1) In tty.c the BUG_ON at line 115 will never be called, because the the
before list_del_init in this same function.
115 BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dev->list));
So move the list_del_init to rfcomm_dev_del
2) The rfcomm_dev_del could be called from diffrent path
(rfcomm_tty_hangup/rfcomm_dev_state_change/rfcomm_release_dev),
So add another BUG_ON when the rfcomm_dev_del is called more than
one time.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Finally, the zero_it argument can be completely removed from
the callers and from the function prototype.
Besides, fix the checkpatch.pl warnings about using the
assignments inside if-s.
This patch is rather big, and it is a part of the previous one.
I splitted it wishing to make the patches more readable. Hope
this particular split helped.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch does the full kthread conversion for the RFCOMM protocol. It
makes the code slightly simpler and more maintainable.
Based on a patch from Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Export the remote device address and channel of RFCOMM TTY device
via sysfs attributes. This allows udev to create better naming rules
for configured RFCOMM devices.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
This patch passes in the namespace a new socket should be created in
and has the socket code do the appropriate reference counting. By
virtue of this all socket create methods are touched. In addition
the socket create methods are modified so that they will fail if
you attempt to create a socket in a non-default network namespace.
Failing if we attempt to create a socket outside of the default
network namespace ensures that as we incrementally make the network stack
network namespace aware we will not export functionality that someone
has not audited and made certain is network namespace safe.
Allowing us to partially enable network namespaces before all of the
exotic protocols are supported.
Any protocol layers I have missed will fail to compile because I now
pass an extra parameter into the socket creation code.
[ Integrated AF_IUCV build fixes from Andrew Morton... -DaveM ]
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Adrian Bunk wrote:
> Commit 8de0a15483 added the following
> use-after-free in net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c:
>
> <-- snip -->
>
> ...
> static int rfcomm_dev_add(struct rfcomm_dev_req *req, struct rfcomm_dlc *dlc)
> {
> ...
> if (IS_ERR(dev->tty_dev)) {
> list_del(&dev->list);
> kfree(dev);
> return PTR_ERR(dev->tty_dev);
> }
> ...
>
> <-- snip -->
>
> Spotted by the Coverity checker.
really good catch. I fully overlooked that one. The attached patch
should fix it.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently, the freezer treats all tasks as freezable, except for the kernel
threads that explicitly set the PF_NOFREEZE flag for themselves. This
approach is problematic, since it requires every kernel thread to either
set PF_NOFREEZE explicitly, or call try_to_freeze(), even if it doesn't
care for the freezing of tasks at all.
It seems better to only require the kernel threads that want to or need to
be frozen to use some freezer-related code and to remove any
freezer-related code from the other (nonfreezable) kernel threads, which is
done in this patch.
The patch causes all kernel threads to be nonfreezable by default (ie. to
have PF_NOFREEZE set by default) and introduces the set_freezable()
function that should be called by the freezable kernel threads in order to
unset PF_NOFREEZE. It also makes all of the currently freezable kernel
threads call set_freezable(), so it shouldn't cause any (intentional)
change of behaviour to appear. Additionally, it updates documentation to
describe the freezing of tasks more accurately.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch changes the RFCOMM TTY release process so that the TTY is kept
on the list until it is really freed. A new device flag is used to keep
track of released TTYs.
Signed-off-by: Ville Tervo <ville.tervo@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
The core problem is that RFCOMM socket layer ioctl can release
rfcomm_dev struct while RFCOMM TTY layer is still actively using
it. Calling tty_vhangup() is needed for a synchronous hangup before
rfcomm_dev is freed.
Addresses the oops at http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=7509
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
The RFCOMM specification says that the device closing the last DLC on
a particular session is responsible for closing the multiplexer by
closing the corresponding L2CAP channel.
Signed-off-by: Ville Tervo <ville.tervo@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
If RFCOMM_RELEASE_ONHUP flag is on and rfcomm_release_dev is called
before connection is closed, rfcomm_dev is deleted twice from the
rfcomm_dev_list and refcount is messed up. This patch adds a check
before deleting device that the device actually is listed.
Signed-off-by: Ville Tervo <ville.tervo@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
The kernel provides a new convenient way to access the sockets API for
in-kernel users. It is a good idea to actually use it.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Set TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE prior to testing the flag to avoid missed wakeups.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
So that it is also an offset from skb->head, reduces its size from 8 to 4 bytes
on 64bit architectures, allowing us to combine the 4 bytes hole left by the
layer headers conversion, reducing struct sk_buff size to 256 bytes, i.e. 4
64byte cachelines, and since the sk_buff slab cache is SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN...
