__split_huge_pmd_locked() must check if the cleared huge pmd was dirty,
and propagate that to PageDirty: otherwise, data may be lost when a huge
tmpfs page is modified then split then reclaimed.
How has this taken so long to be noticed? Because there was no problem
when the huge page is written by a write system call (shmem_write_end()
calls set_page_dirty()), nor when the page is allocated for a write fault
(fault_dirty_shared_page() calls set_page_dirty()); but when allocated for
a read fault (which MAP_POPULATE simulates), no set_page_dirty().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1807111741430.1106@eggly.anvils
Fixes: d21b9e57c7 ("thp: handle file pages in split_huge_pmd()")
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reported-by: Ashwin Chaugule <ashwinch@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.8+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that we can represent the location of 'deferred_list' in C instead of
comments, make use of that ability.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180518194519.3820-9-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
including:
- Extensive RST conversions and organizational work in the
memory-management docs thanks to Mike Rapoport.
- An update of Documentation/features from Andrea Parri and a script to
keep it updated.
- Various LICENSES updates from Thomas, along with a script to check SPDX
tags.
- Work to fix dangling references to documentation files; this involved a
fair number of one-liner comment changes outside of Documentation/
...and the usual list of documentation improvements, typo fixes, etc.
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Merge tag 'docs-4.18' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"There's been a fair amount of work in the docs tree this time around,
including:
- Extensive RST conversions and organizational work in the
memory-management docs thanks to Mike Rapoport.
- An update of Documentation/features from Andrea Parri and a script
to keep it updated.
- Various LICENSES updates from Thomas, along with a script to check
SPDX tags.
- Work to fix dangling references to documentation files; this
involved a fair number of one-liner comment changes outside of
Documentation/
... and the usual list of documentation improvements, typo fixes, etc"
* tag 'docs-4.18' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (103 commits)
Documentation: document hung_task_panic kernel parameter
docs/admin-guide/mm: add high level concepts overview
docs/vm: move ksm and transhuge from "user" to "internals" section.
docs: Use the kerneldoc comments for memalloc_no*()
doc: document scope NOFS, NOIO APIs
docs: update kernel versions and dates in tables
docs/vm: transhuge: split userspace bits to admin-guide/mm/transhuge
docs/vm: transhuge: minor updates
docs/vm: transhuge: change sections order
Documentation: arm: clean up Marvell Berlin family info
Documentation: gpio: driver: Fix a typo and some odd grammar
docs: ranoops.rst: fix location of ramoops.txt
scripts/documentation-file-ref-check: rewrite it in perl with auto-fix mode
docs: uio-howto.rst: use a code block to solve a warning
mm, THP, doc: Add document for thp_swpout/thp_swpout_fallback
w1: w1_io.c: fix a kernel-doc warning
Documentation/process/posting: wrap text at 80 cols
docs: admin-guide: add cgroup-v2 documentation
Revert "Documentation/features/vm: Remove arch support status file for 'pte_special'"
Documentation: refcount-vs-atomic: Update reference to LKMM doc.
...
Swapping load on huge=always tmpfs (with khugepaged tuned up to be very
eager, but I'm not sure that is relevant) soon hung uninterruptibly,
waiting for page lock in shmem_getpage_gfp()'s find_lock_entry(), most
often when "cp -a" was trying to write to a smallish file. Debug showed
that the page in question was not locked, and page->mapping NULL by now,
but page->index consistent with having been in a huge page before.
Reproduced in minutes on a 4.15 kernel, even with 4.17's 605ca5ede7
("mm/huge_memory.c: reorder operations in __split_huge_page_tail()") added
in; but took hours to reproduce on a 4.17 kernel (no idea why).
The culprit proved to be the __ClearPageDirty() on tails beyond i_size in
__split_huge_page(): the non-atomic __bitoperation may have been safe when
4.8's baa355fd33 ("thp: file pages support for split_huge_page()")
introduced it, but liable to erase PageWaiters after 4.10's 6290602709
("mm: add PageWaiters indicating tasks are waiting for a page bit").
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1805291841070.3197@eggly.anvils
Fixes: 6290602709 ("mm: add PageWaiters indicating tasks are waiting for a page bit")
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'v4.17-rc2' into docs-next
Merge -rc2 to pick up the changes to
Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst that hit mainline via the
networking tree. In their absence, subsequent patches cannot be
applied.
My testing for the latest kernel supporting thp migration showed an
infinite loop in offlining the memory block that is filled with shmem
thps. We can get out of the loop with a signal, but kernel should return
with failure in this case.
What happens in the loop is that scan_movable_pages() repeats returning
the same pfn without any progress. That's because page migration always
fails for shmem thps.
In memory offline code, memory blocks containing unmovable pages should be
prevented from being offline targets by has_unmovable_pages() inside
start_isolate_page_range(). So it's possible to change migratability for
non-anonymous thps to avoid the issue, but it introduces more complex and
thp-specific handling in migration code, so it might not good.
