance reasons in some of those cases.
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* 'for-2.6.39/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (65 commits)
Documentation/iostats.txt: bit-size reference etc.
cfq-iosched: removing unnecessary think time checking
cfq-iosched: Don't clear queue stats when preempt.
blk-throttle: Reset group slice when limits are changed
blk-cgroup: Only give unaccounted_time under debug
cfq-iosched: Don't set active queue in preempt
block: fix non-atomic access to genhd inflight structures
block: attempt to merge with existing requests on plug flush
block: NULL dereference on error path in __blkdev_get()
cfq-iosched: Don't update group weights when on service tree
fs: assign sb->s_bdi to default_backing_dev_info if the bdi is going away
block: Require subsystems to explicitly allocate bio_set integrity mempool
jbd2: finish conversion from WRITE_SYNC_PLUG to WRITE_SYNC and explicit plugging
jbd: finish conversion from WRITE_SYNC_PLUG to WRITE_SYNC and explicit plugging
fs: make fsync_buffers_list() plug
mm: make generic_writepages() use plugging
blk-cgroup: Add unaccounted time to timeslice_used.
block: fixup plugging stubs for !CONFIG_BLOCK
block: remove obsolete comments for blkdev_issue_zeroout.
blktrace: Use rq->cmd_flags directly in blk_add_trace_rq.
...
Fix up conflicts in fs/{aio.c,super.c}
Replace EXTRA_CFLAGS with ccflags-y.
Signed-off-by: matt mooney <mfm@muteddisk.com>
Acked-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Code has been converted over to the new explicit on-stack plugging,
and delay users have been converted to use the new API for that.
So lets kill off the old plugging along with aops->sync_page().
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
It was always abuse to reuse the plugging infrastructure for this,
convert it to the (new) real API for delaying queueing a bit.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Convert ->media_changed() to the new ->check_events() method. The
conversion is mostly mechanical. The only notable change is that
cdrom now doesn't generate any event if @slot_nr isn't CDSL_CURRENT.
It used to return -EINVAL which would be treated as media changed. As
media changer isn't supported anyway, this doesn't make any
difference.
This makes ide emit the standard disk events and allows kernel event
polling. Currently, only MEDIA_CHANGE event is implemented. Adding
support for EJECT_REQUEST shouldn't be difficult; however, given that
ide driver is already deprecated, it probably is best to leave it
alone.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
The meaning of CONFIG_EMBEDDED has long since been obsoleted; the option
is used to configure any non-standard kernel with a much larger scope than
only small devices.
This patch renames the option to CONFIG_EXPERT in init/Kconfig and fixes
references to the option throughout the kernel. A new CONFIG_EMBEDDED
option is added that automatically selects CONFIG_EXPERT when enabled and
can be used in the future to isolate options that should only be
considered for embedded systems (RISC architectures, SLOB, etc).
Calling the option "EXPERT" more accurately represents its intention: only
expert users who understand the impact of the configuration changes they
are making should enable it.
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: David Woodhouse <david.woodhouse@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Stanse found that rq in ide_floppy_callback cannot be NULL, because it
is dereferenced all around. So remove the superfluous check.
This appeared after blk_* macros removal.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
out_obj points to kfreed memory and we dereference that pointer in
DEBPRINT/printk.
Signed-off-by: Mariusz Kozlowski <mk@lab.zgora.pl>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
8f6205cd57 introduced a bug where a
timed out DMA request is never requeued and lost.
6072f7491f fixed this by making
ide_dma_timeout_retry() requeue the request itself. While the fix is
correct, it makes DMA and non-DMA paths asymmetric regarding how the
in flight request is requeued.