:-)
Many calculations that previously required that skb->{transport,network,
mac}_header be first converted to a pointer now can be done directly, being
meaningful as offsets or pointers.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
In the case of bound RFCOMM TTY devices the parent is not available
before its usage. So when opening a RFCOMM TTY device, move it to
the corresponding ACL device as a child. When closing the device,
move it back to the virtual device tree.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
When calling send() with a zero length parameter on a RFCOMM socket
it returns a positive value. In this rare case the variable err is
used uninitialized and unfortunately its value is returned.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
If the DLC device is no longer attached to the TTY device, then return
errors or default values for various callbacks of the TTY layer.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
This is the grungy swap all the occurrences in the right places patch that
goes with the updates. At this point we have the same functionality as
before (except that sgttyb() returns speeds not zero) and are ready to
begin turning new stuff on providing nobody reports lots of bugs
If you are a tty driver author converting an out of tree driver the only
impact should be termios->ktermios name changes for the speed/property
setting functions from your upper layers.
If you are implementing your own TCGETS function before then your driver
was broken already and its about to get a whole lot more painful for you so
please fix it 8)
Also fill in c_ispeed/ospeed on init for most devices, although the current
code will do this for you anyway but I'd like eventually to lose that extra
paranoia
[akpm@osdl.org: bluetooth fix]
[mp3@de.ibm.com: sclp fix]
[mp3@de.ibm.com: warning fix for tty3270]
[hugh@veritas.com: fix tty_ioctl powerpc build]
[jdike@addtoit.com: uml: fix ->set_termios declaration]
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Peschke <mp3@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If the RFCOMM session is no longer attached to the TTY device, then it
makes no sense to go through with changing the termios settings.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
The bt_proto array needs to be protected by some kind of locking to
prevent a race condition between bt_sock_create and bt_sock_register.
And in addition all calls to sk_alloc need to be made GFP_ATOMIC now.
Signed-off-by: Masatake YAMATO <jet@gyve.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederik Deweerdt <frederik.deweerdt@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
If the DLC device is no longer attached to the TTY device, then it
makes no sense to go through with changing the termios settings.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
When the connection lookup for the device structure fails, the reference
count for the HCI device needs to be decremented.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Some return values of the driver core register and create functions
are not handled and so might cause unexpected problems.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
As part of an SMP cleanliness pass over UML, I consted a bunch of
structures in order to not have to document their locking. One of these
structures was a struct tty_operations. In order to const it in UML
without introducing compiler complaints, the declaration of
tty_set_operations needs to be changed, and then all of its callers need to
be fixed.
This patch declares all struct tty_operations in the tree as const. In all
cases, they are static and used only as input to tty_set_operations. As an
extra check, I ran an i386 allyesconfig build which produced no extra
warnings.
53 drivers are affected. I checked the history of a bunch of them, and in
most cases, there have been only a handful of maintenance changes in the
last six months. serial_core.c was the busiest one that I looked at.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In case of non-blocking socket calls we should return EINPROGRESS
and not EAGAIN.
Signed-off-by: Ulisses Furquim <ulissesf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
This patch integrates the services of the Bluetooth protocols RFCOMM,
BNEP and HIDP into the driver model. This makes it possible to assign
the virtual TTY, network and input devices to a specific Bluetooth
connection.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Some Bluetooth RFCOMM implementations try to negotiate a bigger channel
MTU than we can support for a particular session. The maximum MTU for
a RFCOMM session is limited through the L2CAP layer. So if the other
side proposes a channel MTU that is bigger than the underlying L2CAP
MTU, we should reduce it to the L2CAP MTU of the session minus five
bytes for the RFCOMM headers.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
This patch adds the module parameter disable_cfc which can be used to
disable the credit based flow control. The credit based flow control
was introduced with the Bluetooth 1.1 specification and devices can
negotiate its support, but for testing purpose it is helpful to allow
disabling of it.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
This patch converts the Bluetooth class devices into real devices. The
Bluetooth class is kept and the driver core provides the appropriate
symlinks for backward compatibility.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/devfs-2.6: (22 commits)
[PATCH] devfs: Remove it from the feature_removal.txt file
[PATCH] devfs: Last little devfs cleanups throughout the kernel tree.