So this patch is suggesting to fix the issue by enabling thp migration for
shmem thp. Both of anon/shmem thp are migratable so we don't need
precheck about the type of thps.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180406030706.GA2434@hori1.linux.bs1.fc.nec.co.jp
Fixes: commit 72b39cfc4d ("mm, memory_hotplug: do not fail offlining too early")
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@sent.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mike Rapoport says:
These patches convert files in Documentation/vm to ReST format, add an
initial index and link it to the top level documentation.
There are no contents changes in the documentation, except few spelling
fixes. The relatively large diffstat stems from the indentation and
paragraph wrapping changes.
I've tried to keep the formatting as consistent as possible, but I could
miss some places that needed markup and add some markup where it was not
necessary.
[jc: significant conflicts in vm/hmm.rst]
Remove the address_space ->tree_lock and use the xa_lock newly added to
the radix_tree_root. Rename the address_space ->page_tree to ->i_pages,
since we don't really care that it's a tree.
[willy@infradead.org: fix nds32, fs/dax.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180406145415.GB20605@bombadil.infradead.orgLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313132639.17387-9-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
THP migration is hacked into the generic migration with rather
surprising semantic. The migration allocation callback is supposed to
check whether the THP can be migrated at once and if that is not the
case then it allocates a simple page to migrate. unmap_and_move then
fixes that up by spliting the THP into small pages while moving the head
page to the newly allocated order-0 page. Remaning pages are moved to
the LRU list by split_huge_page. The same happens if the THP allocation
fails. This is really ugly and error prone [1].
I also believe that split_huge_page to the LRU lists is inherently wrong
because all tail pages are not migrated. Some callers will just work
around that by retrying (e.g. memory hotplug). There are other pfn
walkers which are simply broken though. e.g. madvise_inject_error will
migrate head and then advances next pfn by the huge page size.
do_move_page_to_node_array, queue_pages_range (migrate_pages, mbind),
will simply split the THP before migration if the THP migration is not
supported then falls back to single page migration but it doesn't handle
tail pages if the THP migration path is not able to allocate a fresh THP
so we end up with ENOMEM and fail the whole migration which is a
questionable behavior. Page compaction doesn't try to migrate large
pages so it should be immune.
This patch tries to unclutter the situation by moving the special THP
handling up to the migrate_pages layer where it actually belongs. We
simply split the THP page into the existing list if unmap_and_move fails
with ENOMEM and retry. So we will _always_ migrate all THP subpages and
specific migrate_pages users do not have to deal with this case in a
special way.
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171121021855.50525-1-zi.yan@sent.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180103082555.14592-4-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Cc: Andrea Reale <ar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A THP memcg charge can trigger the oom killer since 2516035499 ("mm,
thp: remove __GFP_NORETRY from khugepaged and madvised allocations").
We have used an explicit __GFP_NORETRY previously which ruled the OOM
killer automagically.
Memcg charge path should be semantically compliant with the allocation
path and that means that if we do not trigger the OOM killer for costly
orders which should do the same in the memcg charge path as well.
Otherwise we are forcing callers to distinguish the two and use
different gfp masks which is both non-intuitive and bug prone. As soon
as we get a costly high order kmalloc user we even do not have any means
to tell the memcg specific gfp mask to prevent from OOM because the
charging is deep within guts of the slab allocator.
The unexpected memcg OOM on THP has already been fixed upstream by
9d3c3354bb ("mm, thp: do not cause memcg oom for thp") but this is a
one-off fix rather than a generic solution. Teach mem_cgroup_oom to
bail out on costly order requests to fix the THP issue as well as any
other costly OOM eligible allocations to be added in future.
Also revert 9d3c3354bb because special gfp for THP is no longer
needed.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180403193129.22146-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Fixes: 2516035499 ("mm, thp: remove __GFP_NORETRY from khugepaged and madvised allocations")
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
THP split makes non-atomic change of tail page flags. This is almost ok
because tail pages are locked and isolated but this breaks recent
changes in page locking: non-atomic operation could clear bit
PG_waiters.
As a result concurrent sequence get_page_unless_zero() -> lock_page()
might block forever. Especially if this page was truncated later.
Fix is trivial: clone flags before unfreezing page reference counter.
This race exists since commit 6290602709 ("mm: add PageWaiters
indicating tasks are waiting for a page bit") while unsave unfreeze
itself was added in commit 8df651c705 ("thp: cleanup
split_huge_page()").
clear_compound_head() also must be called before unfreezing page
reference because after successful get_page_unless_zero() might follow
put_page() which needs correct compound_head().
And replace page_ref_inc()/page_ref_add() with page_ref_unfreeze() which
is made especially for that and has semantic of smp_store_release().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151844393341.210639.13162088407980624477.stgit@buzz
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 2516035499 ("mm, thp: remove __GFP_NORETRY from khugepaged and
madvised allocations") changed the page allocator to no longer detect
thp allocations based on __GFP_NORETRY.