As long as hwif->rq is set, the IDE driver is assuming ownership of
the request and the request should either be completed or requeued
when clearing hwif->rq. In the timeout path, the ide driver holds
onto the request as long as the recovery action (ie. reset) is in
progress and clears it after the state machine is stopped (ide_stopped
return), so the existing requeueing logic is correct. The bug
occurred because ide_dma_timeout_retry() explicitly clears hwif->rq
without requeueing it.
ide_dma_timeout_retry() is called only by ide_timer_expiry() and
returns ide_started only when ide_error() would return it - ie. after
reset state machine has started in which case the state machine will
eventually end up executing the ide_stopped path in ide_timer_expiry()
after reset protocol is complete. So, there is no need to clear
hwif->rq from ide_dma_timeout_retry(). ide_timer_expiry() will handle
it the same way as PIO timeout path.
Kill hwif->rq clearing and requeueing from ide_dma_timeout_retry() and
let ide_timer_expiry() deal with it. The end result should remain the
same.
grepping shows ide_dma_timeout_retry() is the only site which clears
hwif->rq without taking care of the request, so there shouldn't be
similar fallouts.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
DPLL clock (0x21) should be used for writes and PCI clock (0x23) for reads,
not vice versa.
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Alan Cox reported that cable detection sometimes works unreliably
for HPT3xxN and that the issue is fixed by adding debounce delay
as used by the vendor drivers.
While at it, get rid of unneeded parens/space in the vicinity...
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'for-2.6.37/barrier' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (46 commits)
xen-blkfront: disable barrier/flush write support
Added blk-lib.c and blk-barrier.c was renamed to blk-flush.c
block: remove BLKDEV_IFL_WAIT
aic7xxx_old: removed unused 'req' variable
block: remove the BH_Eopnotsupp flag
block: remove the BLKDEV_IFL_BARRIER flag
block: remove the WRITE_BARRIER flag
swap: do not send discards as barriers
fat: do not send discards as barriers
ext4: do not send discards as barriers
jbd2: replace barriers with explicit flush / FUA usage
jbd2: Modify ASYNC_COMMIT code to not rely on queue draining on barrier
jbd: replace barriers with explicit flush / FUA usage
nilfs2: replace barriers with explicit flush / FUA usage
reiserfs: replace barriers with explicit flush / FUA usage
gfs2: replace barriers with explicit flush / FUA usage
btrfs: replace barriers with explicit flush / FUA usage
xfs: replace barriers with explicit flush / FUA usage
block: pass gfp_mask and flags to sb_issue_discard
dm: convey that all flushes are processed as empty
...
* 'llseek' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
vfs: make no_llseek the default
vfs: don't use BKL in default_llseek
llseek: automatically add .llseek fop
libfs: use generic_file_llseek for simple_attr
mac80211: disallow seeks in minstrel debug code
lirc: make chardev nonseekable
viotape: use noop_llseek
raw: use explicit llseek file operations
ibmasmfs: use generic_file_llseek
spufs: use llseek in all file operations
arm/omap: use generic_file_llseek in iommu_debug
lkdtm: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs
net/wireless: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs
drm: use noop_llseek
* 'trivial' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
block: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
drivers: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
ipmi: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
mac: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
mtd: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
scsi: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
Fix up trivial conflicts (due to addition of private mutex right next to
deletion of a version string) in drivers/char/pcmcia/cm40[04]0_cs.c
The patch below updates broken web addresses in the kernel
Signed-off-by: Justin P. Mattock <justinmattock@gmail.com>
Cc: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Finn Thain <fthain@telegraphics.com.au>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Dimitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@cs.stanford.edu>
Acked-by: Hans J. Koch <hjk@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Finn Thain <fthain@telegraphics.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
All file_operations should get a .llseek operation so we can make
nonseekable_open the default for future file operations without a
.llseek pointer.
The three cases that we can automatically detect are no_llseek, seq_lseek
and default_llseek. For cases where we can we can automatically prove that
the file offset is always ignored, we use noop_llseek, which maintains
the current behavior of not returning an error from a seek.
New drivers should normally not use noop_llseek but instead use no_llseek
and call nonseekable_open at open time. Existing drivers can be converted
to do the same when the maintainer knows for certain that no user code
relies on calling seek on the device file.
