This isn't just a random struct page, it's known to be a head page, and
calling it head makes the function better self-documenting. The pgoff_t
is less confusing if it's named index instead of offset. Also add a
couple of comments to explain why we're doing various things.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200318140253.6141-3-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The check in block_page_mkwrite that is meant to determine whether an
offset is within the inode size is off by one. This bug has been copied
into iomap_page_mkwrite and several filesystems (ubifs, ext4, f2fs,
ceph).
Fix that by introducing a new page_mkwrite_check_truncate helper that
checks for truncate and computes the bytes in the page up to EOF. Use
the helper in iomap.
NOTE from Darrick: The original patch fixed a number of filesystems, but
then there were merge conflicts with the f2fs for-next tree; a
subsequent re-submission of the patch had different btrfs changes with
no explanation; and Christoph complained that each per-fs fix should be
a separate patch. In my view that's too much risk to take on, so I
decided to drop all the hunks except for iomap, since I've actually QA'd
XFS.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
[darrick: drop everything but the iomap parts]
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Transparent Huge Pages are currently stored in i_pages as pointers to
consecutive subpages. This patch changes that to storing consecutive
pointers to the head page in preparation for storing huge pages more
efficiently in i_pages.
Large parts of this are "inspired" by Kirill's patch
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20170126115819.58875-2-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com/
Kirill and Huang Ying contributed several fixes.
[willy@infradead.org: use compound_nr, squish uninit-var warning]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190731210400.7419-1-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Reviewed-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Tested-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Tested-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Tested-by: Mikhail Gavrilov <mikhail.v.gavrilov@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can just pass a NULL filler and do the right thing inside of
do_read_cache_page based on the NULL parameter.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520055731.24538-3-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I removed the only user of this and hadn't noticed it was now unused.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190430152929.21813-1-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <zwisler@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Recently there have been some hung tasks on our server due to
wait_on_page_writeback(), and we want to know the details of this
PG_writeback, i.e. this page is writing back to which device. But it is
not so convenient to get the details.
I think it would be better to introduce a tracepoint for diagnosing the
writeback details.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1556274402-19018-1-git-send-email-laoar.shao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Transparent Huge Pages are currently stored in i_pages as pointers to
consecutive subpages. This patch changes that to storing consecutive
pointers to the head page in preparation for storing huge pages more
efficiently in i_pages.
Large parts of this are "inspired" by Kirill's patch
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20170126115819.58875-2-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com/
[willy@infradead.org: fix swapcache pages]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190324155441.GF10344@bombadil.infradead.org
[kirill@shutemov.name: hugetlb stores pages in page cache differently]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190404134553.vuvhgmghlkiw2hgl@kshutemo-mobl1
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190307153051.18815-1-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Reviewed-and-tested-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Tested-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Song Liu <liu.song.a23@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "drop the mmap_sem when doing IO in the fault path", v6.
Now that we have proper isolation in place with cgroups2 we have started
going through and fixing the various priority inversions. Most are all
gone now, but this one is sort of weird since it's not necessarily a
priority inversion that happens within the kernel, but rather because of
something userspace does.
We have giant applications that we want to protect, and parts of these
giant applications do things like watch the system state to determine how
healthy the box is for load balancing and such. This involves running
'ps' or other such utilities. These utilities will often walk
/proc/<pid>/whatever, and these files can sometimes need to
down_read(&task->mmap_sem). Not usually a big deal, but we noticed when
we are stress testing that sometimes our protected application has latency
spikes trying to get the mmap_sem for tasks that are in lower priority
cgroups.
This is because any down_write() on a semaphore essentially turns it into
a mutex, so even if we currently have it held for reading, any new readers
will not be allowed on to keep from starving the writer. This is fine,
except a lower priority task could be stuck doing IO because it has been
throttled to the point that its IO is taking much longer than normal. But
because a higher priority group depends on this completing it is now stuck
behind lower priority work.
In order to avoid this particular priority inversion we want to use the
existing retry mechanism to stop from holding the mmap_sem at all if we
are going to do IO. This already exists in the read case sort of, but
needed to be extended for more than just grabbing the page lock. With
io.latency we throttle at submit_bio() time, so the readahead stuff can
block and even page_cache_read can block, so all these paths need to have
the mmap_sem dropped.