It did not, however, modify the mem cgroup try_charge() path to avoid
oom kill for either khugepaged collapsing or thp faulting. It is never
expected to oom kill a process to allocate a hugepage for thp; reclaim
is governed by the thp defrag mode and MADV_HUGEPAGE, but allocations
(and charging) should fallback instead of oom killing processes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803191409420.124411@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Fixes: 2516035499 ("mm, thp: remove __GFP_NORETRY from khugepaged and madvised allocations")
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
deferred_split_scan() gets called from reclaim path. Waiting for page
lock may lead to deadlock there.
Replace lock_page() with trylock_page() and skip the page if we failed
to lock it. We will get to the page on the next scan.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180315150747.31945-1-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Fixes: 9a982250f7 ("thp: introduce deferred_split_huge_page()")
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of marking the pmd ready for split, invalidate the pmd. This
should take care of powerpc requirement. Only side effect is that we
mark the pmd invalid early. This can result in us blocking access to
the page a bit longer if we race against a thp split.
[kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com: rebased, dirty THP once]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171213105756.69879-13-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <nitin.m.gupta@oracle.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use the modifed pmdp_invalidate() that returns the previous value of pmd
to transfer dirty and accessed bits.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171213105756.69879-12-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <nitin.m.gupta@oracle.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pmd_trans_splitting() was removed after THP refcounting redesign,
therefore related comment should be updated.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1512625745-59451-1-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commits 5c9d2d5c26, c7da82b894, and e7fe7b5cae.
We'll probably need to revisit this, but basically we should not
complicate the get_user_pages_fast() case, and checking the actual page
table protection key bits will require more care anyway, since the
protection keys depend on the exact state of the VM in question.
Particularly when doing a "remote" page lookup (ie in somebody elses VM,
not your own), you need to be much more careful than this was. Dave
Hansen says:
"So, the underlying bug here is that we now a get_user_pages_remote()
and then go ahead and do the p*_access_permitted() checks against the
current PKRU. This was introduced recently with the addition of the
new p??_access_permitted() calls.
We have checks in the VMA path for the "remote" gups and we avoid
consulting PKRU for them. This got missed in the pkeys selftests
because I did a ptrace read, but not a *write*. I also didn't
explicitly test it against something where a COW needed to be done"
It's also not entirely clear that it makes sense to check the protection
key bits at this level at all. But one possible eventual solution is to
make the get_user_pages_fast() case just abort if it sees protection key
bits set, which makes us fall back to the regular get_user_pages() case,
which then has a vma and can do the check there if we want to.
We'll see.
Somewhat related to this all: what we _do_ want to do some day is to
check the PAGE_USER bit - it should obviously always be set for user
pages, but it would be a good check to have back. Because we have no
generic way to test for it, we lost it as part of moving over from the
architecture-specific x86 GUP implementation to the generic one in
commit e585513b76 ("x86/mm/gup: Switch GUP to the generic
get_user_page_fast() implementation").
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Jérôme Glisse" <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mergr misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
"28 fixes"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (28 commits)
fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c: change put_page/unlock_page order in hugetlbfs_fallocate()
mm/hugetlb: fix NULL-pointer dereference on 5-level paging machine
autofs: revert "autofs: fix AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT not being honored"
autofs: revert "autofs: take more care to not update last_used on path walk"
fs/fat/inode.c: fix sb_rdonly() change
mm, memcg: fix mem_cgroup_swapout() for THPs
mm: migrate: fix an incorrect call of prep_transhuge_page()
kmemleak: add scheduling point to kmemleak_scan()
scripts/bloat-o-meter: don't fail with division by 0
fs/mbcache.c: make count_objects() more robust
Revert "mm/page-writeback.c: print a warning if the vm dirtiness settings are illogical"
mm/madvise.c: fix madvise() infinite loop under special circumstances
exec: avoid RLIMIT_STACK races with prlimit()
IB/core: disable memory registration of filesystem-dax vmas
v4l2: disable filesystem-dax mapping support
mm: fail get_vaddr_frames() for filesystem-dax mappings
mm: introduce get_user_pages_longterm
device-dax: implement ->split() to catch invalid munmap attempts
mm, hugetlbfs: introduce ->split() to vm_operations_struct
scripts/faddr2line: extend usage on generic arch
...
The 'access_permitted' helper is used in the gup-fast path and goes
beyond the simple _PAGE_RW check to also:
- validate that the mapping is writable from a protection keys
standpoint
- validate that the pte has _PAGE_USER set since all fault paths where
pmd_write is must be referencing user-memory.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151043111049.2842.15241454964150083466.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Jérôme Glisse" <jglisse@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The 'access_permitted' helper is used in the gup-fast path and goes
beyond the simple _PAGE_RW check to also:
- validate that the mapping is writable from a protection keys
standpoint
- validate that the pte has _PAGE_USER set since all fault paths where
pud_write is must be referencing user-memory.
[dan.j.williams@intel.com: fix powerpc compile error]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151129127237.37405.16073414520854722485.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151043110453.2842.2166049702068628177.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 152e93af3c.