[PATCH] devfs: Rename TTY_DRIVER_NO_DEVFS to TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_DEV
[PATCH] devfs: Remove the tty_driver devfs_name field as it's no longer needed
[PATCH] devfs: Remove the line_driver devfs_name field as it's no longer needed
[PATCH] devfs: Remove the videodevice devfs_name field as it's no longer needed
[PATCH] devfs: Remove the gendisk devfs_name field as it's no longer needed
[PATCH] devfs: Remove the miscdevice devfs_name field as it's no longer needed
[PATCH] devfs: Remove the devfs_fs_kernel.h file from the tree
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs_remove() function from the kernel tree
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs_mk_cdev() function from the kernel tree
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs_mk_bdev() function from the kernel tree
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs_mk_symlink() function from the kernel tree
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs_mk_dir() function from the kernel tree
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs_*_tape() functions from the kernel tree
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs support from the sound subsystem
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs support from the ide subsystem.
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs support from the serial subsystem
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs from the init code
[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs from the partition code
...
Remove TTY_DONT_FLIP tty flag. This flag was introduced in 2.1.X kernels
to prevent the N_TTY line discipline functions read_chan() and
n_tty_receive_buf() from running at the same time. 2.2.15 introduced
tty->read_lock to protect access to the N_TTY read buffer, which is the
only state requiring protection between these two functions.
The current TTY_DONT_FLIP implementation is broken for SMP, and is not
universally honored by drivers that send data directly to the line
discipline receive_buf function.
Because TTY_DONT_FLIP is not necessary, is broken in implementation, and is
not universally honored, it is removed.
Signed-off-by: Paul Fulghum <paulkf@microgate.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I've always found this flag confusing. Now that devfs is no longer around, it
has been renamed, and the documentation for when this flag should be used has
been updated.
Also fixes all drivers that use this flag.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Semaphore to mutex conversion.
The conversion was generated via scripts, and the result was validated
automatically via a script as well.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch reduces the default L2CAP MTU for all RFCOMM connections
from 1024 to 1013 to improve the interoperability with some broken
RFCOMM implementations. To make this more flexible the L2CAP MTU
becomes also a module parameter and so it can changed at runtime.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
net: Use <linux/capability.h> where capable() is used.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The API and code have been through various bits of initial review by
serial driver people but they definitely need to live somewhere for a
while so the unconverted drivers can get knocked into shape, existing
drivers that have been updated can be better tuned and bugs whacked out.
This replaces the tty flip buffers with kmalloc objects in rings. In the
normal situation for an IRQ driven serial port at typical speeds the
behaviour is pretty much the same, two buffers end up allocated and the
kernel cycles between them as before.
When there are delays or at high speed we now behave far better as the
buffer pool can grow a bit rather than lose characters. This also means
that we can operate at higher speeds reliably.
For drivers that receive characters in blocks (DMA based, USB and
especially virtualisation) the layer allows a lot of driver specific
code that works around the tty layer with private secondary queues to be
removed. The IBM folks need this sort of layer, the smart serial port
people do, the virtualisers do (because a virtualised tty typically
operates at infinite speed rather than emulating 9600 baud).
Finally many drivers had invalid and unsafe attempts to avoid buffer
overflows by directly invoking tty methods extracted out of the innards
of work queue structs. These are no longer needed and all go away. That
fixes various random hangs with serial ports on overflow.
The other change in here is to optimise the receive_room path that is
used by some callers. It turns out that only one ldisc uses receive room
except asa constant and it updates it far far less than the value is
read. We thus make it a variable not a function call.
I expect the code to contain bugs due to the size alone but I'll be
watching and squashing them and feeding out new patches as it goes.
Because the buffers now dynamically expand you should only run out of
buffering when the kernel runs out of memory for real. That means a lot of
the horrible hacks high performance drivers used to do just aren't needed any
more.
Description:
tty_insert_flip_char is an old API and continues to work as before, as does
tty_flip_buffer_push() [this is why many drivers dont need modification]. It
does now also return the number of chars inserted
There are also
tty_buffer_request_room(tty, len)
which asks for a buffer block of the length requested and returns the space
found. This improves efficiency with hardware that knows how much to
transfer.
and tty_insert_flip_string_flags(tty, str, flags, len)
to insert a string of characters and flags
For a smart interface the usual code is
len = tty_request_buffer_room(tty, amount_hardware_says);
tty_insert_flip_string(tty, buffer_from_card, len);
More description!