The generated code is often incorrectly indented and right now contains
comments that clarify for each added line why a specific variant was
chosen. In the version that gets submitted upstream, the comments will
be gone and I will manually fix the indentation, because there does not
seem to be a way to do that using coccinelle.
Some amount of new code is currently sitting in linux-next that should get
the same modifications, which I will do at the end of the merge window.
Many thanks to Julia Lawall for helping me learn to write a semantic
patch that does all this.
===== begin semantic patch =====
// This adds an llseek= method to all file operations,
// as a preparation for making no_llseek the default.
//
// The rules are
// - use no_llseek explicitly if we do nonseekable_open
// - use seq_lseek for sequential files
// - use default_llseek if we know we access f_pos
// - use noop_llseek if we know we don't access f_pos,
// but we still want to allow users to call lseek
//
@ open1 exists @
identifier nested_open;
@@
nested_open(...)
{
<+...
nonseekable_open(...)
...+>
}
@ open exists@
identifier open_f;
identifier i, f;
identifier open1.nested_open;
@@
int open_f(struct inode *i, struct file *f)
{
<+...
(
nonseekable_open(...)
|
nested_open(...)
)
...+>
}
@ read disable optional_qualifier exists @
identifier read_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
expression E;
identifier func;
@@
ssize_t read_f(struct file *f, char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
<+...
(
*off = E
|
*off += E
|
func(..., off, ...)
|
E = *off
)
...+>
}
@ read_no_fpos disable optional_qualifier exists @
identifier read_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
@@
ssize_t read_f(struct file *f, char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
... when != off
}
@ write @
identifier write_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
expression E;
identifier func;
@@
ssize_t write_f(struct file *f, const char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
<+...
(
*off = E
|
*off += E
|
func(..., off, ...)
|
E = *off
)
...+>
}
@ write_no_fpos @
identifier write_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
@@
ssize_t write_f(struct file *f, const char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
... when != off
}
@ fops0 @
identifier fops;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
};
@ has_llseek depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier llseek_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.llseek = llseek_f,
...
};
@ has_read depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.read = read_f,
...
};
@ has_write depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.write = write_f,
...
};
@ has_open depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier open_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.open = open_f,
...
};
// use no_llseek if we call nonseekable_open
////////////////////////////////////////////
@ nonseekable1 depends on !has_llseek && has_open @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier nso ~= "nonseekable_open";
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .open = nso, ...
+.llseek = no_llseek, /* nonseekable */
};
@ nonseekable2 depends on !has_llseek @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier open.open_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .open = open_f, ...
+.llseek = no_llseek, /* open uses nonseekable */
};
// use seq_lseek for sequential files
/////////////////////////////////////
@ seq depends on !has_llseek @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier sr ~= "seq_read";
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = sr, ...
+.llseek = seq_lseek, /* we have seq_read */
};
// use default_llseek if there is a readdir
///////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops1 depends on !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier readdir_e;
@@
// any other fop is used that changes pos
struct file_operations fops = {
... .readdir = readdir_e, ...
+.llseek = default_llseek, /* readdir is present */
};
// use default_llseek if at least one of read/write touches f_pos
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops2 depends on !fops1 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read.read_f;
@@
// read fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = read_f, ...
+.llseek = default_llseek, /* read accesses f_pos */
};
@ fops3 depends on !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write.write_f;
@@
// write fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
... .write = write_f, ...
+ .llseek = default_llseek, /* write accesses f_pos */
};
// Use noop_llseek if neither read nor write accesses f_pos
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops4 depends on !fops1 && !fops2 && !fops3 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_no_fpos.read_f;
identifier write_no_fpos.write_f;
@@
// write fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.write = write_f,
.read = read_f,
...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* read and write both use no f_pos */
};
@ depends on has_write && !has_read && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write_no_fpos.write_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .write = write_f, ...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* write uses no f_pos */
};
@ depends on has_read && !has_write && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_no_fpos.read_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = read_f, ...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* read uses no f_pos */
};
@ depends on !has_read && !has_write && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* no read or write fn */
};
===== End semantic patch =====
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
The block device drivers have all gained new lock_kernel
calls from a recent pushdown, and some of the drivers
were already using the BKL before.