It was a nice cleanup in theory, but as Nicolai Stange points out, we do
need to make the page dirty for the copy-on-write case even when we
didn't end up making it writable, since the dirty bit is what we use to
check that we've gone through a COW cycle.
Reported-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we make page table entries dirty all the time regardless of
access type and don't even consider if the mapping is write-protected.
The reasoning is that we don't really need dirty tracking on THP and
making the entry dirty upfront may save some time on first write to the
page.
Unfortunately, such approach may result in false-positive
can_follow_write_pmd() for huge zero page or read-only shmem file.
Let's only make page dirty only if we about to write to the page anyway
(as we do for small pages).
I've restructured the code to make entry dirty inside
maybe_p[mu]d_mkwrite(). It also takes into account if the vma is
write-protected.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, we unconditionally make page table dirty in touch_pmd().
It may result in false-positive can_follow_write_pmd().
We may avoid the situation, if we would only make the page table entry
dirty if caller asks for write access -- FOLL_WRITE.
The patch also changes touch_pud() in the same way.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, we account page tables separately for each page table level,
but that's redundant -- we only make use of total memory allocated to
page tables for oom_badness calculation. We also provide the
information to userspace, but it has dubious value there too.
This patch switches page table accounting to single counter.
mm->pgtables_bytes is now used to account all page table levels. We use
bytes, because page table size for different levels of page table tree
may be different.
The change has user-visible effect: we don't have VmPMD and VmPUD
reported in /proc/[pid]/status. Not sure if anybody uses them. (As
alternative, we can always report 0 kB for them.)
OOM-killer report is also slightly changed: we now report pgtables_bytes
instead of nr_ptes, nr_pmd, nr_puds.
Apart from reducing number of counters per-mm, the benefit is that we
now calculate oom_badness() more correctly for machines which have
different size of page tables depending on level or where page tables
are less than a page in size.
The only downside can be debuggability because we do not know which page
table level could leak. But I do not remember many bugs that would be
caught by separate counters so I wouldn't lose sleep over this.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/huge_memory.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171006100651.44742-2-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
[kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171016150113.ikfxy3e7zzfvsr4w@black.fi.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Let's add wrappers for ->nr_ptes with the same interface as for nr_pmd
and nr_pud.
The patch also makes nr_ptes accounting dependent onto CONFIG_MMU. Page
table accounting doesn't make sense if you don't have page tables.
It's preparation for consolidation of page-table counters in mm_struct.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171006100651.44742-1-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is an optimization patch that only affect mmu_notifier users which
rely on the invalidate_range() callback. This patch avoids calling that
callback twice in a row from inside __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end
Existing pattern (before this patch):
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
pte/pmd/pud_clear_flush_notify()
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range()
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end()
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range()
New pattern (after this patch):
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
pte/pmd/pud_clear_flush_notify()
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range()
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_only_end()
We call the invalidate_range callback after clearing the page table
under the page table lock and we skip the call to invalidate_range
inside the __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end() function.
Idea from Andrea Arcangeli
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171017031003.7481-3-jglisse@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <suravee.suthikulpanit@amd.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Alistair Popple <alistair@popple.id.au>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Andrew Donnellan <andrew.donnellan@au1.ibm.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch only affects users of mmu_notifier->invalidate_range callback
which are device drivers related to ATS/PASID, CAPI, IOMMUv2, SVM ...
and it is an optimization for those users. Everyone else is unaffected
by it.
When clearing a pte/pmd we are given a choice to notify the event under
the page table lock (notify version of *_clear_flush helpers do call the
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range). But that notification is not necessary
in all cases.
This patch removes almost all cases where it is useless to have a call
to mmu_notifier_invalidate_range before
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end. It also adds documentation in all
those cases explaining why.
Below is a more in depth analysis of why this is fine to do this:
For secondary TLB (non CPU TLB) like IOMMU TLB or device TLB (when
device use thing like ATS/PASID to get the IOMMU to walk the CPU page
table to access a process virtual address space). There is only 2 cases
when you need to notify those secondary TLB while holding page table
lock when clearing a pte/pmd:
A) page backing address is free before mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end
B) a page table entry is updated to point to a new page (COW, write fault
on zero page, __replace_page(), ...)
Case A is obvious you do not want to take the risk for the device to write
to a page that might now be used by something completely different.
Case B is more subtle. For correctness it requires the following sequence
to happen:
- take page table lock
- clear page table entry and notify (pmd/pte_huge_clear_flush_notify())
- set page table entry to point to new page
If clearing the page table entry is not followed by a notify before setting
the new pte/pmd value then you can break memory model like C11 or C++11 for
the device.
Consider the following scenario (device use a feature similar to ATS/
PASID):
Two address addrA and addrB such that |addrA - addrB| >= PAGE_SIZE we
assume they are write protected for COW (other case of B apply too).
