The amount of memory allocated to kernel stacks can become significant and
cause OOM conditions. However, we do not display the amount of memory
consumed by stacks.
Add code to display the amount of memory used for stacks in /proc/meminfo.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The Committed_AS field can underflow in certain situations:
> # while true; do cat /proc/meminfo | grep _AS; sleep 1; done | uniq -c
> 1 Committed_AS: 18446744073709323392 kB
> 11 Committed_AS: 18446744073709455488 kB
> 6 Committed_AS: 35136 kB
> 5 Committed_AS: 18446744073709454400 kB
> 7 Committed_AS: 35904 kB
> 3 Committed_AS: 18446744073709453248 kB
> 2 Committed_AS: 34752 kB
> 9 Committed_AS: 18446744073709453248 kB
> 8 Committed_AS: 34752 kB
> 3 Committed_AS: 18446744073709320960 kB
> 7 Committed_AS: 18446744073709454080 kB
> 3 Committed_AS: 18446744073709320960 kB
> 5 Committed_AS: 18446744073709454080 kB
> 6 Committed_AS: 18446744073709320960 kB
Because NR_CPUS can be greater than 1000 and meminfo_proc_show() does
not check for underflow.
But NR_CPUS proportional isn't good calculation. In general,
possibility of lock contention is proportional to the number of online
cpus, not theorical maximum cpus (NR_CPUS).
The current kernel has generic percpu-counter stuff. using it is right
way. it makes code simplify and percpu_counter_read_positive() don't
make underflow issue.
Reported-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Eric B Munson <ebmunson@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [All kernel versions]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix a number of issues with the per-MM VMA patch:
(1) Make mmap_pages_allocated an atomic_long_t, just in case this is used on
a NOMMU system with more than 2G pages. Makes no difference on a 32-bit
system.
(2) Report vma->vm_pgoff * PAGE_SIZE as a 64-bit value, not a 32-bit value,
lest it overflow.
(3) Move the allocation of the vm_area_struct slab back for fork.c.
(4) Use KMEM_CACHE() for both vm_area_struct and vm_region slabs.
(5) Use BUG_ON() rather than if () BUG().
(6) Make the default validate_nommu_regions() a static inline rather than a
#define.
(7) Make free_page_series()'s objection to pages with a refcount != 1 more
informative.
(8) Adjust the __put_nommu_region() banner comment to indicate that the
semaphore must be held for writing.
(9) Limit the number of warnings about munmaps of non-mmapped regions.
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make VMAs per mm_struct as for MMU-mode linux. This solves two problems:
(1) In SYSV SHM where nattch for a segment does not reflect the number of
shmat's (and forks) done.
(2) In mmap() where the VMA's vm_mm is set to point to the parent mm by an
exec'ing process when VM_EXECUTABLE is specified, regardless of the fact
that a VMA might be shared and already have its vm_mm assigned to another
process or a dead process.
A new struct (vm_region) is introduced to track a mapped region and to remember
the circumstances under which it may be shared and the vm_list_struct structure
is discarded as it's no longer required.
This patch makes the following additional changes:
(1) Regions are now allocated with alloc_pages() rather than kmalloc() and
with no recourse to __GFP_COMP, so the pages are not composite. Instead,
each page has a reference on it held by the region. Anything else that is
interested in such a page will have to get a reference on it to retain it.
When the pages are released due to unmapping, each page is passed to
put_page() and will be freed when the page usage count reaches zero.
(2) Excess pages are trimmed after an allocation as the allocation must be
made as a power-of-2 quantity of pages.
(3) VMAs are added to the parent MM's R/B tree and mmap lists. As an MM may
end up with overlapping VMAs within the tree, the VMA struct address is
appended to the sort key.
(4) Non-anonymous VMAs are now added to the backing inode's prio list.
(5) Holes may be punched in anonymous VMAs with munmap(), releasing parts of
the backing region. The VMA and region structs will be split if
necessary.
(6) sys_shmdt() only releases one attachment to a SYSV IPC shared memory
segment instead of all the attachments at that addresss. Multiple
shmat()'s return the same address under NOMMU-mode instead of different
virtual addresses as under MMU-mode.
(7) Core dumping for ELF-FDPIC requires fewer exceptions for NOMMU-mode.
(8) /proc/maps is now the global list of mapped regions, and may list bits
that aren't actually mapped anywhere.
(9) /proc/meminfo gains a line (tagged "MmapCopy") that indicates the amount
of RAM currently allocated by mmap to hold mappable regions that can't be
mapped directly. These are copies of the backing device or file if not
anonymous.
These changes make NOMMU mode more similar to MMU mode. The downside is that
NOMMU mode requires some extra memory to track things over NOMMU without this
patch (VMAs are no longer shared, and there are now region structs).
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
KOSAKI Motohiro