THP defrag is enabled by default to direct reclaim/compact but not wake
kswapd in the event of a THP allocation failure. The problem is that
THP allocation requests potentially enter reclaim/compaction. This
potentially incurs a severe stall that is not guaranteed to be offset by
reduced TLB misses. While there has been considerable effort to reduce
the impact of reclaim/compaction, it is still a high cost and workloads
that should fit in memory fail to do so. Specifically, a simple
anon/file streaming workload will enter direct reclaim on NUMA at least
even though the working set size is 80% of RAM. It's been years and
it's time to throw in the towel.
First, this patch defines THP defrag as follows;
madvise: A failed allocation will direct reclaim/compact if the application requests it
never: Neither reclaim/compact nor wake kswapd
defer: A failed allocation will wake kswapd/kcompactd
always: A failed allocation will direct reclaim/compact (historical behaviour)
khugepaged defrag will enter direct/reclaim but not wake kswapd.
Next it sets the default defrag option to be "madvise" to only enter
direct reclaim/compaction for applications that specifically requested
it.
Lastly, it removes a check from the page allocator slowpath that is
related to __GFP_THISNODE to allow "defer" to work. The callers that
really cares are slub/slab and they are updated accordingly. The slab
one may be surprising because it also corrects a comment as kswapd was
never woken up by that path.
This means that a THP fault will no longer stall for most applications
by default and the ideal for most users that get THP if they are
immediately available. There are still options for users that prefer a
stall at startup of a new application by either restoring historical
behaviour with "always" or pick a half-way point with "defer" where
kswapd does some of the work in the background and wakes kcompactd if
necessary. THP defrag for khugepaged remains enabled and will enter
direct/reclaim but no wakeup kswapd or kcompactd.
After this patch a THP allocation failure will quickly fallback and rely
on khugepaged to recover the situation at some time in the future. In
some cases, this will reduce THP usage but the benefit of THP is hard to
measure and not a universal win where as a stall to reclaim/compaction
is definitely measurable and can be painful.
The first test for this is using "usemem" to read a large file and write
a large anonymous mapping (to avoid the zero page) multiple times. The
total size of the mappings is 80% of RAM and the benchmark simply
measures how long it takes to complete. It uses multiple threads to see
if that is a factor. On UMA, the performance is almost identical so is
not reported but on NUMA, we see this
usemem
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3
Amean System-1 102.86 ( 0.00%) 46.81 ( 54.50%)
Amean System-4 37.85 ( 0.00%) 34.02 ( 10.12%)
Amean System-7 48.12 ( 0.00%) 46.89 ( 2.56%)
Amean System-12 51.98 ( 0.00%) 56.96 ( -9.57%)
Amean System-21 80.16 ( 0.00%) 79.05 ( 1.39%)
Amean System-30 110.71 ( 0.00%) 107.17 ( 3.20%)
Amean System-48 127.98 ( 0.00%) 124.83 ( 2.46%)
Amean Elapsd-1 185.84 ( 0.00%) 105.51 ( 43.23%)
Amean Elapsd-4 26.19 ( 0.00%) 25.58 ( 2.33%)
Amean Elapsd-7 21.65 ( 0.00%) 21.62 ( 0.16%)
Amean Elapsd-12 18.58 ( 0.00%) 17.94 ( 3.43%)
Amean Elapsd-21 17.53 ( 0.00%) 16.60 ( 5.33%)
Amean Elapsd-30 17.45 ( 0.00%) 17.13 ( 1.84%)
Amean Elapsd-48 15.40 ( 0.00%) 15.27 ( 0.82%)
For a single thread, the benchmark completes 43.23% faster with this
patch applied with smaller benefits as the thread increases. Similar,
notice the large reduction in most cases in system CPU usage. The
overall CPU time is
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3
User 10357.65 10438.33
System 3988.88 3543.94
Elapsed 2203.01 1634.41
Which is substantial. Now, the reclaim figures
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1nodefrag-v1r3
Minor Faults 128458477 278352931
Major Faults 2174976 225
Swap Ins 16904701 0
Swap Outs 17359627 0
Allocation stalls 43611 0
DMA allocs 0 0
DMA32 allocs 19832646 19448017
Normal allocs 614488453 580941839
Movable allocs 0 0
Direct pages scanned 24163800 0
Kswapd pages scanned 0 0
Kswapd pages reclaimed 0 0
Direct pages reclaimed 20691346 0
Compaction stalls 42263 0
Compaction success 938 0
Compaction failures 41325 0
This patch eliminates almost all swapping and direct reclaim activity.
There is still overhead but it's from NUMA balancing which does not
identify that it's pointless trying to do anything with this workload.
I also tried the thpscale benchmark which forces a corner case where
compaction can be used heavily and measures the latency of whether base
or huge pages were used
thpscale Fault Latencies
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3
Amean fault-base-1 5288.84 ( 0.00%) 2817.12 ( 46.73%)
Amean fault-base-3 6365.53 ( 0.00%) 3499.11 ( 45.03%)
Amean fault-base-5 6526.19 ( 0.00%) 4363.06 ( 33.15%)
Amean fault-base-7 7142.25 ( 0.00%) 4858.08 ( 31.98%)
Amean fault-base-12 13827.64 ( 0.00%) 10292.11 ( 25.57%)
Amean fault-base-18 18235.07 ( 0.00%) 13788.84 ( 24.38%)
Amean fault-base-24 21597.80 ( 0.00%) 24388.03 (-12.92%)
Amean fault-base-30 26754.15 ( 0.00%) 19700.55 ( 26.36%)
Amean fault-base-32 26784.94 ( 0.00%) 19513.57 ( 27.15%)
Amean fault-huge-1 4223.96 ( 0.00%) 2178.57 ( 48.42%)
Amean fault-huge-3 2194.77 ( 0.00%) 2149.74 ( 2.05%)
Amean fault-huge-5 2569.60 ( 0.00%) 2346.95 ( 8.66%)
Amean fault-huge-7 3612.69 ( 0.00%) 2997.70 ( 17.02%)
Amean fault-huge-12 3301.75 ( 0.00%) 6727.02 (-103.74%)
Amean fault-huge-18 6696.47 ( 0.00%) 6685.72 ( 0.16%)
Amean fault-huge-24 8000.72 ( 0.00%) 9311.43 (-16.38%)
Amean fault-huge-30 13305.55 ( 0.00%) 9750.45 ( 26.72%)
Amean fault-huge-32 9981.71 ( 0.00%) 10316.06 ( -3.35%)
The average time to fault pages is substantially reduced in the majority
of caseds but with the obvious caveat that fewer THPs are actually used
in this adverse workload
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3
Percentage huge-1 0.71 ( 0.00%) 14.04 (1865.22%)
Percentage huge-3 10.77 ( 0.00%) 33.05 (206.85%)
Percentage huge-5 60.39 ( 0.00%) 38.51 (-36.23%)
Percentage huge-7 45.97 ( 0.00%) 34.57 (-24.79%)
Percentage huge-12 68.12 ( 0.00%) 40.07 (-41.17%)
Percentage huge-18 64.93 ( 0.00%) 47.82 (-26.35%)
Percentage huge-24 62.69 ( 0.00%) 44.23 (-29.44%)
Percentage huge-30 43.49 ( 0.00%) 55.38 ( 27.34%)
Percentage huge-32 50.72 ( 0.00%) 51.90 ( 2.35%)
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1nodefrag-v1r3
Minor Faults 37429143 47564000
Major Faults 1916 1558
Swap Ins 1466 1079
Swap Outs 2936863 149626
Allocation stalls 62510 3
DMA allocs 0 0
DMA32 allocs 6566458 6401314
Normal allocs 216361697 216538171
Movable allocs 0 0
Direct pages scanned 25977580 17998
Kswapd pages scanned 0 3638931
Kswapd pages reclaimed 0 207236
Direct pages reclaimed 8833714 88
Compaction stalls 103349 5
Compaction success 270 4
Compaction failures 103079 1
Note again that while this does swap as it's an aggressive workload, the
direct relcim activity and allocation stalls is substantially reduced.
