The hand-coded assembler 64-bit copy routines include feature sections
that select one code path or another depending on which CPU we are
executing on. The self-tests for these copy routines end up testing
just one path. This adds a mechanism for selecting any desired code
path at compile time, and makes 2 or 3 versions of each test, each
using a different code path, so as to cover all the possible paths.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
[mpe: Add -mcpu=power4 to CFLAGS for older compilers]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Rather than override the machine type in .S code (which can hide wrong
or ambiguous code generation for the target), set the type to power4
for all assembly.
This also means we need to be careful not to build power4-only code
when we're not building for Book3S, such as the "power7" versions of
copyuser/page/memcpy.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Fix Book3E build, don't build the "power7" variants for non-Book3S]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
binutils >= 2.26 now warns about misuse of register expressions in
assembler operands that are actually literals, for example:
arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S:535: Warning: invalid register expression
In practice these are almost all uses of r0 that should just be a
literal 0.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
[mpe: Mention r0 is almost always the culprit, fold in purgatory change]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Experiments with the netperf benchmark indicated that the size selecting
VMX-based copies in __copy_tofrom_user_power7() was suboptimal on POWER8.
Measurements showed that parity was in the neighbourhood of 3328 bytes,
rather than greater than 4096. The change gives a 1.5-2.0% improvement in
performance for 4096-byte buffers, reducing the relative time spent in
__copy_tofrom_user_power7() from approximately 7% to approximately 5% in
the TCP_RR benchmark.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jeffery <andrew@aj.id.au>
Acked-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This macro is taken from s390, and allows more flexibility in
changing exception table format.
mpe: Put it in ppc_asm.h and only define one version using
stringinfy_in_c(). Add some empty definitions and headers to keep the
selftests happy.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
As our various loops (copy, string, crypto etc) get more complicated,
we want to share implementations between userspace (eg glibc) and
the kernel. We also want to write userspace test harnesses to put
in tools/testing/selftest.
One gratuitous difference between userspace and the kernel is the
VMX register definitions - the kernel uses vrX whereas both gcc and
glibc use vX.
Change the kernel to match userspace.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Some of the assembler files in lib/ make use of the fact that in the
ELFv1 ABI, the caller guarantees to provide stack space to save the
parameter registers r3 ... r10. This guarantee is no longer present
in ELFv2 for functions that have no variable argument list and no
more than 8 arguments.
Change the affected routines to temporarily store registers in the
red zone and/or the top of their own stack frame (in the space
provided to save r31 .. r29, which is actually not used in these
routines).
In opal_query_takeover, simply always allocate a stack frame;
the routine is not performance critical.
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Weigand <ulrich.weigand@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
binutils is smart enough to know that a branch to a function
descriptor is actually a branch to the functions text address.
Alan tells me that binutils has been doing this for 9 years.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Fix the permute loops for little endian.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
No code changes, just documenting what's happening a little better.
Signed-off-by: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
The enhanced prefetch hint patches corrupt the condition register
that was used to check if we are in interrupt. Fix this by using cr1.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
"powerpc: Use enhanced touch instructions in POWER7
copy_to_user/copy_from_user" was applied twice. Remove one.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Merge the defines of STACKFRAMESIZE, STK_REG, STK_PARAM from different
places.
Signed-off-by: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Anything that uses a constructed instruction (ie. from ppc-opcode.h),
need to use the new R0 macro, as %r0 is not going to work.
Also convert usages of macros where we are just determining an offset
(usually for a load/store), like:
std r14,STK_REG(r14)(r1)
Can't use STK_REG(r14) as %r14 doesn't work in the STK_REG macro since
it's just calculating an offset.
Signed-off-by: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Version 2.06 of the POWER ISA introduced enhanced touch instructions,
allowing us to specify a number of attributes including the length of
a stream.
This patch adds a software stream for both loads and stores in the
POWER7 copy_tofrom_user loop. Since the setup is quite complicated
and we have to use an eieio to ensure correct ordering of the "GO"
command we only do this for copies above 4kB.
To quantify any performance improvements we need a working set
bigger than the caches so we operate on a 1GB file:
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/foo bs=1M count=1024
And we compare how fast we can read the file:
# dd if=/tmp/foo of=/dev/null bs=1M
before: 7.7 GB/s
after: 9.6 GB/s
A 25% improvement.
The worst case for this patch will be a completely L1 cache contained
copy of just over 4kB. We can test this with the copy_to_user
testcase we used to tune copy_tofrom_user originally:
http://ozlabs.org/~anton/junkcode/copy_to_user.c
# time ./copy_to_user2 -l 4224 -i 10000000
before: 6.807 s
after: 6.946 s
A 2% slowdown, which seems reasonable considering our data is unlikely
to be completely L1 contained.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Subsequent patches will add more VMX library functions and it makes
sense to keep all the c-code helper functions in the one file.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Version 2.06 of the POWER ISA introduced enhanced touch instructions,
allowing us to specify a number of attributes including the length of
a stream.
This patch adds a software stream for both loads and stores in the
POWER7 copy_tofrom_user loop. Since the setup is quite complicated
and we have to use an eieio to ensure correct ordering of the "GO"
command we only do this for copies above 4kB.