This turns the BKL into a set of per-driver mutexes.
Still need to check whether this is safe to do.
file=$1
name=$2
if grep -q lock_kernel ${file} ; then
if grep -q 'include.*linux.mutex.h' ${file} ; then
sed -i '/include.*<linux\/smp_lock.h>/d' ${file}
else
sed -i 's/include.*<linux\/smp_lock.h>.*$/include <linux\/mutex.h>/g' ${file}
fi
sed -i ${file} \
-e "/^#include.*linux.mutex.h/,$ {
1,/^\(static\|int\|long\)/ {
/^\(static\|int\|long\)/istatic DEFINE_MUTEX(${name}_mutex);
} }" \
-e "s/\(un\)*lock_kernel\>[ ]*()/mutex_\1lock(\&${name}_mutex)/g" \
-e '/[ ]*cycle_kernel_lock();/d'
else
sed -i -e '/include.*\<smp_lock.h\>/d' ${file} \
-e '/cycle_kernel_lock()/d'
fi
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
What's worse than no comment? A wrong comment.
Several PCMCIA device drivers contained the same comments, which
were based on how the PCMCIA subsystem worked in the old days of 2.4.,
and which were originally part of a "dummy_cs" driver. These comments
no longer matched at all what is happening now, and therefore should
be removed.
Tested-by: Wolfram Sang <w.sang@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
We must ensure that ide_proc_port_register_devices() occurs on an
interface before ide_proc_register_driver() executes for that
interfaces drives.
Therefore defer the registry of the driver device objects backed by
ide_bus_type until after ide_proc_port_register_devices() has run
and thus all of the drive->proc procfs directory pointers have been
setup.
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <w.sang@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Barrier is deemed too heavy and will soon be replaced by FLUSH/FUA
requests. Deprecate barrier. All REQ_HARDBARRIERs are failed with
-EOPNOTSUPP and blk_queue_ordered() is replaced with simpler
blk_queue_flush().
blk_queue_flush() takes combinations of REQ_FLUSH and FUA. If a
device has write cache and can flush it, it should set REQ_FLUSH. If
the device can handle FUA writes, it should also set REQ_FUA.
All blk_queue_ordered() users are converted.
* ORDERED_DRAIN is mapped to 0 which is the default value.
* ORDERED_DRAIN_FLUSH is mapped to REQ_FLUSH.
* ORDERED_DRAIN_FLUSH_FUA is mapped to REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Cc: Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx>
Cc: Stefan Weinhuber <wein@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Unplugging from a request function doesn't really help much (it's
already in the request_fn) and soon block layer will be updated to mix
barrier sequence with other commands, so there's no need to treat
queue flushing any differently.
ide was the only user of blk_queue_flushing(). Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
It has the additional benefit of typechecking (in this case, an unsigned int).
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Reviewed-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
* 'for-2.6.36' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (149 commits)
block: make sure that REQ_* types are seen even with CONFIG_BLOCK=n
xen-blkfront: fix missing out label
blkdev: fix blkdev_issue_zeroout return value
block: update request stacking methods to support discards
block: fix missing export of blk_types.h
writeback: fix bad _bh spinlock nesting
drbd: revert "delay probes", feature is being re-implemented differently
drbd: Initialize all members of sync_conf to their defaults [Bugz 315]
drbd: Disable delay probes for the upcomming release
writeback: cleanup bdi_register
writeback: add new tracepoints
writeback: remove unnecessary init_timer call
writeback: optimize periodic bdi thread wakeups
writeback: prevent unnecessary bdi threads wakeups
writeback: move bdi threads exiting logic to the forker thread
writeback: restructure bdi forker loop a little
writeback: move last_active to bdi
writeback: do not remove bdi from bdi_list
writeback: simplify bdi code a little
writeback: do not lose wake-ups in bdi threads
...