The other big thing is ->page_mkwrite. btrfs is particularly shitty here
because we have to reserve space for the dirty page, which can be a very
expensive operation. We use the same retry method as the read path, and
simply cache the page and verify the page is still setup properly the next
pass through ->page_mkwrite().
I've tested these patches with xfstests and there are no regressions.
This patch (of 3):
If we do not have a page at filemap_fault time we'll do this weird forced
page_cache_read thing to populate the page, and then drop it again and
loop around and find it. This makes for 2 ways we can read a page in
filemap_fault, and it's not really needed. Instead add a FGP_FOR_MMAP
flag so that pagecache_get_page() will return a unlocked page that's in
pagecache. Then use the normal page locking and readpage logic already in
filemap_fault. This simplifies the no page in page cache case
significantly.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment text]
[josef@toxicpanda.com: don't unlock null page in FGP_FOR_MMAP case]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190312201742.22935-1-josef@toxicpanda.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181211173801.29535-2-josef@toxicpanda.com
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
From: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
This combines the common elements of these routines:
page_cache_get_speculative()
page_cache_add_speculative()
This was anticipated by the original author, as shown by the comment in
commit ce0ad7f095 ("powerpc/mm: Lockless get_user_pages_fast() for
64-bit (v3)"):
"Same as above, but add instead of inc (could just be merged)"
There is no intention to introduce any behavioral change, but there is a
small risk of that, due to slightly differing ways of expressing the
TINY_RCU and related configurations.
This also removes the VM_BUG_ON(in_interrupt()) that was in
page_cache_add_speculative(), but not in page_cache_get_speculative().
This provides slightly less detection of such bugs, but it given that it
was only there on the "add" path anyway, we can likely do without it
just fine.
And it removes the
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageCompound(page) && page != compound_head(page), page);
that page_cache_add_speculative() had.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190206231016.22734-2-jhubbard@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Waiting on a page migration entry has used wait_on_page_locked() all along
since 2006: but you cannot safely wait_on_page_locked() without holding a
reference to the page, and that extra reference is enough to make
migrate_page_move_mapping() fail with -EAGAIN, when a racing task faults
on the entry before migrate_page_move_mapping() gets there.
And that failure is retried nine times, amplifying the pain when trying to
migrate a popular page. With a single persistent faulter, migration
sometimes succeeds; with two or three concurrent faulters, success becomes
much less likely (and the more the page was mapped, the worse the overhead
of unmapping and remapping it on each try).
This is especially a problem for memory offlining, where the outer level
retries forever (or until terminated from userspace), because a heavy
refault workload can trigger an endless loop of migration failures.
wait_on_page_locked() is the wrong tool for the job.
David Herrmann (but was he the first?) noticed this issue in 2014:
https://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=140110465608116&w=2
Tim Chen started a thread in August 2017 which appears relevant:
https://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=150275941014915&w=2 where Kan Liang went
on to implicate __migration_entry_wait():
https://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=150300268411980&w=2 and the thread ended
up with the v4.14 commits: 2554db9165 ("sched/wait: Break up long wake
list walk") 11a19c7b09 ("sched/wait: Introduce wakeup boomark in
wake_up_page_bit")
Baoquan He reported "Memory hotplug softlock issue" 14 November 2018:
https://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=154217936431300&w=2
We have all assumed that it is essential to hold a page reference while
waiting on a page lock: partly to guarantee that there is still a struct
page when MEMORY_HOTREMOVE is configured, but also to protect against
reuse of the struct page going to someone who then holds the page locked
indefinitely, when the waiter can reasonably expect timely unlocking.
But in fact, so long as wait_on_page_bit_common() does the put_page(), and
is careful not to rely on struct page contents thereafter, there is no
need to hold a reference to the page while waiting on it. That does mean
that this case cannot go back through the loop: but that's fine for the
page migration case, and even if used more widely, is limited by the "Stop
walking if it's locked" optimization in wake_page_function().
Add interface put_and_wait_on_page_locked() to do this, using "behavior"
enum in place of "lock" arg to wait_on_page_bit_common() to implement it.
No interruptible or killable variant needed yet, but they might follow: I
have a vague notion that reporting -EINTR should take precedence over
return from wait_on_page_bit_common() without knowing the page state, so
arrange it accordingly - but that may be nothing but pedantic.