There is some kswapd activity but ftrace showed that the kswapd activity
was due to normal wakeups from 4K pages being allocated.
Compaction-related stalls and activity are almost eliminated.
I also tried the stutter benchmark. For this, I do not have figures for
NUMA but it's something that does impact UMA so I'll report what is
available
stutter
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3
Min mmap 7.3571 ( 0.00%) 7.3438 ( 0.18%)
1st-qrtle mmap 7.5278 ( 0.00%) 17.9200 (-138.05%)
2nd-qrtle mmap 7.6818 ( 0.00%) 21.6055 (-181.25%)
3rd-qrtle mmap 11.0889 ( 0.00%) 21.8881 (-97.39%)
Max-90% mmap 27.8978 ( 0.00%) 22.1632 ( 20.56%)
Max-93% mmap 28.3202 ( 0.00%) 22.3044 ( 21.24%)
Max-95% mmap 28.5600 ( 0.00%) 22.4580 ( 21.37%)
Max-99% mmap 29.6032 ( 0.00%) 25.5216 ( 13.79%)
Max mmap 4109.7289 ( 0.00%) 4813.9832 (-17.14%)
Mean mmap 12.4474 ( 0.00%) 19.3027 (-55.07%)
This benchmark is trying to fault an anonymous mapping while there is a
heavy IO load -- a scenario that desktop users used to complain about
frequently. This shows a mix because the ideal case of mapping with THP
is not hit as often. However, note that 99% of the mappings complete
13.79% faster. The CPU usage here is particularly interesting
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1nodefrag-v1r3
User 67.50 0.99
System 1327.88 91.30
Elapsed 2079.00 2128.98
And once again we look at the reclaim figures
4.4.0 4.4.0
kcompactd-v1r1nodefrag-v1r3
Minor Faults 335241922 1314582827
Major Faults 715 819
Swap Ins 0 0
Swap Outs 0 0
Allocation stalls 532723 0
DMA allocs 0 0
DMA32 allocs 1822364341 1177950222
Normal allocs 1815640808 1517844854
Movable allocs 0 0
Direct pages scanned 21892772 0
Kswapd pages scanned 20015890 41879484
Kswapd pages reclaimed 19961986 41822072
Direct pages reclaimed 21892741 0
Compaction stalls 1065755 0
Compaction success 514 0
Compaction failures 1065241 0
Allocation stalls and all direct reclaim activity is eliminated as well
as compaction-related stalls.
THP gives impressive gains in some cases but only if they are quickly
available. We're not going to reach the point where they are completely
free so lets take the costs out of the fast paths finally and defer the
cost to kswapd, kcompactd and khugepaged where it belongs.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Count how many times we put a THP in split queue. Currently, it happens
on partial unmap of a THP.
Rapidly growing value can indicate that an application behaves
unfriendly wrt THP: often fault in huge page and then unmap part of it.
This leads to unnecessary memory fragmentation and the application may
require tuning.
The event also can help with debugging kernel [mis-]behaviour.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER attempts to impose negligible runtime overhead when
enabled during compilation, but not actually enabled during runtime by
boot param page_owner=on. This overhead can be further reduced using
the static key mechanism, which this patch does.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLAB_DEBUG_FREE allows expensive consistency checks at free to be turned
on or off. Expand its use to be able to turn off all consistency
checks. This gives a nice speed up if you only want features such as
poisoning or tracing.
Credit to Mathias Krause for the original work which inspired this
series
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge second patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:
- more MM stuff:
- Kirill's page-flags rework
- Kirill's now-allegedly-fixed THP rework
- MADV_FREE implementation
- DAX feature work (msync/fsync). This isn't quite complete but DAX
is new and it's good enough and the guys have a handle on what
needs to be done - I expect this to be wrapped in the next week or
two.
- some vsprintf maintenance work
- various other misc bits
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (145 commits)
printk: change recursion_bug type to bool
lib/vsprintf: factor out %pN[F] handler as netdev_bits()
lib/vsprintf: refactor duplicate code to special_hex_number()
printk-formats.txt: remove unimplemented %pT
printk: help pr_debug and pr_devel to optimize out arguments
lib/test_printf.c: test dentry printing
lib/test_printf.c: add test for large bitmaps
lib/test_printf.c: account for kvasprintf tests
lib/test_printf.c: add a few number() tests
lib/test_printf.c: test precision quirks
lib/test_printf.c: check for out-of-bound writes
lib/test_printf.c: don't BUG
lib/kasprintf.c: add sanity check to kvasprintf
lib/vsprintf.c: warn about too large precisions and field widths
lib/vsprintf.c: help gcc make number() smaller
lib/vsprintf.c: expand field_width to 24 bits
lib/vsprintf.c: eliminate potential race in string()
lib/vsprintf.c: move string() below widen_string()
lib/vsprintf.c: pull out padding code from dentry_name()
printk: do cond_resched() between lines while outputting to consoles
...
Hugh has pointed that compound_head() call can be unsafe in some
context. There's one example:
CPU0 CPU1
isolate_migratepages_block()
page_count()
compound_head()
!!PageTail() == true
put_page()
tail->first_page = NULL
head = tail->first_page
alloc_pages(__GFP_COMP)
prep_compound_page()
tail->first_page = head
__SetPageTail(p);
!!PageTail() == true
<head == NULL dereferencing>
The race is pure theoretical. I don't it's possible to trigger it in
practice. But who knows.