[Time N] -----------------------------------------------------------------
CPU-thread-0 {try to write to addrA}
CPU-thread-1 {try to write to addrB}
CPU-thread-2 {}
CPU-thread-3 {}
DEV-thread-0 {read addrA and populate device TLB}
DEV-thread-2 {read addrB and populate device TLB}
[Time N+1] ---------------------------------------------------------------
CPU-thread-0 {COW_step0: {mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(addrA)}}
CPU-thread-1 {COW_step0: {mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(addrB)}}
CPU-thread-2 {}
CPU-thread-3 {}
DEV-thread-0 {}
DEV-thread-2 {}
[Time N+2] ---------------------------------------------------------------
CPU-thread-0 {COW_step1: {update page table point to new page for addrA}}
CPU-thread-1 {COW_step1: {update page table point to new page for addrB}}
CPU-thread-2 {}
CPU-thread-3 {}
DEV-thread-0 {}
DEV-thread-2 {}
[Time N+3] ---------------------------------------------------------------
CPU-thread-0 {preempted}
CPU-thread-1 {preempted}
CPU-thread-2 {write to addrA which is a write to new page}
CPU-thread-3 {}
DEV-thread-0 {}
DEV-thread-2 {}
[Time N+3] ---------------------------------------------------------------
CPU-thread-0 {preempted}
CPU-thread-1 {preempted}
CPU-thread-2 {}
CPU-thread-3 {write to addrB which is a write to new page}
DEV-thread-0 {}
DEV-thread-2 {}
[Time N+4] ---------------------------------------------------------------
CPU-thread-0 {preempted}
CPU-thread-1 {COW_step3: {mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(addrB)}}
CPU-thread-2 {}
CPU-thread-3 {}
DEV-thread-0 {}
DEV-thread-2 {}
[Time N+5] ---------------------------------------------------------------
CPU-thread-0 {preempted}
CPU-thread-1 {}
CPU-thread-2 {}
CPU-thread-3 {}
DEV-thread-0 {read addrA from old page}
DEV-thread-2 {read addrB from new page}
So here because at time N+2 the clear page table entry was not pair with a
notification to invalidate the secondary TLB, the device see the new value
for addrB before seing the new value for addrA. This break total memory
ordering for the device.
When changing a pte to write protect or to point to a new write protected
page with same content (KSM) it is ok to delay invalidate_range callback
to mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end() outside the page table lock. This
is true even if the thread doing page table update is preempted right
after releasing page table lock before calling
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end
Thanks to Andrea for thinking of a problematic scenario for COW.
[jglisse@redhat.com: v2]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171017031003.7481-2-jglisse@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170901173011.10745-1-jglisse@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <suravee.suthikulpanit@amd.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Alistair Popple <alistair@popple.id.au>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Andrew Donnellan <andrew.donnellan@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need to deposit pre-allocated PTE page table when a PMD migration
entry is copied in copy_huge_pmd(). Otherwise, we will leak the
pre-allocated page and cause a NULL pointer dereference later in
zap_huge_pmd().
The missing counters during PMD migration entry copy process are added
as well.
The bug report is here: https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/10/29/214
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171030144636.4836-1-zi.yan@sent.com
Fixes: 84c3fc4e9c ("mm: thp: check pmd migration entry in common path")
Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Please do not apply this to mainline directly, instead please re-run the
coccinelle script shown below and apply its output.
For several reasons, it is desirable to use {READ,WRITE}_ONCE() in
preference to ACCESS_ONCE(), and new code is expected to use one of the
former. So far, there's been no reason to change most existing uses of
ACCESS_ONCE(), as these aren't harmful, and changing them results in
churn.
However, for some features, the read/write distinction is critical to
correct operation. To distinguish these cases, separate read/write
accessors must be used. This patch migrates (most) remaining
ACCESS_ONCE() instances to {READ,WRITE}_ONCE(), using the following
coccinelle script:
----
// Convert trivial ACCESS_ONCE() uses to equivalent READ_ONCE() and
// WRITE_ONCE()
// $ make coccicheck COCCI=/home/mark/once.cocci SPFLAGS="--include-headers" MODE=patch
virtual patch
@ depends on patch @
expression E1, E2;
@@
- ACCESS_ONCE(E1) = E2
+ WRITE_ONCE(E1, E2)
@ depends on patch @
expression E;
@@
- ACCESS_ONCE(E)
+ READ_ONCE(E)
----
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: davem@davemloft.net
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: mpe@ellerman.id.au
Cc: shuah@kernel.org
Cc: snitzer@redhat.com
Cc: thor.thayer@linux.intel.com
Cc: tj@kernel.org
Cc: viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk
Cc: will.deacon@arm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508792849-3115-19-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch fixes up some grammar and spelling in the information block for
huge_memory.c.
Signed-off-by: Michael DeGuzis <mdeguzis@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Soft dirty bit is designed to keep tracked over page migration. This
patch makes it work in the same manner for thp migration too.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When THP migration is being used, memory management code needs to handle
pmd migration entries properly. This patch uses !pmd_present() or
is_swap_pmd() (depending on whether pmd_none() needs separate code or
not) to check pmd migration entries at the places where a pmd entry is
present.
