One of the perpetual scaling problems XFS has is indexing it's incore
inodes. We currently uses hashes and the default hash sizes chosen can
only ever be a tradeoff between memory consumption and the maximum
realistic size of the cache.
As a result, anyone who has millions of inodes cached on a filesystem
needs to tunes the size of the cache via the ihashsize mount option to
allow decent scalability with inode cache operations.
A further problem is the separate inode cluster hash, whose size is based
on the ihashsize but is smaller, and so under certain conditions (sparse
cluster cache population) this can become a limitation long before the
inode hash is causing issues.
The following patchset removes the inode hash and cluster hash and
replaces them with radix trees to avoid the scalability limitations of the
hashes. It also reduces the size of the inodes by 3 pointers....
SGI-PV: 969561
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:29481a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
Creates a new xfs_dsb_t that is __be annotated and keeps xfs_sb_t for the
incore one. xfs_xlatesb is renamed to xfs_sb_to_disk and only handles the
incore -> disk conversion. A new helper xfs_sb_from_disk handles the other
direction and doesn't need the slightly hacky table-driven approach
because we only ever read the full sb from disk.
The handling of shared r/o filesystems has been buggy on little endian
system and fixing this required shuffling around of some code in that
area.
SGI-PV: 968563
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:29477a
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
m_nreadaheads in the mount struct is never used; remove it and the various
macros assigned to it. Also remove a couple other unused macros in the
same areas.
Removes one user of xfs_physmem.
SGI-PV: 968563
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:29322a
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@sandeen.net>
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
In media spaces, video is often stored in a frame-per-file format. When
dealing with uncompressed realtime HD video streams in this format, it is
crucial that files do not get fragmented and that multiple files a placed
contiguously on disk.
When multiple streams are being ingested and played out at the same time,
it is critical that the filesystem does not cross the streams and
interleave them together as this creates seek and readahead cache miss
latency and prevents both ingest and playout from meeting frame rate
targets.
This patch set creates a "stream of files" concept into the allocator to
place all the data from a single stream contiguously on disk so that RAID
array readahead can be used effectively. Each additional stream gets
placed in different allocation groups within the filesystem, thereby
ensuring that we don't cross any streams. When an AG fills up, we select a
new AG for the stream that is not in use.
The core of the functionality is the stream tracking - each inode that we
create in a directory needs to be associated with the directories' stream.
Hence every time we create a file, we look up the directories' stream
object and associate the new file with that object.
Once we have a stream object for a file, we use the AG that the stream
object point to for allocations. If we can't allocate in that AG (e.g. it
is full) we move the entire stream to another AG. Other inodes in the same
stream are moved to the new AG on their next allocation (i.e. lazy
update).
Stream objects are kept in a cache and hold a reference on the inode.
Hence the inode cannot be reclaimed while there is an outstanding stream
reference. This means that on unlink we need to remove the stream
association and we also need to flush all the associations on certain
events that want to reclaim all unreferenced inodes (e.g. filesystem
freeze).
SGI-PV: 964469
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:29096a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Barry Naujok <bnaujok@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Donald Douwsma <donaldd@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlad Apostolov <vapo@sgi.com>
When we have a couple of hundred transactions on the fly at once, they all
typically modify the on disk superblock in some way.
create/unclink/mkdir/rmdir modify inode counts, allocation/freeing modify
free block counts.
When these counts are modified in a transaction, they must eventually lock
the superblock buffer and apply the mods. The buffer then remains locked
until the transaction is committed into the incore log buffer. The result
of this is that with enough transactions on the fly the incore superblock
buffer becomes a bottleneck.
The result of contention on the incore superblock buffer is that
transaction rates fall - the more pressure that is put on the superblock
buffer, the slower things go.
The key to removing the contention is to not require the superblock fields
in question to be locked. We do that by not marking the superblock dirty
in the transaction. IOWs, we modify the incore superblock but do not
modify the cached superblock buffer. In short, we do not log superblock
modifications to critical fields in the superblock on every transaction.
In fact we only do it just before we write the superblock to disk every
sync period or just before unmount.
This creates an interesting problem - if we don't log or write out the
fields in every transaction, then how do the values get recovered after a
crash? the answer is simple - we keep enough duplicate, logged information
in other structures that we can reconstruct the correct count after log
recovery has been performed.
It is the AGF and AGI structures that contain the duplicate information;
after recovery, we walk every AGI and AGF and sum their individual
counters to get the correct value, and we do a transaction into the log to
correct them. An optimisation of this is that if we have a clean unmount
record, we know the value in the superblock is correct, so we can avoid
the summation walk under normal conditions and so mount/recovery times do
not change under normal operation.
One wrinkle that was discovered during development was that the blocks
used in the freespace btrees are never accounted for in the AGF counters.
This was once a valid optimisation to make; when the filesystem is full,
the free space btrees are empty and consume no space. Hence when it
matters, the "accounting" is correct. But that means the when we do the
AGF summations, we would not have a correct count and xfs_check would
complain. Hence a new counter was added to track the number of blocks used
by the free space btrees. This is an *on-disk format change*.
As a result of this, lazy superblock counters are a mkfs option and at the
moment on linux there is no way to convert an old filesystem. This is
possible - xfs_db can be used to twiddle the right bits and then
xfs_repair will do the format conversion for you. Similarly, you can
convert backwards as well. At some point we'll add functionality to
xfs_admin to do the bit twiddling easily....
SGI-PV: 964999
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:28652a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
When growing a filesystem we don't check to see if the new size overflows
the page cache index range, so we can do silly things like grow a
filesystem page 16TB on a 32bit. Check new filesystem sizes against the
limits the kernel can support.
SGI-PV: 957886
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:28563a
Signed-Off-By: Nathan Scott <nscott@aconex.com>
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
After filesystem recovery the superblock is re-read to bring in any
changes. If the per-cpu superblock counters are not re-initialized from
the superblock then the next time the per-cpu counters are disabled they
might overwrite the global counter with a bogus value.
SGI-PV: 957348
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:27999a
Signed-off-by: Lachlan McIlroy <lachlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
SGI-PV: 956323
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:27940a
Signed-off-by: Kevin Jamieson <kjamieson@bycast.com>
Signed-off-by: David Chatterton <chatz@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
The block reservation mechanism has been broken since the per-cpu
superblock counters were introduced. Make the block reservation code work
with the per-cpu counters by syncing the counters, snapshotting the amount
of available space and then doing a modifcation of the counter state
according to the result. Continue in a loop until we either have no space
available or we reserve some space.
SGI-PV: 956323
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:27895a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
The free block modification code has a 32bit interface, limiting the size
the filesystem can be grown even on 64 bit machines. On 32 bit machines,
there are other 32bit variables in transaction structures and interfaces
that need to be expanded to allow this to work.
SGI-PV: 959978
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:27894a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
The existing per-cpu superblock counter code uses the global superblock
spin lock when we approach ENOSPC for global synchronisation. On larger
machines than this code was originally tested on this can still get
catastrophic spinlock contention due increasing rebalance frequency near
ENOSPC.
By introducing a sleeping lock that is used to serialise balances and
modifications near ENOSPC we prevent contention from needlessly from
wasting the CPU time of potentially hundreds of CPUs.
To reduce the number of balances occuring, we separate the need rebalance
case from the slow allocate case. Now, a counter running dry will trigger
a rebalance during which counters are disabled. Any thread that sees a
disabled counter enters a different path where it waits on the new mutex.
When it gets the new mutex, it checks if the counter is disabled. If the
counter is disabled, then we _know_ that we have to use the global counter
and lock and it is safe to do so immediately. Otherwise, we drop the mutex
and go back to trying the per-cpu counters which we know were re-enabled.
SGI-PV: 952227
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:27612a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Lachlan McIlroy <lachlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
the range spanned by modifications to the in-core extent map. Add
XFS_BUNMAPI() and XFS_SWAP_EXTENTS() macros that call xfs_bunmapi() and
xfs_swap_extents() via the ioops vector. Change all calls that may modify
the in-core extent map for the data fork to go through the ioops vector.
This allows a cache of extent map data to be kept in sync.
SGI-PV: 947615
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:209226a
Signed-off-by: Olaf Weber <olaf@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
a preēmpt counter overflow at 256p and above. Change the exclusion
mechanism to use atomic bit operations and busy wait loops to emulate the
spin lock exclusion mechanism but without the preempt count issues.
SGI-PV: 950027
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:25338a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
registering a notifier callback that listens to CPU up/down events to
modify the counters appropriately.
SGI-PV: 949726
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:25214a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
threads, the incore superblock lock becomes the limiting factor for
buffered write throughput. Make the contended fields in the incore
superblock use per-cpu counters so that there is no global lock to limit
scalability.
SGI-PV: 946630
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:25106a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
actually use it. Kill this dead code. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig
<hch@lst.de>
SGI-PV: 904196
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:25086a
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
This patch switches XFS over to use the new mutex code directly as
opposed to the previous workaround patch I posted earlier that avoided
the namespace clash by forcing it back to semaphores. This falls in the
'works for me<tm>' category.
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@trained-monkey.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
the data/attr forks now grow up/down from either end of the literal area,
rather than dividing the literal area into two chunks and growing both
upward. Means we can now make much more efficient use of the attribute
space, incl. fitting DMF attributes inline in 256 byte inodes, and large
jumps in dbench3 performance numbers. It is self enabling, but can be
forced on/off via the attr2/noattr2 mount options.
SGI-PV: 941645
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux:xfs-kern:23837a
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
filesystems to expose the filesystem stripe width in stat(2) rather than
the page cache size. This allows applications requiring high bandwidth to
easily determine the optimum I/O size for the underlying filesystem. The
default is to report the page cache size (i.e. "nolargeio").
SGI-PV: 942818
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux:xfs-kern:23830a
Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
writes. In addition flush the disk cache on fsync if the sync cached
operation didn't sync the log to disk (this requires some additional
bookeping in the transaction and log code). If the device doesn't claim to
support barriers, the filesystem has an extern log volume or the trial
superblock write with barriers enabled failed we disable barriers and
print a warning. We should probably fail the mount completely, but that
could lead to nasty boot failures for the root filesystem. Not enabled by
default yet, needs more destructive testing first.
SGI-PV: 912426
SGI-Modid: xfs-linux:xfs-kern:198723a
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
David Chinner