__migration_entry_wait() still has to take a brief reference to the page,
prior to calling put_and_wait_on_page_locked(): but now that it is dropped
before waiting, the chance of impeding page migration is very much
reduced. Should we perhaps disable preemption across this?
shrink_page_list()'s __ClearPageLocked(): that was a surprise! This
survived a lot of testing before that showed up. PageWaiters may have
been set by wait_on_page_bit_common(), and the reference dropped, just
before shrink_page_list() succeeds in freezing its last page reference: in
such a case, unlock_page() must be used. Follow the suggestion from
Michal Hocko, just revert a978d6f521 ("mm: unlockless reclaim") now:
that optimization predates PageWaiters, and won't buy much these days; but
we can reinstate it for the !PageWaiters case if anyone notices.
It does raise the question: should vmscan.c's is_page_cache_freeable() and
__remove_mapping() now treat a PageWaiters page as if an extra reference
were held? Perhaps, but I don't think it matters much, since
shrink_page_list() already had to win its trylock_page(), so waiters are
not very common there: I noticed no difference when trying the bigger
change, and it's surely not needed while put_and_wait_on_page_locked() is
only used for page migration.
[willy@infradead.org: add put_and_wait_on_page_locked() kerneldoc]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1811261121330.1116@eggly.anvils
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reported-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The 'end' parameter of the xas_for_each iterator avoids a useless
iteration at the end of the range.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
The page cache offers the ability to search for a miss in the previous or
next N locations. Rather than teach the XArray about the page cache's
definition of a miss, use xas_prev() and xas_next() to search the page
array. This should be more efficient as it does not have to start the
lookup from the top for each index.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Remove the address_space ->tree_lock and use the xa_lock newly added to
the radix_tree_root. Rename the address_space ->page_tree to ->i_pages,
since we don't really care that it's a tree.
[willy@infradead.org: fix nds32, fs/dax.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180406145415.GB20605@bombadil.infradead.orgLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313132639.17387-9-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As the page free path makes no distinction between cache hot and cold
pages, there is no real useful ordering of pages in the free list that
allocation requests can take advantage of. Juding from the users of
__GFP_COLD, it is likely that a number of them are the result of copying
other sites instead of actually measuring the impact. Remove the
__GFP_COLD parameter which simplifies a number of paths in the page
allocator.
This is potentially controversial but bear in mind that the size of the
per-cpu pagelists versus modern cache sizes means that the whole per-cpu
list can often fit in the L3 cache. Hence, there is only a potential
benefit for microbenchmarks that alloc/free pages in a tight loop. It's
even worse when THP is taken into account which has little or no chance
of getting a cache-hot page as the per-cpu list is bypassed and the
zeroing of multiple pages will thrash the cache anyway.
The truncate microbenchmarks are not shown as this patch affects the
allocation path and not the free path. A page fault microbenchmark was
tested but it showed no sigificant difference which is not surprising
given that the __GFP_COLD branches are a miniscule percentage of the
fault path.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018075952.10627-9-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All callers of release_pages claim the pages being released are cache
hot. As no one cares about the hotness of pages being released to the
allocator, just ditch the parameter.
No performance impact is expected as the overhead is marginal. The
parameter is removed simply because it is a bit stupid to have a useless
parameter copied everywhere.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018075952.10627-7-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we remove pages from the radix tree one by one. To speed up
page cache truncation, lock several pages at once and free them in one
go. This allows us to batch radix tree operations in a more efficient
way and also save round-trips on mapping->tree_lock. As a result we
gain about 20% speed improvement in page cache truncation.
Data from a simple benchmark timing 10000 truncates of 1024 pages (on
ext4 on ramdisk but the filesystem is barely visible in the profiles).
The range shows 1% and 95% percentiles of the measured times:
4.14-rc2 4.14-rc2 + batched truncation
248-256 209-219
249-258 209-217
248-255 211-239
248-255 209-217
247-256 210-218
[jack@suse.cz: convert delete_from_page_cache_batch() to pagevec]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018111648.13714-1-jack@suse.cz
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: move struct pagevec forward declaration to top-of-file]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171010151937.26984-8-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Ranged pagevec tagged lookup", v3.
In this series I provide a ranged variant of pagevec_lookup_tag() and
use it in places where it makes sense. This series removes some common
code and it also has a potential for speeding up some operations
similarly as for pagevec_lookup_range() (but for now I can think of only
artificial cases where this happens).