Since pmd-related code uses split_huge_page(), split_huge_pmd(),
pmd_trans_huge(), pmd_trans_unstable(), or
pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(), this patch:
1. adds pmd migration entry split code in split_huge_pmd(),
2. takes care of pmd migration entries whenever pmd_trans_huge() is present,
3. makes pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() pmd migration entry aware.
Since split_huge_page() uses split_huge_pmd() and pmd_trans_unstable()
is equivalent to pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(), we do not change
them.
Until this commit, a pmd entry should be:
1. pointing to a pte page,
2. is_swap_pmd(),
3. pmd_trans_huge(),
4. pmd_devmap(), or
5. pmd_none().
Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add thp migration's core code, including conversions between a PMD entry
and a swap entry, setting PMD migration entry, removing PMD migration
entry, and waiting on PMD migration entries.
This patch makes it possible to support thp migration. If you fail to
allocate a destination page as a thp, you just split the source thp as
we do now, and then enter the normal page migration. If you succeed to
allocate destination thp, you enter thp migration. Subsequent patches
actually enable thp migration for each caller of page migration by
allowing its get_new_page() callback to allocate thps.
[zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu: fix gcc-4.9.0 -Wmissing-braces warning]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/A0ABA698-7486-46C3-B209-E95A9048B22C@cs.rutgers.edu
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix x86_64 allnoconfig warning]
Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
TTU_MIGRATION is used to convert pte into migration entry until thp
split completes. This behavior conflicts with thp migration added later
patches, so let's introduce a new TTU flag specifically for freezing.
try_to_unmap() is used both for thp split (via freeze_page()) and page
migration (via __unmap_and_move()). In freeze_page(), ttu_flag given
for head page is like below (assuming anonymous thp):
(TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK | TTU_IGNORE_ACCESS | TTU_RMAP_LOCKED | \
TTU_MIGRATION | TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD)
and ttu_flag given for tail pages is:
(TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK | TTU_IGNORE_ACCESS | TTU_RMAP_LOCKED | \
TTU_MIGRATION)
__unmap_and_move() calls try_to_unmap() with ttu_flag:
(TTU_MIGRATION | TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK | TTU_IGNORE_ACCESS)
Now I'm trying to insert a branch for thp migration at the top of
try_to_unmap_one() like below
static int try_to_unmap_one(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, void *arg)
{
...
/* PMD-mapped THP migration entry */
if (!pvmw.pte && (flags & TTU_MIGRATION)) {
if (!PageAnon(page))
continue;
set_pmd_migration_entry(&pvmw, page);
continue;
}
...
}
so try_to_unmap() for tail pages called by thp split can go into thp
migration code path (which converts *pmd* into migration entry), while
the expectation is to freeze thp (which converts *pte* into migration
entry.)
I detected this failure as a "bad page state" error in a testcase where
split_huge_page() is called from queue_pages_pte_range().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170717193955.20207-4-zi.yan@sent.com
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Huge page helps to reduce TLB miss rate, but it has higher cache
footprint, sometimes this may cause some issue. For example, when
clearing huge page on x86_64 platform, the cache footprint is 2M. But
on a Xeon E5 v3 2699 CPU, there are 18 cores, 36 threads, and only 45M
LLC (last level cache). That is, in average, there are 2.5M LLC for
each core and 1.25M LLC for each thread.
If the cache pressure is heavy when clearing the huge page, and we clear
the huge page from the begin to the end, it is possible that the begin
of huge page is evicted from the cache after we finishing clearing the
end of the huge page. And it is possible for the application to access
the begin of the huge page after clearing the huge page.
To help the above situation, in this patch, when we clear a huge page,
the order to clear sub-pages is changed. In quite some situation, we
can get the address that the application will access after we clear the
huge page, for example, in a page fault handler. Instead of clearing
the huge page from begin to end, we will clear the sub-pages farthest
from the the sub-page to access firstly, and clear the sub-page to
access last. This will make the sub-page to access most cache-hot and
sub-pages around it more cache-hot too. If we cannot know the address
the application will access, the begin of the huge page is assumed to be
the the address the application will access.
With this patch, the throughput increases ~28.3% in vm-scalability
anon-w-seq test case with 72 processes on a 2 socket Xeon E5 v3 2699
system (36 cores, 72 threads). The test case creates 72 processes, each
process mmap a big anonymous memory area and writes to it from the begin
to the end. For each process, other processes could be seen as other
workload which generates heavy cache pressure. At the same time, the
cache miss rate reduced from ~33.4% to ~31.7%, the IPC (instruction per
cycle) increased from 0.56 to 0.74, and the time spent in user space is
reduced ~7.9%
Christopher Lameter suggests to clear bytes inside a sub-page from end
to begin too. But tests show no visible performance difference in the
tests. May because the size of page is small compared with the cache
size.