We can fix the race by changing how encode PageTail() and compound_head()
within struct page to be able to update them in one shot.
The patch introduces page->compound_head into third double word block in
front of compound_dtor and compound_order. Bit 0 encodes PageTail() and
the rest bits are pointer to head page if bit zero is set.
The patch moves page->pmd_huge_pte out of word, just in case if an
architecture defines pgtable_t into something what can have the bit 0
set.
hugetlb_cgroup uses page->lru.next in the second tail page to store
pointer struct hugetlb_cgroup. The patch switch it to use page->private
in the second tail page instead. The space is free since ->first_page is
removed from the union.
The patch also opens possibility to remove HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER
limitation, since there's now space in first tail page to store struct
hugetlb_cgroup pointer. But that's out of scope of the patch.
That means page->compound_head shares storage space with:
- page->lru.next;
- page->next;
- page->rcu_head.next;
That's too long list to be absolutely sure, but looks like nobody uses
bit 0 of the word.
page->rcu_head.next guaranteed[1] to have bit 0 clean as long as we use
call_rcu(), call_rcu_bh(), call_rcu_sched(), or call_srcu(). But future
call_rcu_lazy() is not allowed as it makes use of the bit and we can
get false positive PageTail().
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/g/20150827163634.GD4029@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__GFP_WAIT has been used to identify atomic context in callers that hold
spinlocks or are in interrupts. They are expected to be high priority and
have access one of two watermarks lower than "min" which can be referred
to as the "atomic reserve". __GFP_HIGH users get access to the first
lower watermark and can be called the "high priority reserve".
Over time, callers had a requirement to not block when fallback options
were available. Some have abused __GFP_WAIT leading to a situation where
an optimisitic allocation with a fallback option can access atomic
reserves.
This patch uses __GFP_ATOMIC to identify callers that are truely atomic,
cannot sleep and have no alternative. High priority users continue to use
__GFP_HIGH. __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM identifies callers that can sleep and
are willing to enter direct reclaim. __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM to identify
callers that want to wake kswapd for background reclaim. __GFP_WAIT is
redefined as a caller that is willing to enter direct reclaim and wake
kswapd for background reclaim.
This patch then converts a number of sites
o __GFP_ATOMIC is used by callers that are high priority and have memory
pools for those requests. GFP_ATOMIC uses this flag.
o Callers that have a limited mempool to guarantee forward progress clear
__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM but keep __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM. bio allocations fall
into this category where kswapd will still be woken but atomic reserves
are not used as there is a one-entry mempool to guarantee progress.
o Callers that are checking if they are non-blocking should use the
helper gfpflags_allow_blocking() where possible. This is because
checking for __GFP_WAIT as was done historically now can trigger false
positives. Some exceptions like dm-crypt.c exist where the code intent
is clearer if __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM is used instead of the helper due to
flag manipulations.
o Callers that built their own GFP flags instead of starting with GFP_KERNEL
and friends now also need to specify __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM.
The first key hazard to watch out for is callers that removed __GFP_WAIT
and was depending on access to atomic reserves for inconspicuous reasons.
In some cases it may be appropriate for them to use __GFP_HIGH.
The second key hazard is callers that assembled their own combination of
GFP flags instead of starting with something like GFP_KERNEL. They may
now wish to specify __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM. It's almost certainly harmless
if it's missed in most cases as other activity will wake kswapd.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have had trouble in the past from the way in which page migration's
newpage is initialized in dribs and drabs - see commit 8bdd638091 ("mm:
fix direct reclaim writeback regression") which proposed a cleanup.
We have no actual problem now, but I think the procedure would be clearer
(and alternative get_new_page pools safer to implement) if we assert that
newpage is not touched until we are sure that it's going to be used -
except for taking the trylock on it in __unmap_and_move().
So shift the early initializations from move_to_new_page() into
migrate_page_move_mapping(), mapping and NULL-mapping paths. Similarly
migrate_huge_page_move_mapping(), but its NULL-mapping path can just be
deleted: you cannot reach hugetlbfs_migrate_page() with a NULL mapping.
Adjust stages 3 to 8 in the Documentation file accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
KernelThreadSanitizer (ktsan) has shown that the down_read_trylock() of
mmap_sem in try_to_unmap_one() (when going to set PageMlocked on a page
found mapped in a VM_LOCKED vma) is ineffective against races with
exit_mmap()'s munlock_vma_pages_all(), because mmap_sem is not held when
tearing down an mm.
But that's okay, those races are benign; and although we've believed for
years in that ugly down_read_trylock(), it's unsuitable for the job, and
frustrates the good intention of setting PageMlocked when it fails.
It just doesn't matter if here we read vm_flags an instant before or after
a racing mlock() or munlock() or exit_mmap() sets or clears VM_LOCKED: the
syscalls (or exit) work their way up the address space (taking pt locks
after updating vm_flags) to establish the final state.
We do still need to be careful never to mark a page Mlocked (hence
unevictable) by any race that will not be corrected shortly after. The
page lock protects from many of the races, but not all (a page is not
necessarily locked when it's unmapped). But the pte lock we just dropped
is good to cover the rest (and serializes even with
munlock_vma_pages_all(), so no special barriers required): now hold on to
the pte lock while calling mlock_vma_page(). Is that lock ordering safe?
Yes, that's how follow_page_pte() calls it, and how page_remove_rmap()
calls the complementary clear_page_mlock().
This fixes the following case (though not a case which anyone has
complained of), which mmap_sem did not: truncation's preliminary
unmap_mapping_range() is supposed to remove even the anonymous COWs of
filecache pages, and that might race with try_to_unmap_one() on a
VM_LOCKED vma, so that mlock_vma_page() sets PageMlocked just after
zap_pte_range() unmaps the page, causing "Bad page state (mlocked)" when
freed. The pte lock protects against this.
You could say that it also protects against the more ordinary case, racing
with the preliminary unmapping of a filecache page itself: but in our
current tree, that's independently protected by i_mmap_rwsem; and that
race would be why "Bad page state (mlocked)" was seen before commit
48ec833b78 ("Revert mm/memory.c: share the i_mmap_rwsem").
Vlastimil Babka points out another race which this patch protects against.
try_to_unmap_one() might reach its mlock_vma_page() TestSetPageMlocked a
moment after munlock_vma_pages_all() did its Phase 1 TestClearPageMlocked:
leaving PageMlocked and unevictable when it should be evictable. mmap_sem
is ineffective because exit_mmap() does not hold it; page lock ineffective
because __munlock_pagevec() only takes it afterwards, in Phase 2; pte lock
is effective because __munlock_pagevec_fill() takes it to get the page,
after VM_LOCKED was cleared from vm_flags, so visible to try_to_unmap_one.