This patch (of 16):
Implement a variant of find_get_pages_tag() that stops iterating at
given index. Lots of users of this function (through pagevec_lookup())
actually want a range lookup and all of them are currently open-coding
this.
Also create corresponding pagevec_lookup_range_tag() function.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171009151359.31984-2-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Cc: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Cc: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Steve French <sfrench@samba.org>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Implement a variant of find_get_pages() that stops iterating at given
index. This may be substantial performance gain if the mapping is
sparse. See following commit for details. Furthermore lots of users of
this function (through pagevec_lookup()) actually want a range lookup
and all of them are currently open-coding this.
Also create corresponding pagevec_lookup_range() function.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-4-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make pagevec_lookup() (and underlying find_get_pages()) update index to
the next page where iteration should continue. Most callers want this
and also pagevec_lookup_tag() already does this.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-3-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kernel panic when calling the IRQ-safe __get_user_pages_fast in NMI
handler.
The bug was introduced by commit 2947ba054a ("x86/mm/gup: Switch GUP
to the generic get_user_page_fast() implementation").
The original x86 __get_user_page_fast used plain get_page() or
page_ref_add(). However, the generic __get_user_page_fast uses
page_cache_get_speculative(), which has VM_BUG_ON(in_interrupt()).
There is no reason to prevent page_cache_get_speculative from using in
interrupt context. According to the author, putting a BUG_ON there is
just because the code is not verifying correctness of interrupt races.
I did some tests in interrupt context. There is no issue found.
Removing VM_BUG_ON(in_interrupt()) for page_cache_get_speculative().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501609146-59730-1-git-send-email-kan.liang@intel.com
Fixes: 2947ba054a ("x86/mm/gup: Switch GUP to the generic get_user_page_fast() implementation")
Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ying Huang <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=3Z93
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'for-linus-v4.13-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jlayton/linux
Pull Writeback error handling updates from Jeff Layton:
"This pile represents the bulk of the writeback error handling fixes
that I have for this cycle. Some of the earlier patches in this pile
may look trivial but they are prerequisites for later patches in the
series.
The aim of this set is to improve how we track and report writeback
errors to userland. Most applications that care about data integrity
will periodically call fsync/fdatasync/msync to ensure that their
writes have made it to the backing store.
For a very long time, we have tracked writeback errors using two flags
in the address_space: AS_EIO and AS_ENOSPC. Those flags are set when a
writeback error occurs (via mapping_set_error) and are cleared as a
side-effect of filemap_check_errors (as you noted yesterday). This
model really sucks for userland.
Only the first task to call fsync (or msync or fdatasync) will see the
error. Any subsequent task calling fsync on a file will get back 0
(unless another writeback error occurs in the interim). If I have
several tasks writing to a file and calling fsync to ensure that their
writes got stored, then I need to have them coordinate with one
another. That's difficult enough, but in a world of containerized
setups that coordination may even not be possible.
But wait...it gets worse!
The calls to filemap_check_errors can be buried pretty far down in the
call stack, and there are internal callers of filemap_write_and_wait
and the like that also end up clearing those errors. Many of those
callers ignore the error return from that function or return it to
userland at nonsensical times (e.g. truncate() or stat()). If I get
back -EIO on a truncate, there is no reason to think that it was
because some previous writeback failed, and a subsequent fsync() will
(incorrectly) return 0.
This pile aims to do three things:
1) ensure that when a writeback error occurs that that error will be
reported to userland on a subsequent fsync/fdatasync/msync call,
regardless of what internal callers are doing
2) report writeback errors on all file descriptions that were open at
the time that the error occurred. This is a user-visible change,
but I think most applications are written to assume this behavior
anyway. Those that aren't are unlikely to be hurt by it.
3) document what filesystems should do when there is a writeback
error. Today, there is very little consistency between them, and a
lot of cargo-cult copying. We need to make it very clear what
filesystems should do in this situation.
To achieve this, the set adds a new data type (errseq_t) and then
builds new writeback error tracking infrastructure around that. Once
all of that is in place, we change the filesystems to use the new
infrastructure for reporting wb errors to userland.
Note that this is just the initial foray into cleaning up this mess.
There is a lot of work remaining here:
1) convert the rest of the filesystems in a similar fashion. Once the
initial set is in, then I think most other fs' will be fairly
simple to convert. Hopefully most of those can in via individual
filesystem trees.
2) convert internal waiters on writeback to use errseq_t for
detecting errors instead of relying on the AS_* flags. I have some
draft patches for this for ext4, but they are not quite ready for
prime time yet.
This was a discussion topic this year at LSF/MM too. If you're
interested in the gory details, LWN has some good articles about this:
https://lwn.net/Articles/718734/https://lwn.net/Articles/724307/"
* tag 'for-linus-v4.13-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jlayton/linux:
btrfs: minimal conversion to errseq_t writeback error reporting on fsync
xfs: minimal conversion to errseq_t writeback error reporting
ext4: use errseq_t based error handling for reporting data writeback errors
fs: convert __generic_file_fsync to use errseq_t based reporting
block: convert to errseq_t based writeback error tracking
dax: set errors in mapping when writeback fails
Documentation: flesh out the section in vfs.txt on storing and reporting writeback errors
mm: set both AS_EIO/AS_ENOSPC and errseq_t in mapping_set_error
fs: new infrastructure for writeback error handling and reporting
lib: add errseq_t type and infrastructure for handling it
mm: don't TestClearPageError in __filemap_fdatawait_range
mm: clear AS_EIO/AS_ENOSPC when writeback initiation fails
jbd2: don't clear and reset errors after waiting on writeback
buffer: set errors in mapping at the time that the error occurs
fs: check for writeback errors after syncing out buffers in generic_file_fsync
buffer: use mapping_set_error instead of setting the flag
mm: fix mapping_set_error call in me_pagecache_dirty
When a writeback error occurs, we want later callers to be able to pick
up that fact when they go to wait on that writeback to complete.
Traditionally, we've used AS_EIO/AS_ENOSPC flags to track that, but
that's problematic since only one "checker" will be informed when an
error occurs.
In later patches, we're going to want to convert many of these callers
to check for errors since a well-defined point in time. For now, ensure
that we can handle both sorts of checks by both setting errors in both
places when there is a writeback failure.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Rename:
wait_queue_t => wait_queue_entry_t
'wait_queue_t' was always a slight misnomer: its name implies that it's a "queue",
but in reality it's a queue *entry*. The 'real' queue is the wait queue head,
which had to carry the name.
Start sorting this out by renaming it to 'wait_queue_entry_t'.
This also allows the real structure name 'struct __wait_queue' to
lose its double underscore and become 'struct wait_queue_entry',
which is the more canonical nomenclature for such data types.
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
0day testing by Fengguang Wu triggered this crash while running Trinity:
kernel BUG at include/linux/pagemap.h:151!
...
CPU: 0 PID: 458 Comm: trinity-c0 Not tainted 4.11.0-rc2-00251-g2947ba0 #1
...
Call Trace:
__get_user_pages_fast()
get_user_pages_fast()
get_futex_key()
futex_requeue()
do_futex()
SyS_futex()
do_syscall_64()
entry_SYSCALL64_slow_path()
It' VM_BUG_ON() due to false-negative in_atomic(). We call
page_cache_get_speculative() with disabled local interrupts.
It should be atomic enough.
So let's check for disabled interrupts in the VM_BUG_ON() condition
too, to resolve this.
( This got triggered by the conversion of the x86 GUP code to the
generic GUP code. )
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: LKP <lkp@01.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170324114709.pcytvyb3d6ajux33@black.fi.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Delete stray (second) function description in find_lock_page()
kernel-doc notation.
Note: scripts/kernel-doc just ignores the second function description.
Fixes: 2457aec637 ("mm: non-atomically mark page accessed during page cache allocation where possible")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/b037e9a3-516c-ec02-6c8e-fa5479747ba6@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reported-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
These are no longer used outside mm/filemap.c, so un-export them and
make them static where possible. These were exported specifically for
NFS use in commit a4796e37c1 ("MM: export page_wakeup functions").
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170103182234.30141-3-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a new page flag, PageWaiters, to indicate the page waitqueue has
tasks waiting. This can be tested rather than testing waitqueue_active
which requires another cacheline load.
This bit is always set when the page has tasks on page_waitqueue(page),
and is set and cleared under the waitqueue lock. It may be set when
there are no tasks on the waitqueue, which will cause a harmless extra
wakeup check that will clears the bit.
The generic bit-waitqueue infrastructure is no longer used for pages.
Instead, waitqueues are used directly with a custom key type. The
generic code was not flexible enough to have PageWaiters manipulation
under the waitqueue lock (which simplifies concurrency).
This improves the performance of page lock intensive microbenchmarks by
2-3%.
Putting two bits in the same word opens the opportunity to remove the
memory barrier between clearing the lock bit and testing the waiters
bit, after some work on the arch primitives (e.g., ensuring memory
operand widths match and cover both bits).
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:
PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
$(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)
to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hugetlb pages have ->index in size of the huge pages (PMD_SIZE or
PUD_SIZE), not in PAGE_SIZE as other types of pages. This means we
cannot user page_to_pgoff() to check whether we've got the right page
for the radix-tree index.
Let's introduce page_to_index() which would return radix-tree index for
given page.
We will be able to get rid of this once hugetlb will be switched to
multi-order entries.
Fixes: fc127da085 ("truncate: handle file thp")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161123093053.mjbnvn5zwxw5e6lk@black.fi.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Doug Nelson <doug.nelson@intel.com>
Tested-by: Doug Nelson <doug.nelson@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.8+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mapping->flags currently encodes two different things into a single flag.
It contains sticky gfp_mask for page cache allocations and AS_ codes used
to report errors/enospace and other states which are mapping specific.
Condensing the two semantically unrelated things saves few bytes but it
also complicates other things. For one thing the gfp flags space is
reduced and in fact we are already running out of available bits. It can
be assumed that more gfp flags will be necessary later on.
To not introduce the address_space grow (at least on x86_64) we can stick
it right after private_lock because we have a hole there.
struct address_space {
struct inode * host; /* 0 8 */
struct radix_tree_root page_tree; /* 8 16 */
spinlock_t tree_lock; /* 24 4 */
atomic_t i_mmap_writable; /* 28 4 */
struct rb_root i_mmap; /* 32 8 */
struct rw_semaphore i_mmap_rwsem; /* 40 40 */
/* --- cacheline 1 boundary (64 bytes) was 16 bytes ago --- */
long unsigned int nrpages; /* 80 8 */
long unsigned int nrexceptional; /* 88 8 */
long unsigned int writeback_index; /* 96 8 */
const struct address_space_operations * a_ops; /* 104 8 */
long unsigned int flags; /* 112 8 */
spinlock_t private_lock; /* 120 4 */
/* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */
/* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) --- */
struct list_head private_list; /* 128 16 */
void * private_data; /* 144 8 */
/* size: 152, cachelines: 3, members: 14 */
/* sum members: 148, holes: 1, sum holes: 4 */
/* last cacheline: 24 bytes */
};
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160912114852.GI14524@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro:
"Assorted misc bits and pieces.
There are several single-topic branches left after this (rename2
series from Miklos, current_time series from Deepa Dinamani, xattr
series from Andreas, uaccess stuff from from me) and I'd prefer to
send those separately"
* 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (39 commits)
proc: switch auxv to use of __mem_open()
hpfs: support FIEMAP
cifs: get rid of unused arguments of CIFSSMBWrite()
posix_acl: uapi header split
posix_acl: xattr representation cleanups
fs/aio.c: eliminate redundant loads in put_aio_ring_file
fs/internal.h: add const to ns_dentry_operations declaration
compat: remove compat_printk()
fs/buffer.c: make __getblk_slow() static
proc: unsigned file descriptors
fs/file: more unsigned file descriptors
fs: compat: remove redundant check of nr_segs
cachefiles: Fix attempt to read i_blocks after deleting file [ver #2]
cifs: don't use memcpy() to copy struct iov_iter
get rid of separate multipage fault-in primitives
fs: Avoid premature clearing of capabilities
fs: Give dentry to inode_change_ok() instead of inode
fuse: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
ceph: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
xfs: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
...
After using the offset of the swap entry as the key of the swap cache,
the page_index() becomes exactly same as page_file_index(). So the
page_file_index() is removed and the callers are changed to use
page_index() instead.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473270649-27229-2-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@netapp.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
File pages use a set of radix tree tags (DIRTY, TOWRITE, WRITEBACK,
etc.) to accelerate finding the pages with a specific tag in the radix
tree during inode writeback. But for anonymous pages in the swap cache,
there is no inode writeback. So there is no need to find the pages with
some writeback tags in the radix tree. It is not necessary to touch
radix tree writeback tags for pages in the swap cache.
Per Rik van Riel's suggestion, a new flag AS_NO_WRITEBACK_TAGS is
introduced for address spaces which don't need to update the writeback
tags. The flag is set for swap caches. It may be used for DAX file
systems, etc.
With this patch, the swap out bandwidth improved 22.3% (from ~1.2GB/s to
~1.48GBps) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes.
The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM
simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. The improvement comes from
the reduced contention on the swap cache radix tree lock. To test
sequential swapping out, the test case uses 8 processes, which
sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until RAM and
part of the swap device is used up.
Details of comparison is as follow,
base base+patch
---------------- --------------------------
%stddev %change %stddev
\ | \
2506952 ± 2% +28.1% 3212076 ± 7% vm-scalability.throughput
1207402 ± 7% +22.3% 1476578 ± 6% vmstat.swap.so
10.86 ± 12% -23.4% 8.31 ± 16% perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irq.__add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap.shrink_page_list
10.82 ± 13% -33.1% 7.24 ± 14% perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.__remove_mapping.shrink_page_list.shrink_inactive_list.shrink_zone_memcg
10.36 ± 11% -100.0% 0.00 ± -1% perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.__test_set_page_writeback.bdev_write_page.__swap_writepage.swap_writepage
10.52 ± 12% -100.0% 0.00 ± -1% perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.test_clear_page_writeback.end_page_writeback.page_endio.pmem_rw_page
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472578089-5560-1-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* the only remaining callers of "short" fault-ins are just as happy with generic
variants (both in lib/iov_iter.c); switch them to multipage variants, kill the
"short" ones
* rename the multipage variants to now available plain ones.
* get rid of compat macro defining iov_iter_fault_in_multipage_readable by
expanding it in its only user.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
When building XFS with -Werror, it now fails with:
include/linux/pagemap.h: In function 'fault_in_multipages_readable':
include/linux/pagemap.h:602:16: error: variable 'c' set but not used [-Werror=unused-but-set-variable]
volatile char c;
^
This is a regression caused by commit e23d4159b1 ("fix
fault_in_multipages_...() on architectures with no-op access_ok()").
Fix it by re-adding the "(void)c" trick taht was previously used to make
the compiler think the variable is used.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Switching iov_iter fault-in to multipages variants has exposed an old
bug in underlying fault_in_multipages_...(); they break if the range
passed to them wraps around. Normally access_ok() done by callers will
prevent such (and it's a guaranteed EFAULT - ERR_PTR() values fall into
such a range and they should not point to any valid objects).
However, on architectures where userland and kernel live in different
MMU contexts (e.g. s390) access_ok() is a no-op and on those a range
with a wraparound can reach fault_in_multipages_...().
Since any wraparound means EFAULT there, the fix is trivial - turn
those
while (uaddr <= end)
...
into
if (unlikely(uaddr > end))
return -EFAULT;
do
...
while (uaddr <= end);
Reported-by: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.5+
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit abf545484d changed it from an 'rw' flags type to the
newer ops based interface, but now we're effectively leaking
some bdev internals to the rest of the kernel. Since we only
care about whether it's a read or a write at that level, just
pass in a bool 'is_write' parameter instead.
Then we can also move op_is_write() and friends back under
CONFIG_BLOCK protection.
Reviewed-by: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
The rw_page users were not converted to use bio/req ops. As a result
bdev_write_page is not passing down REQ_OP_WRITE and the IOs will
be sent down as reads.
Signed-off-by: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Fixes: 4e1b2d52a8 ("block, fs, drivers: remove REQ_OP compat defs and related code")
Modified by me to:
1) Drop op_flags passing into ->rw_page(), as we don't use it.
2) Make op_is_write() and friends safe to use for !CONFIG_BLOCK
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Vladimir has noticed that we might declare memcg oom even during
readahead because read_pages only uses GFP_KERNEL (with mapping_gfp
restriction) while __do_page_cache_readahead uses
page_cache_alloc_readahead which adds __GFP_NORETRY to prevent from
OOMs. This gfp mask discrepancy is really unfortunate and easily
fixable. Drop page_cache_alloc_readahead() which only has one user and
outsource the gfp_mask logic into readahead_gfp_mask and propagate this
mask from __do_page_cache_readahead down to read_pages.