Thanks Andi Kleen to propose to use address to access to determine the
order of sub-pages to clear.
The hugetlbfs access address could be improved, will do that in another
patch.
[ying.huang@intel.com: improve readability of clear_huge_page()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170830051842.1397-1-ying.huang@intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170815014618.15842-1-ying.huang@intel.com
Suggested-by: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Nadia Yvette Chambers <nyc@holomorphy.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After adding swapping out support for THP (Transparent Huge Page), it is
possible that a THP in swap cache (partly swapped out) need to be split.
To split such a THP, the swap cluster backing the THP need to be split
too, that is, the CLUSTER_FLAG_HUGE flag need to be cleared for the swap
cluster. The patch implemented this.
And because the THP swap writing needs the THP keeps as huge page during
writing. The PageWriteback flag is checked before splitting.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-8-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@intel.com> [for brd.c, zram_drv.c, pmem.c]
Cc: Vishal L Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After supporting to delay THP (Transparent Huge Page) splitting after
swapped out, it is possible that some page table mappings of the THP are
turned into swap entries. So reuse_swap_page() need to check the swap
count in addition to the map count as before. This patch done that.
In the huge PMD write protect fault handler, in addition to the page map
count, the swap count need to be checked too, so the page lock need to
be acquired too when calling reuse_swap_page() in addition to the page
table lock.
[ying.huang@intel.com: silence a compiler warning]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87bmnzizjy.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-4-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@intel.com> [for brd.c, zram_drv.c, pmem.c]
Cc: Vishal L Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
attribute_group are not supposed to change at runtime. All functions
working with attribute_group provided by <linux/sysfs.h> work with const
attribute_group. So mark the non-const structs as const.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501157240-3876-1-git-send-email-arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arvind Yadav <arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Wenwei Tao has noticed that our current assumption that the oom victim
is dying and never doing any visible changes after it dies, and so the
oom_reaper can tear it down, is not entirely true.
__task_will_free_mem consider a task dying when SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT is set
but do_group_exit sends SIGKILL to all threads _after_ the flag is set.
So there is a race window when some threads won't have
fatal_signal_pending while the oom_reaper could start unmapping the
address space. Moreover some paths might not check for fatal signals
before each PF/g-u-p/copy_from_user.
We already have a protection for oom_reaper vs. PF races by checking
MMF_UNSTABLE. This has been, however, checked only for kernel threads
(use_mm users) which can outlive the oom victim. A simple fix would be
to extend the current check in handle_mm_fault for all tasks but that
wouldn't be sufficient because the current check assumes that a kernel
thread would bail out after EFAULT from get_user*/copy_from_user and
never re-read the same address which would succeed because the PF path
has established page tables already. This seems to be the case for the
only existing use_mm user currently (virtio driver) but it is rather
fragile in general.
This is even more fragile in general for more complex paths such as
generic_perform_write which can re-read the same address more times
(e.g. iov_iter_copy_from_user_atomic to fail and then
iov_iter_fault_in_readable on retry).
Therefore we have to implement MMF_UNSTABLE protection in a robust way
and never make a potentially corrupted content visible. That requires
to hook deeper into the PF path and check for the flag _every time_
before a pte for anonymous memory is established (that means all
!VM_SHARED mappings).
The corruption can be triggered artificially
(http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201708040646.v746kkhC024636@www262.sakura.ne.jp)
but there doesn't seem to be any real life bug report. The race window
should be quite tight to trigger most of the time.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170807113839.16695-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Fixes: aac4536355 ("mm, oom: introduce oom reaper")
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Wenwei Tao <wenwei.tww@alibaba-inc.com>
Tested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andrea Argangeli <andrea@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge commit:
040cca3ab2 ("Merge branch 'linus' into locking/core, to resolve conflicts")
overlooked the fact that do_huge_pmd_numa_page() now does two TLB
flushes. Commit:
8b1b436dd1 ("mm, locking: Rework {set,clear,mm}_tlb_flush_pending()")
and commit:
a9b802500e ("Revert "mm: numa: defer TLB flush for THP migration as long as possible"")
Both moved the TLB flush around but slightly different, the end result
being that what was one became two.
Clean this up.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Conflicts:
include/linux/mm_types.h
mm/huge_memory.c
I removed the smp_mb__before_spinlock() like the following commit does:
8b1b436dd1 ("mm, locking: Rework {set,clear,mm}_tlb_flush_pending()")
and fixed up the affected commits.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
While deferring TLB flushes is a good practice, the reverted patch
caused pending TLB flushes to be checked while the page-table lock is
not taken. As a result, in architectures with weak memory model (PPC),
Linux may miss a memory-barrier, miss the fact TLB flushes are pending,
and cause (in theory) a memory corruption.
Since the alternative of using smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() was
considered a bit open-coded, and the performance impact is expected to
be small, the previous patch is reverted.
This reverts b0943d61b8 ("mm: numa: defer TLB flush for THP migration
as long as possible").