Kirill Shutemov points out that if the compiler chooses to implement a
"vma->vm_flags &= VM_WHATEVER" or "vma->vm_flags |= VM_WHATEVER" operation
with an intermediate store of unrelated bits set, since I'm here foregoing
its usual protection by mmap_sem, try_to_unmap_one() might catch sight of
a spurious VM_LOCKED in vm_flags, and make the wrong decision. This does
not appear to be an immediate problem, but we may want to define vm_flags
accessors in future, to guard against such a possibility.
While we're here, make a related optimization in try_to_munmap_one(): if
it's doing TTU_MUNLOCK, then there's no point at all in descending the
page tables and getting the pt lock, unless the vma is VM_LOCKED. Yes,
that can change racily, but it can change racily even without the
optimization: it's not critical. Far better not to waste time here.
Stopped short of separating try_to_munlock_one() from try_to_munmap_one()
on this occasion, but that's probably the sensible next step - with a
rename, given that try_to_munlock()'s business is to try to set Mlocked.
Updated the unevictable-lru Documentation, to remove its reference to mmap
semaphore, but found a few more updates needed in just that area.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While updating some mm Documentation, I came across a few straggling
references to the non-linear vmas which were happily removed in v4.0.
Delete them.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
max_ptes_swap specifies how many pages can be brought in from swap when
collapsing a group of pages into a transparent huge page.
/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/max_ptes_swap
A higher value can cause excessive swap IO and waste memory. A lower
value can prevent THPs from being collapsed, resulting fewer pages being
collapsed into THPs, and lower memory access performance.
Signed-off-by: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add documentation on how to use slabinfo-gnuplot.sh script.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As noted by Minchan, a benefit of reading idle flag from /proc/kpageflags
is that one can easily filter dirty and/or unevictable pages while
estimating the size of unused memory.
Note that idle flag read from /proc/kpageflags may be stale in case the
page was accessed via a PTE, because it would be too costly to iterate
over all page mappings on each /proc/kpageflags read to provide an
up-to-date value. To make sure the flag is up-to-date one has to read
/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap first.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or
memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system
efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately.
Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided
by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the
access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to
clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However,
this method has two serious shortcomings:
- it does not count unmapped file pages
- it affects the reclaimer logic
To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags,
Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap.
A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in
/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page,
and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables
(it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2)
system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for
pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading
/proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its
working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount
of pages that are not used by the workload.
The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory
reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page
table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file.
If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its
return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was
cleared.
Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature
uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework]
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
/proc/kpagecgroup contains a 64-bit inode number of the memory cgroup each
page is charged to, indexed by PFN. Having this information is useful for
estimating a cgroup working set size.
The file is present if CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR && CONFIG_MEMCG.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the Documentation/vm/zswap.txt doc to indicate that the "zpool" and
"compressor" params are now changeable at runtime.
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The URL for libhugetlbfs has changed. Also, put a stronger emphasis on
using libgugetlbfs for hugetlb regression testing.
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Joern Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch sets bit 56 in pagemap if this page is mapped only once. It
allows to detect exclusively used pages without exposing PFN:
present file exclusive state
0 0 0 non-present
1 1 0 file page mapped somewhere else
1 1 1 file page mapped only here
1 0 0 anon non-CoWed page (shared with parent/child)
1 0 1 anon CoWed page (or never forked)
CoWed pages in (MAP_FILE | MAP_PRIVATE) areas are anon in this context.
MMap-exclusive bit doesn't reflect potential page-sharing via swapcache:
page could be mapped once but has several swap-ptes which point to it.
Application could detect that by swap bit in pagemap entry and touch that
pte via /proc/pid/mem to get real information.
See http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAEVpBa+_RyACkhODZrRvQLs80iy0sqpdrd0AaP_-tgnX3Y9yNQ@mail.gmail.com
Requested by Mark Williamson.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Tested-by: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I had requests to return the full address (not the page aligned one) to
userland.
It's not entirely clear how the page offset could be relevant because
userfaults aren't like SIGBUS that can sigjump to a different place and it
actually skip resolving the fault depending on a page offset. There's
currently no real way to skip the fault especially because after a
UFFDIO_COPY|ZEROPAGE, the fault is optimized to be retried within the
kernel without having to return to userland first (not even self modifying
code replacing the .text that touched the faulting address would prevent
the fault to be repeated). Userland cannot skip repeating the fault even
more so if the fault was triggered by a KVM secondary page fault or any
get_user_pages or any copy-user inside some syscall which will return to
kernel code. The second time FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT won't be set leading
to a SIGBUS being raised because the userfault can't wait if it cannot
release the mmap_map first (and FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT is required for
that).
Still returning userland a proper structure during the read() on the uffd,
can allow to use the current UFFD_API for the future non-cooperative
extensions too and it looks cleaner as well. Once we get additional
fields there's no point to return the fault address page aligned anymore
to reuse the bits below PAGE_SHIFT.
The only downside is that the read() syscall will read 32bytes instead of
8bytes but that's not going to be measurable overhead.
The total number of new events that can be extended or of new future bits
for already shipped events, is limited to 64 by the features field of the
uffdio_api structure. If more will be needed a bump of UFFD_API will be
required.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use __packed]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Sanidhya Kashyap <sanidhya.gatech@gmail.com>
Cc: zhang.zhanghailiang@huawei.com
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Huangpeng (Peter)" <peter.huangpeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the latest userfaultfd patchset. The postcopy live migration
feature on the qemu side is mostly ready to be merged and it entirely
depends on the userfaultfd syscall to be merged as well. So it'd be great
if this patchset could be reviewed for merging in -mm.
Userfaults allow to implement on demand paging from userland and more
generally they allow userland to more efficiently take control of the
behavior of page faults than what was available before (PROT_NONE +
SIGSEGV trap).
The use cases are:
1) KVM postcopy live migration (one form of cloud memory
externalization).
KVM postcopy live migration is the primary driver of this work:
http://blog.zhaw.ch/icclab/setting-up-post-copy-live-migration-in-openstack/http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2015-02/msg04873.html
2) postcopy live migration of binaries inside linux containers:
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/132662
3) KVM postcopy live snapshotting (allowing to limit/throttle the
memory usage, unlike fork would, plus the avoidance of fork
overhead in the first place).
While the wrprotect tracking is not implemented yet, the syscall API is
already contemplating the wrprotect fault tracking and it's generic enough
to allow its later implementation in a backwards compatible fashion.