At the moment tty buffers are attached directly to the tty. This is causing a
lot of the problems related to tty layer locking, also problems at high speed
and also with bursty data (such as occurs in virtualised environments)
I'm working on ripping out the flip buffers and replacing them with a pool of
dynamically allocated buffers. This allows both for old style "byte I/O"
devices and also helps virtualisation and smart devices where large blocks of
data suddenely materialise and need storing.
So far so good. Lots of drivers reference tty->flip.*. Several of them also
call directly and unsafely into function pointers it provides. This will all
break. Most drivers can use tty_insert_flip_char which can be kept as an API
but others need more.
At the moment I've added the following interfaces, if people think more will
be needed now is a good time to say
int tty_buffer_request_room(tty, size)
Try and ensure at least size bytes are available, returns actual room (may be
zero). At the moment it just uses the flipbuf space but that will change.
Repeated calls without characters being added are not cumulative. (ie if you
call it with 1, 1, 1, and then 4 you'll have four characters of space. The
other functions will also try and grow buffers in future but this will be a
more efficient way when you know block sizes.
int tty_insert_flip_char(tty, ch, flag)
As before insert a character if there is room. Now returns 1 for success, 0
for failure.
int tty_insert_flip_string(tty, str, len)
Insert a block of non error characters. Returns the number inserted.
int tty_prepare_flip_string(tty, strptr, len)
Adjust the buffer to allow len characters to be added. Returns a buffer
pointer in strptr and the length available. This allows for hardware that
needs to use functions like insl or mencpy_fromio.
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Fulghum <paulkf@microgate.com>
Signed-off-by: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I noticed that some of 'struct proto_ops' used in the kernel may share
a cache line used by locks or other heavily modified data. (default
linker alignement is 32 bytes, and L1_CACHE_LINE is 64 or 128 at
least)
This patch makes sure a 'struct proto_ops' can be declared as const,
so that all cpus can share all parts of it without false sharing.
This is not mandatory : a driver can still use a read/write structure
if it needs to (and eventually a __read_mostly)
I made a global stubstitute to change all existing occurences to make
them const.
This should reduce the possibility of false sharing on SMP, and
speedup some socket system calls.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch removes all relics of the /proc usage from the Bluetooth
subsystem core and its upper layers. All the previous information are
now available via /sys/class/bluetooth through appropriate functions.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch moves rfcomm_crc_table[] into the RFCOMM core, because there
is no need to keep it in a separate file.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
- added typedef unsigned int __nocast gfp_t;
- replaced __nocast uses for gfp flags with gfp_t - it gives exactly
the same warnings as far as sparse is concerned, doesn't change
generated code (from gcc point of view we replaced unsigned int with
typedef) and documents what's going on far better.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch adds additional checks to prevent RFCOMM connections be
established through the RAW socket interface.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
This patch fixes the sparse warnings "implicit cast to nocast type"
for the priority or gfp_mask parameters of the memory allocations.
Signed-off-by: Victor Fusco <victor@cetuc.puc-rio.br>
Signed-off-by: Domen Puncer <domen@coderock.org>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch implements the remote port negotiation (RPN) of the RFCOMM
protocol for Bluetooth.
Signed-off-by: J. Suter <jsuter@hardwave.de>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The RFCOMM layer does not handle properly the de-assertation
of CD signal. It should call tty_hangup() to work properly.
Signed-off-by: Timo Ters <ext-timo.teras@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The fix for the reference counting problem of the signal DLC introduced
a race condition which leads to an oops. The reason for it is not fully
understood by now and so revert this fix, because the reference counting
problem is not crashing the RFCOMM layer and its appearance it rare.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
This is part of the grand scheme to eliminate the qlen
member of skb_queue_head, and subsequently remove the
'list' member of sk_buff.
Most users of skb_queue_len() want to know if the queue is
empty or not, and that's trivially done with skb_queue_empty()
which doesn't use the skb_queue_head->qlen member and instead
uses the queue list emptyness as the test.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
A lot of places in there are including major.h for no reason whatsoever.
Removed. And yes, it still builds.
The history of that stuff is often amusing. E.g. for net/core/sock.c
the story looks so, as far as I've been able to reconstruct it: we used
to need major.h in net/socket.c circa 1.1.early. In 1.1.13 that need
had disappeared, along with register_chrdev(SOCKET_MAJOR, "socket",
&net_fops) in sock_init(). Include had not. When 1.2 -> 1.3 reorg of
net/* had moved a lot of stuff from net/socket.c to net/core/sock.c,
this crap had followed...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Dave Young