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-4-namit@vmware.com
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit:
af2c1401e6 ("mm: numa: guarantee that tlb_flush_pending updates are visible before page table updates")
added smp_mb__before_spinlock() to set_tlb_flush_pending(). I think we
can solve the same problem without this barrier.
If instead we mandate that mm_tlb_flush_pending() is used while
holding the PTL we're guaranteed to observe prior
set_tlb_flush_pending() instances.
For this to work we need to rework migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page()
a little and move the test up into do_huge_pmd_numa_page().
NOTE: this relies on flush_tlb_range() to guarantee:
(1) it ensures that prior page table updates are visible to the
page table walker and
(2) it ensures that subsequent memory accesses are only made
visible after the invalidation has completed
This is required for architectures that implement TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
(arc, arm, arm64, mips, powerpc, s390, sparc, x86) or otherwise use
mm_tlb_flush_pending() in their page-table operations (arm, arm64,
x86).
This appears true for:
- arm (DSB ISB before and after),
- arm64 (DSB ISHST before, and DSB ISH after),
- powerpc (PTESYNC before and after),
- s390 and x86 TLB invalidate are serializing instructions
But I failed to understand the situation for:
- arc, mips, sparc
Now SPARC64 is a wee bit special in that flush_tlb_range() is a no-op
and it flushes the TLBs using arch_{enter,leave}_lazy_mmu_mode()
inside the PTL. It still needs to guarantee the PTL unlock happens
_after_ the invalidate completes.
Vineet, Ralf and Dave could you guys please have a look?
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
To swap out THP (Transparent Huage Page), before splitting the THP, the
swap cluster will be allocated and the THP will be added into the swap
cache. But it is possible that the THP cannot be split, so that we must
delete the THP from the swap cache and free the swap cluster. To avoid
that, in this patch, whether the THP can be split is checked firstly.
The check can only be done racy, but it is good enough for most cases.
With the patch, the swap out throughput improves 3.6% (from about
4.16GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
with 8 processes. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap
device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test
the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which
sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and
part of the swap device is used up.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-5-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for can_split_huge_page()]
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out", v11.
This patchset is to optimize the performance of Transparent Huge Page
(THP) swap.
Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that
we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do
page swap out even on a high-end server machine. Because the
performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single
logical CPU. And it seems that the trend will not change in the near
future. On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular
because of increased memory size. So it becomes necessary to optimize
THP swap performance.
The advantages of the THP swap support include:
- Batch the swap operations for the THP to reduce lock
acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space,
adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap
space, etc. This will help improve the performance of the THP swap.
- The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO. It is
particularly helpful for the swap read, which are usually 4k random
IO. This will improve the performance of the THP swap too.
- It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is
heavily used by the applications. The 2M continuous pages will be
free up after THP swapping out.
- It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap
turned on. Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal
pages into the THP is quite slow. After the THP is split during the
swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to
collapse back into the THP after being swapped in. The high THP
utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management
too.
There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible
enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on
the storage device. To deal with that, the THP swap in should be turned
on only when necessary. For example, it can be selected via
"always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off
globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc.
This patchset is the first step for the THP swap support. The plan is
to delay splitting THP step by step, finally avoid splitting THP during
the THP swapping out and swap out/in the THP as a whole.
As the first step, in this patchset, the splitting huge page is delayed
from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap
space for the THP and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will
reduce lock acquiring/releasing for the locks used for the swap cache
management.
With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 15.5% (from about
3.73GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
with 8 processes. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap
device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test
the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which
sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and
part of the swap device is used up.
This patch (of 5):
In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step
of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP
(Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache. This
will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out
throughput.
This is the first step for the THP swap optimization. The plan is to
delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP
finally.
In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each THP
swapped out. So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that of the
THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512). For other
architectures which want such THP swap optimization,
ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file for
the architecture. In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size by 2
times on x86_64. Which may make it harder to find a free cluster when
the swap space becomes fragmented. So that, this may reduce the
continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory. The
performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this.
In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the swapped
out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the
swap_cluster_info data structure.
The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support charge
or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole.
The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a
swap cluster for a THP. A fair simple algorithm is used for swap
cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority list
will be tried to allocate the swap cluster. The function will fail if
the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to allocate a
single swap slot instead. This works good enough for normal cases. If
the difference of the number of the free swap clusters among multiple
swap devices is significant, it is possible that some THPs are split
earlier than necessary. For example, this could be caused by big size
difference among multiple swap devices.
The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from
the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages. This may be
enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree. But because we will
split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't make
much sense for this first step.
The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in swap
cache during swapping out. The page lock will be held during allocating
the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and splitting the
THP. So in the code path other than swapping out, if the THP need to be
split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false.
The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap optimization
in this patchset has no effect for HDD.
[ying.huang@intel.com: fix two issues in THP optimize patch]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87k25ed8zo.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-2-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> [for config option]
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h]
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hugh Dickins