Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Huge pages on parisc will have the same size as one pmd table, which
is on a 64bit kernel 2MB on a kernel with 4K kernel page sizes, and
on a 32bit kernel 4MB when used with 4K kernel pages.
Since parisc does not physically supports 2MB huge page sizes, emulate
it with two consecutive 1MB page sizes instead. Keeping the same huge
page size as one pmd will allow us to add transparent huge page support
later on.
Bit 21 in the pte flags was unused and will now be used to mark a page
as huge page (_PAGE_HPAGE_BIT).
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
The attached change removes the unused and experimental
CONFIG_PARISC_TMPALIAS code. It doesn't work and I don't believe it will
ever be used.
Signed-off-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
This commit:
f8dae00684d678afa13041ef170cecfd1297ed40: parisc: Ensure full cache coherency for kmap/kunmap
caused negative caching side-effects, e.g. hanging processes with expect and
too many inequivalent alias messages from flush_dcache_page() on Debian 5 systems.
This patch now partly reverts it and has been in production use on our debian buildd
makeservers since a week without any major problems.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.9+
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Helge Deller noted a few weeks ago problems with the AIO support on
parisc. This change is the result of numerous iterations on how best to
deal with this problem.
The solution adopted here is to provide full cache coherency in a
uniform manner on all parisc systems. This involves calling
flush_dcache_page() on kmap operations and flush_kernel_dcache_page() on
kunmap operations. As a result, the copy_user_page() and
clear_user_page() functions can be removed and the overall code is
simpler.
The change ensures that both userspace and kernel aliases to a mapped
page are invalidated and flushed. This is necessary for the correct
operation of PA8800 and PA8900 based systems which do not support
inequivalent aliases.
With this change, I have observed no cache related issues on c8000 and
rp3440. It is now possible for example to do kernel builds with "-j64"
on four way systems.
On systems using XFS file systems, the patch recently posted by Mikulas
Patocka to "fix crash using XFS on loopback" is needed to avoid a hang
caused by an uninitialized lock passed to flush_dcache_page() in the
page struct.
Signed-off-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.9+
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
This is the first patch in a series of 4, with which the page cache flushing of
parisc will gets fixed and enhanced. This even fixes the nasty "minifail" bug
(http://wiki.parisc-linux.org/TestCases?highlight=%28minifail%29) which
prevented parisc to stay an official debian port. Basically the flush in
copy_user_page together with the TLB patch from commit
7139bc1579 is what fixes the minifail bug.
This patch still uses the TMPALIAS approach. The new copy_user_page
implementation calls flush_dcache_page_asm to flush the user dcache page
(crucial for minifail fix) via a kernel TMPALIAS mapping. After that, it just
copies the page using the kernel mapping. It does a final flush if needed.
Generally it is hard to avoid doing some cache flushes using the kernel mapping
(e.g., copy_to_user_page and copy_from_user_page).
This patch depends on a subsequent change to pacache.S implementing
clear_page_asm and copy_page_asm. These are optimized routines to clear and
copy a page. The calls in clear_user_page and copy_user_page could be replaced
by calls to memset and memcpy, respectively. I tested prefetch optimizations
in clear_page_asm and copy_page_asm but didn't see any significant performance
improvement on rp3440. I'm not sure if these are routines are significantly
faster than memset and/or memcpy, but they are there for further performance
evaluation.
Signed-off-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
This was defined in asm/pdc.h which needs to include asm/page.h for
__PAGE_OFFSET. This leads to an include loop so that page.h eventually will
include pdc.h again. While this is no problem because of header guards, it is
a problem because some symbols may be undefined. Such an error is this:
In file included from include/linux/bitops.h:35:0,
from include/asm-generic/getorder.h:7,
from arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h:162,
from arch/parisc/include/asm/pdc.h:346,
from arch/parisc/include/asm/processor.h:16,
from arch/parisc/include/asm/spinlock.h:6,
from arch/parisc/include/asm/atomic.h:20,
from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
from include/linux/sysfs.h:20,
from include/linux/kobject.h:21,
from include/linux/device.h:17,
from include/linux/eisa.h:5,
from arch/parisc/kernel/pci.c:11:
arch/parisc/include/asm/bitops.h: In function ‘set_bit’:
arch/parisc/include/asm/bitops.h:82:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘_atomic_spin_lock_irqsave’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
arch/parisc/include/asm/bitops.h:84:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘_atomic_spin_unlock_irqrestore’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
Signed-off-by: Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current asm-generic/page.h only contains the get_order
function, and asm-generic/uaccess.h only implements
unaligned accesses. This renames the file to getorder.h
and uaccess-unaligned.h to make room for new page.h
and uaccess.h file that will be usable by all simple
(e.g. nommu) architectures.
Signed-off-by: Remis Lima Baima <remis.developer@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
This patch fixes a long outstanding bug on 32bit parisc linux kernels
which prevented us from using 32bit PTE table entries (instead of 64bit
entries of which 32bit were unused).
The problem was caused by this assembler statement in the L2_ptep
macro in arch/parisc/kernel/entry.S:447:
EXTR \va,31-ASM_PGDIR_SHIFT,ASM_BITS_PER_PGD,\index
which expanded to
extrw,u r8,9,11,r1
and which has undefined behavior since the length value (11) extends
beyond the leftmost bit (11-1 > 9).
Interestingly PA2.0 processors seem to don't care and just zero-extend
the value, while PA1.1 processors don't.
Fix this problem by detecting an address space overflow with ASM_BITS_PER_PGD
and adjusting it accordingly. To prevent such problems in the future,
some compile time sanity checks in arch/parisc/mm/init.c were added.
Since the page table now only consumes half of it's old size, we can
use the freed memory to harmonize 32- and 64bit kernels and let both
map 16MB for the initial page table.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Greg Kroah-Hartman