4) KVM userfaults on shared memory. The UFFDIO_COPY lowlevel method
should be extended to work also on tmpfs and then the
uffdio_register.ioctls will notify userland that UFFDIO_COPY is
available even when the registered virtual memory range is tmpfs
backed.
5) alternate mechanism to notify web browsers or apps on embedded
devices that volatile pages have been reclaimed. This basically
avoids the need to run a syscall before the app can access with the
CPU the virtual regions marked volatile. This depends on point 4)
to be fulfilled first, as volatile pages happily apply to tmpfs.
Even though there wasn't a real use case requesting it yet, it also
allows to implement distributed shared memory in a way that readonly
shared mappings can exist simultaneously in different hosts and they
can be become exclusive at the first wrprotect fault.
This patch (of 22):
Add documentation.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Sanidhya Kashyap <sanidhya.gatech@gmail.com>
Cc: zhang.zhanghailiang@huawei.com
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Huangpeng (Peter)" <peter.huangpeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the "enabled" parameter to be configurable at runtime. Remove the
enabled check from init(), and move it to the frontswap store() function;
when enabled, pages will be stored, and when disabled, pages won't be
stored.
This is almost identical to Seth's patch from 2 years ago:
http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1307.2/04289.html
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak documentation]
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Suggested-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a very subtle difference between mmap()+mlock() vs
mmap(MAP_LOCKED) semantic. The former one fails if the population of the
area fails while the later one doesn't. This basically means that
mmap(MAPLOCKED) areas might see major fault after mmap syscall returns
which is not the case for mlock. mmap man page has already been altered
but Documentation/vm/unevictable-lru.txt deserves a clarification as well.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
of the i2o docs, some new Chinese translations, and, hopefully, the README
fix that will end the flow of identical patches to that file.
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Merge tag 'docs-for-linus' of git://git.lwn.net/linux-2.6
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"Numerous fixes, the overdue removal of the i2o docs, some new Chinese
translations, and, hopefully, the README fix that will end the flow of
identical patches to that file"
* tag 'docs-for-linus' of git://git.lwn.net/linux-2.6: (34 commits)
Documentation/memcg: update memcg/kmem status
Documentation: blackfin: Makefile: Typo building issue
Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt: correct location of page-types tool
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt: typo fix
doc: Add guest_nice column to example output of `cat /proc/stat'
Documentation/kernel-parameters: Move "eagerfpu" to its right place
Documentation: gpio: Update ACPI part of the document to mention _DSD
docs/completion.txt: Various tweaks and corrections
doc: completion: context, scope and language fixes
Documentation:Update Documentation/zh_CN/arm64/memory.txt
Documentation:Update Documentation/zh_CN/arm64/booting.txt
Documentation: Chinese translation of arm64/legacy_instructions.txt
DocBook media: fix broken EIA hyperlink
Documentation: tweak the maintainers entry
README: Change gzip/bzip2 to xz compression format
README: Update version number reference
doc:pci: Fix typo in Documentation/PCI
Documentation: drm: Use '->' when describing access through pointers.
Documentation: Remove mentioning of block barriers
Documentation/email-clients.txt: Fix one grammar mistake, add extra info about TB
...
munmap(2) of hugetlb memory requires a length that is hugepage aligned,
otherwise it may fail. Add this to the documentation.
This also cleans up the documentation and separates it into logical units:
one part refers to MAP_HUGETLB and another part refers to requirements for
shared memory segments.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Joern Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add min_size mount option to the hugetlbfs documentation. Also, add the
missing pagesize option and mention that size can be specified as bytes or
a percentage of huge page pool.
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The memory compaction code uses the migration code to do most of the
work in compaction. However, the compaction code interacts with the
unevictable LRU differently than migration code and this difference
should be noted in the documentation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: identify /proc/sys/vm/compact_unevictable directly]
Signed-off-by: Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, cleancache_register_ops returns the previous value of
cleancache_ops to allow chaining. However, chaining, as it is
implemented now, is extremely dangerous due to possible pool id
collisions. Suppose, a new cleancache driver is registered after the
previous one assigned an id to a super block. If the new driver assigns
the same id to another super block, which is perfectly possible, we will
have two different filesystems using the same id. No matter if the new
driver implements chaining or not, we are likely to get data corruption
with such a configuration eventually.
This patch therefore disables the ability to override cleancache_ops
altogether as potentially dangerous. If there is already cleancache
driver registered, all further calls to cleancache_register_ops will
return EBUSY. Since no user of cleancache implements chaining, we only
need to make minor changes to the code outside the cleancache core.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Stefan Hengelein <ilendir@googlemail.com>
Cc: Florian Schmaus <fschmaus@gmail.com>
Cc: Andor Daam <andor.daam@googlemail.com>
Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__mlock_vma_pages_range() doesn't necessarily mlock pages. It depends on
vma flags. The same codepath is used for MAP_POPULATE.
Let's rename __mlock_vma_pages_range() to populate_vma_page_range().
This patch also drops mlock_vma_pages_range() references from
documentation. It has gone in cea10a19b7 ("mm: directly use
__mlock_vma_pages_range() in find_extend_vma()").
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The page-types tool was relocated to tools/vm in the 3.4 kernel timeframe.
Signed-off-by: Randy Wright <rwright@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
max_ptes_none specifies how many extra small pages (that are
not already mapped) can be allocated when collapsing a group
of small pages into one large page.
/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/max_ptes_none
A higher value leads to use additional memory for programs.
A lower value leads to gain less thp performance. Value of
max_ptes_none can waste cpu time very little, you can
ignore it.
Signed-off-by: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Add KPF_ZERO_PAGE flag for zero_page, so that userspace processes can
detect zero_page in /proc/kpageflags, and then do memory analysis more
accurately.
Signed-off-by: Yalin Wang <yalin.wang@sonymobile.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull trivial tree changes from Jiri Kosina:
"Patches from trivial.git that keep the world turning around.
Mostly documentation and comment fixes, and a two corner-case code
fixes from Alan Cox"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial:
kexec, Kconfig: spell "architecture" properly
mm: fix cleancache debugfs directory path
blackfin: mach-common: ints-priority: remove unused function
doubletalk: probe failure causes OOPS
ARM: cache-l2x0.c: Make it clear that cache-l2x0 handles L310 cache controller
msdos_fs.h: fix 'fields' in comment
scsi: aic7xxx: fix comment
ARM: l2c: fix comment
ibmraid: fix writeable attribute with no store method
dynamic_debug: fix comment
doc: usbmon: fix spelling s/unpriviledged/unprivileged/
x86: init_mem_mapping(): use capital BIOS in comment
remap_file_pages(2) was invented to be able efficiently map parts of
huge file into limited 32-bit virtual address space such as in database
workloads.
Nonlinear mappings are pain to support and it seems there's no
legitimate use-cases nowadays since 64-bit systems are widely available.
