Every page allocated or freed is checked for sanity to avoid corruptions
that are difficult to detect later. A bad page could be due to a number
of fields. Instead of using multiple branches, this patch combines
multiple fields into a single branch. A detailed check is only
necessary if that check fails.
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
initonce-v1r20 multcheck-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 359.00 ( 0.00%) 348.00 ( 3.06%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 260.00 ( 0.00%) 254.00 ( 2.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 214.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 0.47%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 186.00 ( 0.00%) 186.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 173.00 ( 0.00%) 173.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 165.00 ( 0.00%) 166.00 ( -0.61%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 162.00 ( 0.00%) 162.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 161.00 ( 0.00%) 160.00 ( 0.62%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 170.00 ( 0.00%) 169.00 ( 0.59%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 181.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 0.55%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 190.00 ( 0.00%) 188.00 ( 1.05%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 196.00 ( 0.00%) 194.00 ( 1.02%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 202.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 1.49%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 205.00 ( 0.00%) 202.00 ( 1.46%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 205.00 ( 0.00%) 203.00 ( 0.98%)
Again, the benefit is marginal but avoiding excessive branches is
important. Ideally the paths would not have to check these conditions
at all but regrettably abandoning the tests would make use-after-free
bugs much harder to detect.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The classzone_idx can be inferred from preferred_zoneref so remove the
unnecessary field and save stack space.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The allocator fast path looks up the first usable zone in a zonelist and
then get_page_from_freelist does the same job in the zonelist iterator.
This patch preserves the necessary information.
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
fastmark-v1r20 initonce-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 364.00 ( 0.00%) 359.00 ( 1.37%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 262.00 ( 0.00%) 260.00 ( 0.76%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 214.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 186.00 ( 0.00%) 186.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 173.00 ( 0.00%) 173.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 165.00 ( 0.00%) 165.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 161.00 ( 0.00%) 162.00 ( -0.62%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 159.00 ( 0.00%) 161.00 ( -1.26%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 168.00 ( 0.00%) 170.00 ( -1.19%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 180.00 ( 0.00%) 181.00 ( -0.56%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 190.00 ( 0.00%) 190.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 196.00 ( 0.00%) 196.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 202.00 ( 0.00%) 202.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 206.00 ( 0.00%) 205.00 ( 0.49%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 206.00 ( 0.00%) 205.00 ( 0.49%)
The benefit is negligible and the results are within the noise but each
cycle counts.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Watermarks have to be checked on every allocation including the number
of pages being allocated and whether reserves can be accessed. The
reserves only matter if memory is limited and the free_pages adjustment
only applies to high-order pages. This patch adds a shortcut for
order-0 pages that avoids numerous calculations if there is plenty of
free memory yielding the following performance difference in a page
allocator microbenchmark;
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
optfair-v1r20 fastmark-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 380.00 ( 0.00%) 364.00 ( 4.21%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 273.00 ( 0.00%) 262.00 ( 4.03%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 227.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 5.73%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 196.00 ( 0.00%) 186.00 ( 5.10%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 183.00 ( 0.00%) 173.00 ( 5.46%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 173.00 ( 0.00%) 165.00 ( 4.62%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 169.00 ( 0.00%) 161.00 ( 4.73%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 169.00 ( 0.00%) 159.00 ( 5.92%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 180.00 ( 0.00%) 168.00 ( 6.67%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 190.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 5.26%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 198.00 ( 0.00%) 190.00 ( 4.04%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 204.00 ( 0.00%) 196.00 ( 3.92%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 209.00 ( 0.00%) 202.00 ( 3.35%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 213.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 3.29%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 214.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 3.74%)
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The fair zone allocation policy is not without cost but it can be
reduced slightly. This patch removes an unnecessary local variable,
checks the likely conditions of the fair zone policy first, uses a bool
instead of a flags check and falls through when a remote node is
encountered instead of doing a full restart. The benefit is marginal
but it's there
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
decstat-v1r20 optfair-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 377.00 ( 0.00%) 380.00 ( -0.80%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 273.00 ( 0.00%) 273.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 226.00 ( 0.00%) 227.00 ( -0.44%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 196.00 ( 0.00%) 196.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 183.00 ( 0.00%) 183.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 175.00 ( 0.00%) 173.00 ( 1.14%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 172.00 ( 0.00%) 169.00 ( 1.74%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 170.00 ( 0.00%) 169.00 ( 0.59%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 183.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 1.64%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 191.00 ( 0.00%) 190.00 ( 0.52%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 199.00 ( 0.00%) 198.00 ( 0.50%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 204.00 ( 0.00%) 204.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 210.00 ( 0.00%) 209.00 ( 0.48%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 213.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 214.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 0.00%)
The benefit is marginal at best but one of the most important benefits,
avoiding a second search when falling back to another node is not
triggered by this particular test so the benefit for some corner cases
is understated.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The page allocator fast path checks page multiple times unnecessarily.
This patch avoids all the slowpath checks if the first allocation
attempt succeeds.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When bulk freeing pages from the per-cpu lists the zone is checked for
isolated pageblocks on every release. This patch checks it once per
drain.
[mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix locking radce, per Vlastimil]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__GFP_HARDWALL only has meaning in the context of cpusets but the fast
path always applies the flag on the first attempt. Move the
manipulations into the cpuset paths where they will be masked by a
static branch in the common case.
With the other micro-optimisations in this series combined, the impact
on a page allocator microbenchmark is
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
decstat-v1r20 micro-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 381.00 ( 0.00%) 377.00 ( 1.05%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 275.00 ( 0.00%) 273.00 ( 0.73%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 229.00 ( 0.00%) 226.00 ( 1.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 199.00 ( 0.00%) 196.00 ( 1.51%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 186.00 ( 0.00%) 183.00 ( 1.61%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 179.00 ( 0.00%) 175.00 ( 2.23%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 174.00 ( 0.00%) 172.00 ( 1.15%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 172.00 ( 0.00%) 170.00 ( 1.16%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 181.00 ( 0.00%) 183.00 ( -1.10%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 193.00 ( 0.00%) 191.00 ( 1.04%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 201.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 1.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 206.00 ( 0.00%) 204.00 ( 0.97%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 212.00 ( 0.00%) 210.00 ( 0.94%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 215.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 0.93%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 216.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 0.93%)
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page is guaranteed to be set before it is read with or without the
initialisation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
zonelist here is a copy of a struct field that is used once. Ditch it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The number of zones skipped to a zone expiring its fair zone allocation
quota is irrelevant. Convert to bool.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
alloc_flags is a bitmask of flags but it is signed which does not
necessarily generate the best code depending on the compiler. Even
without an impact, it makes more sense that this be unsigned.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pageblocks have an associated bitmap to store migrate types and whether
the pageblock should be skipped during compaction. The bitmap may be
associated with a memory section or a zone but the zone is looked up
unconditionally. The compiler should optimise this away automatically
so this is a cosmetic patch only in many cases.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The page allocator iterates through a zonelist for zones that match the
addressing limitations and nodemask of the caller but many allocations
will not be restricted. Despite this, there is always functional call
overhead which builds up.
This patch inlines the optimistic basic case and only calls the iterator
function for the complex case. A hindrance was the fact that
cpuset_current_mems_allowed is used in the fastpath as the allowed
nodemask even though all nodes are allowed on most systems. The patch
handles this by only considering cpuset_current_mems_allowed if a cpuset
exists. As well as being faster in the fast-path, this removes some
junk in the slowpath.
The performance difference on a page allocator microbenchmark is;
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
statinline-v1r20 optiter-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 412.00 ( 0.00%) 382.00 ( 7.28%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 301.00 ( 0.00%) 282.00 ( 6.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 247.00 ( 0.00%) 233.00 ( 5.67%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 215.00 ( 0.00%) 203.00 ( 5.58%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 199.00 ( 0.00%) 188.00 ( 5.53%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 191.00 ( 0.00%) 182.00 ( 4.71%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 187.00 ( 0.00%) 177.00 ( 5.35%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 185.00 ( 0.00%) 175.00 ( 5.41%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 193.00 ( 0.00%) 184.00 ( 4.66%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 207.00 ( 0.00%) 197.00 ( 4.83%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 213.00 ( 0.00%) 203.00 ( 4.69%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 220.00 ( 0.00%) 209.00 ( 5.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 226.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 5.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 229.00 ( 0.00%) 218.00 ( 4.80%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 229.00 ( 0.00%) 219.00 ( 4.37%)
perf indicated that next_zones_zonelist disappeared in the profile and
__next_zones_zonelist did not appear. This is expected as the
micro-benchmark would hit the inlined fast-path every time.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The PageAnon check always checks for compound_head but this is a
relatively expensive check if the caller already knows the page is a
head page. This patch creates a helper and uses it in the page free
path which only operates on head pages.
With this patch and "Only check PageCompound for high-order pages", the
performance difference on a page allocator microbenchmark is;
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
vanilla nocompound-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 425.00 ( 0.00%) 417.00 ( 1.88%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 313.00 ( 0.00%) 308.00 ( 1.60%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 257.00 ( 0.00%) 253.00 ( 1.56%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 224.00 ( 0.00%) 221.00 ( 1.34%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 208.00 ( 0.00%) 205.00 ( 1.44%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 199.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 195.00 ( 0.00%) 193.00 ( 1.03%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 192.00 ( 0.00%) 191.00 ( 0.52%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 204.00 ( 0.00%) 200.00 ( 1.96%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 213.00 ( 0.00%) 212.00 ( 0.47%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 219.00 ( 0.00%) 219.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 225.00 ( 0.00%) 225.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 230.00 ( 0.00%) 231.00 ( -0.43%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 235.00 ( 0.00%) 234.00 ( 0.43%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 235.00 ( 0.00%) 234.00 ( 0.43%)
Min free-odr0-1 215.00 ( 0.00%) 191.00 ( 11.16%)
Min free-odr0-2 152.00 ( 0.00%) 136.00 ( 10.53%)
Min free-odr0-4 119.00 ( 0.00%) 107.00 ( 10.08%)
Min free-odr0-8 106.00 ( 0.00%) 96.00 ( 9.43%)
Min free-odr0-16 97.00 ( 0.00%) 87.00 ( 10.31%)
Min free-odr0-32 91.00 ( 0.00%) 83.00 ( 8.79%)
Min free-odr0-64 89.00 ( 0.00%) 81.00 ( 8.99%)
Min free-odr0-128 88.00 ( 0.00%) 80.00 ( 9.09%)
Min free-odr0-256 106.00 ( 0.00%) 95.00 ( 10.38%)
Min free-odr0-512 116.00 ( 0.00%) 111.00 ( 4.31%)
Min free-odr0-1024 125.00 ( 0.00%) 118.00 ( 5.60%)
Min free-odr0-2048 133.00 ( 0.00%) 126.00 ( 5.26%)
Min free-odr0-4096 136.00 ( 0.00%) 130.00 ( 4.41%)
Min free-odr0-8192 138.00 ( 0.00%) 130.00 ( 5.80%)
Min free-odr0-16384 137.00 ( 0.00%) 130.00 ( 5.11%)
There is a sizable boost to the free allocator performance. While there
is an apparent boost on the allocation side, it's likely a co-incidence
or due to the patches slightly reducing cache footprint.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Right now the oom reaper will clear TIF_MEMDIE only for tasks which were
successfully reaped. This is the safest option because we know that
such an oom victim would only block forward progress of the oom killer
without a good reason because it is highly unlikely it would release
much more memory. Basically most of its memory has been already torn
down.
We can relax this assumption to catch more corner cases though.
The first obvious one is when the oom victim clears its mm and gets
stuck later on. oom_reaper would back of on find_lock_task_mm returning
NULL. We can safely try to clear TIF_MEMDIE in this case because such a
task would be ignored by the oom killer anyway. The flag would be
cleared by that time already most of the time anyway.
The less obvious one is when the oom reaper fails due to mmap_sem
contention. Even if we clear TIF_MEMDIE for this task then it is not
very likely that we would select another task too easily because we
haven't reaped the last victim and so it would be still the #1
candidate. There is a rare race condition possible when the current
victim terminates before the next select_bad_process but considering
that oom_reap_task had retried several times before giving up then this
sounds like a borderline thing.
After this patch we should have a guarantee that the OOM killer will not
be block for unbounded amount of time for most cases.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Raushaniya Maksudova <rmaksudova@parallels.com>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If either the current task is already killed or PF_EXITING or a selected
task is PF_EXITING then the oom killer is suppressed and so is the oom
reaper. This patch adds try_oom_reaper which checks the given task and
queues it for the oom reaper if that is safe to be done meaning that the
task doesn't share the mm with an alive process.
This might help to release the memory pressure while the task tries to
exit.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix nommu build]
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Raushaniya Maksudova <rmaksudova@parallels.com>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__alloc_pages_may_oom is the central place to decide when the
out_of_memory should be invoked. This is a good approach for most
checks there because they are page allocator specific and the allocation
fails right after for all of them.
The notable exception is GFP_NOFS context which is faking
did_some_progress and keep the page allocator looping even though there
couldn't have been any progress from the OOM killer. This patch doesn't
change this behavior because we are not ready to allow those allocation
requests to fail yet (and maybe we will face the reality that we will
never manage to safely fail these request). Instead __GFP_FS check is
moved down to out_of_memory and prevent from OOM victim selection there.
There are two reasons for that
- OOM notifiers might release some memory even from this context
as none of the registered notifier seems to be FS related
- this might help a dying thread to get an access to memory
reserves and move on which will make the behavior more
consistent with the case when the task gets killed from a
different context.
Keep a comment in __alloc_pages_may_oom to make sure we do not forget
how GFP_NOFS is special and that we really want to do something about
it.
Note to the current oom_notifier users:
The observable difference for you is that oom notifiers cannot depend on
any fs locks because we could deadlock. Not that this would be allowed
today because that would just lockup machine in most of the cases and
ruling out the OOM killer along the way. Another difference is that
callbacks might be invoked sooner now because GFP_NOFS is a weaker
reclaim context and so there could be reclaimable memory which is just
not reachable now. That would require GFP_NOFS only loads which are
really rare and more importantly the observable result would be dropping
of reconstructible object and potential performance drop which is not
such a big deal when we are struggling to fulfill other important
allocation requests.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Raushaniya Maksudova <rmaksudova@parallels.com>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE specifies the default value for the
memory hotplug onlining policy. Add a command line parameter to make it
possible to override the default. It may come handy for debug and
testing purposes.
