I noticed a detail that needs to be adjusted. When judging whether a page
is allocated by vmalloc, the value of the variable "tmp" was repeatedly
judged, so the code was adjusted.
This work is coauthored by Yinan Zhang, Jiajian Ye, Shenghong Han, Chongxi
Zhao, Yuhong Feng and Yongqiang Liu.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220414042744.13896-1-caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Haowen Bai <baihaowen@meizu.com>
Cc: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yongqiang Liu <liuyongqiang13@huawei.com>
Cc: Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
An application is suspected of having memory leak when its memory
consumption is high and keeps increasing. There are several commonly used
memory allocators: slab, cma, vmalloc, etc. The memory leak
identification can be sped up if the page information allocated by an
allocator can be analyzed separately.
This patch provides supports for memory allocator labelling for slab,
vmalloc, and cma. The pages allocated by slab and cma can be confirmed
from the "PFN" line according to the kernel codes, and the label of the
vmalloc allocator can be obtained by analyzing the stack trace. Thanks
for Vlastimil Babka's constructive suggestions.
Based on Yinan Zhang's study, the call chain of vmalloc() is vmalloc() ->
... -> __vmalloc_node_range() -> __vmalloc_area_node().
__vmalloc_area_node() requests memory through the interface of buddy
allocation system. In the current version, __vmalloc_area_node() uses
four interfaces: alloc_pages_bulk_array_mempolicy(),
alloc_pages_bulk_array_node(), alloc_pages() and alloc_pages_node(). By
disassembling the code, we find that __vmalloc_area_node() is expanded in
__vmalloc_node_range(). So __vmalloc_area_node is not in the stack trace.
On the test machine, the stack trace of pages allocated by vmalloc has the
following four forms:
__alloc_pages_bulk+0x230/0x6a0
__vmalloc_node_range+0x19c/0x598
alloc_pages_bulk_array_mempolicy+0xbc/0x278
__vmalloc_node_range+0x1e8/0x598
__alloc_pages+0x160/0x2b0
__vmalloc_node_range+0x234/0x598
alloc_pages+0xac/0x150
__vmalloc_node_range+0x44c/0x598
Therefore, in two consecutive lines of stacktrace, if the first line
contains the word "alloc_pages" and the second line contains the word
"__vmalloc_node_range", it can be determined that the page is allocated by
vmalloc. And the function offset and size are not the same on different
machines, so there is no need to match them.
At the same time, this patch updates the --cull and --sort options to
support allocator-based merge statistics and sorting. The added functions
are fully compatible with the original work. When using, you can use
"allocator", or abbreviated as "ator". Relevant updates have also been
made in the documentation(Documentation/vm/page_owner.rst).
Example:
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --cull=st,pid,name,allocator
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --sort=ator,pid,name
This work is coauthored by Jiajian Ye, Yinan Zhang, Shenghong Han,
Chongxi Zhao, Yuhong Feng and Yongqiang Liu.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220410132932.9402-1-caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Haowen Bai <baihaowen@meizu.com>
Cc: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yongqiang Liu <liuyongqiang13@huawei.com>
Cc: Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
As normal usage, tool will print huge parser log and spend a lot of time
printing, so it would be preferable add "-d" debug control to avoid this
problem.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1649672446-5685-1-git-send-email-baihaowen@meizu.com
Signed-off-by: Haowen Bai <baihaowen@meizu.com>
Cc: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yongqiang Liu <liuyongqiang13@huawei.com>
Cc: Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When viewing page owner information, we may want to sort blocks of
information by multiple keys, since one single key does not uniquely
identify a block. Therefore, following adjustments are made:
1. Add a new --sort option to support sorting blocks of information by
multiple keys.
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --sort=<order>
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --sort <order>
<order> is a single argument in the form of a comma-separated list,
which offers a way to specify sorting order.
Sorting syntax is [+|-]key[,[+|-]key[,...]]. The ascending or descending
order can be specified by adding the + (ascending, default) or - (descend
-ing) prefix to the key:
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> [option] --sort -key1,+key2,key3...
For example, to sort the blocks first by task command name in lexicographic
order and then by pid in ascending numerical order, use the following:
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --sort=name,+pid
To sort the blocks first by pid in ascending order and then by timestamp
of the page when it is allocated in descending order, use the following:
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --sort=pid,-alloc_ts
2. Add explanations of a newly added --sort option in the function usage()
and the document(Documentation/vm/page_owner.rst).
This work is coauthored by
Yixuan Cao
Shenghong Han
Yinan Zhang
Chongxi Zhao
Yuhong Feng
Yongqiang Liu
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220401024856.767-3-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yongqiang Liu <liuyongqiang13@huawei.com>
Cc: Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Haowen Bai <baihaowen@meizu.com>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When viewing page owner information, we may want to select blocks whose
PID/TGID/TASK_COMM_NAME appears in a user-specified list for data analysis
and aggregation. But currently page_owner_sort only supports selecting
blocks associated with only one specified PID/TGID/TASK_COMM_NAME.
Therefore, following adjustments are made to fix the problem:
1. Enhance selecting function to support the selection of multiple
PIDs/TGIDs/TASK_COMM_NAMEs.
The enhanced usages are as follows:
--pid <pidlist> Select by pid. This selects the blocks whose PID
numbers appear in <pidlist>.
--tgid <tgidlist> Select by tgid. This selects the blocks whose
TGID numbers appear in <tgidlist>.
--name <cmdlist> Select by task command name. This selects the
blocks whose task command name appear in <cmdlist>.
Where <pidlist>, <tgidlist>, <cmdlist> are single arguments in the form of
a comma-separated list,which offers a way to specify individual selecting
rules.
For example, if you want to select blocks whose tgids are 1, 2 or 3, you
have to use 4 commands as follows:
./page_owner_sort <input> <output1> --tgid=1
./page_owner_sort <input> <output2> --tgid=2
./page_owner_sort <input> <output3> --tgid=3
cat <output1> <output2> <output3> > <output>
With this patch, you can use only 1 command to obtain the same result as
above:
./page_owner_sort <input> <output1> --tgid=1,2,3
2. Update explanations of --pid, --tgid and --name in the function
usage() and the document(Documents/vm/page_owner.rst).
This work is coauthored by
Yixuan Cao
Shenghong Han
Yinan Zhang
Chongxi Zhao
Yuhong Feng
Yongqiang Liu
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220401024856.767-2-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yongqiang Liu <liuyongqiang13@huawei.com>
Cc: Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Haowen Bai <baihaowen@meizu.com>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Error messages should be send to stderr using fprintf() instead of
printf().
This work is coauthored by
Yixuan Cao
Shenghong Han
Yinan Zhang
Chongxi Zhao
Yuhong Feng
Yongqiang Liu
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220401024856.767-1-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yongqiang Liu <liuyongqiang13@huawei.com>
Cc: Haowen Bai <baihaowen@meizu.com>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The -c option is used to cull by stacktrace. Now, --cull option has
been Added in page_owner_sort.c. Culling by stacktrace is one of the
function of "--cull". No need to set an extra parameter. So remove -c
option.
Remove parsing of -c when parse parameter and remove "-c" from usage.
This work is coauthored by
Shenghong Han
Yixuan Cao
Chongxi Zhao
Jiajian Ye
Yuhong Feng
Yongqiang Liu
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220326085920.1470081-1-zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Georgi Djakov <georgi.djakov@linaro.org>
Cc: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yongqiang Liu <liuyongqiang13@huawei.com>
Cc: Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When viewing page owner information, we may want to cull blocks of
information with our own rules. So it is important to enhance culling
function to provide the support for customizing culling rules.
Therefore, following adjustments are made:
1. Add --cull option to support the culling of blocks of information
with user-defined culling rules.
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --cull=<rules>
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --cull <rules>
<rules> is a single argument in the form of a comma-separated list to
specify individual culling rules, by the sequence of keys k1,k2, ....
Mixed use of abbreviated and complete-form of keys is allowed.
For reference, please see the document(Documentation/vm/page_owner.rst).
Now, assuming two blocks in the input file are as follows:
Page allocated via order 0, mask xxxx, pid 1, tgid 1 (task_name_demo)
PFN xxxx
prep_new_page+0xd0/0xf8
get_page_from_freelist+0x4a0/0x1290
__alloc_pages+0x168/0x340
alloc_pages+0xb0/0x158
Page allocated via order 0, mask xxxx, pid 32, tgid 32 (task_name_demo)
PFN xxxx
prep_new_page+0xd0/0xf8
get_page_from_freelist+0x4a0/0x1290
__alloc_pages+0x168/0x340
alloc_pages+0xb0/0x158
If we want to cull the blocks by stacktrace and task command name, we can
use this command:
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --cull=stacktrace,name
The output would be like:
2 times, 2 pages, task_comm_name: task_name_demo
prep_new_page+0xd0/0xf8
get_page_from_freelist+0x4a0/0x1290
__alloc_pages+0x168/0x340
alloc_pages+0xb0/0x158
As we can see, these two blocks are culled successfully, for they share
the same pid and task command name.
However, if we want to cull the blocks by pid, stacktrace and task command
name, we can this command:
./page_owner_sort <input> <output> --cull=stacktrace,name,pid
The output would be like:
1 times, 1 pages, PID 1, task_comm_name: task_name_demo
prep_new_page+0xd0/0xf8
get_page_from_freelist+0x4a0/0x1290
__alloc_pages+0x168/0x340
alloc_pages+0xb0/0x158
1 times, 1 pages, PID 32, task_comm_name: task_name_demo
prep_new_page+0xd0/0xf8
get_page_from_freelist+0x4a0/0x1290
__alloc_pages+0x168/0x340
alloc_pages+0xb0/0x158
As we can see, these two blocks are failed to cull, for their PIDs are
different.
2. Add explanations of --cull options to the document.
This work is coauthored by
Yixuan Cao
Shenghong Han
Yinan Zhang
Chongxi Zhao
Yuhong Feng
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220312145834.624-1-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When viewing page owner information, we may also need to select the blocks
by PID, TGID or task command name, which helps to get more accurate page
allocation information as needed.
Therefore, following adjustments are made:
1. Add three new options, including --pid, --tgid and --name, to support
the selection of information blocks by a specific pid, tgid and task
command name. In addtion, multiple options are allowed to be used at
the same time.
./page_owner_sort [input] [output] --pid <PID>
./page_owner_sort [input] [output] --tgid <TGID>
./page_owner_sort [input] [output] --name <TASK_COMMAND_NAME>
Assuming a scenario when a multi-threaded program, ./demo (PID =
5280), is running, and ./demo creates a child process (PID = 5281).
$ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
5215 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
5280 pts/0 00:00:00 ./demo
5281 pts/0 00:00:00 ./demo
5282 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
It would be better to filter out the records with tgid=5280 and the
task name "demo" when debugging the parent process, and the specific
usage is
./page_owner_sort [input] [output] --tgid 5280 --name demo
2. Add explanations of three new options, including --pid, --tgid and
--name, to the document.
This work is coauthored by
Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>,
Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>,
Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>,
Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>,
Yuhong Feng <yuhongf@szu.edu.cn>.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1646835223-7584-1-git-send-email-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When viewing page owner information, we may also need to the block to be
sorted by task command name. Therefore, the following adjustments are
made:
1. Add a member variable to record task command name of block.
2. Add a new -n option to sort the information of blocks by task command
name.
3. Add -n option explanation in the document.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220306030640.43054-2-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The following adjustments are made:
1. Instead of using another array to cull the blocks after sorting,
reuse the old array. So there is no need to malloc a new array.
2. When enabling '-f' option to filter out the blocks which have been
released, only add those have not been released in the list, rather
than add all of blocks in the list and then do the filtering when
printing the result.
3. When enabling '-c' option to cull the blocks by comparing
stacktrace, print the stacetrace rather than the total block.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220306030640.43054-1-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the "page owner" information is read, the information sorted
by TGID is expected.
As a result, the following adjustments have been made:
1. Add a new -P option to sort the information of blocks by TGID in
ascending order.
2. Adjust the order of member variables in block_list strust to avoid
one 4 byte hole.
3. Add -P option explanation in the document.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220301151438.166118-3-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a security check after using malloc() to allocate memory.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220301151438.166118-2-yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Jiajian Ye <yejiajian2018@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I noticed a discrepancy between the usage method and the code logic.
If we enable the -f option, it should be "Filter out the information of
blocks whose memory has been released".
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220219143106.2805-1-caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I noticed that there is two invalid lines of duplicate code. It's better
to delete it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211213095743.3630-1-caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Yixuan Cao <caoyixuan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1) There is an unused variable. It's better to delete it.
2) One case is missing in the usage().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211213164518.2461-1-hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Shenghong Han <hanshenghong2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When viewing the page owner information, we expect that the information
can be sorted by PID, so that we can quickly combine PID with the program
to check the information together.
We also expect that the information can be sorted by time. Time sorting
helps to view the running status of the program according to the time
interval when the program hangs up.
Finally, we hope to pass the page_ owner_ Sort. C can reduce part of the
output and only output the plate information whose memory has not been
released, which can make us locate the problem of the program faster.
Therefore, the following adjustments have been made:
1. Add the static functions search_pattern and check_regcomp to
improve the cleanliness.
2. Add member attributes and their corresponding sorting methods. In
terms of comparison time, int will overflow because the data of ull is
too large, so the ternary operator is used
3. Add the -f parameter to filter out the information of blocks whose
memory has not been released
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211206165653.5093-1-zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Chongxi Zhao <zhaochongxi2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Reviewed-by: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Culling by comparing stacktrace would casue loss of some information. For
example, if there exists 2 blocks which have the same stacktrace and the
different head info
Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x108c48(...), pid 73696,
ts 1578829190639010 ns, free_ts 1576583851324450 ns
prep_new_page+0x80/0xb8
get_page_from_freelist+0x924/0xee8
__alloc_pages+0x138/0xc18
alloc_pages+0x80/0xf0
__page_cache_alloc+0x90/0xc8
Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x108c48(...), pid 61806,
ts 1354113726046100 ns, free_ts 1354104926841400 ns
prep_new_page+0x80/0xb8
get_page_from_freelist+0x924/0xee8
__alloc_pages+0x138/0xc18
alloc_pages+0x80/0xf0
__page_cache_alloc+0x90/0xc8
After culling, it would be like this
2 times, 2 pages:
Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x108c48(...), pid 73696,
ts 1578829190639010 ns, free_ts 1576583851324450 ns
prep_new_page+0x80/0xb8
get_page_from_freelist+0x924/0xee8
__alloc_pages+0x138/0xc18
alloc_pages+0x80/0xf0
__page_cache_alloc+0x90/0xc8
The info of second block missed. So, add -c to turn on culling by
stacktrace. By default, it will cull by txt.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211129145658.2491-1-zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Cc: Changhee Han <ch0.han@lge.com>
Cc: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds the ability to sort by stacktraces. This is helpful when
comparing multiple dumps of page_owner taken at different times, since
blocks will not be reordered if they were allocated/free'd.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211124193709.1805776-2-seanga2@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Changhee Han <ch0.han@lge.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The contents of page_owner have changed to include more information than
the stack trace. On a modern kernel, the blocks look like
Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x0(), pid 1, ts 165564237 ns, free_ts 0 ns
register_early_stack+0x4b/0x90
init_page_owner+0x39/0x250
kernel_init_freeable+0x11e/0x242
kernel_init+0x16/0x130
Sorting by the contents of .txt will result in almost no repeated pages,
as the pid, ts, and free_ts will almost never be the same. Instead,
sort by the contents of the stack trace, which we assume to be whatever
is after the first line.
[seanga2@gmail.com: fix NULL-pointer dereference when comparing stack traces]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211125162653.1855958-1-seanga2@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211124193709.1805776-1-seanga2@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Anderson <seanga2@gmail.com>
Cc: Changhee Han <ch0.han@lge.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Yinan Zhang <zhangyinan2019@email.szu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When viewing page owner information, we may be more concerned about the
total memory rather than the times of stack appears. Therefore, the
following adjustments are made:
1. Added the statistics on the total number of pages.
2. Added the optional parameter "-m" to configure the program to sort by
memory (total pages).
The general output of page_owner is as follows:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
The original page_owner_sort ignores PFN rows, puts the remaining rows
in buf, counts the times of buf, and finally sorts them according to the
times. General output:
XXX times:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
Now, we use regexp to extract the page order value from the buf, and
count the total pages for the buf. General output:
XXX times, XXX pages:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
By default, it is still sorted by the times of buf; If you want to sort
by the pages nums of buf, use the new -m parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1631678242-41033-1-git-send-email-weizhenliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiaoming Ni <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To see a sorted result from page_owner, there must be a tiresome
preprocessing step before running page_owner_sort. This patch simply
filters out lines which start with "PFN" while reading the page owner
report.
Signed-off-by: Changhee Han <ch0.han@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200429052940.16968-1-ch0.han@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The example in comment does not useable because the output binary is
named "page_owner_sort", not "sort".
Also add a reference to Documentation/vm/page_owner.rst
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1546515361-8317-1-git-send-email-miles.chen@mediatek.com
Signed-off-by: Miles Chen <miles.chen@mediatek.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Page owner will be changed to store more deep stacktrace so current
temporary buffer size isn't enough. Increase it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464230275-25791-5-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the page owner tracking code which is introduced so far ago. It
is resident on Andrew's tree, though, nobody tried to upstream so it
remain as is. Our company uses this feature actively to debug memory leak
or to find a memory hogger so I decide to upstream this feature.
This functionality help us to know who allocates the page. When
allocating a page, we store some information about allocation in extra
memory. Later, if we need to know status of all pages, we can get and
analyze it from this stored information.
In previous version of this feature, extra memory is statically defined in
struct page, but, in this version, extra memory is allocated outside of
struct page. It enables us to turn on/off this feature at boottime
without considerable memory waste.
Although we already have tracepoint for tracing page allocation/free,
using it to analyze page owner is rather complex. We need to enlarge the
trace buffer for preventing overlapping until userspace program launched.
And, launched program continually dump out the trace buffer for later
analysis and it would change system behaviour with more possibility rather
than just keeping it in memory, so bad for debug.
Moreover, we can use page_owner feature further for various purposes. For
example, we can use it for fragmentation statistics implemented in this
patch. And, I also plan to implement some CMA failure debugging feature
using this interface.
I'd like to give the credit for all developers contributed this feature,
but, it's not easy because I don't know exact history. Sorry about that.
Below is people who has "Signed-off-by" in the patches in Andrew's tree.
Contributor:
Alexander Nyberg <alexn@dsv.su.se>
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Yixuan Cao