This alone would have only very limited impact as most filesystems are
implementing ->readpages and the common implementation mpage_readpages
does GFP_KERNEL (with mapping_gfp restriction) again. We can tell it to
use readahead_gfp_mask instead as this function is called only during
readahead as well. The same applies to read_cache_pages.
ext4 has its own ext4_mpage_readpages but the path which has pages !=
NULL can use the same gfp mask. Btrfs, cifs, f2fs and orangefs are
doing a very similar pattern to mpage_readpages so the same can be
applied to them as well.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[mhocko@suse.com: restrict gfp mask in mpage_alloc]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160610074223.GC32285@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465301556-26431-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Steve French <sfrench@samba.org>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: Changman Lee <cm224.lee@samsung.com>
Cc: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
copy_page_to_iter_iovec() is currently the only user of
fault_in_pages_writeable(), and it definitely can use fragments from
high order pages.
Make sure fault_in_pages_writeable() is only touching two adjacent pages
at most, as claimed.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many developers already know that field for reference count of the
struct page is _count and atomic type. They would try to handle it
directly and this could break the purpose of page reference count
tracepoint. To prevent direct _count modification, this patch rename it
to _refcount and add warning message on the code. After that, developer
who need to handle reference count will find that field should not be
accessed directly.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comments, per Vlastimil]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt too]
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: sync ethernet driver changes]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Sunil Goutham <sgoutham@cavium.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Manish Chopra <manish.chopra@qlogic.com>
Cc: Yuval Mintz <yuval.mintz@qlogic.com>
Cc: Tariq Toukan <tariqt@mellanox.com>
Cc: Saeed Mahameed <saeedm@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All users gone. We can remove these macros.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mostly direct substitution with occasional adjustment or removing
outdated comments.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} macros were introduced *long* time
ago with promise that one day it will be possible to implement page
cache with bigger chunks than PAGE_SIZE.
This promise never materialized. And unlikely will.
We have many places where PAGE_CACHE_SIZE assumed to be equal to
PAGE_SIZE. And it's constant source of confusion on whether
PAGE_CACHE_* or PAGE_* constant should be used in a particular case,
especially on the border between fs and mm.
Global switching to PAGE_CACHE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE would cause to much
breakage to be doable.
Let's stop pretending that pages in page cache are special. They are
not.
The changes are pretty straight-forward:
- <foo> << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>;
- <foo> >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>;
- PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} -> PAGE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN};
- page_cache_get() -> get_page();
- page_cache_release() -> put_page();
This patch contains automated changes generated with coccinelle using
script below. For some reason, coccinelle doesn't patch header files.
I've called spatch for them manually.
The only adjustment after coccinelle is revert of changes to
PAGE_CAHCE_ALIGN definition: we are going to drop it later.
There are few places in the code where coccinelle didn't reach. I'll
fix them manually in a separate patch. Comments and documentation also
will be addressed with the separate patch.
virtual patch
@@
expression E;
@@
- E << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)
+ E
@@
expression E;
@@
- E >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)
+ E
@@
@@
- PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT
+ PAGE_SHIFT
@@
@@
- PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
+ PAGE_SIZE
@@
@@
- PAGE_CACHE_MASK
+ PAGE_MASK
@@
expression E;
@@
- PAGE_CACHE_ALIGN(E)
+ PAGE_ALIGN(E)
@@
expression E;
@@
- page_cache_get(E)
+ get_page(E)
@@
expression E;
@@
- page_cache_release(E)
+ put_page(E)
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The success of CMA allocation largely depends on the success of
migration and key factor of it is page reference count. Until now, page
reference is manipulated by direct calling atomic functions so we cannot
follow up who and where manipulate it. Then, it is hard to find actual
reason of CMA allocation failure. CMA allocation should be guaranteed
to succeed so finding offending place is really important.
In this patch, call sites where page reference is manipulated are
converted to introduced wrapper function. This is preparation step to
add tracepoint to each page reference manipulation function. With this
facility, we can easily find reason of CMA allocation failure. There is
no functional change in this patch.
In addition, this patch also converts reference read sites. It will
help a second step that renames page._count to something else and
prevents later attempt to direct access to it (Suggested by Andrew).
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that migration doesn't clear page->mem_cgroup of live pages anymore,
it's safe to make lock_page_memcg() and the memcg stat functions take
pages, and spare the callers from memcg objects.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Suggested-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)