Fixed up pretty trivial conflicts in drivers/block/virtio_blk.c and
drivers/scsi/scsi_error.c as per Jens.
This fixes a warning ("comparison of distinct pointer types lacks a
cast") introduced by the commit
040f6b4f14 ("tx493xide: use ->pio_mode
value to determine pair device speed").
Signed-off-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Use memdup_user when user data is immediately copied into the
allocated region.
The semantic patch that makes this change is as follows:
(http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/)
// <smpl>
@@
expression from,to,size,flag;
position p;
identifier l1,l2;
@@
- to = \(kmalloc@p\|kzalloc@p\)(size,flag);
+ to = memdup_user(from,size);
if (
- to==NULL
+ IS_ERR(to)
|| ...) {
<+... when != goto l1;
- -ENOMEM
+ PTR_ERR(to)
...+>
}
- if (copy_from_user(to, from, size) != 0) {
- <+... when != goto l2;
- -EFAULT
- ...+>
- }
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Without this fix, init of the via82cxxx driver causes a oops with a
stack resembling the one below, and the boot blocks between init of
USB devices and launch of init (was easy to bisect by booting with
init=/bin/sh).
Pid: 279, comm: work_for_cpu Not tainted 2.6.34.1-00003-ga42ea77 #2
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff81045691>] ? warn_slowpath_common+0x76/0x8c
[<ffffffff810456f9>] ? warn_slowpath_fmt+0x40/0x45
[<ffffffff812eb5a1>] ? printk+0x40/0x47
[<ffffffff8108e1fd>] ? enable_irq+0x3e/0x64
[<ffffffffa0003900>] ? ide_probe_port+0x55c/0x589 [ide_core]
[<ffffffffa0003f22>] ? ide_host_register+0x273/0x628 [ide_core]
[<ffffffffa00083e3>] ? ide_pci_init_two+0x4da/0x5c5 [ide_core]
[<ffffffff8106117e>] ? up+0xe/0x36
[<ffffffff81045d7e>] ? release_console_sem+0x17e/0x1ae
[<ffffffff812d945b>] ? klist_iter_exit+0x14/0x1e
[<ffffffff8120ed23>] ? bus_find_device+0x75/0x83
[<ffffffffa0022832>] ? via_init_one+0x269/0x28a [via82cxxx]
[<ffffffffa00223a2>] ? init_chipset_via82cxxx+0x0/0x1ea [via82cxxx]
[<ffffffff81059f25>] ? do_work_for_cpu+0x0/0x1b
[<ffffffff81190c65>] ? local_pci_probe+0x12/0x16
[<ffffffff81059f30>] ? do_work_for_cpu+0xb/0x1b
[<ffffffff8105d0dd>] ? kthread+0x75/0x7d
[<ffffffff810097e4>] ? kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10
[<ffffffff8105d068>] ? kthread+0x0/0x7d
[<ffffffff810097e0>] ? kernel_thread_helper+0x0/0x10
---[ end trace 89c8cb70379b5bda ]---
The typo was introduced in a354ae8747,
and affects 2.6.33-rc4 and later.
Signed-off-by: Yann Dirson <ydirson@altern.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
ide_cd_error_cmd() can complete an erroneous request with leftover
buffers. Signal this with its return value so that the request is not
accessed after its completion in the irq handler and we oops.
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # 32.x 33.x 34.x
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The open and release block_device_operations are currently
called with the BKL held. In order to change that, we must
first make sure that all drivers that currently rely
on this have no regressions.
This blindly pushes the BKL into all .open and .release
operations for all block drivers to prepare for the
next step. The drivers can subsequently replace the BKL
with their own locks or remove it completely when it can
be shown that it is not needed.
The functions blkdev_get and blkdev_put are the only
remaining users of the big kernel lock in the block
layer, besides a few uses in the ioctl code, none
of which need to serialize with blkdev_{get,put}.
Most of these two functions is also under the protection
of bdev->bd_mutex, including the actual calls to
->open and ->release, and the common code does not
access any global data structures that need the BKL.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
As a preparation for the removal of the big kernel
lock in the block layer, this removes the BKL
from the common ioctl handling code, moving it
into every single driver still using it.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
use REQ_FLUSH flag instead.
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Remove the current bio flags and reuse the request flags for the bio, too.
This allows to more easily trace the type of I/O from the filesystem
down to the block driver. There were two flags in the bio that were
missing in the requests: BIO_RW_UNPLUG and BIO_RW_AHEAD. Also I've
renamed two request flags that had a superflous RW in them.
Note that the flags are in bio.h despite having the REQ_ name - as
blkdev.h includes bio.h that is the only way to go for now.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Remove all the trivial wrappers for the cmd_type and cmd_flags fields in
struct requests. This allows much easier grepping for different request
types instead of unwinding through macros.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brodo/pcmcia-2.6:
pcmcia: avoid buffer overflow in pcmcia_setup_isa_irq
pcmcia: do not request windows if you don't need to
pcmcia: insert PCMCIA device resources into resource tree
pcmcia: export resource information to sysfs
pcmcia: use struct resource for PCMCIA devices, part 2
pcmcia: remove memreq_t
pcmcia: move local definitions out of include/pcmcia/cs.h
pcmcia: do not use io_req_t when calling pcmcia_request_io()
pcmcia: do not use io_req_t after call to pcmcia_request_io()
pcmcia: use struct resource for PCMCIA devices
pcmcia: clean up cs.h
pcmcia: use pcmica_{read,write}_config_byte
pcmcia: remove cs_types.h
pcmcia: remove unused flag, simplify headers
pcmcia: remove obsolete CS_EVENT_ definitions
pcmcia: split up central event handler
pcmcia: simplify event callback
pcmcia: remove obsolete ioctl
Conflicts in:
- drivers/staging/comedi/drivers/*
- drivers/staging/wlags49_h2/wl_cs.c
due to dev_info_t and whitespace changes
Grant patches added an of mach table to struct device_driver. However,
while he changed the macio device code to use that, he left the match
table pointer in struct macio_driver and didn't update drivers to use
the "new" one, thus breaking the probing.
This completes the change by moving all drivers to setup the "new"
one, removing all traces of the old one, and while at it (since it
changes the exact same locations), I also remove two other duplicates
from struct driver which are the name and owner fields.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/ide-2.6:
cmd640: fix kernel oops in test_irq() method
pdc202xx_old: ignore "FIFO empty" bit in test_irq() method
pdc202xx_old: wire test_irq() method for PDC2026x
IDE: pass IRQ flags to the IDE core
ide: fix comment typo in ide.h
Merging in current state of Linus' tree to deal with merge conflicts and
build failures in vio.c after merge.
Conflicts:
drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-cpm.c
drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-mpc.c
drivers/net/gianfar.c
Also fixed up one line in arch/powerpc/kernel/vio.c to use the
correct node pointer.
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
bdops->set_capacity() is unnecessarily generic. All that's required
is a simple one way notification to lower level driver telling it to
try to unlock native capacity. There's no reason to pass in target
capacity or return the new capacity. The former is always the
inherent native capacity and the latter can be handled via the usual
device resize / revalidation path. In fact, the current API is always
used that way.
Replace ->set_capacity() with ->unlock_native_capacity() which take
only @disk and doesn't return anything. IDE which is the only current
user of the API is converted accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
The following structure elements duplicate the information in
'struct device.of_node' and so are being eliminated. This patch
makes all readers of these elements use device.of_node instead.
(struct of_device *)->node
(struct dev_archdata *)->prom_node (sparc)
(struct dev_archdata *)->of_node (powerpc & microblaze)
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
When implementing the test_iqr() method, I forgot that this driver is not an
ordinary PCI driver and also needs to support VLB variant of the chip. Moreover,
'hwif->dev' should be NULL, potentially causing oops in pci_read_config_byte().
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
As a second step, remove any usage of dev_node_t from drivers which
only wrote to this typedef/struct, except one printk() which can
easily be replaced by a dev_info()/dev_warn() call.
CC: Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
CC: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
CC: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
CC: netdev@vger.kernel.org
CC: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Karsten Keil <isdn@linux-pingi.de>
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Instead of the old pcmcia_request_irq() interface, drivers may now
choose between:
- calling request_irq/free_irq directly. Use the IRQ from *p_dev->irq.
- use pcmcia_request_irq(p_dev, handler_t); the PCMCIA core will
clean up automatically on calls to pcmcia_disable_device() or
device ejection.
- drivers still not capable of IRQF_SHARED (or not telling us so) may
use the deprecated pcmcia_request_exclusive_irq() for the time
being; they might receive a shared IRQ nonetheless.
CC: linux-bluetooth@vger.kernel.org
CC: netdev@vger.kernel.org
CC: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
CC: linux-serial@vger.kernel.org
CC: alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
CC: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
CC: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
This patch fixes the bad hashes for one Kingston and one Transcend card.
Thanks to komuro for pointing this out.
Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Ericson <kristoffer.ericson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
The driver takes into account not only the interrupt status bit but
also "FIFO empty" bit in its test_irq() method. This actually is a
superfluous check since for the DMA commands calling the
dma_test_irq() method further in the interrupt handler makes sure FIFO
is emptied.
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
In the commit e0321fbe6d (pdc202xx_old:
implement test_irq() method (take 2)) I forgot to modify
'pdc2026x_port_ops'... :-/
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds idstrings for Kingston 1GB/4GB and Transcend 4GB/8GB.
Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Ericson <kristoffer.ericson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
This enables shared IRQs and other features to be used with platform devices
Signed-off-by: Yegor Yefremov <yegorslists@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/ide-2.6:
ide: Fix IDE taskfile with cfq scheduler
ide: Must hold queue lock when requeueing
ide: Requeue request after DMA timeout
When ide taskfile access is being used (for example with hdparm --security
commands) and cfq scheduler is selected, the scheduler crashes on BUG in
cfq_put_request.
The reason is that the cfq scheduler is tracking counts of read and write
requests separately; the ide-taskfile subsystem allocates a read request and
then flips the flag to make it a write request. The counters in cfq will
mismatch.
This patch changes ide-taskfile to allocate the READ or WRITE request as
required and don't change the flag later.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
ide-atapi requeues requests without holding the queue lock.
This patch fixes it by using ide_requeue_and_plug.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
I noticed that my KVM virtual machines were experiencing IDE
issues resulting in processes stuck on waiting for buffers to
complete.
The root cause is of course race conditions in the ancient qemu
backend that I'm using. However, the fact that the guest isn't
recovering is a bug.
I've tracked it down to the change made last year to dequeue
requests at the start rather than at the end in the IDE layer.
commit 8f6205cd57
Author: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Date: Fri May 8 11:53:59 2009 +0900
ide: dequeue in-flight request
The problem is that the function ide_dma_timeout_retry does not
requeue the current request, causing one request to be lost for
each DMA timeout.
This patch fixes this by requeueing the request.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
This reverts commit a20b2a44ec.
As requested by David Fries. This makes CDROMs which are slave drives
on a ribbon without a master disappear and causes other similar kinds
of badness.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/ide-next-2.6: (49 commits)
drivers/ide: Fix continuation line formats
ide: fixed section mismatch warning in cmd640.c
ide: ide_timing_compute() fixup
ide: make ide_get_best_pio_mode() static
via82cxxx: use ->pio_mode value to determine pair device speed
tx493xide: use ->pio_mode value to determine pair device speed
siimage: use ->pio_mode value to determine pair device speed
palm_bk3710: use ->pio_mode value to determine pair device speed
it821x: use ->pio_mode value to determine pair device speed
cs5536: use ->pio_mode value to determine pair device speed
cs5535: use ->pio_mode value to determine pair device speed
cmd64x: fix handling of address setup timings
amd74xx: use ->pio_mode value to determine pair device speed
alim15x3: fix handling of UDMA enable bit
alim15x3: fix handling of DMA timings
alim15x3: fix handling of command timings
alim15x3: fix handling of address setup timings
ide-timings: use ->pio_mode value to determine fastest PIO speed
ide: change ->set_dma_mode method parameters
ide: change ->set_pio_mode method parameters
...
* 'acpica' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-acpi-2.6:
ACPI: replace acpi_integer by u64
ACPICA: Update version to 20100121.
ACPICA: Remove unused uint32_struct type
ACPICA: Disassembler: Remove obsolete "Integer64" field in parse object
ACPICA: Remove obsolete ACPI_INTEGER (acpi_integer) type
ACPICA: Predefined name repair: fix NULL package elements
ACPICA: AcpiGetDevices: Eliminate unnecessary _STA calls
ACPICA: Update all ACPICA copyrights and signons to 2010
ACPICA: Update for new gcc-4 warning options
* 'for-2.6.34' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (38 commits)
block: don't access jiffies when initialising io_context
cfq: remove 8 bytes of padding from cfq_rb_root on 64 bit builds
block: fix for "Consolidate phys_segment and hw_segment limits"
cfq-iosched: quantum check tweak
blktrace: perform cleanup after setup error
blkdev: fix merge_bvec_fn return value checks
cfq-iosched: requests "in flight" vs "in driver" clarification
cciss: Fix problem with scatter gather elements in the scsi half of the driver
cciss: eliminate unnecessary pointer use in cciss scsi code
cciss: do not use void pointer for scsi hba data
cciss: factor out scatter gather chain block mapping code
cciss: fix scatter gather chain block dma direction kludge
cciss: simplify scatter gather code
cciss: factor out scatter gather chain block allocation and freeing
cciss: detect bad alignment of scsi commands at build time
cciss: clarify command list padding calculation
cfq-iosched: rethink seeky detection for SSDs
cfq-iosched: rework seeky detection
block: remove padding from io_context on 64bit builds
block: Consolidate phys_segment and hw_segment limits
...
DMA can only be done from physical addresses; move the "virt_to_phys"
source/destination buffer address translation from the dbdma queueing
functions (since the hardware can only DMA to/from physical addresses)
to their respective users.
Signed-off-by: Manuel Lauss <manuel.lauss@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Remove dbdma compat macros, move remaining users over to default
queueing functions and -flags.
(Queueing function signature has changed in order to give
a build failure instead of silent functional changes due
to the no longer implicitly specified DDMA_FLAGS_IE flag)
Signed-off-by: Manuel Lauss <manuel.lauss@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Except for SCSI no device drivers distinguish between physical and
hardware segment limits. Consolidate the two into a single segment
limit.
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
The block layer calling convention is blk_queue_<limit name>.
blk_queue_max_sectors predates this practice, leading to some confusion.
Rename the function to appropriately reflect that its intended use is to
set max_hw_sectors.
Also introduce a temporary wrapper for backwards compability. This can
be removed after the merge window is closed.
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
String constants that are continued on subsequent lines with \
are not good.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
acpi_integer is now obsolete and removed from the ACPICA code base,
replaced by u64.
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
XFER_SW_DMA_0 mode should be excluded from the extended cycle
timing computations.
[ This is just a documentation fix -- code inside the affected
'if' block already makes sure to accept only PIO modes. ]
Noticed-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Use the current PIO mode value instead of the current transfer speed
of the pair device on the port to determine PIO commmand timings used
for both devices on the port.
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Use the current PIO mode value instead of the physical maximum one
of the pair device on the port to determine PIO commmand timings used
for both devices on the port.
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Use the current PIO mode value instead of the physical maximum one
of the pair device on the port to determine PIO commmand timings used
for both devices on the port.
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Use the current PIO mode value instead of the physical maximum one
of the pair device on the port to determine PIO commmand timings used
for both devices on the port.
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Joe Perches