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset continues the work I started with commit 31bc3858ea
("memory-hotplug: add automatic onlining policy for the newly added
memory").
Initially I was going to stop there and bring the policy setting logic
to userspace. I met two issues on this way:
1) It is possible to have memory hotplugged at boot (e.g. with QEMU).
These blocks stay offlined if we turn the onlining policy on by
userspace.
2) My attempt to bring this policy setting to systemd failed, systemd
maintainers suggest to change the default in kernel or ... to use
tmpfiles.d to alter the policy (which looks like a hack to me):
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/2938
Here I suggest to add a config option to set the default value for the
policy and a kernel command line parameter to make the override.
This patch (of 2):
Introduce config option to set the default value for memory hotplug
onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks). The
reason one would want to turn this option on are to have early onlining
for hotpluggable memory available at boot and to not require any
userspace actions to make memory hotplug work.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak Kconfig text]
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Whatever huge pagecache implementation we go with, file rmap locking
must be added to anon rmap locking, when mremap's move_page_tables()
finds a pmd_trans_huge pmd entry: a simple change, let's do it now.
Factor out take_rmap_locks() and drop_rmap_locks() to handle the locking
for make move_ptes() and move_page_tables(), and delete the
VM_BUG_ON_VMA which rejected vm_file and required anon_vma.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove move_huge_pmd()'s redundant new_vma arg: all it was used for was
a VM_NOHUGEPAGE check on new_vma flags, but the new_vma is cloned from
the old vma, so a trans_huge_pmd in the new_vma will be as acceptable as
it was in the old vma, alignment and size permitting.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Provide /proc/sys/vm/stat_refresh to force an immediate update of
per-cpu into global vmstats: useful to avoid a sleep(2) or whatever
before checking counts when testing. Originally added to work around a
bug which left counts stranded indefinitely on a cpu going idle (an
inaccuracy magnified when small below-batch numbers represent "huge"
amounts of memory), but I believe that bug is now fixed: nonetheless,
this is still a useful knob.
Its schedule_on_each_cpu() is probably too expensive just to fold into
reading /proc/meminfo itself: give this mode 0600 to prevent abuse.
Allow a write or a read to do the same: nothing to read, but "grep -h
Shmem /proc/sys/vm/stat_refresh /proc/meminfo" is convenient. Oh, and
since global_page_state() itself is careful to disguise any underflow as
0, hack in an "Invalid argument" and pr_warn() if a counter is negative
after the refresh - this helped to fix a misaccounting of
NR_ISOLATED_FILE in my migration code.
But on recent kernels, I find that NR_ALLOC_BATCH and NR_PAGES_SCANNED
often go negative some of the time. I have not yet worked out why, but
have no evidence that it's actually harmful. Punt for the moment by
just ignoring the anomaly on those.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Although shmem_fault() has been careful to count a major fault to vm_mm,
shmem_getpage_gfp() has been careless in charging a remote access fault
to current->mm owner's memcg instead of to vma->vm_mm owner's memcg:
that is inconsistent with all the mem_cgroup charging on remote access
faults in mm/memory.c.
Fix it by passing fault_mm along with fault_type to
shmem_get_page_gfp(); but in that case, now knowing the right mm, it's
better for it to handle the PGMAJFAULT updates itself.
And let's keep this clutter out of most callers' way: change the common
shmem_getpage() wrapper to hide fault_mm and fault_type as well as gfp.
Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make a few cleanups in mm/shmem.c, before going on to complicate it.
shmem_alloc_page() will become more complicated: we can't afford to to
have that complication duplicated between a CONFIG_NUMA version and a
!CONFIG_NUMA version, so rearrange the #ifdef'ery there to yield a
single shmem_swapin() and a single shmem_alloc_page().
Yes, it's a shame to inflict the horrid pseudo-vma on non-NUMA
configurations, but eliminating it is a larger cleanup: I have an
alloc_pages_mpol() patchset not yet ready - mpol handling is subtle and
bug-prone, and changed yet again since my last version.
Move __SetPageLocked, __SetPageSwapBacked from shmem_getpage_gfp() to
shmem_alloc_page(): that SwapBacked flag will be useful in future, to
help to distinguish different cases appropriately.
And the SGP_DIRTY variant of SGP_CACHE is hard to understand and of
little use (IIRC it dates back to when shmem_getpage() returned the page
unlocked): kill it and do the necessary in shmem_file_read_iter().
But an arm64 build then complained that info may be uninitialized (where
shmem_getpage_gfp() deletes a freshly alloced page beyond eof), and
advancing to an "sgp <= SGP_CACHE" test jogged it back to reality.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
v3.16 commit 07a4278843 ("mm: shmem: avoid atomic operation during
shmem_getpage_gfp") rightly replaced one instance of SetPageSwapBacked
by __SetPageSwapBacked, pointing out that the newly allocated page is
not yet visible to other users (except speculative get_page_unless_zero-
ers, who may not update page flags before their further checks).
That was part of a series in which Mel was focused on tmpfs profiles:
but almost all SetPageSwapBacked uses can be so optimized, with the same
justification.
Remove ClearPageSwapBacked from __read_swap_cache_async() error path:
it's not an error to free a page with PG_swapbacked set.
Follow a convention of __SetPageLocked, __SetPageSwapBacked instead of
doing it differently in different places; but that's for tidiness - if
the ordering actually mattered, we should not be using the __variants.
There's probably scope for further __SetPageFlags in other places, but
SwapBacked is the one I'm interested in at the moment.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Konstantin Khlebnikov pointed out (nearly four years ago, when lumpy
reclaim was removed) that lru_size can be updated by -nr_taken once per
call to isolate_lru_pages(), instead of page by page.
Update it inside isolate_lru_pages(), or at its two callsites? I chose
to update it at the callsites, rearranging and grouping the updates by
nr_taken and nr_scanned together in both.
With one exception, mem_cgroup_update_lru_size(,lru,) is then used where
__mod_zone_page_state(,NR_LRU_BASE+lru,) is used; and we shall be adding
some more calls in a future commit. Make the code a little smaller and
simpler by incorporating stat update in lru_size update.
The exception was move_active_pages_to_lru(), which aggregated the
pgmoved stat update separately from the individual lru_size updates; but
I still think this a simplification worth making.
However, the __mod_zone_page_state is not peculiar to mem_cgroups: so
better use the name update_lru_size, calls mem_cgroup_update_lru_size
when CONFIG_MEMCG.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Though debug kernels have a VM_BUG_ON to help protect from misaccounting
lru_size, non-debug kernels are liable to wrap it around: and then the
vast unsigned long size draws page reclaim into a loop of repeatedly
doing nothing on an empty list, without even a cond_resched().
That soft lockup looks confusingly like an over-busy reclaim scenario,
with lots of contention on the lru_lock in shrink_inactive_list(): yet
has a totally different origin.
Help differentiate with a custom warning in
mem_cgroup_update_lru_size(), even in non-debug kernels; and reset the
size to avoid the lockup. But the particular bug which suggested this
change was mine alone, and since fixed.
Make it a WARN_ONCE: the first occurrence is the most informative, a
flurry may follow, yet even when rate-limited little more is learnt.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Nobody uses it.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
node_page_state() manually adds statistics per each zone and returns
total value for all zones. Whenever we add a new zone, we need to
consider this function and it's really troublesome. Make it handle all
zones by itself.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
nr_free_highpages() manually adds statistics per each highmem zone and
returns a total value for them. Whenever we add a new highmem zone, we
need to consider this function and it's really troublesome. Make it
handle all highmem zones by itself.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ZONE_MOVABLE could be treated as highmem so we need to consider it for
accurate statistics. And, in following patches, ZONE_CMA will be
introduced and it can be treated as highmem, too. So, instead of
manually adding stat of ZONE_MOVABLE, looping all zones and check
whether the zone is highmem or not and add stat of the zone which can be
treated as highmem.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ZONE_MOVABLE could be treated as highmem so we need to consider it for
accurate calculation of dirty pages. And, in following patches,
ZONE_CMA will be introduced and it can be treated as highmem, too. So,
instead of manually adding stat of ZONE_MOVABLE, looping all zones and
check whether the zone is highmem or not and add stat of the zone which
can be treated as highmem.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a system thats node's pfns are overlapped as follows:
-----pfn-------->
N0 N1 N2 N0 N1 N2
Therefore, we need to care this overlapping when iterating pfn range.
mark_free_pages() iterates requested zone's pfn range and unset all
range's bitmap first. And then it marks freepages in a zone to the
bitmap. If there is an overlapping zone, above unset could clear
previous marked bit and reference to this bitmap in the future will
cause the problem. To prevent it, this patch adds a zone check in
mark_free_pages().
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a system thats node's pfns are overlapped as follows:
-----pfn-------->
N0 N1 N2 N0 N1 N2
Therefore, we need to care this overlapping when iterating pfn range.
There are one place in page_owner.c that iterates pfn range and it
doesn't consider this overlapping. Add it.
Without this patch, above system could over count early allocated page
number before page_owner is activated.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a system thats node's pfns are overlapped as follows:
-----pfn-------->
N0 N1 N2 N0 N1 N2
Therefore, we need to care this overlapping when iterating pfn range.
There are two places in vmstat.c that iterates pfn range and they don't
consider this overlapping. Add it.
Without this patch, above system could over count pageblock number on a
zone.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__offline_isolated_pages() and test_pages_isolated() are used by memory
hotplug. These functions require that range is in a single zone but
there is no code to do this because memory hotplug checks it before
calling these functions. To avoid confusing future user of these
functions, this patch adds comments to them.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset deals with some problematic sites that iterate pfn ranges.
There is a system thats node's pfns are overlapped as follows:
-----pfn-------->
N0 N1 N2 N0 N1 N2
Therefore, we need to take care of this overlapping when iterating pfn
range.
I audit many iterating sites that uses pfn_valid(), pfn_valid_within(),
zone_start_pfn and etc. and others looks safe to me. This is a
preparation step for a new CMA implementation, ZONE_CMA
(https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/2/12/95), because it would be easily
overlapped with other zones. But, zone overlap check is also needed for
the general case so I send it separately.
This patch (of 5):
alloc_gigantic_page() uses alloc_contig_range() and this requires that
the requested range is in a single zone. To satisfy this requirement,
add this check to pfn_range_valid_gigantic().
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Compaction drains the local pcplists each time migration scanner moves
away from a cc->order aligned block where it isolated pages for
migration, so that the pages freed by migrations can merge into higher
orders.
The detection is currently coarser than it could be. The
cc->last_migrated_pfn variable should track the lowest pfn that was
isolated for migration. But it is set to the pfn where
isolate_migratepages_block() starts scanning, which is typically the
first pfn of the pageblock. There, the scanner might fail to isolate
several order-aligned blocks, and then isolate COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX in
another block. This would cause the pcplists drain to be performed,
although the scanner didn't yet finish the block where it isolated from.
This patch thus makes cc->last_migrated_pfn handling more accurate by
setting it to the pfn of an actually isolated page in
isolate_migratepages_block(). Although practical effects of this patch
are likely low, it arguably makes the intent of the code more obvious.
Also the next patch will make async direct compaction skip blocks more
aggressively, and draining pcplists due to skipped blocks is wasteful.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Compaction code has accumulated numerous instances of manual
calculations of the first (inclusive) and last (exclusive) pfn of a
pageblock (or a smaller block of given order), given a pfn within the
pageblock.
Wrap these calculations by introducing pageblock_start_pfn(pfn) and
pageblock_end_pfn(pfn) macros.
[vbabka@suse.cz: fix crash in get_pfnblock_flags_mask() from isolate_freepages():]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This check effectively catches anon vma hierarchy inconsistence and some
vma corruptions. It was effective for catching corner cases in anon vma
reusing logic. For now this code seems stable so check could be hidden
under CONFIG_DEBUG_VM and replaced with WARN because it's not so fatal.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Suggested-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This code was pretty obscure and was relying upon obscure side-effects
of next_node(-1, ...) and was relying upon NUMA_NO_NODE being equal to
-1.
Clean that all up and document the function's intent.
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__free_pages_boot_core has parameter pfn which is not used at all.
Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Li Zhang <zhlcindy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pan Xinhui <xinhui.pan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
> The comment seems to have not much to do with the code?
I guess the comment tries to say that the code path is triggered when we
charge the page which happens _before_ it is added to the LRU list and
so last_scanned_node might contain the stale data.
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make is_mem_section_removable() return bool to improve readability due
to this particular function only using either one or zero as its return
value.
Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When any unsupported hugepage size is specified, 'hugepagesz=' and
'hugepages=' should be ignored during command line parsing until any
supported hugepage size is found. But currently incorrect number of
hugepages are allocated when unsupported size is specified as it fails
to ignore the 'hugepages=' command.
Test case:
Note that this is specific to x86 architecture.
Boot the kernel with command line option 'hugepagesz=256M hugepages=X'.
After boot, dmesg output shows that X number of hugepages of the size 2M
is pre-allocated instead of 0.
So, to handle such command line options, introduce new routine
hugetlb_bad_size. The routine hugetlb_bad_size sets the global variable
parsed_valid_hugepagesz. We are using parsed_valid_hugepagesz to save
the state when unsupported hugepagesize is found so that we can ignore
the 'hugepages=' parameters after that and then reset the variable when
supported hugepage size is found.
The routine hugetlb_bad_size can be called while setting 'hugepagesz='
parameter in an architecture specific code.
Signed-off-by: Vaishali Thakkar <vaishali.thakkar@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Dominik Dingel <dingel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It was observed that minimum size accounting associated with the
hugetlbfs min_size mount option may not perform optimally and as
expected. As huge pages/reservations are released from the filesystem
and given back to the global pools, they are reserved for subsequent
filesystem use as long as the subpool reserved count is less than
subpool minimum size. It does not take into account used pages within
the filesystem. The filesystem size limits are not exceeded and this is
technically not a bug. However, better behavior would be to wait for
the number of used pages/reservations associated with the filesystem to
drop below the minimum size before taking reservations to satisfy
minimum size.
An optimization is also made to the hugepage_subpool_get_pages() routine
which is called when pages/reservations are allocated. This does not
change behavior, but simply avoids the accounting if all reservations
have already been taken (subpool reserved count == 0).
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Lots of code does
node = next_node(node, XXX);
if (node == MAX_NUMNODES)
node = first_node(XXX);
so create next_node_in() to do this and use it in various places.
[mhocko@suse.com: use next_node_in() helper]
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@xiaomi.com>
Cc: Wang Xiaoqiang <wangxq10@lzu.edu.cn>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many developers already know that field for reference count of the
struct page is _count and atomic type. They would try to handle it
directly and this could break the purpose of page reference count
tracepoint. To prevent direct _count modification, this patch rename it
to _refcount and add warning message on the code. After that, developer
who need to handle reference count will find that field should not be
accessed directly.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comments, per Vlastimil]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt too]
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: sync ethernet driver changes]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Sunil Goutham <sgoutham@cavium.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Manish Chopra <manish.chopra@qlogic.com>
Cc: Yuval Mintz <yuval.mintz@qlogic.com>
Cc: Tariq Toukan <tariqt@mellanox.com>
Cc: Saeed Mahameed <saeedm@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page_reference manipulation functions are introduced to track down
reference count change of the page. Use it instead of direct
modification of _count.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Sunil Goutham <sgoutham@cavium.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
/sys/kernel/slab/xx/defrag_ratio should be remote_node_defrag_ratio.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463449242-5366-1-git-send-email-lip@dtdream.com
Signed-off-by: Li Peng <lip@dtdream.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now we have IS_ENABLED helper to check if a Kconfig option is enabled or
not, so ZONE_DMA_FLAG sounds no longer useful.
And, the use of ZONE_DMA_FLAG in slab looks pointless according to the
comment [1] from Johannes Weiner, so remove them and ORing passed in
flags with the cache gfp flags has been done in kmem_getpages().
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/9/25/553
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462381297-11009-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Provides an optional config (CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM) to randomize
the SLAB freelist. The list is randomized during initialization of a
new set of pages. The order on different freelist sizes is pre-computed
at boot for performance. Each kmem_cache has its own randomized
freelist. Before pre-computed lists are available freelists are
generated dynamically. This security feature reduces the predictability
of the kernel SLAB allocator against heap overflows rendering attacks
much less stable.
For example this attack against SLUB (also applicable against SLAB)
would be affected:
https://jon.oberheide.org/blog/2010/09/10/linux-kernel-can-slub-overflow/
Also, since v4.6 the freelist was moved at the end of the SLAB. It
means a controllable heap is opened to new attacks not yet publicly
discussed. A kernel heap overflow can be transformed to multiple
use-after-free. This feature makes this type of attack harder too.
To generate entropy, we use get_random_bytes_arch because 0 bits of
entropy is available in the boot stage. In the worse case this function
will fallback to the get_random_bytes sub API. We also generate a shift
random number to shift pre-computed freelist for each new set of pages.
The config option name is not specific to the SLAB as this approach will
be extended to other allocators like SLUB.
Performance results highlighted no major changes:
Hackbench (running 90 10 times):
Before average: 0.0698
After average: 0.0663 (-5.01%)
slab_test 1 run on boot. Difference only seen on the 2048 size test
being the worse case scenario covered by freelist randomization. New
slab pages are constantly being created on the 10000 allocations.
Variance should be mainly due to getting new pages every few
allocations.
Before:
Single thread testing
=====================
1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
10000 times kmalloc(8) -> 99 cycles kfree -> 112 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16) -> 109 cycles kfree -> 140 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32) -> 129 cycles kfree -> 137 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64) -> 141 cycles kfree -> 141 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128) -> 152 cycles kfree -> 148 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256) -> 195 cycles kfree -> 167 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512) -> 257 cycles kfree -> 199 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 393 cycles kfree -> 251 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 649 cycles kfree -> 228 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 806 cycles kfree -> 370 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192) -> 814 cycles kfree -> 411 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384) -> 892 cycles kfree -> 455 cycles
2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
10000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384)/kfree -> 119 cycles
After:
Single thread testing
=====================
1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
10000 times kmalloc(8) -> 130 cycles kfree -> 86 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16) -> 118 cycles kfree -> 86 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32) -> 121 cycles kfree -> 85 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64) -> 176 cycles kfree -> 102 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128) -> 178 cycles kfree -> 100 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256) -> 205 cycles kfree -> 109 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512) -> 262 cycles kfree -> 136 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 342 cycles kfree -> 157 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 701 cycles kfree -> 238 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 803 cycles kfree -> 364 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192) -> 835 cycles kfree -> 404 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384) -> 896 cycles kfree -> 441 cycles
2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
10000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 123 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 142 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384)/kfree -> 119 cycles
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: propagate gfp_t into cache_random_seq_create()]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we call __kmem_cache_shrink on memory cgroup removal, we need to
synchronize kmem_cache->cpu_partial update with put_cpu_partial that
might be running on other cpus. Currently, we achieve that by using
kick_all_cpus_sync, which works as a system wide memory barrier. Though
fast it is, this method has a flaw - it issues a lot of IPIs, which
might hurt high performance or real-time workloads.
To fix this, let's replace kick_all_cpus_sync with synchronize_sched.
Although the latter one may take much longer to finish, it shouldn't be
a problem in this particular case, because memory cgroups are destroyed
asynchronously from a workqueue so that no user visible effects should
be introduced. OTOH, it will save us from excessive IPIs when someone
removes a cgroup.
Anyway, even if using synchronize_sched turns out to take too long, we
can always introduce a kind of __kmem_cache_shrink batching so that this
method would only be called once per one cgroup destruction (not per
each per memcg kmem cache as it is now).
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To check whether free objects exist or not precisely, we need to grab a
lock. But, accuracy isn't that important because race window would be
even small and if there is too much free object, cache reaper would reap
it. So, this patch makes the check for free object exisistence not to
hold a lock. This will reduce lock contention in heavily allocation
case.
Note that until now, n->shared can be freed during the processing by
writing slabinfo, but, with some trick in this patch, we can access it
freely within interrupt disabled period.
Below is the result of concurrent allocation/free in slab allocation
benchmark made by Christoph a long time ago. I make the output simpler.
The number shows cycle count during alloc/free respectively so less is
better.
* Before
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(32): Average=248/966
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(64): Average=261/949
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(128): Average=314/1016
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(256): Average=741/1061
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(512): Average=1246/1152
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(1024): Average=2437/1259
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(2048): Average=4980/1800
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(4096): Average=9000/2078
* After
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(32): Average=344/792
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(64): Average=347/882
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(128): Average=390/959
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(256): Average=393/1067
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(512): Average=683/1229
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(1024): Average=1295/1325
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(2048): Average=2513/1664
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(4096): Average=4742/2172
It shows that allocation performance decreases for the object size up to
128 and it may be due to extra checks in cache_alloc_refill(). But,
with considering improvement of free performance, net result looks the
same. Result for other size class looks very promising, roughly, 50%
performance improvement.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Until now, cache growing makes a free slab on node's slab list and then
we can allocate free objects from it. This necessarily requires to hold
a node lock which is very contended. If we refill cpu cache before
attaching it to node's slab list, we can avoid holding a node lock as
much as possible because this newly allocated slab is only visible to
the current task. This will reduce lock contention.
Below is the result of concurrent allocation/free in slab allocation
benchmark made by Christoph a long time ago. I make the output simpler.
The number shows cycle count during alloc/free respectively so less is
better.
* Before
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(32): Average=355/750
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(64): Average=452/812
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(128): Average=559/1070
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(256): Average=1176/980
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(512): Average=1939/1189
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(1024): Average=3521/1278
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(2048): Average=7152/1838
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(4096): Average=13438/2013
* After
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(32): Average=248/966
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(64): Average=261/949
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(128): Average=314/1016
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(256): Average=741/1061
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(512): Average=1246/1152
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(1024): Average=2437/1259
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(2048): Average=4980/1800
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(4096): Average=9000/2078
It shows that contention is reduced for all the object sizes and
performance increases by 30 ~ 40%.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is a preparation step to implement lockless allocation path when
there is no free objects in kmem_cache.
What we'd like to do here is to refill cpu cache without holding a node
lock. To accomplish this purpose, refill should be done after new slab
allocation but before attaching the slab to the management list. So,
this patch separates cache_grow() to two parts, allocation and attaching
to the list in order to add some code inbetween them in the following
patch.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, cache_grow() assumes that allocated page's nodeid would be
same with parameter nodeid which is used for allocation request. If we
discard this assumption, we can handle fallback_alloc() case gracefully.
So, this patch makes cache_grow() handle the page allocated on arbitrary
node and clean-up relevant code.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Slab color isn't needed to be changed strictly. Because locking for
changing slab color could cause more lock contention so this patch
implements racy access/modify the slab color. This is a preparation
step to implement lockless allocation path when there is no free objects
in the kmem_cache.
Below is the result of concurrent allocation/free in slab allocation
benchmark made by Christoph a long time ago. I make the output simpler.
The number shows cycle count during alloc/free respectively so less is
better.
* Before
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(32): Average=365/806
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(64): Average=452/690
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(128): Average=736/886
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(256): Average=1167/985
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(512): Average=2088/1125
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(1024): Average=4115/1184
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(2048): Average=8451/1748
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(4096): Average=16024/2048
* After
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(32): Average=355/750
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(64): Average=452/812
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(128): Average=559/1070
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(256): Average=1176/980
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(512): Average=1939/1189
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(1024): Average=3521/1278
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(2048): Average=7152/1838
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(4096): Average=13438/2013
It shows that contention is reduced for object size >= 1024 and
performance increases by roughly 15%.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, determination to free a slab is done whenever each freed
object is put into the slab. This has a following problem.
Assume free_limit = 10 and nr_free = 9.
Free happens as following sequence and nr_free changes as following.
free(become a free slab) free(not become a free slab) nr_free: 9 -> 10
(at first free) -> 11 (at second free)
If we try to check if we can free current slab or not on each object
free, we can't free any slab in this situation because current slab
isn't a free slab when nr_free exceed free_limit (at second free) even
if there is a free slab.
However, if we check it lastly, we can free 1 free slab.
This problem would cause to keep too much memory in the slab subsystem.
This patch try to fix it by checking number of free object after all
free work is done. If there is free slab at that time, we can free slab
as much as possible so we keep free slab as minimal.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are mostly same code for setting up kmem_cache_node either in
cpuup_prepare() or alloc_kmem_cache_node(). Factor out and clean-up
them.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Tested-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Tested-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It can be reused on other place, so factor out it. Following patch will
use it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
slabs_tofree() implies freeing all free slab. We can do it with just
providing INT_MAX.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Initial attemp to remove BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC is once reverted by 'commit
edcad25095 ("Revert "slab: remove BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC"")' because it
causes a problem on m68k which has many node but !CONFIG_NUMA. In this
case, although alien cache isn't used at all but to cope with some
initialization path, garbage value is used and that is BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC.
Now, this patch set use_alien_caches to 0 when !CONFIG_NUMA, there is no
initialization path problem so we don't need BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC at all. So
remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While processing concurrent allocation, SLAB could be contended a lot
because it did a lots of work with holding a lock. This patchset try to
reduce the number of critical section to reduce lock contention. Major
changes are lockless decision to allocate more slab and lockless cpu
cache refill from the newly allocated slab.
Below is the result of concurrent allocation/free in slab allocation
benchmark made by Christoph a long time ago. I make the output simpler.
The number shows cycle count during alloc/free respectively so less is
better.
* Before
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(32): Average=365/806
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(64): Average=452/690
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(128): Average=736/886
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(256): Average=1167/985
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(512): Average=2088/1125
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(1024): Average=4115/1184
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(2048): Average=8451/1748
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(4096): Average=16024/2048
* After
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(32): Average=344/792
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(64): Average=347/882
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(128): Average=390/959
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(256): Average=393/1067
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(512): Average=683/1229
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(1024): Average=1295/1325
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(2048): Average=2513/1664
Kmalloc N*alloc N*free(4096): Average=4742/2172
It shows that performance improves greatly (roughly more than 50%) for
the object class whose size is more than 128 bytes.
This patch (of 11):
If we don't hold neither the slab_mutex nor the node lock, node's shared
array cache could be freed and re-populated. If __kmem_cache_shrink()
is called at the same time, it will call drain_array() with n->shared
without holding node lock so problem can happen. This patch fix the
situation by holding the node lock before trying to drain the shared
array.
In addition, add a debug check to confirm that n->shared access race
doesn't exist.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently faults are protected against truncate by filesystem specific
i_mmap_sem and page lock in case of hole page. Cow faults are protected
DAX radix tree entry locking. So there's no need for i_mmap_lock in DAX
code. Remove it.
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
When doing cow faults, we cannot directly fill in PTE as we do for other
faults as we rely on generic code to do proper accounting of the cowed page.
We also have no page to lock to protect against races with truncate as
other faults have and we need the protection to extend until the moment
generic code inserts cowed page into PTE thus at that point we have no
protection of fs-specific i_mmap_sem. So far we relied on using
i_mmap_lock for the protection however that is completely special to cow
faults. To make fault locking more uniform use DAX entry lock instead.
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Currently DAX page fault locking is racy.
CPU0 (write fault) CPU1 (read fault)
__dax_fault() __dax_fault()
get_block(inode, block, &bh, 0) -> not mapped
get_block(inode, block, &bh, 0)
-> not mapped
if (!buffer_mapped(&bh))
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE)
get_block(inode, block, &bh, 1) -> allocates blocks
if (page) -> no
if (!buffer_mapped(&bh))
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
} else {
dax_load_hole();
}
dax_insert_mapping()
And we are in a situation where we fail in dax_radix_entry() with -EIO.
Another problem with the current DAX page fault locking is that there is
no race-free way to clear dirty tag in the radix tree. We can always
end up with clean radix tree and dirty data in CPU cache.
We fix the first problem by introducing locking of exceptional radix
tree entries in DAX mappings acting very similarly to page lock and thus
synchronizing properly faults against the same mapping index. The same
lock can later be used to avoid races when clearing radix tree dirty
tag.
Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Currently we forbid page_cache_tree_insert() to replace exceptional radix
tree entries for DAX inodes. However to make DAX faults race free we will
lock radix tree entries and when hole is created, we need to replace
such locked radix tree entry with a hole page. So modify
page_cache_tree_insert() to allow that.
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Pull vfs cleanups from Al Viro:
"More cleanups from Christoph"
* 'work.preadv2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
nfsd: use RWF_SYNC
fs: add RWF_DSYNC aand RWF_SYNC
ceph: use generic_write_sync
fs: simplify the generic_write_sync prototype
fs: add IOCB_SYNC and IOCB_DSYNC
direct-io: remove the offset argument to dio_complete
direct-io: eliminate the offset argument to ->direct_IO
xfs: eliminate the pos variable in xfs_file_dio_aio_write
filemap: remove the pos argument to generic_file_direct_write
filemap: remove pos variables in generic_file_read_iter
Pull parallel filesystem directory handling update from Al Viro.
This is the main parallel directory work by Al that makes the vfs layer
able to do lookup and readdir in parallel within a single directory.
That's a big change, since this used to be all protected by the
directory inode mutex.
The inode mutex is replaced by an rwsem, and serialization of lookups of
a single name is done by a "in-progress" dentry marker.
The series begins with xattr cleanups, and then ends with switching
filesystems over to actually doing the readdir in parallel (switching to
the "iterate_shared()" that only takes the read lock).
A more detailed explanation of the process from Al Viro:
"The xattr work starts with some acl fixes, then switches ->getxattr to
passing inode and dentry separately. This is the point where the
things start to get tricky - that got merged into the very beginning
of the -rc3-based #work.lookups, to allow untangling the
security_d_instantiate() mess. The xattr work itself proceeds to
switch a lot of filesystems to generic_...xattr(); no complications
there.
After that initial xattr work, the series then does the following:
- untangle security_d_instantiate()
- convert a bunch of open-coded lookup_one_len_unlocked() to calls of
that thing; one such place (in overlayfs) actually yields a trivial
conflict with overlayfs fixes later in the cycle - overlayfs ended
up switching to a variant of lookup_one_len_unlocked() sans the
permission checks. I would've dropped that commit (it gets
overridden on merge from #ovl-fixes in #for-next; proper resolution
is to use the variant in mainline fs/overlayfs/super.c), but I
didn't want to rebase the damn thing - it was fairly late in the
cycle...
- some filesystems had managed to depend on lookup/lookup exclusion
for *fs-internal* data structures in a way that would break if we
relaxed the VFS exclusion. Fixing hadn't been hard, fortunately.
- core of that series - parallel lookup machinery, replacing
->i_mutex with rwsem, making lookup_slow() take it only shared. At
that point lookups happen in parallel; lookups on the same name
wait for the in-progress one to be done with that dentry.
Surprisingly little code, at that - almost all of it is in
fs/dcache.c, with fs/namei.c changes limited to lookup_slow() -
making it use the new primitive and actually switching to locking
shared.
- parallel readdir stuff - first of all, we provide the exclusion on
per-struct file basis, same as we do for read() vs lseek() for
regular files. That takes care of most of the needed exclusion in
readdir/readdir; however, these guys are trickier than lookups, so
I went for switching them one-by-one. To do that, a new method
'->iterate_shared()' is added and filesystems are switched to it
as they are either confirmed to be OK with shared lock on directory
or fixed to be OK with that. I hope to kill the original method
come next cycle (almost all in-tree filesystems are switched
already), but it's still not quite finished.
- several filesystems get switched to parallel readdir. The
interesting part here is dealing with dcache preseeding by readdir;
that needs minor adjustment to be safe with directory locked only
shared.
Most of the filesystems doing that got switched to in those
commits. Important exception: NFS. Turns out that NFS folks, with
their, er, insistence on VFS getting the fuck out of the way of the
Smart Filesystem Code That Knows How And What To Lock(tm) have
grown the locking of their own. They had their own homegrown
rwsem, with lookup/readdir/atomic_open being *writers* (sillyunlink
is the reader there). Of course, with VFS getting the fuck out of
the way, as requested, the actual smarts of the smart filesystem
code etc. had become exposed...
- do_last/lookup_open/atomic_open cleanups. As the result, open()
without O_CREAT locks the directory only shared. Including the
->atomic_open() case. Backmerge from #for-linus in the middle of
that - atomic_open() fix got brought in.
- then comes NFS switch to saner (VFS-based ;-) locking, killing the
homegrown "lookup and readdir are writers" kinda-sorta rwsem. All
exclusion for sillyunlink/lookup is done by the parallel lookups
mechanism. Exclusion between sillyunlink and rmdir is a real rwsem
now - rmdir being the writer.
Result: NFS lookups/readdirs/O_CREAT-less opens happen in parallel
now.
- the rest of the series consists of switching a lot of filesystems
to parallel readdir; in a lot of cases ->llseek() gets simplified
as well. One backmerge in there (again, #for-linus - rockridge
fix)"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (74 commits)
ext4: switch to ->iterate_shared()
hfs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
hfsplus: switch to ->iterate_shared()
hostfs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
hpfs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
hpfs: handle allocation failures in hpfs_add_pos()
gfs2: switch to ->iterate_shared()
f2fs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
afs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
befs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
befs: constify stuff a bit
isofs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
get_acorn_filename(): deobfuscate a bit
btrfs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
logfs: no need to lock directory in lseek
switch ecryptfs to ->iterate_shared
9p: switch to ->iterate_shared()
fat: switch to ->iterate_shared()
romfs, squashfs: switch to ->iterate_shared()
more trivial ->iterate_shared conversions
...
Backmerge to resolve a conflict in ovl_lookup_real();
"ovl_lookup_real(): use lookup_one_len_unlocked()" instead,
but it was too late in the cycle to rebase.
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
- massive CPU hotplug rework (Thomas Gleixner)
- improve migration fairness (Peter Zijlstra)
- CPU load calculation updates/cleanups (Yuyang Du)
- cpufreq updates (Steve Muckle)
- nohz optimizations (Frederic Weisbecker)
- switch_mm() micro-optimization on x86 (Andy Lutomirski)
- ... lots of other enhancements, fixes and cleanups.
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (66 commits)
ARM: Hide finish_arch_post_lock_switch() from modules
sched/core: Provide a tsk_nr_cpus_allowed() helper
sched/core: Use tsk_cpus_allowed() instead of accessing ->cpus_allowed
sched/loadavg: Fix loadavg artifacts on fully idle and on fully loaded systems
sched/fair: Correct unit of load_above_capacity
sched/fair: Clean up scale confusion
sched/nohz: Fix affine unpinned timers mess
sched/fair: Fix fairness issue on migration
sched/core: Kill sched_class::task_waking to clean up the migration logic
sched/fair: Prepare to fix fairness problems on migration
sched/fair: Move record_wakee()
sched/core: Fix comment typo in wake_q_add()
sched/core: Remove unused variable
sched: Make hrtick_notifier an explicit call
sched/fair: Make ilb_notifier an explicit call
sched/hotplug: Make activate() the last hotplug step
sched/hotplug: Move migration CPU_DYING to sched_cpu_dying()
sched/migration: Move CPU_ONLINE into scheduler state
sched/migration: Move calc_load_migrate() into CPU_DYING
sched/migration: Move prepare transition to SCHED_STARTING state
...
This will provide fully accuracy to the mapcount calculation in the
write protect faults, so page pinning will not get broken by false
positive copy-on-writes.
total_mapcount() isn't the right calculation needed in
reuse_swap_page(), so this introduces a page_trans_huge_mapcount()
that is effectively the full accurate return value for page_mapcount()
if dealing with Transparent Hugepages, however we only use the
page_trans_huge_mapcount() during COW faults where it strictly needed,
due to its higher runtime cost.
This also provide at practical zero cost the total_mapcount
information which is needed to know if we can still relocate the page
anon_vma to the local vma. If page_trans_huge_mapcount() returns 1 we
can reuse the page no matter if it's a pte or a pmd_trans_huge
triggering the fault, but we can only relocate the page anon_vma to
the local vma->anon_vma if we're sure it's only this "vma" mapping the
whole THP physical range.
Kirill A. Shutemov discovered the problem with moving the page
anon_vma to the local vma->anon_vma in a previous version of this
patch and another problem in the way page_move_anon_rmap() was called.
Andrew Morton discovered that CONFIG_SWAP=n wouldn't build in a
previous version, because reuse_swap_page must be a macro to call
page_trans_huge_mapcount from swap.h, so this uses a macro again
instead of an inline function. With this change at least it's a less
dangerous usage than it was before, because "page" is used only once
now, while with the previous code reuse_swap_page(page++) would have
called page_mapcount on page+1 and it would have increased page twice
instead of just once.
Dean Luick noticed an uninitialized variable that could result in a
rmap inefficiency for the non-THP case in a previous version.
Mike Marciniszyn said:
: Our RDMA tests are seeing an issue with memory locking that bisects to
: commit 61f5d698cc ("mm: re-enable THP")
:
: The test program registers two rather large MRs (512M) and RDMA
: writes data to a passive peer using the first and RDMA reads it back
: into the second MR and compares that data. The sizes are chosen randomly
: between 0 and 1024 bytes.
:
: The test will get through a few (<= 4 iterations) and then gets a
: compare error.
:
: Tracing indicates the kernel logical addresses associated with the individual
: pages at registration ARE correct , the data in the "RDMA read response only"
: packets ARE correct.
:
: The "corruption" occurs when the packet crosse two pages that are not physically
: contiguous. The second page reads back as zero in the program.
:
: It looks like the user VA at the point of the compare error no longer points to
: the same physical address as was registered.
:
: This patch totally resolves the issue!
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462547040-1737-2-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Reviewed-by: Dean Luick <dean.luick@intel.com>
Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Mike Marciniszyn <mike.marciniszyn@intel.com>
Tested-by: Josh Collier <josh.d.collier@intel.com>
Cc: Marc Haber <mh+linux-kernel@zugschlus.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.5]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A concurrency issue about KSM in the function scan_get_next_rmap_item.
task A (ksmd): |task B (the mm's task):
|
mm = slot->mm; |
down_read(&mm->mmap_sem); |
|
... |
|
spin_lock(&ksm_mmlist_lock); |
|
ksm_scan.mm_slot go to the next slot; |
|
spin_unlock(&ksm_mmlist_lock); |
|mmput() ->
| ksm_exit():
|
|spin_lock(&ksm_mmlist_lock);
|if (mm_slot && ksm_scan.mm_slot != mm_slot) {
| if (!mm_slot->rmap_list) {
| easy_to_free = 1;
| ...
|
|if (easy_to_free) {
| mmdrop(mm);
| ...
|
|So this mm_struct may be freed in the mmput().
|
up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); |
As we can see above, the ksmd thread may access a mm_struct that already
been freed to the kmem_cache. Suppose a fork will get this mm_struct from
the kmem_cache, the ksmd thread then call up_read(&mm->mmap_sem), will
cause mmap_sem.count to become -1.
As suggested by Andrea Arcangeli, unmerge_and_remove_all_rmap_items has
the same SMP race condition, so fix it too. My prev fix in function
scan_get_next_rmap_item will introduce a different SMP race condition, so
just invert the up_read/spin_unlock order as Andrea Arcangeli said.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462708815-31301-1-git-send-email-zhouchengming1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhou Chengming <zhouchengming1@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@163.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Ding Tianhong <dingtianhong@huawei.com>
Cc: Li Bin <huawei.libin@huawei.com>
Cc: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
zs_can_compact() has two race conditions in its core calculation:
unsigned long obj_wasted = zs_stat_get(class, OBJ_ALLOCATED) -
zs_stat_get(class, OBJ_USED);
1) classes are not locked, so the numbers of allocated and used
objects can change by the concurrent ops happening on other CPUs
2) shrinker invokes it from preemptible context
Depending on the circumstances, thus, OBJ_ALLOCATED can become
less than OBJ_USED, which can result in either very high or
negative `total_scan' value calculated later in do_shrink_slab().
do_shrink_slab() has some logic to prevent those cases:
vmscan: shrink_slab: zs_shrinker_scan+0x0/0x28 [zsmalloc] negative objects to delete nr=-62
vmscan: shrink_slab: zs_shrinker_scan+0x0/0x28 [zsmalloc] negative objects to delete nr=-62
vmscan: shrink_slab: zs_shrinker_scan+0x0/0x28 [zsmalloc] negative objects to delete nr=-64
vmscan: shrink_slab: zs_shrinker_scan+0x0/0x28 [zsmalloc] negative objects to delete nr=-62
vmscan: shrink_slab: zs_shrinker_scan+0x0/0x28 [zsmalloc] negative objects to delete nr=-62
vmscan: shrink_slab: zs_shrinker_scan+0x0/0x28 [zsmalloc] negative objects to delete nr=-62
However, due to the way `total_scan' is calculated, not every
shrinker->count_objects() overflow can be spotted and handled.
To demonstrate the latter, I added some debugging code to do_shrink_slab()
(x86_64) and the results were:
vmscan: OVERFLOW: shrinker->count_objects() == -1 [18446744073709551615]
vmscan: but total_scan > 0: 92679974445502
vmscan: resulting total_scan: 92679974445502
[..]
vmscan: OVERFLOW: shrinker->count_objects() == -1 [18446744073709551615]
vmscan: but total_scan > 0: 22634041808232578
vmscan: resulting total_scan: 22634041808232578
Even though shrinker->count_objects() has returned an overflowed value,
the resulting `total_scan' is positive, and, what is more worrisome, it
is insanely huge. This value is getting used later on in
shrinker->scan_objects() loop:
while (total_scan >= batch_size ||
total_scan >= freeable) {
unsigned long ret;
unsigned long nr_to_scan = min(batch_size, total_scan);
shrinkctl->nr_to_scan = nr_to_scan;
ret = shrinker->scan_objects(shrinker, shrinkctl);
if (ret == SHRINK_STOP)
break;
freed += ret;
count_vm_events(SLABS_SCANNED, nr_to_scan);
total_scan -= nr_to_scan;
cond_resched();
}
`total_scan >= batch_size' is true for a very-very long time and
'total_scan >= freeable' is also true for quite some time, because
`freeable < 0' and `total_scan' is large enough, for example,
22634041808232578. The only break condition, in the given scheme of
things, is shrinker->scan_objects() == SHRINK_STOP test, which is a
bit too weak to rely on, especially in heavy zsmalloc-usage scenarios.
To fix the issue, take a pool stat snapshot and use it instead of
racy zs_stat_get() calls.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160509140052.3389-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.3+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'v4.6-rc7' into drm-next
Merge this back as we've built up a fair few conflicts, and I have
some newer trees to pull in.
Pull writeback fix from Jens Axboe:
"Just a single fix for domain aware writeback, fixing a regression that
can cause balance_dirty_pages() to keep looping while not getting any
work done"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
writeback: Fix performance regression in wb_over_bg_thresh()
Assume memory47 is the last online block left in node1. This will hang:
# echo offline > /sys/devices/system/node/node1/memory47/state
After a couple of minutes, the following pops up in dmesg:
INFO: task bash:957 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
Not tainted 4.6.0-rc6+ #6
"echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
bash D ffff8800b7adbaf8 0 957 951 0x00000000
Call Trace:
schedule+0x35/0x80
schedule_timeout+0x1ac/0x270
wait_for_completion+0xe1/0x120
kthread_stop+0x4f/0x110
kcompactd_stop+0x26/0x40
__offline_pages.constprop.28+0x7e6/0x840
offline_pages+0x11/0x20
memory_block_action+0x73/0x1d0
memory_subsys_offline+0x47/0x60
device_offline+0x86/0xb0
store_mem_state+0xda/0xf0
dev_attr_store+0x18/0x30
sysfs_kf_write+0x37/0x40
kernfs_fop_write+0x11d/0x170
__vfs_write+0x37/0x120
vfs_write+0xa9/0x1a0
SyS_write+0x55/0xc0
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1a/0xa4
kcompactd is waiting for kcompactd_max_order > 0 when it's woken up to
actually exit. Check kthread_should_stop() to break out of the wait.
Fixes: 698b1b306 ("mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd").
Reported-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of using "zswap" as the name for all zpools created, add an
atomic counter and use "zswap%x" with the counter number for each zpool
created, to provide a unique name for each new zpool.
As zsmalloc, one of the zpool implementations, requires/expects a unique
name for each pool created, zswap should provide a unique name. The
zsmalloc pool creation does not fail if a new pool with a conflicting
name is created, unless CONFIG_ZSMALLOC_STAT is enabled; in that case,
zsmalloc pool creation fails with -ENOMEM. Then zswap will be unable to
change its compressor parameter if its zpool is zsmalloc; it also will
be unable to change its zpool parameter back to zsmalloc, if it has any
existing old zpool using zsmalloc with page(s) in it. Attempts to
change the parameters will result in failure to create the zpool. This
changes zswap to provide a unique name for each zpool creation.
Fixes: f1c54846ee ("zswap: dynamic pool creation")
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Reported-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <dan.streetman@canonical.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
/proc/sys/vm/stat_refresh warns nr_isolated_anon and nr_isolated_file go
increasingly negative under compaction: which would add delay when
should be none, or no delay when should delay. The bug in compaction
was due to a recent mmotm patch, but much older instance of the bug was
also noticed in isolate_migratepages_range() which is used for CMA and
gigantic hugepage allocations.
The bug is caused by putback_movable_pages() in an error path
decrementing the isolated counters without them being previously
incremented by acct_isolated(). Fix isolate_migratepages_range() by
removing the error-path putback, thus reaching acct_isolated() with
migratepages still isolated, and leaving putback to caller like most
other places do.
Fixes: edc2ca6124 ("mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()")
[vbabka@suse.cz: expanded the changelog]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Khugepaged attempts to raise min_free_kbytes if its set too low.
However, on boot khugepaged sets min_free_kbytes first from
subsys_initcall(), and then the mm 'core' over-rides min_free_kbytes
after from init_per_zone_wmark_min(), via a module_init() call.
Khugepaged used to use a late_initcall() to set min_free_kbytes (such
that it occurred after the core initialization), however this was
removed when the initialization of min_free_kbytes was integrated into
the starting of the khugepaged thread.
The fix here is simply to invoke the core initialization using a
core_initcall() instead of module_init(), such that the previous
initialization ordering is restored. I didn't restore the
late_initcall() since start_stop_khugepaged() already sets
min_free_kbytes via set_recommended_min_free_kbytes().
This was noticed when we had a number of page allocation failures when
moving a workload to a kernel with this new initialization ordering. On
an 8GB system this restores min_free_kbytes back to 67584 from 11365
when CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=y is set and either
CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS=y or
CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE=y.
Fixes: 79553da293 ("thp: cleanup khugepaged startup")
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
zap_pmd_range()'s CONFIG_DEBUG_VM !rwsem_is_locked(&mmap_sem) BUG() will
be invalid with huge pagecache, in whatever way it is implemented:
truncation of a hugely-mapped file to an unhugely-aligned size would
easily hit it.
(Although anon THP could in principle apply khugepaged to private file
mappings, which are not excluded by the MADV_HUGEPAGE restrictions, in
practice there's a vm_ops check which excludes them, so it never hits
this BUG() - there's no interface to "truncate" an anonymous mapping.)
We could complicate the test, to check i_mmap_rwsem also when there's a
vm_file; but my inclination was to make zap_pmd_range() more readable by
simply deleting this check. A search has shown no report of the issue
in the years since commit e0897d75f0 ("mm, thp: print useful
information when mmap_sem is unlocked in zap_pmd_range") expanded it
from VM_BUG_ON() - though I cannot point to what commit I would say then
fixed the issue.
But there are a couple of other patches now floating around, neither yet
in the tree: let's agree to retain the check as a VM_BUG_ON_VMA(), as
Matthew Wilcox has done; but subject to a vma_is_anonymous() check, as
Kirill Shutemov has done. And let's get this in, without waiting for
any particular huge pagecache implementation to reach the tree.
Matthew said "We can reproduce this BUG() in the current Linus tree with
DAX PMDs".
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Tested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
split_huge_pages doesn't support get method at all, so the read
permission sounds confusing, change the permission to write only.
And, add "\n" to the output of set method to make it more readable.
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 947e9762a8 ("writeback: update wb_over_bg_thresh() to use
wb_domain aware operations") unintentionally changed this function's
meaning from "are there more dirty pages than the background writeback
threshold" to "are there more dirty pages than the writeback threshold".
The background writeback threshold is typically half of the writeback
threshold, so this had the effect of raising the number of dirty pages
required to cause a writeback worker to perform background writeout.
This can cause a very severe performance regression when a BDI uses
BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT because balance_dirty_pages() and the writeback worker
can now disagree on whether writeback should be initiated.
For example, in a system having 1GB of RAM, a single spinning disk, and a
"pass-through" FUSE filesystem mounted over the disk, application code
mmapped a 128MB file on the disk and was randomly dirtying pages in that
mapping.
Because FUSE uses strictlimit and has a default max_ratio of only 1%, in
balance_dirty_pages, thresh is ~200, bg_thresh is ~100, and the
dirty_freerun_ceiling is the average of those, ~150. So, it pauses the
dirtying processes when we have 151 dirty pages and wakes up a background
writeback worker. But the worker tests the wrong threshold (200 instead of
100), so it does not initiate writeback and just returns.
Thus, balance_dirty_pages keeps looping, sleeping and then waking up the
worker who will do nothing. It remains stuck in this state until the few
dirty pages that we have finally expire and we write them back for that
reason. Then the whole process repeats, resulting in near-zero throughput
through the FUSE BDI.
The fix is to call the parameterized variant of wb_calc_thresh, so that the
worker will do writeback if the bg_thresh is exceeded which was the
behavior before the referenced commit.
Fixes: 947e9762a8 ("writeback: update wb_over_bg_thresh() to use wb_domain aware operations")
Signed-off-by: Howard Cochran <hcochran@kernelspring.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.2+
Tested-by Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
We'll need to verify that there's neither a hashed nor in-lookup
dentry with desired parent/name before adding to in-lookup set.
One possible solution would be to hold the parent's ->d_lock through
both checks, but while the in-lookup set is relatively small at any
time, dcache is not. And holding the parent's ->d_lock through
something like __d_lookup_rcu() would suck too badly.
So we leave the parent's ->d_lock alone, which means that we watch
out for the following scenario:
* we verify that there's no hashed match
* existing in-lookup match gets hashed by another process
* we verify that there's no in-lookup matches and decide
that everything's fine.
Solution: per-directory kinda-sorta seqlock, bumped around the times
we hash something that used to be in-lookup or move (and hash)
something in place of in-lookup. Then the above would turn into
* read the counter
* do dcache lookup
* if no matches found, check for in-lookup matches
* if there had been none of those either, check if the
counter has changed; repeat if it has.
The "kinda-sorta" part is due to the fact that we don't have much spare
space in inode. There is a spare word (shared with i_bdev/i_cdev/i_pipe),
so the counter part is not a problem, but spinlock is a different story.
We could use the parent's ->d_lock, and it would be less painful in
terms of contention, for __d_add() it would be rather inconvenient to
grab; we could do that (using lock_parent()), but...
Fortunately, we can get serialization on the counter itself, and it
might be a good idea in general; we can use cmpxchg() in a loop to
get from even to odd and smp_store_release() from odd to even.
This commit adds the counter and updating logics; the readers will be
added in the next commit.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
The kiocb already has the new position, so use that. The only interesting
case is AIO, where we currently don't bother updating ki_pos. We're about
to free the kiocb after we're done, so we might as well update it to make
everyone's life simpler.
While we're at it also return the bytes written argument passed in if
we were successful so that the boilerplate error switch code in the
callers can go away.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This will allow us to do per-I/O sync file writes, as required by a lot
of fileservers or storage targets.
XXX: Will need a few additional audits for O_DSYNC
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Including blkdev_direct_IO and dax_do_io. It has to be ki_pos to actually
work, so eliminate the superflous argument.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
get_hwpoison_page() must recheck relation between head and tail pages.
n-horiguchi said: without this recheck, the race causes kernel to pin an
irrelevant page, and finally makes kernel crash for refcount mismatch.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When kswapd goes to sleep it checks if the node is balanced and at first
it sleeps only for HZ/10 time, then rechecks if the node is still
balanced and nobody has woken it during the initial sleep. Only then it
goes fully sleep until an allocation slowpath wakes it up again.
For higher-order allocations, waking up kcompactd is done only before
the full sleep. This turns out to be an issue in case another
high-order allocation fails during the initial sleep. It will wake
kswapd up, however kswapd considers the zone balanced from the order-0
perspective, and will just quickly try to sleep again. So if there's a
longer stream of high-order allocations hitting the slowpath and waking
up kswapd, it might never actually wake up kcompactd, which may be
considered a regression from kswapd-based compaction. In the worst
case, it might be that a single allocation that cannot direct
reclaim/compact itself is waking kswapd in the retry loop and preventing
kcompactd from being woken up and unblocking it.
This patch makes sure kcompactd is woken up in such situations by simply
moving the wakeup before the short initial sleep. More efficient
solution would be to wake kcompactd immediately instead of kswapd if the
node is already order-0 balanced, but in that case we should also move
reset_isolation_suitable() call to kcompactd so it's not adding to the
allocator's latency. Since it's late in the 4.6 cycle, let's go with
the simpler change for now.
Fixes: accf62422b ("mm, kswapd: replace kswapd compaction with waking up kcompactd")
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, migration code increses num_poisoned_pages on *failed*
migration page as well as successfully migrated one at the trial of
memory-failure. It will make the stat wrong. As well, it marks the
page as PG_HWPoison even if the migration trial failed. It would mean
we cannot recover the corrupted page using memory-failure facility.
This patches fixes it.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kyeongdon reported below error which is BUG_ON(!PageSwapCache(page)) in
page_swap_info. The reason is that page_endio in rw_page unlocks the
page if read I/O is completed so we need to hold a PG_lock again to
check PageSwapCache. Otherwise, the page can be removed from swapcache.
Kernel BUG at c00f9040 [verbose debug info unavailable]
Internal error: Oops - BUG: 0 [#1] PREEMPT SMP ARM
Modules linked in:
CPU: 4 PID: 13446 Comm: RenderThread Tainted: G W 3.10.84-g9f14aec-dirty #73
task: c3b73200 ti: dd192000 task.ti: dd192000
PC is at page_swap_info+0x10/0x2c
LR is at swap_slot_free_notify+0x18/0x6c
pc : [<c00f9040>] lr : [<c00f5560>] psr: 400f0113
sp : dd193d78 ip : c2deb1e4 fp : da015180
r10: 00000000 r9 : 000200da r8 : c120fe08
r7 : 00000000 r6 : 00000000 r5 : c249a6c0 r4 : = c249a6c0
r3 : 00000000 r2 : 40080009 r1 : 200f0113 r0 : = c249a6c0
..<snip> ..
Call Trace:
page_swap_info+0x10/0x2c
swap_slot_free_notify+0x18/0x6c
swap_readpage+0x90/0x11c
read_swap_cache_async+0x134/0x1ac
swapin_readahead+0x70/0xb0
handle_pte_fault+0x320/0x6fc
handle_mm_fault+0xc0/0xf0
do_page_fault+0x11c/0x36c
do_DataAbort+0x34/0x118
Fixes: 3f2b1a04f4 ("zram: revive swap_slot_free_notify")
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Kyeongdon Kim <kyeongdon.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have been reclaimed highmem zone if buffer_heads is over limit but
commit 6b4f7799c6 ("mm: vmscan: invoke slab shrinkers from
shrink_zone()") changed the behavior so it doesn't reclaim highmem zone
although buffer_heads is over the limit. This patch restores the logic.
Fixes: 6b4f7799c6 ("mm: vmscan: invoke slab shrinkers from shrink_zone()")
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In gather_pte_stats() a THP pmd is cast into a pte, which is wrong
because the layouts may differ depending on the architecture. On s390
this will lead to inaccurate numa_maps accounting in /proc because of
misguided pte_present() and pte_dirty() checks on the fake pte.
On other architectures pte_present() and pte_dirty() may work by chance,
but there may be an issue with direct-access (dax) mappings w/o
underlying struct pages when HAVE_PTE_SPECIAL is set and THP is
available. In vm_normal_page() the fake pte will be checked with
pte_special() and because there is no "special" bit in a pmd, this will
always return false and the VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP checking will be
skipped. On dax mappings w/o struct pages, an invalid struct page
pointer would then be returned that can crash the kernel.
This patch fixes the numa_maps THP handling by introducing new "_pmd"
variants of the can_gather_numa_stats() and vm_normal_page() functions.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.3+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Khugepaged detects own VMAs by checking vm_file and vm_ops but this way
it cannot distinguish private /dev/zero mappings from other special
mappings like /dev/hpet which has no vm_ops and popultes PTEs in mmap.
This fixes false-positive VM_BUG_ON and prevents installing THP where
they are not expected.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CACT4Y+ZmuZMV5CjSFOeXviwQdABAgT7T+StKfTqan9YDtgEi5g@mail.gmail.com
Fixes: 78f11a2557 ("mm: thp: fix /dev/zero MAP_PRIVATE and vm_flags cleanups")
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrea has found[1] a race condition on MMU-gather based TLB flush vs
split_huge_page() or shrinker which frees huge zero under us (patch 1/2
and 2/2 respectively).
With new THP refcounting, we don't need patch 1/2: mmu_gather keeps the
page pinned until flush is complete and the pin prevents the page from
being split under us.
We still need patch 2/2. This is simplified version of Andrea's patch.
We don't need fancy encoding.
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1447938052-22165-1-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some architectures (such as Alpha) rely on include/linux/sched.h definitions
in their mmu_context.h files.
So include sched.h before mmu_context.h.
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Hello,
So, this ended up a lot simpler than I originally expected. I tested
it lightly and it seems to work fine. Petr, can you please test these
two patches w/o the lru drain drop patch and see whether the problem
is gone?
Thanks.
------ 8< ------
If charge moving is used, memcg performs relabeling of the affected
pages from its ->attach callback which is called under both
cgroup_threadgroup_rwsem and thus can't create new kthreads. This is
fragile as various operations may depend on workqueues making forward
progress which relies on the ability to create new kthreads.
There's no reason to perform charge moving from ->attach which is deep
in the task migration path. Move it to ->post_attach which is called
after the actual migration is finished and cgroup_threadgroup_rwsem is
dropped.
* move_charge_struct->mm is added and ->can_attach is now responsible
for pinning and recording the target mm. mem_cgroup_clear_mc() is
updated accordingly. This also simplifies mem_cgroup_move_task().
* mem_cgroup_move_task() is now called from ->post_attach instead of
->attach.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Debugged-and-tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reported-by: Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Fixes: 1ed1328792 ("sched, cgroup: replace signal_struct->group_rwsem with a global percpu_rwsem")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.4+
Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
"A few fixes for the current series. This contains:
- Two fixes for NVMe:
One fixes a reset race that can be triggered by repeated
insert/removal of the module.
The other fixes an issue on some platforms, where we get probe
timeouts since legacy interrupts isn't working. This used not to
be a problem since we had the worker thread poll for completions,
but since that was killed off, it means those poor souls can't
successfully probe their NVMe device. Use a proper IRQ check and
probe (msi-x -> msi ->legacy), like most other drivers to work
around this. Both from Keith.
- A loop corruption issue with offset in iters, from Ming Lei.
- A fix for not having the partition stat per cpu ref count
initialized before sending out the KOBJ_ADD, which could cause user
space to access the counter prior to initialization. Also from
Ming Lei.
- A fix for using the wrong congestion state, from Kaixu Xia"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
block: loop: fix filesystem corruption in case of aio/dio
NVMe: Always use MSI/MSI-x interrupts
NVMe: Fix reset/remove race
writeback: fix the wrong congested state variable definition
block: partition: initialize percpuref before sending out KOBJ_ADD
Pull mm gup cleanup from Ingo Molnar:
"This removes the ugly get-user-pages API hack, now that all upstream
code has been migrated to it"
("ugly" is putting it mildly. But it worked.. - Linus)
* 'mm-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
mm/gup: Remove the macro overload API migration helpers from the get_user*() APIs
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Merge tag 'v4.6-rc3' into drm-intel-next-queued
Linux 4.6-rc3
Backmerge requested by Chris Wilson to make his patches apply cleanly.
Tiny conflict in vmalloc.c with the (properly acked and all) patch in
drm-intel-next:
commit 4da56b99d9
Author: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Date: Mon Apr 4 14:46:42 2016 +0100
mm/vmap: Add a notifier for when we run out of vmap address space
and Linus' tree.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>
The pkeys changes brought about a truly hideous set of macros in:
cde70140fe ("mm/gup: Overload get_user_pages() functions")
... which macros are (ab-)using the fact that __VA_ARGS__ can be used
to shift parameter positions in macro arguments without breaking the
build and so can be used to call separate C functions depending on
the number of arguments of the macro.
This allowed easy migration of these 3 GUP APIs, as both these variants
worked at the C level:
old:
ret = get_user_pages(current, current->mm, address, 1, 1, 0, &page, NULL);
new:
ret = get_user_pages(address, 1, 1, 0, &page, NULL);
... while we also generated a (functionally harmless but noticeable) build
time warning if the old API was used. As there are over 300 uses of these
APIs, this trick eased the migration of the API and avoided excessive
migration pain in linux-next.
Now, with its work done, get rid of all of that complication and ugliness:
3 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 140 deletions(-)
... where the linecount of the migration hack was further inflated by the
fact that there are NOMMU variants of these GUP APIs as well.
Much of the conversion was done in linux-next over the past couple of months,
and Linus recently removed all remaining old API uses from the upstream tree
in the following upstrea commit:
cb107161df ("Convert straggling drivers to new six-argument get_user_pages()")
There was one more old-API usage in mm/gup.c, in the CONFIG_HAVE_GENERIC_RCU_GUP
code path that ARM, ARM64 and PowerPC uses.
After this commit any old API usage will break the build.
[ Also fixed a PowerPC/HAVE_GENERIC_RCU_GUP warning reported by Stephen Rothwell. ]
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
vmaps are temporary kernel mappings that may be of long duration.
Reusing a vmap on an object is preferrable for a driver as the cost of
setting up the vmap can otherwise dominate the operation on the object.
However, the vmap address space is rather limited on 32bit systems and
so we add a notification for vmap pressure in order for the driver to
release any cached vmappings.
The interface is styled after the oom-notifier where the callees are
passed a pointer to an unsigned long counter for them to indicate if they
have freed any space.
v2: Guard the blocking notifier call with gfpflags_allow_blocking()
v3: Correct typo in forward declaration and move to head of file
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Roman Peniaev <r.peniaev@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> # for inclusion via DRM
Cc: Joonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tvrtko.ursulin@intel.com>
Link: http://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/1459777603-23618-3-git-send-email-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk
Reviewed-by: Joonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com>
Merge PAGE_CACHE_SIZE removal patches from Kirill Shutemov:
"PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} macros were introduced *long* time
ago with promise that one day it will be possible to implement page
cache with bigger chunks than PAGE_SIZE.
This promise never materialized. And unlikely will.
Let's stop pretending that pages in page cache are special. They are
not.
The first patch with most changes has been done with coccinelle. The
second is manual fixups on top.
The third patch removes macros definition"
[ I was planning to apply this just before rc2, but then I spaced out,
so here it is right _after_ rc2 instead.
As Kirill suggested as a possibility, I could have decided to only
merge the first two patches, and leave the old interfaces for
compatibility, but I'd rather get it all done and any out-of-tree
modules and patches can trivially do the converstion while still also
working with older kernels, so there is little reason to try to
maintain the redundant legacy model. - Linus ]
* PAGE_CACHE_SIZE-removal:
mm: drop PAGE_CACHE_* and page_cache_{get,release} definition
mm, fs: remove remaining PAGE_CACHE_* and page_cache_{get,release} usage
mm, fs: get rid of PAGE_CACHE_* and page_cache_{get,release} macros
Mostly direct substitution with occasional adjustment or removing
outdated comments.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} macros were introduced *long* time
ago with promise that one day it will be possible to implement page
cache with bigger chunks than PAGE_SIZE.
This promise never materialized. And unlikely will.
We have many places where PAGE_CACHE_SIZE assumed to be equal to
PAGE_SIZE. And it's constant source of confusion on whether
PAGE_CACHE_* or PAGE_* constant should be used in a particular case,
especially on the border between fs and mm.
Global switching to PAGE_CACHE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE would cause to much
breakage to be doable.
Let's stop pretending that pages in page cache are special. They are
not.
The changes are pretty straight-forward:
- <foo> << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>;
- <foo> >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>;
- PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} -> PAGE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN};
- page_cache_get() -> get_page();
- page_cache_release() -> put_page();
This patch contains automated changes generated with coccinelle using
script below. For some reason, coccinelle doesn't patch header files.
I've called spatch for them manually.
The only adjustment after coccinelle is revert of changes to
PAGE_CAHCE_ALIGN definition: we are going to drop it later.
There are few places in the code where coccinelle didn't reach. I'll
fix them manually in a separate patch. Comments and documentation also
will be addressed with the separate patch.
virtual patch
@@
expression E;
@@
- E << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)
+ E
@@
expression E;
@@
- E >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)
+ E
@@
@@
- PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT
+ PAGE_SHIFT
@@
@@
- PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
+ PAGE_SIZE
@@
@@
- PAGE_CACHE_MASK
+ PAGE_MASK
@@
expression E;
@@
- PAGE_CACHE_ALIGN(E)
+ PAGE_ALIGN(E)
@@
expression E;
@@
- page_cache_get(E)
+ get_page(E)
@@
expression E;
@@
- page_cache_release(E)
+ put_page(E)
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit fea85cff11 ("mm/page_isolation.c: return last tested pfn rather
than failure indicator") changed the meaning of the return value. Let's
change the function comments as well.
Signed-off-by: Neil Zhang <neilzhang1123@hotmail.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit bb29902a75 ("oom, oom_reaper: protect oom_reaper_list using
simpler way") has simplified the check for tasks already enqueued for
the oom reaper by checking tsk->oom_reaper_list != NULL. This check is
not sufficient because the tsk might be the head of the queue without
any other tasks queued and then we would simply lockup looping on the
same task. Fix the condition by checking for the head as well.
Fixes: bb29902a75 ("oom, oom_reaper: protect oom_reaper_list using simpler way")
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The recently introduced batched invalidations mechanism uses its own
mechanism for shootdown. However, it does wrong accounting of
interrupts (e.g., inc_irq_stat is called for local invalidations),
trace-points (e.g., TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN for local invalidations) and
may break some platforms as it bypasses the invalidation mechanisms of
Xen and SGI UV.
This patch reuses the existing TLB flushing mechnaisms instead. We use
NULL as mm to indicate a global invalidation is required.
Fixes 72b252aed5 ("mm: send one IPI per CPU to TLB flush all entries after unmapping pages")
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is incorrect to use next_node to find a target node, it will return
MAX_NUMNODES or invalid node. This will lead to crash in buddy system
allocation.
Fixes: c8721bbbdd ("mm: memory-hotplug: enable memory hotplug to handle hugepage")
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: "Laura Abbott" <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@xiaomi.com>
Cc: Wang Xiaoqiang <wangxq10@lzu.edu.cn>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The right variable definition should be wb_congested_state that
include WB_async_congested and WB_sync_congested. So fix it.
Signed-off-by: Kaixu Xia <xiakaixu@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
!PageLRU should lead to SCAN_PAGE_LRU, not SCAN_SCAN_ABORT result.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If
- generic_file_read_iter() gets called with a zero read length,
- the read offset is at a page boundary,
- IOCB_DIRECT is not set
- and the page in question hasn't made it into the page cache yet,
then do_generic_file_read() will trigger a readahead with a req_size hint
of zero.
Since roundup_pow_of_two(0) is undefined, UBSAN reports
UBSAN: Undefined behaviour in include/linux/log2.h:63:13
shift exponent 64 is too large for 64-bit type 'long unsigned int'
CPU: 3 PID: 1017 Comm: sa1 Tainted: G L 4.5.0-next-20160318+ #14
[...]
Call Trace:
[...]
[<ffffffff813ef61a>] ondemand_readahead+0x3aa/0x3d0
[<ffffffff813ef61a>] ? ondemand_readahead+0x3aa/0x3d0
[<ffffffff813c73bd>] ? find_get_entry+0x2d/0x210
[<ffffffff813ef9c3>] page_cache_sync_readahead+0x63/0xa0
[<ffffffff813cc04d>] do_generic_file_read+0x80d/0xf90
[<ffffffff813cc955>] generic_file_read_iter+0x185/0x420
[...]
[<ffffffff81510b06>] __vfs_read+0x256/0x3d0
[...]
when get_init_ra_size() gets called from ondemand_readahead().
The net effect is that the initial readahead size is arch dependent for
requested read lengths of zero: for example, since
1UL << (sizeof(unsigned long) * 8)
evaluates to 1 on x86 while its result is 0 on ARMv7, the initial readahead
size becomes 4 on the former and 0 on the latter.
What's more, whether or not the file access timestamp is updated for zero
length reads is decided differently for the two cases of IOCB_DIRECT
being set or cleared: in the first case, generic_file_read_iter()
explicitly skips updating that timestamp while in the latter case, it is
always updated through the call to do_generic_file_read().
According to POSIX, zero length reads "do not modify the last data access
timestamp" and thus, the IOCB_DIRECT behaviour is POSIXly correct.
Let generic_file_read_iter() unconditionally check the requested read
length at its entry and return immediately with success if it is zero.
Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement the stack depot and provide CONFIG_STACKDEPOT. Stack depot
will allow KASAN store allocation/deallocation stack traces for memory
chunks. The stack traces are stored in a hash table and referenced by
handles which reside in the kasan_alloc_meta and kasan_free_meta
structures in the allocated memory chunks.
IRQ stack traces are cut below the IRQ entry point to avoid unnecessary
duplication.
Right now stackdepot support is only enabled in SLAB allocator. Once
KASAN features in SLAB are on par with those in SLUB we can switch SLUB
to stackdepot as well, thus removing the dependency on SLUB stack
bookkeeping, which wastes a lot of memory.
This patch is based on the "mm: kasan: stack depots" patch originally
prepared by Dmitry Chernenkov.
Joonsoo has said that he plans to reuse the stackdepot code for the
mm/page_owner.c debugging facility.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/depot_stack_handle/depot_stack_handle_t]
[aryabinin@virtuozzo.com: comment style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add GFP flags to KASAN hooks for future patches to use.
This patch is based on the "mm: kasan: unified support for SLUB and SLAB
allocators" patch originally prepared by Dmitry Chernenkov.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add KASAN hooks to SLAB allocator.