Let's drop it and get rid of all these special-cased code.
The patch replaces the syscall with emulation which creates new VMA on
each remap_file_pages(), unless they it can be merged with an adjacent
one.
I didn't find *any* real code that uses remap_file_pages(2) to test
emulation impact on. I've checked Debian code search and source of all
packages in ALT Linux. No real users: libc wrappers, mentions in
strace, gdb, valgrind and this kind of stuff.
There are few basic tests in LTP for the syscall. They work just fine
with emulation.
To test performance impact, I've written small test case which
demonstrate pretty much worst case scenario: map 4G shmfs file, write to
begin of every page pgoff of the page, remap pages in reverse order,
read every page.
The test creates 1 million of VMAs if emulation is in use, so I had to
set vm.max_map_count to 1100000 to avoid -ENOMEM.
Before: 23.3 ( +- 4.31% ) seconds
After: 43.9 ( +- 0.85% ) seconds
Slowdown: 1.88x
I believe we can live with that.
Test case:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#define MB (1024UL * 1024)
#define SIZE (4096 * MB)
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned long *p;
long i, pass;
for (pass = 0; pass < 10; pass++) {
p = mmap(NULL, SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
perror("mmap");
return -1;
}
for (i = 0; i < SIZE / 4096; i++)
p[i * 4096 / sizeof(*p)] = i;
for (i = 0; i < SIZE / 4096; i++) {
if (remap_file_pages(p + i * 4096 / sizeof(*p), 4096,
0, (SIZE - 4096 * (i + 1)) >> 12, 0)) {
perror("remap_file_pages");
return -1;
}
}
for (i = SIZE / 4096 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
assert(p[i * 4096 / sizeof(*p)] == SIZE / 4096 - i - 1);
munmap(p, SIZE);
}
return 0;
}
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
[sasha.levin@oracle.com: initialize populate before usage]
[sasha.levin@oracle.com: grab file ref to prevent race while mmaping]
Signed-off-by: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Armin Rigo <arigo@tunes.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Minor fixes for cleancache about wrong debugfs paths
in documentation and code comment.
Signed-off-by: Marcin Jabrzyk <m.jabrzyk@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Merge second patchbomb from Andrew Morton:
- the rest of MM
- misc fs fixes
- add execveat() syscall
- new ratelimit feature for fault-injection
- decompressor updates
- ipc/ updates
- fallocate feature creep
- fsnotify cleanups
- a few other misc things
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (99 commits)
cgroups: Documentation: fix trivial typos and wrong paragraph numberings
parisc: percpu: update comments referring to __get_cpu_var
percpu: update local_ops.txt to reflect this_cpu operations
percpu: remove __get_cpu_var and __raw_get_cpu_var macros
fsnotify: remove destroy_list from fsnotify_mark
fsnotify: unify inode and mount marks handling
fallocate: create FAN_MODIFY and IN_MODIFY events
mm/cma: make kmemleak ignore CMA regions
slub: fix cpuset check in get_any_partial
slab: fix cpuset check in fallback_alloc
shmdt: use i_size_read() instead of ->i_size
ipc/shm.c: fix overly aggressive shmdt() when calls span multiple segments
ipc/msg: increase MSGMNI, remove scaling
ipc/sem.c: increase SEMMSL, SEMMNI, SEMOPM
ipc/sem.c: change memory barrier in sem_lock() to smp_rmb()
lib/decompress.c: consistency of compress formats for kernel image
decompress_bunzip2: off by one in get_next_block()
usr/Kconfig: make initrd compression algorithm selection not expert
fault-inject: add ratelimit option
ratelimit: add initialization macro
...
page owner is for the tracking about who allocated each page. This
document explains what is the page owner feature and what is the merit of
it. And, simple HOW-TO is also explained. See the document for detailed
information.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds 1GB large page support information in
Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt
Reference:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/10/31/366
Signed-off-by: Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Commit 75897d60 (hugetlb: allow sticky directory mount option) added
support for mounting hugetlbfs with sticky option set, like /tmp is
usually mounted, but forgot to document that.
Acked-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Smelkov <kirr@nexedi.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
The remap_file_pages() system call is used to create a nonlinear
mapping, that is, a mapping in which the pages of the file are mapped
into a nonsequential order in memory. The advantage of using
remap_file_pages() over using repeated calls to mmap(2) is that the
former approach does not require the kernel to create additional VMA
(Virtual Memory Area) data structures.
Supporting of nonlinear mapping requires significant amount of
non-trivial code in kernel virtual memory subsystem including hot paths.
Also to get nonlinear mapping work kernel need a way to distinguish
normal page table entries from entries with file offset (pte_file).
Kernel reserves flag in PTE for this purpose. PTE flags are scarce
resource especially on some CPU architectures. It would be nice to free
up the flag for other usage.
Fortunately, there are not many users of remap_file_pages() in the wild.
It's only known that one enterprise RDBMS implementation uses the
syscall on 32-bit systems to map files bigger than can linearly fit into
32-bit virtual address space. This use-case is not critical anymore
since 64-bit systems are widely available.
The plan is to deprecate the syscall and replace it with an emulation.
The emulation will create new VMAs instead of nonlinear mappings. It's
going to work slower for rare users of remap_file_pages() but ABI is
preserved.
One side effect of emulation (apart from performance) is that user can
hit vm.max_map_count limit more easily due to additional VMAs. See
comment for DEFAULT_MAX_MAP_COUNT for more details on the limit.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Armin Rigo <arigo@tunes.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently memory error handler handles action optional errors in the
deferred manner by default. And if a recovery aware application wants
to handle it immediately, it can do it by setting PF_MCE_EARLY flag.
However, such signal can be sent only to the main thread, so it's
problematic if the application wants to have a dedicated thread to
handler such signals.
So this patch adds dedicated thread support to memory error handler. We
have PF_MCE_EARLY flags for each thread separately, so with this patch
AO signal is sent to the thread with PF_MCE_EARLY flag set, not the main
thread. If you want to implement a dedicated thread, you call prctl()
to set PF_MCE_EARLY on the thread.
Memory error handler collects processes to be killed, so this patch lets
it check PF_MCE_EARLY flag on each thread in the collecting routines.
No behavioral change for all non-early kill cases.
Tony said:
: The old behavior was crazy - someone with a multithreaded process might
: well expect that if they call prctl(PF_MCE_EARLY) in just one thread, then
: that thread would see the SIGBUS with si_code = BUS_MCEERR_A0 - even if
: that thread wasn't the main thread for the process.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Kamil Iskra <iskra@mcs.anl.gov>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.jf.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.2+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull trivial tree changes from Jiri Kosina:
"Usual pile of patches from trivial tree that make the world go round"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (23 commits)
staging: go7007: remove reference to CONFIG_KMOD
aic7xxx: Remove obsolete preprocessor define
of: dma: doc fixes
doc: fix incorrect formula to calculate CommitLimit value
doc: Note need of bc in the kernel build from 3.10 onwards
mm: Fix printk typo in dmapool.c
modpost: Fix comment typo "Modules.symvers"
Kconfig.debug: Grammar s/addition/additional/
wimax: Spelling s/than/that/, wording s/destinatary/recipient/
aic7xxx: Spelling s/termnation/termination/
arm64: mm: Remove superfluous "the" in comment
of: Spelling s/anonymouns/anonymous/
dma: imx-sdma: Spelling s/determnine/determine/
ath10k: Improve grammar in comments
ath6kl: Spelling s/determnine/determine/
of: Improve grammar for of_alias_get_id() documentation
drm/exynos: Spelling s/contro/control/
radio-bcm2048.c: fix wrong overflow check
doc: printk-formats: do not mention casts for u64/s64
doc: spelling error changes
...
In document numa_memory_policy.txt, the following examples for flag
MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES are incorrect.
For example, consider a task that is attached to a cpuset with
mems 2-5 that sets an Interleave policy over the same set with
MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES. If the cpuset's mems change to 3-7, the
interleave now occurs over nodes 3,5-6. If the cpuset's mems
then change to 0,2-3,5, then the interleave occurs over nodes
0,3,5.
According to the comment of the patch adding flag MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES,
the nodemasks the user specifies should be considered relative to the
current task's mems_allowed.
(https://lkml.org/lkml/2008/2/29/428)
And according to numa_memory_policy.txt, if the user's nodemask includes
nodes that are outside the range of the new set of allowed nodes, then
the remap wraps around to the beginning of the nodemask and, if not
already set, sets the node in the mempolicy nodemask.
So in the example, if the user specifies 2-5, for a task whose
mems_allowed is 3-7, the nodemasks should be remapped the third, fourth,
fifth, sixth node in mems_allowed. like the following:
mems_allowed: 3 4 5 6 7
relative index: 0 1 2 3 4
5
So the nodemasks should be remapped to 3,5-7, but not 3,5-6.
And for a task whose mems_allowed is 0,2-3,5, the nodemasks should be
remapped to 0,2-3,5, but not 0,3,5.
mems_allowed: 0 2 3 5
relative index: 0 1 2 3
4 5
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix double words "the the" in various files
within Documentations.
Signed-off-by: Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Some of the 00-INDEX files are somewhat outdated and some folders does
not contain 00-INDEX at all. Only outdated (with the notably exception
of spi) indexes are touched here, the 169 folders without 00-INDEX has
not been touched.
New 00-INDEX
- spi/* was added in a series of commits dating back to 2006
Added files (missing in (*/)00-INDEX)
- dmatest.txt was added by commit 851b7e16a0 ("dmatest: run test via
debugfs")
- this_cpu_ops.txt was added by commit a1b2a555d6 ("percpu: add
documentation on this_cpu operations")
- ww-mutex-design.txt was added by commit 040a0a3710 ("mutex: Add
support for wound/wait style locks")
- bcache.txt was added by commit cafe563591 ("bcache: A block layer
cache")
- kernel-per-CPU-kthreads.txt was added by commit 49717cb404
("kthread: Document ways of reducing OS jitter due to per-CPU
kthreads")
- phy.txt was added by commit ff76496347 ("drivers: phy: add generic
PHY framework")
- block/null_blk was added by commit 12f8f4fc03 ("null_blk:
documentation")
- module-signing.txt was added by commit 3cafea3076 ("Add
Documentation/module-signing.txt file")
- assoc_array.txt was added by commit 3cb989501c ("Add a generic
associative array implementation.")
- arm/IXP4xx was part of the initial repo
- arm/cluster-pm-race-avoidance.txt was added by commit 7fe31d28e8
("ARM: mcpm: introduce helpers for platform coherency exit/setup")
- arm/firmware.txt was added by commit 7366b92a77 ("ARM: Add
interface for registering and calling firmware-specific operations")
- arm/kernel_mode_neon.txt was added by commit 2afd0a0524 ("ARM:
7825/1: document the use of NEON in kernel mode")
- arm/tcm.txt was added by commit bc581770cf ("ARM: 5580/2: ARM TCM
(Tightly-Coupled Memory) support v3")
- arm/vlocks.txt was added by commit 9762f12d3e ("ARM: mcpm: Add
baremetal voting mutexes")
- blackfin/gptimers-example.c, Makefile was added by commit
4b60779d5e ("Blackfin: add an example showing how to use the
gptimers API")
- devicetree/usage-model.txt was added by commit 31134efc68 ("dt:
Linux DT usage model documentation")
- fb/api.txt was added by commit fb21c2f428 ("fbdev: Add FOURCC-based
format configuration API")
- fb/sm501.txt was added by commit e6a0498071 ("video, sm501: add
edid and commandline support")
- fb/udlfb.txt was added by commit 96f8d864af ("fbdev: move udlfb out
of staging.")
- filesystems/Makefile was added by commit 1e0051ae48
("Documentation/fs/: split txt and source files")
- filesystems/nfs/nfsd-admin-interfaces.txt was added by commit
8a4c6e19cf ("nfsd: document kernel interfaces for nfsd
configuration")
- ide/warm-plug-howto.txt was added by commit f74c91413e ("ide: add
warm-plug support for IDE devices (take 2)")
- laptops/Makefile was added by commit d49129accc
("Documentation/laptop/: split txt and source files")
- leds/leds-blinkm.txt was added by commit b54cf35a7f ("LEDS: add
BlinkM RGB LED driver, documentation and update MAINTAINERS")
- leds/ledtrig-oneshot.txt was added by commit 5e417281cd ("leds: add
oneshot trigger")
- leds/ledtrig-transient.txt was added by commit 44e1e9f8e7 ("leds:
add new transient trigger for one shot timer activation")
- m68k/README.buddha was part of the initial repo
- networking/LICENSE.(qla3xxx|qlcnic|qlge) was added by commits
40839129f7, c4e84bde1d, 5a4faa8737
- networking/Makefile was added by commit 3794f3e812 ("docsrc: build
Documentation/ sources")
- networking/i40evf.txt was added by commit 105bf2fe6b ("i40evf: add
driver to kernel build system")
- networking/ipsec.txt was added by commit b3c6efbc36 ("xfrm: Add
file to document IPsec corner case")
- networking/mac80211-auth-assoc-deauth.txt was added by commit
3cd7920a2b ("mac80211: add auth/assoc/deauth flow diagram")
- networking/netlink_mmap.txt was added by commit 5683264c39
("netlink: add documentation for memory mapped I/O")
- networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt was added by commit c9f9e0e159
("netfilter: doc: add nf_conntrack sysctl api documentation") lan)
- networking/team.txt was added by commit 3d249d4ca7 ("net: introduce
ethernet teaming device")
- networking/vxlan.txt was added by commit d342894c5d ("vxlan:
virtual extensible lan")
- power/runtime_pm.txt was added by commit 5e928f77a0 ("PM: Introduce
core framework for run-time PM of I/O devices (rev. 17)")
- power/charger-manager.txt was added by commit 3bb3dbbd56
("power_supply: Add initial Charger-Manager driver")
- RCU/lockdep-splat.txt was added by commit d7bd2d68aa ("rcu:
Document interpretation of RCU-lockdep splats")
- s390/kvm.txt was added by 5ecee4b (KVM: s390: API documentation)
- s390/qeth.txt was added by commit b4d72c08b3 ("qeth: bridgeport
support - basic control")
- scheduler/sched-bwc.txt was added by commit 88ebc08ea9 ("sched: Add
documentation for bandwidth control")
- scsi/advansys.txt was added by commit 4bd6d7f356 ("[SCSI] advansys:
Move documentation to Documentation/scsi")
- scsi/bfa.txt was added by commit 1ec90174bd ("[SCSI] bfa: add
readme file")
- scsi/bnx2fc.txt was added by commit 12b8fc10ea ("[SCSI] bnx2fc: Add
driver documentation")
- scsi/cxgb3i.txt was added by commit c3673464eb ("[SCSI] cxgb3i: Add
cxgb3i iSCSI driver.")
- scsi/hpsa.txt was added by commit 992ebcf14f ("[SCSI] hpsa: Add
hpsa.txt to Documentation/scsi")
- scsi/link_power_management_policy.txt was added by commit
ca77329fb7 ("[libata] Link power management infrastructure")
- scsi/osd.txt was added by commit 78e0c621de ("[SCSI] osd:
Documentation for OSD library")
- scsi/scsi-parameter.txt was created/moved by commit 163475fb11
("Documentation: move SCSI parameters to their own text file")
- serial/driver was part of the initial repo
- serial/n_gsm.txt was added by commit 323e84122e ("n_gsm: add a
documentation")
- timers/Makefile was added by commit 3794f3e812 ("docsrc: build
Documentation/ sources")
- virt/kvm/s390.txt was added by commit d9101fca3d ("KVM: s390:
diagnose call documentation")
- vm/split_page_table_lock was added by commit 49076ec2cc ("mm:
dynamically allocate page->ptl if it cannot be embedded to struct
page")
- w1/slaves/w1_ds28e04 was added by commit fbf7f7b4e2 ("w1: Add
1-wire slave device driver for DS28E04-100")
- w1/masters/omap-hdq was added by commit e0a29382c6 ("hdq:
documentation for OMAP HDQ")
- x86/early-microcode.txt was added by commit 0d91ea86a8 ("x86, doc:
Documentation for early microcode loading")
- x86/earlyprintk.txt was added by commit a1aade4788 ("x86/doc:
mini-howto for using earlyprintk=dbgp")
- x86/entry_64.txt was added by commit 8b4777a4b5 ("x86-64: Document
some of entry_64.S")
- x86/pat.txt was added by commit d27554d874 ("x86: PAT
documentation")
Moved files
- arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt was moved out of arch/arm/kernel by
commit 37b8304642 ("ARM: kuser: move interface documentation out of
the source code")
- efi-stub.txt was moved out of x86/ and down into Documentation/ in
commit 4172fe2f8a ("EFI stub documentation updates")
- laptops/hpfall.c was moved out of hwmon/ and into laptops/ in commit
efcfed9bad ("Move hp_accel to drivers/platform/x86")
- commit 5616c23ad9 ("x86: doc: move x86-generic documentation from
Doc/x86/i386"):
* x86/usb-legacy-support.txt
* x86/boot.txt
* x86/zero_page.txt
- power/video_extension.txt was moved to acpi in commit 70e66e4df1
("ACPI / video: move video_extension.txt to Documentation/acpi")
Removed files (left in 00-INDEX)
- memory.txt was removed by commit 00ea8990aa ("memory.txt: remove
stray information")
- gpio.txt was moved to gpio/ in commit fd8e198cfc ("Documentation:
gpiolib: document new interface")
- networking/DLINK.txt was removed by commit 168e06ae26
("drivers/net: delete old parallel port de600/de620 drivers")
- serial/hayes-esp.txt was removed by commit f53a2ade0b ("tty: esp:
remove broken driver")
- s390/TAPE was removed by commit 9e280f6693 ("[S390] remove tape
block docu")
- vm/locking was removed by commit 57ea8171d2 ("mm: documentation:
remove hopelessly out-of-date locking doc")
- laptops/acer-wmi.txt was remvoed by commit 020036678e ("acer-wmi:
Delete out-of-date documentation")
Typos/misc issues
- rpc-server-gss.txt was added as knfsd-rpcgss.txt in commit
030d794bf4 ("SUNRPC: Use gssproxy upcall for server RPCGSS
authentication.")
- commit b88cf73d92 ("net: add missing entries to
Documentation/networking/00-INDEX")
* generic-hdlc.txt was added as generic_hdlc.txt
* spider_net.txt was added as spider-net.txt
- w1/master/mxc-w1 was added as mxc_w1 by commit a5fd9139f7 ("w1: add
1-wire master driver for i.MX27 / i.MX31")
- s390/zfcpdump.txt was added as zfcpdump by commit 6920c12a40
("[S390] Add Documentation/s390/00-INDEX.")
Signed-off-by: Henrik Austad <henrik@austad.us>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> [rcu bits]
Acked-by: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <JBottomley@parallels.com>
Cc: Jean-Christophe Plagniol-Villard <plagnioj@jcrosoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Documentation/vm/locking is a blast from the past. In the entire git
history, it has had precisely Three modifications. Two of those look to
be pure renames, and the third was from 2005.
The doc contains such gems as:
> The page_table_lock is grabbed while holding the
> kernel_lock spinning monitor.
> Page stealers hold kernel_lock to protect against a bunch of
> races.
Or this which talks about mmap_sem:
> 4. The exception to this rule is expand_stack, which just
> takes the read lock and the page_table_lock, this is ok
> because it doesn't really modify fields anybody relies on.
expand_stack() doesn't take any locks any more directly, and the
mmap_sem acquisition was long ago moved up in to the page fault code
itself.
It could be argued that we need to rewrite this, but it is dangerous to
leave it as-is. It will confuse more people than it helps.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman