Here is the set of driver core and kernfs changes for 6.2-rc1.
The "big" change in here is the addition of a new macro,
container_of_const() that will preserve the "const-ness" of a pointer
passed into it.
The "problem" of the current container_of() macro is that if you pass in
a "const *", out of it can comes a non-const pointer unless you
specifically ask for it. For many usages, we want to preserve the
"const" attribute by using the same call. For a specific example, this
series changes the kobj_to_dev() macro to use it, allowing it to be used
no matter what the const value is. This prevents every subsystem from
having to declare 2 different individual macros (i.e.
kobj_const_to_dev() and kobj_to_dev()) and having the compiler enforce
the const value at build time, which having 2 macros would not do
either.
The driver for all of this have been discussions with the Rust kernel
developers as to how to properly mark driver core, and kobject, objects
as being "non-mutable". The changes to the kobject and driver core in
this pull request are the result of that, as there are lots of paths
where kobjects and device pointers are not modified at all, so marking
them as "const" allows the compiler to enforce this.
So, a nice side affect of the Rust development effort has been already
to clean up the driver core code to be more obvious about object rules.
All of this has been bike-shedded in quite a lot of detail on lkml with
different names and implementations resulting in the tiny version we
have in here, much better than my original proposal. Lots of subsystem
maintainers have acked the changes as well.
Other than this change, included in here are smaller stuff like:
- kernfs fixes and updates to handle lock contention better
- vmlinux.lds.h fixes and updates
- sysfs and debugfs documentation updates
- device property updates
All of these have been in the linux-next tree for quite a while with no
problems, OTHER than some merge issues with other trees that should be
obvious when you hit them (block tree deletes a driver that this tree
modifies, iommufd tree modifies code that this tree also touches). If
there are merge problems with these trees, please let me know.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iG0EABECAC0WIQT0tgzFv3jCIUoxPcsxR9QN2y37KQUCY5wz3A8cZ3JlZ0Brcm9h
aC5jb20ACgkQMUfUDdst+yks0ACeKYUlVgCsER8eYW+x18szFa2QTXgAn2h/VhZe
1Fp53boFaQkGBjl8mGF8
=v+FB
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'driver-core-6.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the set of driver core and kernfs changes for 6.2-rc1.
The "big" change in here is the addition of a new macro,
container_of_const() that will preserve the "const-ness" of a pointer
passed into it.
The "problem" of the current container_of() macro is that if you pass
in a "const *", out of it can comes a non-const pointer unless you
specifically ask for it. For many usages, we want to preserve the
"const" attribute by using the same call. For a specific example, this
series changes the kobj_to_dev() macro to use it, allowing it to be
used no matter what the const value is. This prevents every subsystem
from having to declare 2 different individual macros (i.e.
kobj_const_to_dev() and kobj_to_dev()) and having the compiler enforce
the const value at build time, which having 2 macros would not do
either.
The driver for all of this have been discussions with the Rust kernel
developers as to how to properly mark driver core, and kobject,
objects as being "non-mutable". The changes to the kobject and driver
core in this pull request are the result of that, as there are lots of
paths where kobjects and device pointers are not modified at all, so
marking them as "const" allows the compiler to enforce this.
So, a nice side affect of the Rust development effort has been already
to clean up the driver core code to be more obvious about object
rules.
All of this has been bike-shedded in quite a lot of detail on lkml
with different names and implementations resulting in the tiny version
we have in here, much better than my original proposal. Lots of
subsystem maintainers have acked the changes as well.
Other than this change, included in here are smaller stuff like:
- kernfs fixes and updates to handle lock contention better
- vmlinux.lds.h fixes and updates
- sysfs and debugfs documentation updates
- device property updates
All of these have been in the linux-next tree for quite a while with
no problems"
* tag 'driver-core-6.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (58 commits)
device property: Fix documentation for fwnode_get_next_parent()
firmware_loader: fix up to_fw_sysfs() to preserve const
usb.h: take advantage of container_of_const()
device.h: move kobj_to_dev() to use container_of_const()
container_of: add container_of_const() that preserves const-ness of the pointer
driver core: fix up missed drivers/s390/char/hmcdrv_dev.c class.devnode() conversion.
driver core: fix up missed scsi/cxlflash class.devnode() conversion.
driver core: fix up some missing class.devnode() conversions.
driver core: make struct class.devnode() take a const *
driver core: make struct class.dev_uevent() take a const *
cacheinfo: Remove of_node_put() for fw_token
device property: Add a blank line in Kconfig of tests
device property: Rename goto label to be more precise
device property: Move PROPERTY_ENTRY_BOOL() a bit down
device property: Get rid of __PROPERTY_ENTRY_ARRAY_EL*SIZE*()
kernfs: fix all kernel-doc warnings and multiple typos
driver core: pass a const * into of_device_uevent()
kobject: kset_uevent_ops: make name() callback take a const *
kobject: kset_uevent_ops: make filter() callback take a const *
kobject: make kobject_namespace take a const *
...
direction misannotations and (hopefully) preventing
more of the same for the future.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iHQEABYIAB0WIQQqUNBr3gm4hGXdBJlZ7Krx/gZQ6wUCY5ZzQAAKCRBZ7Krx/gZQ
65RZAP4nTkvOn0NZLVFkuGOx8pgJelXAvrteyAuecVL8V6CR4AD40qCVY51PJp8N
MzwiRTeqnGDxTTF7mgd//IB6hoatAA==
=bcvF
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'pull-iov_iter' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs
Pull iov_iter updates from Al Viro:
"iov_iter work; most of that is about getting rid of direction
misannotations and (hopefully) preventing more of the same for the
future"
* tag 'pull-iov_iter' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
use less confusing names for iov_iter direction initializers
iov_iter: saner checks for attempt to copy to/from iterator
[xen] fix "direction" argument of iov_iter_kvec()
[vhost] fix 'direction' argument of iov_iter_{init,bvec}()
[target] fix iov_iter_bvec() "direction" argument
[s390] memcpy_real(): WRITE is "data source", not destination...
[s390] zcore: WRITE is "data source", not destination...
[infiniband] READ is "data destination", not source...
[fsi] WRITE is "data source", not destination...
[s390] copy_oldmem_kernel() - WRITE is "data source", not destination
csum_and_copy_to_iter(): handle ITER_DISCARD
get rid of unlikely() on page_copy_sane() calls
Introduce sclp_emergency_printk() which can be used to emit a message
in emergency cases. sclp_emergency_printk() is only supposed to be
used in cases where it can be assumed that regular console device
drivers may not work anymore.
For example this may be the case for unrecoverable machine checks.
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Keep sclp_early_sccb so it can also be used after initdata has been
freed. This is a prerequisite to allow printing a message from the
machine check handler.
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
This adds support to use ECKD disks as dump device
to linux. The new dump type is called 'eckd_dump', parameters
are the same as for eckd ipl.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
This adds support to IPL from ECKD DASDs to linux.
It introduces a few sysfs files in /sys/firmware/reipl/eckd:
bootprog: the boot program selector
clear: whether to issue a diag308 LOAD_NORMAL or LOAD_CLEAR
device: the device to ipl from
br_chr: Cylinder/Head/Record number to read the bootrecord from.
Might be '0' or 'auto' if it should be read from the
volume label.
scpdata: data to be passed to the ipl'd program.
The new ipl type is called 'eckd'.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Make sclp's con_drop sysfs attribute also writable, and allow to
change its value during runtime. This way handling of sclp console
drop handling is consistent with the 3215 device driver.
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Use sysfs_emit() for all sclp sysfs show functions, which is the
current standard way to generate output strings.
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Use kstrobool() to parse sclp_con_drop parameter. This way handling of
valid values for the sclp_con_drop parameter is identical to the
con3215_drop parameter. In particular this allows to pass values like
"yes" and "true", which was not possible before.
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
READ/WRITE proved to be actively confusing - the meanings are
"data destination, as used with read(2)" and "data source, as
used with write(2)", but people keep interpreting those as
"we read data from it" and "we write data to it", i.e. exactly
the wrong way.
Call them ITER_DEST and ITER_SOURCE - at least that is harder
to misinterpret...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
If CONFIG_TN3270_CONSOLE is not enabled clang emits the following warning:
drivers/s390/char/raw3270.c:114:19:
error: unused function 'raw3270_state_final' [-Werror,-Wunused-function]
static inline int raw3270_state_final(struct raw3270 *rp)
Get rid of this warning by making raw3270_state_final() only
available if CONFIG_TN3270_CONSOLE is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Adjust white space according to coding guidelines.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Using z/VM the 3270 terminal emulator also emulates an IBM 3215 console
which outputs line by line. When the screen is full, the console enters
the MORE... state and waits for the operator to confirm the data
on the screen by pressing a clear key. If this does not happen in the
default time frame (currently 50 seconds) the console enters the HOLDING
state.
It then waits another time frame (currently 10 seconds) before the output
continues on the next screen. When the operator presses the clear key
during these wait times, the output continues immediately.
This may lead to a very long boot time when the console
has to print many messages, also the system may hang because of the
console's limited buffer space and the system waits for the console
output to drain and finally to finish. This problem can only occur
when a terminal emulator is actually connected to the 3215 console
driver. If not z/VM simply drops console output.
Remedy this rare situation and add a kernel boot command line parameter
con3215_drop. It can be set to 0 (do not drop) or 1 (do drop) which is
the default. This instructs the kernel drop console data when the
console buffer is full. This speeds up the boot time considerable and
also does not hang the system anymore.
Add a sysfs attribute file for console IBM 3215 named con_drop.
This allows for changing the behavior after the boot, for example when
during interactive debugging a panic/crash is expected.
Here is a test of the new behavior using the following test program:
#/bin/bash
declare -i cnt=4
mode=$(cat /sys/bus/ccw/drivers/3215/con_drop)
[ $mode = yes ] && cnt=25
echo "cons_drop $(cat /sys/bus/ccw/drivers/3215/con_drop)"
echo "vmcp term more 5 2"
vmcp term more 5 2
echo "Run $cnt iterations of "'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger'
for i in $(seq $cnt)
do
echo "$i. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at $(date +%F,%T)"
echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger
sleep 1
done
echo "droptest done" > /dev/kmsg
#
Output with sysfs attribute con_drop set to 1:
# ./droptest.sh
cons_drop yes
vmcp term more 5 2
Run 25 iterations of echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger
1. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:09
2. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:10
3. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:11
4. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:12
5. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:13
6. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:14
7. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:15
8. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:16
9. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:17
10. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:18
11. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:19
12. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:20
13. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:21
14. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:22
15. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:23
16. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:24
17. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:25
18. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:26
19. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:27
20. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:28
21. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:29
22. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:30
23. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:31
24. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:32
25. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:15:33
#
There are no hangs anymore.
Output with sysfs attribute con_drop set to 0 and identical
setting for z/VM console 'term more 5 2'. Sometimes hitting the
clear key at the x3270 console to progress output.
# ./droptest.sh
cons_drop no
vmcp term more 5 2
Run 4 iterations of echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger
1. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:20:58
2. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:24:32
3. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:28:04
4. command 'echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger' at 2022-09-02,10:31:37
#
Details:
Enable function raw3215_write() to handle tab expansion and newlines
and feed it with input not larger than the console buffer of 65536
bytes. Function raw3125_putchar() just forwards its character for
output to raw3215_write().
This moves tab to blank conversion to one function raw3215_write()
which also does call raw3215_make_room() to wait for enough free
buffer space.
Function handle_write() loops over all its input and segments input
into chunks of console buffer size (should the input be larger).
Rework tab expansion handling logic to avoid code duplication.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The functions con3215_write() and tty3215_write() have nearly
identical function bodies and a slightly different function prototype.
Create function handle_write() to handle the common function
body and maintain the function prototypes.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
When a traditional channel-attached device transitions from not-ready to
ready state, an unsolicited DEVICE END I/O interrupt is raised. This
happens for example when a new file arrives in the z/VM virtual reader
device.
Change the Linux kernel to generate a change uevent when such an
interrupt occurs for any online unit record devices supported by the
vmur driver. This can be useful to automatically trigger processing of
files as they arrive in the reader device.
A sample udev rule for running a program when this event occurs looks as
follows:
ENV{DRIVER}=="vmur", ACTION=="change", ENV{EVENT}=="unsol_de", \
RUN{program}="/path/to/program"
The rule can be tested using the following steps:
1. Set reader device online (assuming default reader device number 000c)
$ chzdev -ea 0.0.000c
2. Force a ready-state transition using z/VM's READY CP command
$ vmcp ready 000c
Suggested-by: Alan Altmark <Alan_Altmark@us.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
An existing BUG statement in vmur's interrupt handler triggers if:
1. An online vmur device is removed (e.g. due to driver unload, manual
unbind or channel-report words indicating hypervisor-side device
removal)
2. Device deactivation fails due to firmware/hypervisor error, leaving
subchannel enabled for interrupts + drvdata=NULL
3. Interrupt occurs
This situation is highly unlikely and not a clear indication of a
general system error that would warrant stopping the full Linux system.
Also it can be prevented completely by clearing the interrupt handler
when unsetting a vmur device's drvdata.
Replace the BUG statement in vmur's interrupt handler by clearing the
interrupt handler callback during device removal. Also move the initial
setting of the interrupt handler callback under lock for consistency
reasons.
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
- Make use of the IBM z16 processor activity instrumentation facility
extension to count neural network processor assist operations: add a new
PMU device driver so that perf can make use of this.
- Rework memcpy_real() to avoid DAT-off mode.
- Rework absolute lowcore access code.
- Various small fixes and improvements all over the code.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iQEzBAABCAAdFiEE3QHqV+H2a8xAv27vjYWKoQLXFBgFAmNB0rUACgkQjYWKoQLX
FBjIwAgAkxPvjr50iK5/exlZR7S2bcEwoCKBUX+D7563SE4jQQp3o5Gt2MZ3hdL0
IKRkPPA/xRV0W7Oj57SvU4xXvxeXINoCPsQQlLrHg77L6B3TlWpmVWXjseunMyfM
zhZTbv1sZ/XcdrnRwMq3P5fb8TnNHiU0/6lBz4Efi92K5NerQ0JBY7w7xbrZwiXD
2R6ZpokXNcaBBtaETpu+PWu6QXyUOpvIeT+b6DG+4/ud2GmY7KNM75l2lzgWXajh
7yHTLTkQTvUF+3jZS2JiRm9rrH/FY3X5PXVg17Q10KmzmVXp5WT75pVyDEuUq0a8
nOj2QsFSX/xDJTcPvrAWZxMuxzLtRg==
=6LMp
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 's390-6.1-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux
Pull s390 updates from Vasily Gorbik:
- Make use of the IBM z16 processor activity instrumentation facility
extension to count neural network processor assist operations: add a
new PMU device driver so that perf can make use of this.
- Rework memcpy_real() to avoid DAT-off mode.
- Rework absolute lowcore access code.
- Various small fixes and improvements all over the code.
* tag 's390-6.1-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux:
s390/pci: remove unused bus_next field from struct zpci_dev
s390/cio: remove unused ccw_device_force_console() declaration
s390/pai: Add support for PAI Extension 1 NNPA counters
s390/mm: fix no previous prototype warnings in maccess.c
s390/mm: uninline copy_oldmem_kernel() function
s390/mm,ptdump: add real memory copy page markers
s390/mm: rework memcpy_real() to avoid DAT-off mode
s390/dump: save IPL CPU registers once DAT is available
s390/pci: convert high_memory to physical address
s390/smp,ptdump: add absolute lowcore markers
s390/smp: rework absolute lowcore access
s390/smp: call smp_reinit_ipl_cpu() before scheduler is available
s390/ptdump: add missing amode31 markers
s390/mm: split lowcore pages with set_memory_4k()
s390/mm: remove unused access parameter from do_fault_error()
s390/delay: sync comment within __delay() with reality
s390: move from strlcpy with unused retval to strscpy
Function memcpy_real() is an univeral data mover that does not
require DAT mode to be able reading from a physical address.
Its advantage is an ability to read from any address, even
those for which no kernel virtual mapping exists.
Although memcpy_real() is interrupt-safe, there are no handlers
that make use of this function. The compiler instrumentation
have to be disabled and separate no-DAT stack used to allow
execution of the function once DAT mode is disabled.
Rework memcpy_real() to overcome these shortcomings. As result,
data copying (which is primarily reading out a crashed system
memory by a user process) is executed on a regular stack with
enabled interrupts. Also, use of memcpy_real_buf swap buffer
becomes unnecessary and the swapping is eliminated.
The above is achieved by using a fixed virtual address range
that spans a single page and remaps that page repeatedly when
memcpy_real() is called for a particular physical address.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
There should be no reason to adjust old ktermios which is going to get
discarded anyway.
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220816115739.10928-9-ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
- Rework copy_oldmem_page() callback to take an iov_iter.
This includes few prerequisite updates and fixes to the
oldmem reading code.
- Rework cpufeature implementation to allow for various CPU feature
indications, which is not only limited to hardware capabilities,
but also allows CPU facilities.
- Use the cpufeature rework to autoload Ultravisor module when CPU
facility 158 is available.
- Add ELF note type for encrypted CPU state of a protected virtual CPU.
The zgetdump tool from s390-tools package will decrypt the CPU state
using a Customer Communication Key and overwrite respective notes to
make the data accessible for crash and other debugging tools.
- Use vzalloc() instead of vmalloc() + memset() in ChaCha20 crypto test.
- Fix incorrect recovery of kretprobe modified return address in stacktrace.
- Switch the NMI handler to use generic irqentry_nmi_enter() and
irqentry_nmi_exit() helper functions.
- Rework the cryptographic Adjunct Processors (AP) pass-through design
to support dynamic changes to the AP matrix of a running guest as well
as to implement more of the AP architecture.
- Minor boot code cleanups.
- Grammar and typo fixes to hmcdrv and tape drivers.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iI0EABYIADUWIQQrtrZiYVkVzKQcYivNdxKlNrRb8AUCYu4dRBccYWdvcmRlZXZA
bGludXguaWJtLmNvbQAKCRDNdxKlNrRb8DnlAP45Sk4cE35T+Z0vdHE2f0uMXE/p
uHNjS3fDZOQVFJ2jZwEA99xPF5qPCttbR/b1VHsMSb30684IT1A4PC7y05kgfAw=
=jCc3
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 's390-5.20-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux
Pull s390 updates from Alexander Gordeev:
- Rework copy_oldmem_page() callback to take an iov_iter.
This includes a few prerequisite updates and fixes to the oldmem
reading code.
- Rework cpufeature implementation to allow for various CPU feature
indications, which is not only limited to hardware capabilities, but
also allows CPU facilities.
- Use the cpufeature rework to autoload Ultravisor module when CPU
facility 158 is available.
- Add ELF note type for encrypted CPU state of a protected virtual CPU.
The zgetdump tool from s390-tools package will decrypt the CPU state
using a Customer Communication Key and overwrite respective notes to
make the data accessible for crash and other debugging tools.
- Use vzalloc() instead of vmalloc() + memset() in ChaCha20 crypto
test.
- Fix incorrect recovery of kretprobe modified return address in
stacktrace.
- Switch the NMI handler to use generic irqentry_nmi_enter() and
irqentry_nmi_exit() helper functions.
- Rework the cryptographic Adjunct Processors (AP) pass-through design
to support dynamic changes to the AP matrix of a running guest as
well as to implement more of the AP architecture.
- Minor boot code cleanups.
- Grammar and typo fixes to hmcdrv and tape drivers.
* tag 's390-5.20-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (46 commits)
Revert "s390/smp: enforce lowcore protection on CPU restart"
Revert "s390/smp: rework absolute lowcore access"
Revert "s390/smp,ptdump: add absolute lowcore markers"
s390/unwind: fix fgraph return address recovery
s390/nmi: use irqentry_nmi_enter()/irqentry_nmi_exit()
s390: add ELF note type for encrypted CPU state of a PV VCPU
s390/smp,ptdump: add absolute lowcore markers
s390/smp: rework absolute lowcore access
s390/setup: rearrange absolute lowcore initialization
s390/boot: cleanup adjust_to_uv_max() function
s390/smp: enforce lowcore protection on CPU restart
s390/tape: fix comment typo
s390/hmcdrv: fix Kconfig "its" grammar
s390/docs: fix warnings for vfio_ap driver doc
s390/docs: fix warnings for vfio_ap driver lock usage doc
s390/crash: support multi-segment iterators
s390/crash: use static swap buffer for copy_to_user_real()
s390/crash: move copy_to_user_real() to crash_dump.c
s390/zcore: fix race when reading from hardware system area
s390/crash: fix incorrect number of bytes to copy to user space
...
KVM/s390, KVM/x86 and common infrastructure changes for 5.20
x86:
* Permit guests to ignore single-bit ECC errors
* Fix races in gfn->pfn cache refresh; do not pin pages tracked by the cache
* Intel IPI virtualization
* Allow getting/setting pending triple fault with KVM_GET/SET_VCPU_EVENTS
* PEBS virtualization
* Simplify PMU emulation by just using PERF_TYPE_RAW events
* More accurate event reinjection on SVM (avoid retrying instructions)
* Allow getting/setting the state of the speaker port data bit
* Refuse starting the kvm-intel module if VM-Entry/VM-Exit controls are inconsistent
* "Notify" VM exit (detect microarchitectural hangs) for Intel
* Cleanups for MCE MSR emulation
s390:
* add an interface to provide a hypervisor dump for secure guests
* improve selftests to use TAP interface
* enable interpretive execution of zPCI instructions (for PCI passthrough)
* First part of deferred teardown
* CPU Topology
* PV attestation
* Minor fixes
Generic:
* new selftests API using struct kvm_vcpu instead of a (vm, id) tuple
x86:
* Use try_cmpxchg64 instead of cmpxchg64
* Bugfixes
* Ignore benign host accesses to PMU MSRs when PMU is disabled
* Allow disabling KVM's "MONITOR/MWAIT are NOPs!" behavior
* x86/MMU: Allow NX huge pages to be disabled on a per-vm basis
* Port eager page splitting to shadow MMU as well
* Enable CMCI capability by default and handle injected UCNA errors
* Expose pid of vcpu threads in debugfs
* x2AVIC support for AMD
* cleanup PIO emulation
* Fixes for LLDT/LTR emulation
* Don't require refcounted "struct page" to create huge SPTEs
x86 cleanups:
* Use separate namespaces for guest PTEs and shadow PTEs bitmasks
* PIO emulation
* Reorganize rmap API, mostly around rmap destruction
* Do not workaround very old KVM bugs for L0 that runs with nesting enabled
* new selftests API for CPUID
Use the possessive "its" instead of the contraction "it's"
where appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220715020010.12678-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Pull changes that finalize switching of copy_oldmem_page() callback
to iov_iter interface. These changes were pulled in work.iov_iter of
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs.git
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Make it possible to handle not only single-, but also multi-
segment iterators in copy_oldmem_iter() callback. Change the
semantics of called functions to match the iterator model -
instead of an error code the exact number of bytes copied is
returned.
The swap page used to copy data to user space is adopted for
kernel space too. That does not bring any performance impact.
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Fixes: cc02e6e21a ("s390/crash: add missing iterator advance in copy_oldmem_page()")
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/5af6da3a0bffe48a90b0b7139ecf6a818b2d18e8.1658206891.git.agordeev@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Memory buffer used for reading out data from hardware system
area is not protected against concurrent access.
Reported-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Fixes: 411ed32257 ("[S390] zfcpdump support.")
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/e68137f0f9a0d2558f37becc20af18e2939934f6.1658206891.git.agordeev@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Make sure the uvdevice driver will be automatically loaded when
facility 158 is available.
Signed-off-by: Steffen Eiden <seiden@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220713125644.16121-4-seiden@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Detect the Adapter Interruption Source ID Interpretation facility.
Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220606203325.110625-3-mjrosato@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
* ultravisor communication device driver
* fix TEID on terminating storage key ops
RISC-V:
* Added Sv57x4 support for G-stage page table
* Added range based local HFENCE functions
* Added remote HFENCE functions based on VCPU requests
* Added ISA extension registers in ONE_REG interface
* Updated KVM RISC-V maintainers entry to cover selftests support
ARM:
* Add support for the ARMv8.6 WFxT extension
* Guard pages for the EL2 stacks
* Trap and emulate AArch32 ID registers to hide unsupported features
* Ability to select and save/restore the set of hypercalls exposed
to the guest
* Support for PSCI-initiated suspend in collaboration with userspace
* GICv3 register-based LPI invalidation support
* Move host PMU event merging into the vcpu data structure
* GICv3 ITS save/restore fixes
* The usual set of small-scale cleanups and fixes
x86:
* New ioctls to get/set TSC frequency for a whole VM
* Allow userspace to opt out of hypercall patching
* Only do MSR filtering for MSRs accessed by rdmsr/wrmsr
AMD SEV improvements:
* Add KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN metadata for SEV-ES
* V_TSC_AUX support
Nested virtualization improvements for AMD:
* Support for "nested nested" optimizations (nested vVMLOAD/VMSAVE,
nested vGIF)
* Allow AVIC to co-exist with a nested guest running
* Fixes for LBR virtualizations when a nested guest is running,
and nested LBR virtualization support
* PAUSE filtering for nested hypervisors
Guest support:
* Decoupling of vcpu_is_preempted from PV spinlocks
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iQFIBAABCAAyFiEE8TM4V0tmI4mGbHaCv/vSX3jHroMFAmKN9M4UHHBib256aW5p
QHJlZGhhdC5jb20ACgkQv/vSX3jHroNLeAf+KizAlQwxEehHHeNyTkZuKyMawrD6
zsqAENR6i1TxiXe7fDfPFbO2NR0ZulQopHbD9mwnHJ+nNw0J4UT7g3ii1IAVcXPu
rQNRGMVWiu54jt+lep8/gDg0JvPGKVVKLhxUaU1kdWT9PhIOC6lwpP3vmeWkUfRi
PFL/TMT0M8Nfryi0zHB0tXeqg41BiXfqO8wMySfBAHUbpv8D53D2eXQL6YlMM0pL
2quB1HxHnpueE5vj3WEPQ3PCdy1M2MTfCDBJAbZGG78Ljx45FxSGoQcmiBpPnhJr
C6UGP4ZDWpml5YULUoA70k5ylCbP+vI61U4vUtzEiOjHugpPV5wFKtx5nw==
=ozWx
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
Pull kvm updates from Paolo Bonzini:
"S390:
- ultravisor communication device driver
- fix TEID on terminating storage key ops
RISC-V:
- Added Sv57x4 support for G-stage page table
- Added range based local HFENCE functions
- Added remote HFENCE functions based on VCPU requests
- Added ISA extension registers in ONE_REG interface
- Updated KVM RISC-V maintainers entry to cover selftests support
ARM:
- Add support for the ARMv8.6 WFxT extension
- Guard pages for the EL2 stacks
- Trap and emulate AArch32 ID registers to hide unsupported features
- Ability to select and save/restore the set of hypercalls exposed to
the guest
- Support for PSCI-initiated suspend in collaboration with userspace
- GICv3 register-based LPI invalidation support
- Move host PMU event merging into the vcpu data structure
- GICv3 ITS save/restore fixes
- The usual set of small-scale cleanups and fixes
x86:
- New ioctls to get/set TSC frequency for a whole VM
- Allow userspace to opt out of hypercall patching
- Only do MSR filtering for MSRs accessed by rdmsr/wrmsr
AMD SEV improvements:
- Add KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN metadata for SEV-ES
- V_TSC_AUX support
Nested virtualization improvements for AMD:
- Support for "nested nested" optimizations (nested vVMLOAD/VMSAVE,
nested vGIF)
- Allow AVIC to co-exist with a nested guest running
- Fixes for LBR virtualizations when a nested guest is running, and
nested LBR virtualization support
- PAUSE filtering for nested hypervisors
Guest support:
- Decoupling of vcpu_is_preempted from PV spinlocks"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (199 commits)
KVM: x86: Fix the intel_pt PMI handling wrongly considered from guest
KVM: selftests: x86: Sync the new name of the test case to .gitignore
Documentation: kvm: reorder ARM-specific section about KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_SUSPEND
x86, kvm: use correct GFP flags for preemption disabled
KVM: LAPIC: Drop pending LAPIC timer injection when canceling the timer
x86/kvm: Alloc dummy async #PF token outside of raw spinlock
KVM: x86: avoid calling x86 emulator without a decoded instruction
KVM: SVM: Use kzalloc for sev ioctl interfaces to prevent kernel data leak
x86/fpu: KVM: Set the base guest FPU uABI size to sizeof(struct kvm_xsave)
s390/uv_uapi: depend on CONFIG_S390
KVM: selftests: x86: Fix test failure on arch lbr capable platforms
KVM: LAPIC: Trace LAPIC timer expiration on every vmentry
KVM: s390: selftest: Test suppression indication on key prot exception
KVM: s390: Don't indicate suppression on dirtying, failing memop
selftests: drivers/s390x: Add uvdevice tests
drivers/s390/char: Add Ultravisor io device
MAINTAINERS: Update KVM RISC-V entry to cover selftests support
RISC-V: KVM: Introduce ISA extension register
RISC-V: KVM: Cleanup stale TLB entries when host CPU changes
RISC-V: KVM: Add remote HFENCE functions based on VCPU requests
...
This patch adds a new miscdevice to expose some Ultravisor functions
to userspace. Userspace can send IOCTLs to the uvdevice that will then
emit a corresponding Ultravisor Call and hands the result over to
userspace. The uvdevice is available if the Ultravisor Call facility is
present.
Userspace can call the Retrieve Attestation Measurement
Ultravisor Call using IOCTLs on the uvdevice.
The uvdevice will do some sanity checks first.
Then, copy the request data to kernel space, build the UVCB,
perform the UV call, and copy the result back to userspace.
Signed-off-by: Steffen Eiden <seiden@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20220516113335.338212-1-seiden@linux.ibm.com/
Message-Id: <20220516113335.338212-1-seiden@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> (whitespace and tristate fixes, pick)
Currently many console drivers for s390 rely on panic/reboot notifiers
to invoke callbacks on these events. The panic() function disables local
IRQs, secondary CPUs and preemption, so callbacks invoked on panic are
effectively running in atomic context.
Happens that most of these console callbacks from s390 doesn't take the
proper care with regards to atomic context, like taking spinlocks that
might be taken in other function/CPU and hence will cause a lockup
situation.
The goal for this patch is to improve the notifiers reliability, acting
on 4 console drivers, as detailed below:
(1) con3215: changed a regular spinlock to the trylock alternative.
(2) con3270: also changed a regular spinlock to its trylock counterpart,
but here we also have another problem: raw3270_activate_view() takes a
different spinlock. So, we worked a helper to validate if this other lock
is safe to acquire, and if so, raw3270_activate_view() should be safe.
Notice though that there is a functional change here: it's now possible
to continue the notifier code [reaching con3270_wait_write() and
con3270_rebuild_update()] without executing raw3270_activate_view().
(3) sclp: a global lock is used heavily in the functions called from
the notifier, so we added a check here - if the lock is taken already,
we just bail-out, preventing the lockup.
(4) sclp_vt220: same as (3), a lock validation was added to prevent the
potential lockup problem.
Besides (1)-(4), we also removed useless void functions, adding the
code called from the notifier inside its own body, and changed the
priority of such notifiers to execute late, since they are "heavyweight"
for the panic environment, so we aim to reduce risks here.
Changed return values to NOTIFY_DONE as well, the standard one.
Signed-off-by: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@igalia.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220427224924.592546-14-gpiccoli@igalia.com
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The presence of the IPL-complete-control facility can be derived
from the hypervisor's SCLP info response.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
cleanup the s390's use of the timer API
- del_timer() contains timer_pending() condition
- mod_timer(timer, expires) is equivalent to:
del_timer(timer);
timer->expires = expires;
add_timer(timer);
If the timer is inactive it will be activated, using add_timer() on
condition !timer_pending(&private->timer) is redundant.
Just cleanup, no logic change.
Signed-off-by: Yu Liao <liaoyu15@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220322030057.1243196-1-liaoyu15@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
This silences the following coccinelle warning:
drivers/s390/char/tape_34xx.c:360:38-39: WARNING: sum of probable bitmasks, consider |
Signed-off-by: Haowen Bai <baihaowen@meizu.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1647334421-29989-1-git-send-email-baihaowen@meizu.com
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Follow arm64 and riscv and move the EX_TABLE define to asm-extable.h
which is a lot less generic than the current linkage.h.
Also make sure that all files which contain EX_TABLE usages actually
include the new header file. This should make sure that the files
always compile and there won't be any random compile breakage due to
other header file dependencies.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
There is a confusion with regard to the source address of
memcpy_real() and calling functions. While the declared
type for a source assumes a virtual address, in fact it
always called with physical address of the source.
This confusion led to bugs in copy_oldmem_kernel() and
copy_oldmem_user() functions, where __pa() macro applied
mistakenly to physical addresses. It does not lead to a
real issue, since virtual and physical addresses are
currently the same.
Fix both the bugs and memcpy_real() prototype by making
type of source address consistent to the function name
and the way it actually used.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Due to historical reasons sclp_sdias_copy() misuses
the notion of physical vs virtual addresses difference.
Note: this does not fix a bug currently, since virtual
and physical addresses are identical.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Remove my old invalid email address which can be found in a couple of
files. Instead of updating it, just remove my contact data completely
from source files.
We have git and other tools which allow to figure out who is responsible
for what with recent contact data.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Here is the big set of tty/serial driver updates for 5.17-rc1.
Nothing major in here, just lots of good updates and fixes, including:
- more tty core cleanups from Jiri as well as mxser driver
cleanups. This is the majority of the core diffstat
- tty documentation updates from Jiri
- platform_get_irq() updates
- various serial driver updates for new features and hardware
- fifo usage for 8250 console, reducing cpu load a lot
- LED fix for keyboards, long-time bugfix that went through many
revisions
- minor cleanups
All have been in linux-next for a while with no reported problems.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iG0EABECAC0WIQT0tgzFv3jCIUoxPcsxR9QN2y37KQUCYd7Q0g8cZ3JlZ0Brcm9h
aC5jb20ACgkQMUfUDdst+yn3FACgoFZEFY04TU+Cd9mrlRq/mazZm/IAniJfPxOF
U0s57L5o1dlnmawh8mmV
=HSOB
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'tty-5.17-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty
Pull tty/serial driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big set of tty/serial driver updates for 5.17-rc1.
Nothing major in here, just lots of good updates and fixes, including:
- more tty core cleanups from Jiri as well as mxser driver cleanups.
This is the majority of the core diffstat
- tty documentation updates from Jiri
- platform_get_irq() updates
- various serial driver updates for new features and hardware
- fifo usage for 8250 console, reducing cpu load a lot
- LED fix for keyboards, long-time bugfix that went through many
revisions
- minor cleanups
All have been in linux-next for a while with no reported problems"
* tag 'tty-5.17-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty: (119 commits)
serial: core: Keep mctrl register state and cached copy in sync
serial: stm32: correct loop for dma error handling
serial: stm32: fix flow control transfer in DMA mode
serial: stm32: rework TX DMA state condition
serial: stm32: move tx dma terminate DMA to shutdown
serial: pl011: Drop redundant DTR/RTS preservation on close/open
serial: pl011: Drop CR register reset on set_termios
serial: pl010: Drop CR register reset on set_termios
serial: liteuart: fix MODULE_ALIAS
serial: 8250_bcm7271: Fix return error code in case of dma_alloc_coherent() failure
Revert "serdev: BREAK/FRAME/PARITY/OVERRUN notification prototype V2"
tty: goldfish: Use platform_get_irq() to get the interrupt
serdev: BREAK/FRAME/PARITY/OVERRUN notification prototype V2
tty: serial: meson: Drop the legacy compatible strings and clock code
serial: pmac_zilog: Use platform_get_irq() to get the interrupt
serial: bcm63xx: Use platform_get_irq() to get the interrupt
serial: ar933x: Use platform_get_irq() to get the interrupt
serial: vt8500: Use platform_get_irq() to get the interrupt
serial: altera_jtaguart: Use platform_get_irq_optional() to get the interrupt
serial: pxa: Use platform_get_irq() to get the interrupt
...
There are currently 2 ways to create a set of sysfs files for a
kobj_type, through the default_attrs field, and the default_groups
field. Move the sclp_sd sysfs code to use default_groups field which
has been the preferred way since commit aa30f47cf6 ("kobject: Add
support for default attribute groups to kobj_type") so that we can
soon get rid of the obsolete default_attrs field.
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220106095252.3273905-1-gregkh@linuxfoundation.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
memblock_phys_free() is used on a virtual address. Fix this by using
memblock_free().
Note: this doesn't fix a bug currently, since virtual and physical
addresses are identical.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Fix wrong usage of page_to_phys/phys_to_page.
Note: this currently doesn't fix a real bug, since virtual addresses
are indentical to physical ones.
Acked-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>