This patch is based on the "mm: kasan: unified support for SLUB and SLAB
allocators" patch originally prepared by Dmitry Chernenkov.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hanjun Guo has reported that a CMA stress test causes broken accounting of
CMA and free pages:
> Before the test, I got:
> -bash-4.3# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Cma
> CmaTotal: 204800 kB
> CmaFree: 195044 kB
>
>
> After running the test:
> -bash-4.3# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Cma
> CmaTotal: 204800 kB
> CmaFree: 6602584 kB
>
> So the freed CMA memory is more than total..
>
> Also the the MemFree is more than mem total:
>
> -bash-4.3# cat /proc/meminfo
> MemTotal: 16342016 kB
> MemFree: 22367268 kB
> MemAvailable: 22370528 kB
Laura Abbott has confirmed the issue and suspected the freepage accounting
rewrite around 3.18/4.0 by Joonsoo Kim. Joonsoo had a theory that this is
caused by unexpected merging between MIGRATE_ISOLATE and MIGRATE_CMA
pageblocks:
> CMA isolates MAX_ORDER aligned blocks, but, during the process,
> partialy isolated block exists. If MAX_ORDER is 11 and
> pageblock_order is 9, two pageblocks make up MAX_ORDER
> aligned block and I can think following scenario because pageblock
> (un)isolation would be done one by one.
>
> (each character means one pageblock. 'C', 'I' means MIGRATE_CMA,
> MIGRATE_ISOLATE, respectively.
>
> CC -> IC -> II (Isolation)
> II -> CI -> CC (Un-isolation)
>
> If some pages are freed at this intermediate state such as IC or CI,
> that page could be merged to the other page that is resident on
> different type of pageblock and it will cause wrong freepage count.
This was supposed to be prevented by CMA operating on MAX_ORDER blocks,
but since it doesn't hold the zone->lock between pageblocks, a race
window does exist.
It's also likely that unexpected merging can occur between
MIGRATE_ISOLATE and non-CMA pageblocks. This should be prevented in
__free_one_page() since commit 3c605096d3 ("mm/page_alloc: restrict
max order of merging on isolated pageblock"). However, we only check
the migratetype of the pageblock where buddy merging has been initiated,
not the migratetype of the buddy pageblock (or group of pageblocks)
which can be MIGRATE_ISOLATE.
Joonsoo has suggested checking for buddy migratetype as part of
page_is_buddy(), but that would add extra checks in allocator hotpath
and bloat-o-meter has shown significant code bloat (the function is
inline).
This patch reduces the bloat at some expense of more complicated code.
The buddy-merging while-loop in __free_one_page() is initially bounded
to pageblock_border and without any migratetype checks. The checks are
placed outside, bumping the max_order if merging is allowed, and
returning to the while-loop with a statement which can't be possibly
considered harmful.
This fixes the accounting bug and also removes the arguably weird state
in the original commit 3c605096d3 where buddies could be left
unmerged.
Fixes: 3c605096d3 ("mm/page_alloc: restrict max order of merging on isolated pageblock")
Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/3/2/280
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Debugged-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Debugged-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.18+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
"oom, oom_reaper: disable oom_reaper for oom_kill_allocating_task" tried
to protect oom_reaper_list using MMF_OOM_KILLED flag. But we can do it
by simply checking tsk->oom_reaper_list != NULL.
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After "oom: clear TIF_MEMDIE after oom_reaper managed to unmap the
address space" oom_reaper will call exit_oom_victim on the target task
after it is done. This might however race with the PM freezer:
CPU0 CPU1 CPU2
freeze_processes
try_to_freeze_tasks
# Allocation request
out_of_memory
oom_killer_disable
wake_oom_reaper(P1)
__oom_reap_task
exit_oom_victim(P1)
wait_event(oom_victims==0)
[...]
do_exit(P1)
perform IO/interfere with the freezer
which breaks the oom_killer_disable semantic. We no longer have a
guarantee that the oom victim won't interfere with the freezer because
it might be anywhere on the way to do_exit while the freezer thinks the
task has already terminated. It might trigger IO or touch devices which
are frozen already.
In order to close this race, make the oom_reaper thread freezable. This
will work because
a) already running oom_reaper will block freezer to enter the
quiescent state
b) wake_oom_reaper will not wake up the reaper after it has been
frozen
c) the only way to call exit_oom_victim after try_to_freeze_tasks
is from the oom victim's context when we know the further
interference shouldn't be possible
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Entries are only added/removed from oom_reaper_list at head so we can
use a single linked list and hence save a word in task_struct.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Tetsuo has reported that oom_kill_allocating_task=1 will cause
oom_reaper_list corruption because oom_kill_process doesn't follow
standard OOM exclusion (aka ignores TIF_MEMDIE) and allows to enqueue
the same task multiple times - e.g. by sacrificing the same child
multiple times.
This patch fixes the issue by introducing a new MMF_OOM_KILLED mm flag
which is set in oom_kill_process atomically and oom reaper is disabled
if the flag was already set.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
wake_oom_reaper has allowed only 1 oom victim to be queued. The main
reason for that was the simplicity as other solutions would require some
way of queuing. The current approach is racy and that was deemed
sufficient as the oom_reaper is considered a best effort approach to
help with oom handling when the OOM victim cannot terminate in a
reasonable time. The race could lead to missing an oom victim which can
get stuck
out_of_memory
wake_oom_reaper
cmpxchg // OK
oom_reaper
oom_reap_task
__oom_reap_task
oom_victim terminates
atomic_inc_not_zero // fail
out_of_memory
wake_oom_reaper
cmpxchg // fails
task_to_reap = NULL
This race requires 2 OOM invocations in a short time period which is not
very likely but certainly not impossible. E.g. the original victim
might have not released a lot of memory for some reason.
The situation would improve considerably if wake_oom_reaper used a more
robust queuing. This is what this patch implements. This means adding
oom_reaper_list list_head into task_struct (eat a hole before embeded
thread_struct for that purpose) and a oom_reaper_lock spinlock for
queuing synchronization. wake_oom_reaper will then add the task on the
queue and oom_reaper will dequeue it.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andrea Argangeli <andrea@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Inform about the successful/failed oom_reaper attempts and dump all the
held locks to tell us more who is blocking the progress.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_MMU=n build]
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andrea Argangeli <andrea@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When oom_reaper manages to unmap all the eligible vmas there shouldn't
be much of the freable memory held by the oom victim left anymore so it
makes sense to clear the TIF_MEMDIE flag for the victim and allow the
OOM killer to select another task.
The lack of TIF_MEMDIE also means that the victim cannot access memory
reserves anymore but that shouldn't be a problem because it would get
the access again if it needs to allocate and hits the OOM killer again
due to the fatal_signal_pending resp. PF_EXITING check. We can safely
hide the task from the OOM killer because it is clearly not a good
candidate anymore as everyhing reclaimable has been torn down already.
This patch will allow to cap the time an OOM victim can keep TIF_MEMDIE
and thus hold off further global OOM killer actions granted the oom
reaper is able to take mmap_sem for the associated mm struct. This is
not guaranteed now but further steps should make sure that mmap_sem for
write should be blocked killable which will help to reduce such a lock
contention. This is not done by this patch.
Note that exit_oom_victim might be called on a remote task from
__oom_reap_task now so we have to check and clear the flag atomically
otherwise we might race and underflow oom_victims or wake up waiters too
early.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Suggested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Argangeli <andrea@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch (of 5):
This is based on the idea from Mel Gorman discussed during LSFMM 2015
and independently brought up by Oleg Nesterov.
The OOM killer currently allows to kill only a single task in a good
hope that the task will terminate in a reasonable time and frees up its
memory. Such a task (oom victim) will get an access to memory reserves
via mark_oom_victim to allow a forward progress should there be a need
for additional memory during exit path.
It has been shown (e.g. by Tetsuo Handa) that it is not that hard to
construct workloads which break the core assumption mentioned above and
the OOM victim might take unbounded amount of time to exit because it
might be blocked in the uninterruptible state waiting for an event (e.g.
lock) which is blocked by another task looping in the page allocator.
This patch reduces the probability of such a lockup by introducing a
specialized kernel thread (oom_reaper) which tries to reclaim additional
memory by preemptively reaping the anonymous or swapped out memory owned
by the oom victim under an assumption that such a memory won't be needed
when its owner is killed and kicked from the userspace anyway. There is
one notable exception to this, though, if the OOM victim was in the
process of coredumping the result would be incomplete. This is
considered a reasonable constrain because the overall system health is
more important than debugability of a particular application.
A kernel thread has been chosen because we need a reliable way of
invocation so workqueue context is not appropriate because all the
workers might be busy (e.g. allocating memory). Kswapd which sounds
like another good fit is not appropriate as well because it might get
blocked on locks during reclaim as well.
oom_reaper has to take mmap_sem on the target task for reading so the
solution is not 100% because the semaphore might be held or blocked for
write but the probability is reduced considerably wrt. basically any
lock blocking forward progress as described above. In order to prevent
from blocking on the lock without any forward progress we are using only
a trylock and retry 10 times with a short sleep in between. Users of
mmap_sem which need it for write should be carefully reviewed to use
_killable waiting as much as possible and reduce allocations requests
done with the lock held to absolute minimum to reduce the risk even
further.
The API between oom killer and oom reaper is quite trivial.
wake_oom_reaper updates mm_to_reap with cmpxchg to guarantee only
NULL->mm transition and oom_reaper clear this atomically once it is done
with the work. This means that only a single mm_struct can be reaped at
the time. As the operation is potentially disruptive we are trying to
limit it to the ncessary minimum and the reaper blocks any updates while
it operates on an mm. mm_struct is pinned by mm_count to allow parallel
exit_mmap and a race is detected by atomic_inc_not_zero(mm_users).
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Argangeli <andrea@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The mprotect(PROT_READ) fails when called by the READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
binary on a memory mapped file located on non-exec fs. The mprotect
does not check whether fs is _executable_ or not. The PROT_EXEC flag is
set automatically even if a memory mapped file is located on non-exec
fs. Fix it by checking whether a memory mapped file is located on a
non-exec fs. If so the PROT_EXEC is not implied by the PROT_READ. The
implementation uses the VM_MAYEXEC flag set properly in mmap. Now it is
consistent with mmap.
I did the isolated tests (PT_GNU_STACK X/NX, multiple VMAs, X/NX fs). I
also patched the official 3.19.0-47-generic Ubuntu 14.04 kernel and it
seems to work.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kcov provides code coverage collection for coverage-guided fuzzing
(randomized testing). Coverage-guided fuzzing is a testing technique
that uses coverage feedback to determine new interesting inputs to a
system. A notable user-space example is AFL
(http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/). However, this technique is not
widely used for kernel testing due to missing compiler and kernel
support.
kcov does not aim to collect as much coverage as possible. It aims to
collect more or less stable coverage that is function of syscall inputs.
To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard
interrupts and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic or
non-interesting parts of kernel is disbled (e.g. scheduler, locking).
Currently there is a single coverage collection mode (tracing), but the
API anticipates additional collection modes. Initially I also
implemented a second mode which exposes coverage in a fixed-size hash
table of counters (what Quentin used in his original patch). I've
dropped the second mode for simplicity.
This patch adds the necessary support on kernel side. The complimentary
compiler support was added in gcc revision 231296.
We've used this support to build syzkaller system call fuzzer, which has
found 90 kernel bugs in just 2 months:
https://github.com/google/syzkaller/wiki/Found-Bugs
We've also found 30+ bugs in our internal systems with syzkaller.
Another (yet unexplored) direction where kcov coverage would greatly
help is more traditional "blob mutation". For example, mounting a
random blob as a filesystem, or receiving a random blob over wire.
Why not gcov. Typical fuzzing loop looks as follows: (1) reset
coverage, (2) execute a bit of code, (3) collect coverage, repeat. A
typical coverage can be just a dozen of basic blocks (e.g. an invalid
input). In such context gcov becomes prohibitively expensive as
reset/collect coverage steps depend on total number of basic
blocks/edges in program (in case of kernel it is about 2M). Cost of
kcov depends only on number of executed basic blocks/edges. On top of
that, kernel requires per-thread coverage because there are always
background threads and unrelated processes that also produce coverage.
With inlined gcov instrumentation per-thread coverage is not possible.
kcov exposes kernel PCs and control flow to user-space which is
insecure. But debugfs should not be mapped as user accessible.
Based on a patch by Quentin Casasnovas.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make task_struct.kcov_mode have type `enum kcov_mode']
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: unbreak allmodconfig]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: follow x86 Makefile layout standards]
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@google.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit b430e9d1c6 ("remove compressed copy from zram in-memory")
applied swap_slot_free_notify call in *end_swap_bio_read* to remove
duplicated memory between zram and memory.
However, with the introduction of rw_page in zram: 8c7f01025f ("zram:
implement rw_page operation of zram"), it became void because rw_page
doesn't need bio.
Memory footprint is really important in embedded platforms which have
small memory, for example, 512M) recently because it could start to kill
processes if memory footprint exceeds some threshold by LMK or some
similar memory management modules.
This patch restores the function for rw_page, thereby eliminating this
duplication.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: karam.lee <karam.lee@lge.com>
Cc: <sangseok.lee@lge.com>
Cc: Chan Jeong <chan.jeong@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull drm updates from Dave Airlie:
"This is the main drm pull request for 4.6 kernel.
Overall the coolest thing here for me is the nouveau maxwell signed
firmware support from NVidia, it's taken a long while to extract this
from them.
I also wish the ARM vendors just designed one set of display IP, ARM
display block proliferation is definitely increasing.
Core:
- drm_event cleanups
- Internal API cleanup making mode_fixup optional.
- Apple GMUX vga switcheroo support.
- DP AUX testing interface
Panel:
- Refactoring of DSI core for use over more transports.
New driver:
- ARM hdlcd driver
i915:
- FBC/PSR (framebuffer compression, panel self refresh) enabled by default.
- Ongoing atomic display support work
- Ongoing runtime PM work
- Pixel clock limit checks
- VBT DSI description support
- GEM fixes
- GuC firmware scheduler enhancements
amdkfd:
- Deferred probing fixes to avoid make file or link ordering.
amdgpu/radeon:
- ACP support for i2s audio support.
- Command Submission/GPU scheduler/GPUVM optimisations
- Initial GPU reset support for amdgpu
vmwgfx:
- Support for DX10 gen mipmaps
- Pageflipping and other fixes.
exynos:
- Exynos5420 SoC support for FIMD
- Exynos5422 SoC support for MIPI-DSI
nouveau:
- GM20x secure boot support - adds acceleration for Maxwell GPUs.
- GM200 support
- GM20B clock driver support
- Power sensors work
etnaviv:
- Correctness fixes for GPU cache flushing
- Better support for i.MX6 systems.
imx-drm:
- VBlank IRQ support
- Fence support
- OF endpoint support
msm:
- HDMI support for 8996 (snapdragon 820)
- Adreno 430 support
- Timestamp queries support
virtio-gpu:
- Fixes for Android support.
rockchip:
- Add support for Innosilicion HDMI
rcar-du:
- Support for 4 crtcs
- R8A7795 support
- RCar Gen 3 support
omapdrm:
- HDMI interlace output support
- dma-buf import support
- Refactoring to remove a lot of legacy code.
tilcdc:
- Rewrite of pageflipping code
- dma-buf support
- pinctrl support
vc4:
- HDMI modesetting bug fixes
- Significant 3D performance improvement.
fsl-dcu (FreeScale):
- Lots of fixes
tegra:
- Two small fixes
sti:
- Atomic support for planes
- Improved HDMI support"
* 'drm-next' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux: (1063 commits)
drm/amdgpu: release_pages requires linux/pagemap.h
drm/sti: restore mode_fixup callback
drm/amdgpu/gfx7: add MTYPE definition
drm/amdgpu: removing BO_VAs shouldn't be interruptible
drm/amd/powerplay: show uvd/vce power gate enablement for tonga.
drm/amd/powerplay: show uvd/vce power gate info for fiji
drm/amdgpu: use sched fence if possible
drm/amdgpu: move ib.fence to job.fence
drm/amdgpu: give a fence param to ib_free
drm/amdgpu: include the right version of gmc header files for iceland
drm/radeon: fix indentation.
drm/amd/powerplay: add uvd/vce dpm enabling flag to fix the performance issue for CZ
drm/amdgpu: switch back to 32bit hw fences v2
drm/amdgpu: remove amdgpu_fence_is_signaled
drm/amdgpu: drop the extra fence range check v2
drm/amdgpu: signal fences directly in amdgpu_fence_process
drm/amdgpu: cleanup amdgpu_fence_wait_empty v2
drm/amdgpu: keep all fences in an RCU protected array v2
drm/amdgpu: add number of hardware submissions to amdgpu_fence_driver_init_ring
drm/amdgpu: RCU protected amd_sched_fence_release
...
Pull x86 protection key support from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree adds support for a new memory protection hardware feature
that is available in upcoming Intel CPUs: 'protection keys' (pkeys).
There's a background article at LWN.net:
https://lwn.net/Articles/643797/
The gist is that protection keys allow the encoding of
user-controllable permission masks in the pte. So instead of having a
fixed protection mask in the pte (which needs a system call to change
and works on a per page basis), the user can map a (handful of)
protection mask variants and can change the masks runtime relatively
cheaply, without having to change every single page in the affected
virtual memory range.
This allows the dynamic switching of the protection bits of large
amounts of virtual memory, via user-space instructions. It also
allows more precise control of MMU permission bits: for example the
executable bit is separate from the read bit (see more about that
below).
This tree adds the MM infrastructure and low level x86 glue needed for
that, plus it adds a high level API to make use of protection keys -
if a user-space application calls:
mmap(..., PROT_EXEC);
or
mprotect(ptr, sz, PROT_EXEC);
(note PROT_EXEC-only, without PROT_READ/WRITE), the kernel will notice
this special case, and will set a special protection key on this
memory range. It also sets the appropriate bits in the Protection
Keys User Rights (PKRU) register so that the memory becomes unreadable
and unwritable.
So using protection keys the kernel is able to implement 'true'
PROT_EXEC on x86 CPUs: without protection keys PROT_EXEC implies
PROT_READ as well. Unreadable executable mappings have security
advantages: they cannot be read via information leaks to figure out
ASLR details, nor can they be scanned for ROP gadgets - and they
cannot be used by exploits for data purposes either.
We know about no user-space code that relies on pure PROT_EXEC
mappings today, but binary loaders could start making use of this new
feature to map binaries and libraries in a more secure fashion.
There is other pending pkeys work that offers more high level system
call APIs to manage protection keys - but those are not part of this
pull request.
Right now there's a Kconfig that controls this feature
(CONFIG_X86_INTEL_MEMORY_PROTECTION_KEYS) that is default enabled
(like most x86 CPU feature enablement code that has no runtime
overhead), but it's not user-configurable at the moment. If there's
any serious problem with this then we can make it configurable and/or
flip the default"
* 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (38 commits)
x86/mm/pkeys: Fix mismerge of protection keys CPUID bits
mm/pkeys: Fix siginfo ABI breakage caused by new u64 field
x86/mm/pkeys: Fix access_error() denial of writes to write-only VMA
mm/core, x86/mm/pkeys: Add execute-only protection keys support
x86/mm/pkeys: Create an x86 arch_calc_vm_prot_bits() for VMA flags
x86/mm/pkeys: Allow kernel to modify user pkey rights register
x86/fpu: Allow setting of XSAVE state
x86/mm: Factor out LDT init from context init
mm/core, x86/mm/pkeys: Add arch_validate_pkey()
mm/core, arch, powerpc: Pass a protection key in to calc_vm_flag_bits()
x86/mm/pkeys: Actually enable Memory Protection Keys in the CPU
x86/mm/pkeys: Add Kconfig prompt to existing config option
x86/mm/pkeys: Dump pkey from VMA in /proc/pid/smaps
x86/mm/pkeys: Dump PKRU with other kernel registers
mm/core, x86/mm/pkeys: Differentiate instruction fetches
x86/mm/pkeys: Optimize fault handling in access_error()
mm/core: Do not enforce PKEY permissions on remote mm access
um, pkeys: Add UML arch_*_access_permitted() methods
mm/gup, x86/mm/pkeys: Check VMAs and PTEs for protection keys
x86/mm/gup: Simplify get_user_pages() PTE bit handling
...
Highlights:
- Restructure Linux PTE on Book3S/64 to Radix format from Paul Mackerras
- Book3s 64 MMU cleanup in preparation for Radix MMU from Aneesh Kumar K.V
- Add POWER9 cputable entry from Michael Neuling
- FPU/Altivec/VSX save/restore optimisations from Cyril Bur
- Add support for new ftrace ABI on ppc64le from Torsten Duwe
Various cleanups & minor fixes from:
- Adam Buchbinder, Andrew Donnellan, Balbir Singh, Christophe Leroy, Cyril
Bur, Luis Henriques, Madhavan Srinivasan, Pan Xinhui, Russell Currey,
Sukadev Bhattiprolu, Suraj Jitindar Singh.
General:
- atomics: Allow architectures to define their own __atomic_op_* helpers from
Boqun Feng
- Implement atomic{, 64}_*_return_* variants and acquire/release/relaxed
variants for (cmp)xchg from Boqun Feng
- Add powernv_defconfig from Jeremy Kerr
- Fix BUG_ON() reporting in real mode from Balbir Singh
- Add xmon command to dump OPAL msglog from Andrew Donnellan
- Add xmon command to dump process/task similar to ps(1) from Douglas Miller
- Clean up memory hotplug failure paths from David Gibson
pci/eeh:
- Redesign SR-IOV on PowerNV to give absolute isolation between VFs from Wei
Yang.
- EEH Support for SRIOV VFs from Wei Yang and Gavin Shan.
- PCI/IOV: Rename and export virtfn_{add, remove} from Wei Yang
- PCI: Add pcibios_bus_add_device() weak function from Wei Yang
- MAINTAINERS: Update EEH details and maintainership from Russell Currey
cxl:
- Support added to the CXL driver for running on both bare-metal and
hypervisor systems, from Christophe Lombard and Frederic Barrat.
- Ignore probes for virtual afu pci devices from Vaibhav Jain
perf:
- Export Power8 generic and cache events to sysfs from Sukadev Bhattiprolu
- hv-24x7: Fix usage with chip events, display change in counter values,
display domain indices in sysfs, eliminate domain suffix in event names,
from Sukadev Bhattiprolu
Freescale:
- Updates from Scott: "Highlights include 8xx optimizations, 32-bit checksum
optimizations, 86xx consolidation, e5500/e6500 cpu hotplug, more fman and
other dt bits, and minor fixes/cleanup."
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Merge tag 'powerpc-4.6-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
Pull powerpc updates from Michael Ellerman:
"This was delayed a day or two by some build-breakage on old toolchains
which we've now fixed.
There's two PCI commits both acked by Bjorn.
There's one commit to mm/hugepage.c which is (co)authored by Kirill.
Highlights:
- Restructure Linux PTE on Book3S/64 to Radix format from Paul
Mackerras
- Book3s 64 MMU cleanup in preparation for Radix MMU from Aneesh
Kumar K.V
- Add POWER9 cputable entry from Michael Neuling
- FPU/Altivec/VSX save/restore optimisations from Cyril Bur
- Add support for new ftrace ABI on ppc64le from Torsten Duwe
Various cleanups & minor fixes from:
- Adam Buchbinder, Andrew Donnellan, Balbir Singh, Christophe Leroy,
Cyril Bur, Luis Henriques, Madhavan Srinivasan, Pan Xinhui, Russell
Currey, Sukadev Bhattiprolu, Suraj Jitindar Singh.
General:
- atomics: Allow architectures to define their own __atomic_op_*
helpers from Boqun Feng
- Implement atomic{, 64}_*_return_* variants and acquire/release/
relaxed variants for (cmp)xchg from Boqun Feng
- Add powernv_defconfig from Jeremy Kerr
- Fix BUG_ON() reporting in real mode from Balbir Singh
- Add xmon command to dump OPAL msglog from Andrew Donnellan
- Add xmon command to dump process/task similar to ps(1) from Douglas
Miller
- Clean up memory hotplug failure paths from David Gibson
pci/eeh:
- Redesign SR-IOV on PowerNV to give absolute isolation between VFs
from Wei Yang.
- EEH Support for SRIOV VFs from Wei Yang and Gavin Shan.
- PCI/IOV: Rename and export virtfn_{add, remove} from Wei Yang
- PCI: Add pcibios_bus_add_device() weak function from Wei Yang
- MAINTAINERS: Update EEH details and maintainership from Russell
Currey
cxl:
- Support added to the CXL driver for running on both bare-metal and
hypervisor systems, from Christophe Lombard and Frederic Barrat.
- Ignore probes for virtual afu pci devices from Vaibhav Jain
perf:
- Export Power8 generic and cache events to sysfs from Sukadev
Bhattiprolu
- hv-24x7: Fix usage with chip events, display change in counter
values, display domain indices in sysfs, eliminate domain suffix in
event names, from Sukadev Bhattiprolu
Freescale:
- Updates from Scott: "Highlights include 8xx optimizations, 32-bit
checksum optimizations, 86xx consolidation, e5500/e6500 cpu
hotplug, more fman and other dt bits, and minor fixes/cleanup"
* tag 'powerpc-4.6-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux: (179 commits)
powerpc: Fix unrecoverable SLB miss during restore_math()
powerpc/8xx: Fix do_mtspr_cpu6() build on older compilers
powerpc/rcpm: Fix build break when SMP=n
powerpc/book3e-64: Use hardcoded mttmr opcode
powerpc/fsl/dts: Add "jedec,spi-nor" flash compatible
powerpc/T104xRDB: add tdm riser card node to device tree
powerpc32: PAGE_EXEC required for inittext
powerpc/mpc85xx: Add pcsphy nodes to FManV3 device tree
powerpc/mpc85xx: Add MDIO bus muxing support to the board device tree(s)
powerpc/86xx: Introduce and use common dtsi
powerpc/86xx: Update device tree
powerpc/86xx: Move dts files to fsl directory
powerpc/86xx: Switch to kconfig fragments approach
powerpc/86xx: Update defconfigs
powerpc/86xx: Consolidate common platform code
powerpc32: Remove one insn in mulhdu
powerpc32: small optimisation in flush_icache_range()
powerpc: Simplify test in __dma_sync()
powerpc32: move xxxxx_dcache_range() functions inline
powerpc32: Remove clear_pages() and define clear_page() inline
...
Merge second patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:
- a couple of hotfixes
- the rest of MM
- a new timer slack control in procfs
- a couple of procfs fixes
- a few misc things
- some printk tweaks
- lib/ updates, notably to radix-tree.
- add my and Nick Piggin's old userspace radix-tree test harness to
tools/testing/radix-tree/. Matthew said it was a godsend during the
radix-tree work he did.
- a few code-size improvements, switching to __always_inline where gcc
screwed up.
- partially implement character sets in sscanf
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (118 commits)
sscanf: implement basic character sets
lib/bug.c: use common WARN helper
param: convert some "on"/"off" users to strtobool
lib: add "on"/"off" support to kstrtobool
lib: update single-char callers of strtobool()
lib: move strtobool() to kstrtobool()
include/linux/unaligned: force inlining of byteswap operations
include/uapi/linux/byteorder, swab: force inlining of some byteswap operations
include/asm-generic/atomic-long.h: force inlining of some atomic_long operations
usb: common: convert to use match_string() helper
ide: hpt366: convert to use match_string() helper
ata: hpt366: convert to use match_string() helper
power: ab8500: convert to use match_string() helper
power: charger_manager: convert to use match_string() helper
drm/edid: convert to use match_string() helper
pinctrl: convert to use match_string() helper
device property: convert to use match_string() helper
lib/string: introduce match_string() helper
radix-tree tests: add test for radix_tree_iter_next
radix-tree tests: add regression3 test
...
Pull trivial tree updates from Jiri Kosina.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial:
drivers/rtc: broken link fix
drm/i915 Fix typos in i915_gem_fence.c
Docs: fix missing word in REPORTING-BUGS
lib+mm: fix few spelling mistakes
MAINTAINERS: add git URL for APM driver
treewide: Fix typo in printk
shmem likes to occasionally drop the lock, schedule, then reacqire the
lock and continue with the iteration from the last place it left off.
This is currently done with a pretty ugly goto. Introduce
radix_tree_iter_next() and use it throughout shmem.c.
[koct9i@gmail.com: fix bug in radix_tree_iter_next() for tagged iteration]
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman