This patch introduces a new module parameter for the KVM module; when it
is present, KVM attempts a bit of polling on every HLT before scheduling
itself out via kvm_vcpu_block.
This parameter helps a lot for latency-bound workloads---in particular
I tested it with O_DSYNC writes with a battery-backed disk in the host.
In this case, writes are fast (because the data doesn't have to go all
the way to the platters) but they cannot be merged by either the host or
the guest. KVM's performance here is usually around 30% of bare metal,
or 50% if you use cache=directsync or cache=writethrough (these
parameters avoid that the guest sends pointless flush requests, and
at the same time they are not slow because of the battery-backed cache).
The bad performance happens because on every halt the host CPU decides
to halt itself too. When the interrupt comes, the vCPU thread is then
migrated to a new physical CPU, and in general the latency is horrible
because the vCPU thread has to be scheduled back in.
With this patch performance reaches 60-65% of bare metal and, more
important, 99% of what you get if you use idle=poll in the guest. This
means that the tunable gets rid of this particular bottleneck, and more
work can be done to improve performance in the kernel or QEMU.
Of course there is some price to pay; every time an otherwise idle vCPUs
is interrupted by an interrupt, it will poll unnecessarily and thus
impose a little load on the host. The above results were obtained with
a mostly random value of the parameter (500000), and the load was around
1.5-2.5% CPU usage on one of the host's core for each idle guest vCPU.
The patch also adds a new stat, /sys/kernel/debug/kvm/halt_successful_poll,
that can be used to tune the parameter. It counts how many HLT
instructions received an interrupt during the polling period; each
successful poll avoids that Linux schedules the VCPU thread out and back
in, and may also avoid a likely trip to C1 and back for the physical CPU.
While the VM is idle, a Linux 4 VCPU VM halts around 10 times per second.
Of these halts, almost all are failed polls. During the benchmark,
instead, basically all halts end within the polling period, except a more
or less constant stream of 50 per second coming from vCPUs that are not
running the benchmark. The wasted time is thus very low. Things may
be slightly different for Windows VMs, which have a ~10 ms timer tick.
The effect is also visible on Marcelo's recently-introduced latency
test for the TSC deadline timer. Though of course a non-RT kernel has
awful latency bounds, the latency of the timer is around 8000-10000 clock
cycles compared to 20000-120000 without setting halt_poll_ns. For the TSC
deadline timer, thus, the effect is both a smaller average latency and
a smaller variance.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The FPU and DSP are enabled via the CP0 Status CU1 and MX bits by
kvm_mips_set_c0_status() on a guest exit, presumably in case there is
active state that needs saving if pre-emption occurs. However neither of
these bits are cleared again when returning to the guest.
This effectively gives the guest access to the FPU/DSP hardware after
the first guest exit even though it is not aware of its presence,
allowing FP instructions in guest user code to intermittently actually
execute instead of trapping into the guest OS for emulation. It will
then read & manipulate the hardware FP registers which technically
belong to the user process (e.g. QEMU), or are stale from another user
process. It can also crash the guest OS by causing an FP exception, for
which a guest exception handler won't have been registered.
First lets save and disable the FPU (and MSA) state with lose_fpu(1)
before entering the guest. This simplifies the problem, especially for
when guest FPU/MSA support is added in the future, and prevents FR=1 FPU
state being live when the FR bit gets cleared for the guest, which
according to the architecture causes the contents of the FPU and vector
registers to become UNPREDICTABLE.
We can then safely remove the enabling of the FPU in
kvm_mips_set_c0_status(), since there should never be any active FPU or
MSA state to save at pre-emption, which should plug the FPU leak.
DSP state is always live rather than being lazily restored, so for that
it is simpler to just clear the MX bit again when re-entering the guest.
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Sanjay Lal <sanjayl@kymasys.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@kernel.org>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.10+: 044f0f03eca0: MIPS: KVM: Deliver guest interrupts
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.10+
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Ensure any hardware page table walker (HTW) is disabled while in KVM
guest mode, as KVM doesn't yet set up hardware page table walking for
guest mappings so the wrong mappings would get loaded, resulting in the
guest hanging or crashing once it reaches userland.
The HTW is disabled and re-enabled around the call to
__kvm_mips_vcpu_run() which does the initial switch into guest mode and
the final switch out of guest context. Additionally it is enabled for
the duration of guest exits (i.e. kvm_mips_handle_exit()), getting
disabled again before returning back to guest or host.
In all cases the HTW is only disabled in normal kernel mode while
interrupts are disabled, so that the HTW doesn't get left disabled if
the process is preempted.
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Markos Chandras <markos.chandras@imgtec.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@kernel.org>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.17+
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The return value of kvm_arch_vcpu_postcreate is not checked in its
caller. This is okay, because only x86 provides vcpu_postcreate right
now and it could only fail if vcpu_load failed. But that is not
possible during KVM_CREATE_VCPU (kvm_arch_vcpu_load is void, too), so
just get rid of the unchecked return value.
Signed-off-by: Dominik Dingel <dingel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
In the beggining was on_each_cpu(), which required an unused argument to
kvm_arch_ops.hardware_{en,dis}able, but this was soon forgotten.
Remove unnecessary arguments that stem from this.
Signed-off-by: Radim KrÄmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Using static inline is going to save few bytes and cycles.
For example on powerpc, the difference is 700 B after stripping.
(5 kB before)
This patch also deals with two overlooked empty functions:
kvm_arch_flush_shadow was not removed from arch/mips/kvm/mips.c
2df72e9bc KVM: split kvm_arch_flush_shadow
and kvm_arch_sched_in never made it into arch/ia64/kvm/kvm-ia64.c.
e790d9ef6 KVM: add kvm_arch_sched_in
Signed-off-by: Radim KrÄmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Introduce preempt notifiers for architecture specific code.
Advantage over creating a new notifier in every arch is slightly simpler
code and guaranteed call order with respect to kvm_sched_in.
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Highlights in this release include:
- BookE: Rework instruction fetch, not racy anymore now
- BookE HV: Fix ONE_REG accessors for some in-hardware registers
- Book3S: Good number of LE host fixes, enable HV on LE
- Book3S: Some misc bug fixes
- Book3S HV: Add in-guest debug support
- Book3S HV: Preload cache lines on context switch
- Remove 440 support
Alexander Graf (31):
KVM: PPC: Book3s PR: Disable AIL mode with OPAL
KVM: PPC: Book3s HV: Fix tlbie compile error
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Handle hyp doorbell exits
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Fix ABIv2 on LE
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Fix sparse endian checks
PPC: Add asm helpers for BE 32bit load/store
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Make HTAB code LE host aware
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Access guest VPA in BE
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Access host lppaca and shadow slb in BE
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Access XICS in BE
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Fix ABIv2 on LE
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Enable for little endian hosts
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Move vcore definition to end of kvm_arch struct
KVM: PPC: Deflect page write faults properly in kvmppc_st
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Stop PTE lookup on write errors
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Add hack for split real mode
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Make magic page properly 4k mappable
KVM: PPC: Remove 440 support
KVM: Rename and add argument to check_extension
KVM: Allow KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION on the vm fd
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Provide different CAPs based on HV or PR mode
KVM: PPC: Implement kvmppc_xlate for all targets
KVM: PPC: Move kvmppc_ld/st to common code
KVM: PPC: Remove kvmppc_bad_hva()
KVM: PPC: Use kvm_read_guest in kvmppc_ld
KVM: PPC: Handle magic page in kvmppc_ld/st
KVM: PPC: Separate loadstore emulation from priv emulation
KVM: PPC: Expose helper functions for data/inst faults
KVM: PPC: Remove DCR handling
KVM: PPC: HV: Remove generic instruction emulation
KVM: PPC: PR: Handle FSCR feature deselects
Alexey Kardashevskiy (1):
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Fix LPCR one_reg interface
Aneesh Kumar K.V (4):
KVM: PPC: BOOK3S: PR: Fix PURR and SPURR emulation
KVM: PPC: BOOK3S: PR: Emulate virtual timebase register
KVM: PPC: BOOK3S: PR: Emulate instruction counter
KVM: PPC: BOOK3S: HV: Update compute_tlbie_rb to handle 16MB base page
Anton Blanchard (2):
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Fix ABIv2 indirect branch issue
KVM: PPC: Assembly functions exported to modules need _GLOBAL_TOC()
Bharat Bhushan (10):
kvm: ppc: bookehv: Added wrapper macros for shadow registers
kvm: ppc: booke: Use the shared struct helpers of SRR0 and SRR1
kvm: ppc: booke: Use the shared struct helpers of SPRN_DEAR
kvm: ppc: booke: Add shared struct helpers of SPRN_ESR
kvm: ppc: booke: Use the shared struct helpers for SPRN_SPRG0-7
kvm: ppc: Add SPRN_EPR get helper function
kvm: ppc: bookehv: Save restore SPRN_SPRG9 on guest entry exit
KVM: PPC: Booke-hv: Add one reg interface for SPRG9
KVM: PPC: Remove comment saying SPRG1 is used for vcpu pointer
KVM: PPC: BOOKEHV: rename e500hv_spr to bookehv_spr
Michael Neuling (1):
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Add H_SET_MODE hcall handling
Mihai Caraman (8):
KVM: PPC: e500mc: Enhance tlb invalidation condition on vcpu schedule
KVM: PPC: e500: Fix default tlb for victim hint
KVM: PPC: e500: Emulate power management control SPR
KVM: PPC: e500mc: Revert "add load inst fixup"
KVM: PPC: Book3e: Add TLBSEL/TSIZE defines for MAS0/1
KVM: PPC: Book3s: Remove kvmppc_read_inst() function
KVM: PPC: Allow kvmppc_get_last_inst() to fail
KVM: PPC: Bookehv: Get vcpu's last instruction for emulation
Paul Mackerras (4):
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Controls for in-kernel sPAPR hypercall handling
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Allow only implemented hcalls to be enabled or disabled
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Take SRCU read lock around RTAS kvm_read_guest() call
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Make kvmppc_ld return a more accurate error indication
Stewart Smith (2):
Split out struct kvmppc_vcore creation to separate function
Use the POWER8 Micro Partition Prefetch Engine in KVM HV on POWER8
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Merge tag 'signed-kvm-ppc-next' of git://github.com/agraf/linux-2.6 into kvm
Patch queue for ppc - 2014-08-01
Highlights in this release include:
- BookE: Rework instruction fetch, not racy anymore now
- BookE HV: Fix ONE_REG accessors for some in-hardware registers
- Book3S: Good number of LE host fixes, enable HV on LE
- Book3S: Some misc bug fixes
- Book3S HV: Add in-guest debug support
- Book3S HV: Preload cache lines on context switch
- Remove 440 support
Alexander Graf (31):
KVM: PPC: Book3s PR: Disable AIL mode with OPAL
KVM: PPC: Book3s HV: Fix tlbie compile error
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Handle hyp doorbell exits
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Fix ABIv2 on LE
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Fix sparse endian checks
PPC: Add asm helpers for BE 32bit load/store
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Make HTAB code LE host aware
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Access guest VPA in BE
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Access host lppaca and shadow slb in BE
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Access XICS in BE
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Fix ABIv2 on LE
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Enable for little endian hosts
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Move vcore definition to end of kvm_arch struct
KVM: PPC: Deflect page write faults properly in kvmppc_st
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Stop PTE lookup on write errors
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Add hack for split real mode
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Make magic page properly 4k mappable
KVM: PPC: Remove 440 support
KVM: Rename and add argument to check_extension
KVM: Allow KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION on the vm fd
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Provide different CAPs based on HV or PR mode
KVM: PPC: Implement kvmppc_xlate for all targets
KVM: PPC: Move kvmppc_ld/st to common code
KVM: PPC: Remove kvmppc_bad_hva()
KVM: PPC: Use kvm_read_guest in kvmppc_ld
KVM: PPC: Handle magic page in kvmppc_ld/st
KVM: PPC: Separate loadstore emulation from priv emulation
KVM: PPC: Expose helper functions for data/inst faults
KVM: PPC: Remove DCR handling
KVM: PPC: HV: Remove generic instruction emulation
KVM: PPC: PR: Handle FSCR feature deselects
Alexey Kardashevskiy (1):
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Fix LPCR one_reg interface
Aneesh Kumar K.V (4):
KVM: PPC: BOOK3S: PR: Fix PURR and SPURR emulation
KVM: PPC: BOOK3S: PR: Emulate virtual timebase register
KVM: PPC: BOOK3S: PR: Emulate instruction counter
KVM: PPC: BOOK3S: HV: Update compute_tlbie_rb to handle 16MB base page
Anton Blanchard (2):
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Fix ABIv2 indirect branch issue
KVM: PPC: Assembly functions exported to modules need _GLOBAL_TOC()
Bharat Bhushan (10):
kvm: ppc: bookehv: Added wrapper macros for shadow registers
kvm: ppc: booke: Use the shared struct helpers of SRR0 and SRR1
kvm: ppc: booke: Use the shared struct helpers of SPRN_DEAR
kvm: ppc: booke: Add shared struct helpers of SPRN_ESR
kvm: ppc: booke: Use the shared struct helpers for SPRN_SPRG0-7
kvm: ppc: Add SPRN_EPR get helper function
kvm: ppc: bookehv: Save restore SPRN_SPRG9 on guest entry exit
KVM: PPC: Booke-hv: Add one reg interface for SPRG9
KVM: PPC: Remove comment saying SPRG1 is used for vcpu pointer
KVM: PPC: BOOKEHV: rename e500hv_spr to bookehv_spr
Michael Neuling (1):
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Add H_SET_MODE hcall handling
Mihai Caraman (8):
KVM: PPC: e500mc: Enhance tlb invalidation condition on vcpu schedule
KVM: PPC: e500: Fix default tlb for victim hint
KVM: PPC: e500: Emulate power management control SPR
KVM: PPC: e500mc: Revert "add load inst fixup"
KVM: PPC: Book3e: Add TLBSEL/TSIZE defines for MAS0/1
KVM: PPC: Book3s: Remove kvmppc_read_inst() function
KVM: PPC: Allow kvmppc_get_last_inst() to fail
KVM: PPC: Bookehv: Get vcpu's last instruction for emulation
Paul Mackerras (4):
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Controls for in-kernel sPAPR hypercall handling
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Allow only implemented hcalls to be enabled or disabled
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Take SRCU read lock around RTAS kvm_read_guest() call
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Make kvmppc_ld return a more accurate error indication
Stewart Smith (2):
Split out struct kvmppc_vcore creation to separate function
Use the POWER8 Micro Partition Prefetch Engine in KVM HV on POWER8
Conflicts:
Documentation/virtual/kvm/api.txt
few days.
MIPS and s390 have little going on this release; just bugfixes, some
small, some larger.
The highlights for x86 are nested VMX improvements (Jan Kiszka), optimizations
for old processor (up to Nehalem, by me and Bandan Das), and a lot of x86
emulator bugfixes (Nadav Amit).
Stephen Rothwell reported a trivial conflict with the tracing branch.
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
Pull KVM changes from Paolo Bonzini:
"These are the x86, MIPS and s390 changes; PPC and ARM will come in a
few days.
MIPS and s390 have little going on this release; just bugfixes, some
small, some larger.
The highlights for x86 are nested VMX improvements (Jan Kiszka),
optimizations for old processor (up to Nehalem, by me and Bandan Das),
and a lot of x86 emulator bugfixes (Nadav Amit).
Stephen Rothwell reported a trivial conflict with the tracing branch"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (104 commits)
x86/kvm: Resolve shadow warnings in macro expansion
KVM: s390: rework broken SIGP STOP interrupt handling
KVM: x86: always exit on EOIs for interrupts listed in the IOAPIC redir table
KVM: vmx: remove duplicate vmx_mpx_supported() prototype
KVM: s390: Fix memory leak on busy SIGP stop
x86/kvm: Resolve shadow warning from min macro
kvm: Resolve missing-field-initializers warnings
Replace NR_VMX_MSR with its definition
KVM: x86: Assertions to check no overrun in MSR lists
KVM: x86: set rflags.rf during fault injection
KVM: x86: Setting rflags.rf during rep-string emulation
KVM: x86: DR6/7.RTM cannot be written
KVM: nVMX: clean up nested_release_vmcs12 and code around it
KVM: nVMX: fix lifetime issues for vmcs02
KVM: x86: Defining missing x86 vectors
KVM: x86: emulator injects #DB when RFLAGS.RF is set
KVM: x86: Cleanup of rflags.rf cleaning
KVM: x86: Clear rflags.rf on emulated instructions
KVM: x86: popf emulation should not change RF
KVM: x86: Clearing rflags.rf upon skipped emulated instruction
...
In preparation to make the check_extension function available to VM scope
we add a struct kvm * argument to the function header and rename the function
accordingly. It will still be called from the /dev/kvm fd, but with a NULL
argument for struct kvm *.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Since all the files are in arch/mips/kvm/, there's no need of the prefixes
"kvm_" and "kvm_mips_".
Reviewed-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: Deng-Cheng Zhu <dengcheng.zhu@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Paolo Bonzini