To quantify any performance improvements we need a working set
bigger than the caches so we operate on a 1GB file:
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/foo bs=1M count=1024
And we compare how fast we can read the file:
# dd if=/tmp/foo of=/dev/null bs=1M
before: 7.7 GB/s
after: 9.6 GB/s
A 25% improvement.
The worst case for this patch will be a completely L1 cache contained
copy of just over 4kB. We can test this with the copy_to_user
testcase we used to tune copy_tofrom_user originally:
http://ozlabs.org/~anton/junkcode/copy_to_user.c
# time ./copy_to_user2 -l 4224 -i 10000000
before: 6.807 s
after: 6.946 s
A 2% slowdown, which seems reasonable considering our data is unlikely
to be completely L1 contained.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Implement a POWER7 optimised copy_to_user/copy_from_user using VMX.
For large aligned copies this new loop is over 10% faster, and for
large unaligned copies it is over 200% faster.
If we take a fault we fall back to the old version, this keeps
things relatively simple and easy to verify.
On POWER7 unaligned stores rarely slow down - they only flush when
a store crosses a 4KB page boundary. Furthermore this flush is
handled completely in hardware and should be 20-30 cycles.
Unaligned loads on the other hand flush much more often - whenever
crossing a 128 byte cache line, or a 32 byte sector if either sector
is an L1 miss.
Considering this information we really want to get the loads aligned
and not worry about the alignment of the stores. Microbenchmarks
confirm that this approach is much faster than the current unaligned
copy loop that uses shifts and rotates to ensure both loads and
stores are aligned.
We also want to try and do the stores in cacheline aligned, cacheline
sized chunks. If the store queue is unable to merge an entire
cacheline of stores then the L2 cache will have to do a
read/modify/write. Even worse, we will serialise this with the stores
in the next iteration of the copy loop since both iterations hit
the same cacheline.
Based on this, the new loop does the following things:
1 - 127 bytes
Get the source 8 byte aligned and use 8 byte loads and stores. Pretty
boring and similar to how the current loop works.
128 - 4095 bytes
Get the source 8 byte aligned and use 8 byte loads and stores,
1 cacheline at a time. We aren't doing the stores in cacheline
aligned chunks so we will potentially serialise once per cacheline.
Even so it is much better than the loop we have today.
4096 - bytes
If both source and destination have the same alignment get them both
16 byte aligned, then get the destination cacheline aligned. Do
cacheline sized loads and stores using VMX.
If source and destination do not have the same alignment, we get the
destination cacheline aligned, and use permute to do aligned loads.
In both cases the VMX loop should be optimal - we always do aligned
loads and stores and are always doing stores in cacheline aligned,
cacheline sized chunks.
To be able to use VMX we must be careful about interrupts and
sleeping. We don't use the VMX loop when in an interrupt (which should
be rare anyway) and we wrap the VMX loop in disable/enable_pagefault
and fall back to the existing copy_tofrom_user loop if we do need to
sleep.
The VMX breakpoint of 4096 bytes was chosen using this microbenchmark:
http://ozlabs.org/~anton/junkcode/copy_to_user.c
Since we are using VMX and there is a cost to saving and restoring
the user VMX state there are two broad cases we need to benchmark:
- Best case - userspace never uses VMX
- Worst case - userspace always uses VMX
In reality a userspace process will sit somewhere between these two
extremes. Since we need to test both aligned and unaligned copies we
end up with 4 combinations. The point at which the VMX loop begins to
win is:
0% VMX
aligned 2048 bytes
unaligned 2048 bytes
100% VMX
aligned 16384 bytes
unaligned 8192 bytes
Considering this is a microbenchmark, the data is hot in cache and
the VMX loop has better store queue merging properties we set the
breakpoint to 4096 bytes, a little below the unaligned breakpoints.
Some future optimisations we can look at:
- Looking at the perf data, a significant part of the cost when a
task is always using VMX is the extra exception we take to restore
the VMX state. As such we should do something similar to the x86
optimisation that restores FPU state for heavy users. ie:
/*
* If the task has used fpu the last 5 timeslices, just do a full
* restore of the math state immediately to avoid the trap; the
* chances of needing FPU soon are obviously high now
*/
preload_fpu = tsk_used_math(next_p) && next_p->fpu_counter > 5;
and
/*
* fpu_counter contains the number of consecutive context switches
* that the FPU is used. If this is over a threshold, the lazy fpu
* saving becomes unlazy to save the trap. This is an unsigned char
* so that after 256 times the counter wraps and the behavior turns
* lazy again; this to deal with bursty apps that only use FPU for
* a short time
*/
- We could create a paca bit to mirror the VMX enabled MSR bit and check
that first, avoiding multiple calls to calling enable_kernel_altivec.
That should help with iovec based system calls like readv.
- We could have two VMX breakpoints, one for when we know the user VMX
state is loaded into the registers and one when it isn't. This could
be a second bit in the paca so we can calculate the break points quickly.
- One suggestion from Ben was to save and restore the VSX registers
we use inline instead of using enable_kernel_altivec.
[BenH: Fixed a problem with preempt and fixed build without CONFIG_ALTIVEC]
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Paul Mackerras