Update: My mailer ate one of Jarek's feedback mails... Fixed the
parameter in netif_set_gso_max_size() to be u32, not u16. Fixed the
whitespace issue due to a patch import botch. Changed the types from
u32 to unsigned int to be more consistent with other variables in the
area. Also brought the patch up to the latest net-2.6.26 tree.
Update: Made gso_max_size container 32 bits, not 16. Moved the
location of gso_max_size within netdev to be less hotpath. Made more
consistent names between the sock and netdev layers, and added a
define for the max GSO size.
Update: Respun for net-2.6.26 tree.
Update: changed max_gso_frame_size and sk_gso_max_size from signed to
unsigned - thanks Stephen!
This patch adds the ability for device drivers to control the size of
the TSO frames being sent to them, per TCP connection. By setting the
netdevice's gso_max_size value, the socket layer will set the GSO
frame size based on that value. This will propogate into the TCP
layer, and send TSO's of that size to the hardware.
This can be desirable to help tune the bursty nature of TSO on a
per-adapter basis, where one may have 1 GbE and 10 GbE devices
coexisting in a system, one running multiqueue and the other not, etc.
This can also be desirable for devices that cannot support full 64 KB
TSO's, but still want to benefit from some level of segmentation
offloading.
Signed-off-by: Peter P Waskiewicz Jr <peter.p.waskiewicz.jr@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
'sync' wakeups are a hint towards the scheduler that (certain)
networking related wakeups likely create coupling between tasks.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
__FUNCTION__ is gcc-specific, use __func__
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This staff will be needed for non-netlink kernel sockets, which should
also not pin a namespace like tcp_socket and icmp_socket.
Signed-off-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <dlezcano@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
fastcall always expands to empty, remove it.
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A userspace program may wish to set the mark for each packets its send
without using the netfilter MARK target. Changing the mark can be used
for mark based routing without netfilter or for packet filtering.
It requires CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Attila Toth <panther@balabit.hu>
Acked-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
1) Cleanups (all functions are prefixed by sock_prot_inuse)
sock_prot_inc_use(prot) -> sock_prot_inuse_add(prot,-1)
sock_prot_dec_use(prot) -> sock_prot_inuse_add(prot,-1)
sock_prot_inuse() -> sock_prot_inuse_get()
New functions :
sock_prot_inuse_init() and sock_prot_inuse_free() to abstract pcounter use.
2) if CONFIG_PROC_FS=n, we can zap 'inuse' member from "struct proto",
since nobody wants to read the inuse value.
This saves 1372 bytes on i386/SMP and some cpu cycles.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add __acquires() and __releases() annotations to suppress some sparse
warnings.
example of warnings :
net/ipv4/udp.c:1555:14: warning: context imbalance in 'udp_seq_start' - wrong
count at exit
net/ipv4/udp.c:1571:13: warning: context imbalance in 'udp_seq_stop' -
unexpected unlock
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Avoid an expensive divide (as done in commit
18030477e70a826b91608aee40a987bbd368fec6 but lost in commit
23821d2653111d20e75472c8c5003df1a55309a8)
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch introduces new memory accounting functions for each network
protocol. Most of them are renamed from memory accounting functions
for stream protocols. At the same time, some stream memory accounting
functions are removed since other functions do same thing.
Renaming:
sk_stream_free_skb() -> sk_wmem_free_skb()
__sk_stream_mem_reclaim() -> __sk_mem_reclaim()
sk_stream_mem_reclaim() -> sk_mem_reclaim()
sk_stream_mem_schedule -> __sk_mem_schedule()
sk_stream_pages() -> sk_mem_pages()
sk_stream_rmem_schedule() -> sk_rmem_schedule()
sk_stream_wmem_schedule() -> sk_wmem_schedule()
sk_charge_skb() -> sk_mem_charge()
Removeing
sk_stream_rfree(): consolidates into sock_rfree()
sk_stream_set_owner_r(): consolidates into skb_set_owner_r()
sk_stream_mem_schedule()
The following functions are added.
sk_has_account(): check if the protocol supports accounting
sk_mem_uncharge(): do the opposite of sk_mem_charge()
In addition, to achieve consolidation, updating sk_wmem_queued is
removed from sk_mem_charge().
Next, to consolidate memory accounting functions, this patch adds
memory accounting calls to network core functions. Moreover, present
memory accounting call is renamed to new accounting call.
Finally we replace present memory accounting calls with new interface
in TCP and SCTP.
Signed-off-by: Takahiro Yasui <tyasui@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hideo Aoki <haoki@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The sock_wake_async() performs a bit different actions
depending on "how" argument. Unfortunately this argument
ony has numerical magic values.
I propose to give names to their constants to help people
reading this function callers understand what's going on
without looking into this function all the time.
I suppose this is 2.6.25 material, but if it's not (or the
naming seems poor/bad/awful), I can rework it against the
current net-2.6 tree.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds a protocol/address family number, ARP hardware type,
ethernet packet type, and a line discipline number for the SocketCAN
implementation.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Hartkopp <oliver.hartkopp@volkswagen.de>
Signed-off-by: Urs Thuermann <urs.thuermann@volkswagen.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The sock_valbool_flag() helper is used in setsockopt to
set or reset some flag on the sock. This helper is required
in the net/socket.c only, so move it there.
Besides, patch two places in sys_setsockopt() that repeat
this helper functionality manually.
Since this is not a bugfix, but a trivial cleanup, I
prepared this patch against net-2.6.25, but it also
applies (with a single offset) to the latest net-2.6.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add raw drops counter for IPv4 in /proc/net/raw .
Signed-off-by: Wang Chen <wangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The struct proto has the per-cpu "inuse" counter, which is handled
with a special care. All the handling code hides under the ifdef
CONFIG_SMP and it introduces some code duplication and makes it
look worse than it could.
Clean this.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
"struct proto" currently uses an array stats[NR_CPUS] to track change on
'inuse' sockets per protocol.
If NR_CPUS is big, this means we use a big memory area for this.
Moreover, all this memory area is located on a single node on NUMA
machines, increasing memory pressure on the boot node.
In this patch, I tried to :
- Keep a fast !CONFIG_SMP implementation
- Keep a fast CONFIG_SMP implementation for often used protocols
(tcp,udp,raw,...)
- Introduce a NUMA efficient implementation
Some helper macros are defined in include/net/sock.h
These macros take into account CONFIG_SMP
If a "struct proto" is declared without using DEFINE_PROTO_INUSE /
REF_PROTO_INUSE
macros, it will automatically use a default implementation, using a
dynamically allocated percpu zone.
This default implementation will be NUMA efficient, but might use 32/64
bytes per possible cpu
because of current alloc_percpu() implementation.
However it still should be better than previous implementation based on
stats[NR_CPUS] field.
When a "struct proto" is changed to use the new macros, we use a single
static "int" percpu variable,
lowering the memory and cpu costs, still preserving NUMA efficiency.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Finally, the zero_it argument can be completely removed from
the callers and from the function prototype.
Besides, fix the checkpatch.pl warnings about using the
assignments inside if-s.
This patch is rather big, and it is a part of the previous one.
I splitted it wishing to make the patches more readable. Hope
this particular split helped.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
At this point nobody calls the sk_alloc(() with zero_it == 0,
so remove unneeded checks from it.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The sk_prot_alloc() already performs all the stuff needed by the
sk_clone(). Besides, the sk_prot_alloc() requires almost twice
less arguments than the sk_alloc() does, so call the sk_prot_alloc()
saving the stack a bit.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The security_sk_alloc() and the module_get is a part of the
object allocations - move it in the proper place.
Note, that since we do not reset the newly allocated sock
in the sk_alloc() (memset() is removed with the previous
patch) we can safely do this.
Also fix the error path in sk_prot_alloc() - release the security
context if needed.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We have a __GFP_ZERO flag that allocates a zeroed chunk of memory.
Use it in the sk_alloc() and avoid a hand-made memset().
This is a temporary patch that will help us in the nearest future :)
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The sock object is allocated either from the generic cache with
the kmalloc, or from the proc->slab cache.
Move this logic into an isolated set of helpers and make the
sk_alloc/sk_free look a bit nicer.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The sock_copy() is supposed to just clone the socket. In a perfect
world it has to be just memcpy, but we have to handle the security
mark correctly. All the extra setup must be performed in sk_clone()
call, so move the get_net() into more proper place.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The sock_copy() call is not used outside the sock.c file,
so just move it into a sock.c
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
sock_enable_timestamp() no longer has any modular users.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The task_struct->pid member is going to be deprecated, so start
using the helpers (task_pid_nr/task_pid_vnr/task_pid_nr_ns) in
the kernel.
The first thing to start with is the pid, printed to dmesg - in
this case we may safely use task_pid_nr(). Besides, printks produce
more (much more) than a half of all the explicit pid usage.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: git-drm went and changed lots of stuff]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is done merely as a preparation for the fix.
The sk_filter_uncharge() unaccounts the filter memory and calls
the sk_filter_release(), which in turn decrements the refcount
anf frees the filter.
The latter function will be required separately.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Filter is attached in a separate function, so do the
same for filter detaching.
This also removes one variable sock_setsockopt().
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Fix networking code kernel-doc for newly added parameters.
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/sock.c:879): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:570): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:594): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:617): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:641): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:667): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:722): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:959): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:1195): No description found for parameter 'dev'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:2105): No description found for parameter 'n'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:3272): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//net/core/dev.c:3445): No description found for parameter 'net'
Warning(linux-2.6.23-git2//include/linux/netdevice.h:1301): No description found for parameter 'cpu'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch makes most of the generic device layer network
namespace safe. This patch makes dev_base_head a
network namespace variable, and then it picks up
a few associated variables. The functions:
dev_getbyhwaddr
dev_getfirsthwbytype
dev_get_by_flags
dev_get_by_name
__dev_get_by_name
dev_get_by_index
__dev_get_by_index
dev_ioctl
dev_ethtool
dev_load
wireless_process_ioctl
were modified to take a network namespace argument, and
deal with it.
vlan_ioctl_set and brioctl_set were modified so their
hooks will receive a network namespace argument.
So basically anthing in the core of the network stack that was
affected to by the change of dev_base was modified to handle
multiple network namespaces. The rest of the network stack was
simply modified to explicitly use &init_net the initial network
namespace. This can be fixed when those components of the network
stack are modified to handle multiple network namespaces.
For now the ifindex generator is left global.
Fundametally ifindex numbers are per namespace, or else
we will have corner case problems with migration when
we get that far.
At the same time there are assumptions in the network stack
that the ifindex of a network device won't change. Making
the ifindex number global seems a good compromise until
the network stack can cope with ifindex changes when
you change namespaces, and the like.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch passes in the namespace a new socket should be created in
and has the socket code do the appropriate reference counting. By
virtue of this all socket create methods are touched. In addition
the socket create methods are modified so that they will fail if
you attempt to create a socket in a non-default network namespace.
Failing if we attempt to create a socket outside of the default
network namespace ensures that as we incrementally make the network stack
network namespace aware we will not export functionality that someone
has not audited and made certain is network namespace safe.
Allowing us to partially enable network namespaces before all of the
exotic protocols are supported.
Any protocol layers I have missed will fail to compile because I now
pass an extra parameter into the socket creation code.
[ Integrated AF_IUCV build fixes from Andrew Morton... -DaveM ]
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch makes /proc/net per network namespace. It modifies the global
variables proc_net and proc_net_stat to be per network namespace.
The proc_net file helpers are modified to take a network namespace argument,
and all of their callers are fixed to pass &init_net for that argument.
This ensures that all of the /proc/net files are only visible and
usable in the initial network namespace until the code behind them
has been updated to be handle multiple network namespaces.
Making /proc/net per namespace is necessary as at least some files
in /proc/net depend upon the set of network devices which is per
network namespace, and even more files in /proc/net have contents
that are relevant to a single network namespace.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The type of owner in sock_lock_t is currently (struct sock_iocb *),
presumably for historical reasons. It is never used as this type, only
tested as NULL or set to (void *)1. For clarity, this changes it to type
int, and renames to owned, to avoid any possible type casting errors.
Signed-off-by: John Heffner <jheffner@psc.edu>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
1) Comments suggest that setting optlen to zero will unbind
the socket from whatever device it might be attached to. This
hasn't been the case since at least 2.2.x because the first thing
this function does is return -EINVAL if 'optlen' is less than
sizeof(int).
This check also means that passing in a two byte string doesn't
work so well. It's almost as if this code was testing with "eth?"
patterned strings and nothing else :-)
Fix this by breaking the logic of this facility out into a
seperate function which validates optlen more appropriately.
The optlen==0 and small string cases now work properly.
2) We should reset the cached route of the socket after we have made
the device binding changes, not before.
Reported by Ben Greear.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add missing entries to af_family_clock_key_strings[].
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Slab destructors were no longer supported after Christoph's
c59def9f22 change. They've been
BUGs for both slab and slub, and slob never supported them
either.
This rips out support for the dtor pointer from kmem_cache_create()
completely and fixes up every single callsite in the kernel (there were
about 224, not including the slab allocator definitions themselves,
or the documentation references).
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
the two init sites resulted in inconsistend names for the lock class.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- save 4 bytes
- it's read-mostly.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This includes /proc/net/protocols, /proc/net/rxrpc_calls and
/proc/net/rxrpc_connections files.
All three need seq_list_start_head to show some header.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This isn't a bug just yet as only TCP uses sk_setup_caps for GSO.
However, if and when UDP or something else starts using it this is
likely to cause a problem if we forget to add software emulation
for it at the same time.
The problem is that right now we translate GSO emulation to the
bitmask NETIF_F_GSO_MASK, which includes every protocol, even
ones that we cannot emulate.
This patch makes it provide only the ones that we can emulate.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
sys_setsockopt() do not check properly timeout values for
SO_RCVTIMEO/SO_SNDTIMEO, for example it's possible to set negative timeout
values. POSIX do not defines behaviour for sys_setsockopt in case negative
timeouts, but requires that setsockopt() shall fail with -EDOM if the send and
receive timeout values are too big to fit into the timeout fields in the socket
structure.
In current implementation negative timeout can lead to error messages like
"schedule_timeout: wrong timeout value".
Proposed patch:
- checks tv_usec and returns -EDOM if it is wrong
- do not allows to set negative timeout values (sets 0 instead) and outputs
ratelimited information message about such attempts.
Signed-off-By: Vasily Averin <vvs@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Provide AF_RXRPC sockets that can be used to talk to AFS servers, or serve
answers to AFS clients. KerberosIV security is fully supported. The patches
and some example test programs can be found in:
http://people.redhat.com/~dhowells/rxrpc/
This will eventually replace the old implementation of kernel-only RxRPC
currently resident in net/rxrpc/.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It is far too large to be an inline and not in any hot paths.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The seq_file operations stuff can be marked constant to
get it out of dirty cache.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Now that network timestamps use ktime_t infrastructure, we can add a new
SOL_SOCKET sockopt SO_TIMESTAMPNS.
This command is similar to SO_TIMESTAMP, but permits transmission of
a 'timespec struct' instead of a 'timeval struct' control message.
(nanosecond resolution instead of microsecond)
Control message is labelled SCM_TIMESTAMPNS instead of SCM_TIMESTAMP
A socket cannot mix SO_TIMESTAMP and SO_TIMESTAMPNS : the two modes are
mutually exclusive.
sock_recv_timestamp() became too big to be fully inlined so I added a
__sock_recv_timestamp() helper function.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
CC: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Fix whitespace around keywords. Fix indentation especially of switch
statements.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Now network timestamps use ktime_t infrastructure, we can add a new
ioctl() SIOCGSTAMPNS command to get timestamps in 'struct timespec'.
User programs can thus access to nanosecond resolution.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
CC: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We currently use a special structure (struct skb_timeval) and plain
'struct timeval' to store packet timestamps in sk_buffs and struct
sock.
This has some drawbacks :
- Fixed resolution of micro second.
- Waste of space on 64bit platforms where sizeof(struct timeval)=16
I suggest using ktime_t that is a nice abstraction of high resolution
time services, currently capable of nanosecond resolution.
As sizeof(ktime_t) is 8 bytes, using ktime_t in 'struct sock' permits
a 8 byte shrink of this structure on 64bit architectures. Some other
structures also benefit from this size reduction (struct ipq in
ipv4/ip_fragment.c, struct frag_queue in ipv6/reassembly.c, ...)
Once this ktime infrastructure adopted, we can more easily provide
nanosecond resolution on top of it. (ioctl SIOCGSTAMPNS and/or
SO_TIMESTAMPNS/SCM_TIMESTAMPNS)
Note : this patch includes a bug correction in
compat_sock_get_timestamp() where a "err = 0;" was missing (so this
syscall returned -ENOENT instead of 0)
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
CC: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
CC: John find <linux.kernel@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
sk_backlog is a critical field of struct sock. (known famous words)
It is (ab)used in hot paths, in particular in release_sock(), tcp_recvmsg(),
tcp_v4_rcv(), sk_receive_skb().
It really makes sense to place it next to sk_lock, because sk_backlog is only
used after sk_lock locked (and thus memory cache line in L1 cache). This
should reduce cache misses and sk_lock acquisition time.
(In theory, we could only move the head pointer near sk_lock, and leaving tail
far away, because 'tail' is normally not so hot, but keep it simple :) )
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Turning up the warnings on gcc makes it emit warnings
about the placement of 'inline' in function declarations.
Here's everything that was under net/
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch fixes a typo in compat_sock_common_getsockopt.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Many struct file_operations in the kernel can be "const". Marking them const
moves these to the .rodata section, which avoids false sharing with potential
dirty data. In addition it'll catch accidental writes at compile time to
these shared resources.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Stick NFS sockets in their own class to avoid some lockdep warnings. NFS
sockets are never exposed to user-space, and will hence not trigger certain
code paths that would otherwise pose deadlock scenarios.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Steven Dickson <SteveD@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
[ Fixed patch corruption by quilt, pointed out by Peter Zijlstra ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace all uses of kmem_cache_t with struct kmem_cache.
The patch was generated using the following script:
#!/bin/sh
#
# Replace one string by another in all the kernel sources.
#
set -e
for file in `find * -name "*.c" -o -name "*.h"|xargs grep -l $1`; do
quilt add $file
sed -e "1,\$s/$1/$2/g" $file >/tmp/$$
mv /tmp/$$ $file
quilt refresh
done
The script was run like this
sh replace kmem_cache_t "struct kmem_cache"
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Spotted by Ian McDonald, tentatively fixed by Gerrit Renker:
http://www.mail-archive.com/dccp%40vger.kernel.org/msg00599.html
Rewritten not to unroll sk_receive_skb, in the common case, i.e. no lock
debugging, its optimized away.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com>
We have seen a couple of __alloc_pages() failures due to
fragmentation, there is plenty of free memory but no large order pages
available. I think the problem is in sock_alloc_send_pskb(), the
gfp_mask includes __GFP_REPEAT but its never used/passed to the page
allocator. Shouldnt the gfp_mask be passed to alloc_skb() ?
Signed-off-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This annotation makes it possible to assign a subclass on lock init. This
annotation is meant to reduce the _nested() annotations by assigning a
default subclass.
One could do without this annotation and rely on lockdep_set_class()
exclusively, but that would require a manual stack of struct lock_class_key
objects.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
Function sk_filter() is called from tcp_v{4,6}_rcv() functions with arg
needlock = 0, while socket is not locked at that moment. In order to avoid
this and similar issues in the future, use rcu for sk->sk_filter field read
protection.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Mishin <dim@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Change net/core, ipv4 and ipv6 sysctl variables to __read_mostly.
Couldn't actually measure any performance increase while testing (.3%
I consider noise), but seems like the right thing to do.
Signed-off-by: Brian Haley <brian.haley@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This adds security for IP sockets at the sock level. Security at the
sock level is needed to enforce the SELinux security policy for
security associations even when a sock is orphaned (such as in the TCP
LAST_ACK state).
This will also be used to enforce SELinux controls over data arriving
at or leaving a child socket while it's still waiting to be accepted.
Signed-off-by: Venkat Yekkirala <vyekkirala@TrustedCS.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Teach sk_lock semantics to the lock validator. In the softirq path the
slock has mutex_trylock()+mutex_unlock() semantics, in the process context
sock_lock() case it has mutex_lock()/mutex_unlock() semantics.
Thus we treat sock_owned_by_user() flagged areas as an exclusion area too,
not just those areas covered by a held sk_lock.slock.
Effect on non-lockdep kernels: minimal, sk_lock_sock_init() has been turned
into an inline function.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Teach special (multi-initialized, per-address-family) locking code to the lock
validator. Has no effect on non-lockdep kernels.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch implements an API whereby an application can determine the
label of its peer's Unix datagram sockets via the auxiliary data mechanism of
recvmsg.
Patch purpose:
This patch enables a security-aware application to retrieve the
security context of the peer of a Unix datagram socket. The application
can then use this security context to determine the security context for
processing on behalf of the peer who sent the packet.
Patch design and implementation:
The design and implementation is very similar to the UDP case for INET
sockets. Basically we build upon the existing Unix domain socket API for
retrieving user credentials. Linux offers the API for obtaining user
credentials via ancillary messages (i.e., out of band/control messages
that are bundled together with a normal message). To retrieve the security
context, the application first indicates to the kernel such desire by
setting the SO_PASSSEC option via getsockopt. Then the application
retrieves the security context using the auxiliary data mechanism.
An example server application for Unix datagram socket should look like this:
toggle = 1;
toggle_len = sizeof(toggle);
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSSEC, &toggle, &toggle_len);
recvmsg(sockfd, &msg_hdr, 0);
if (msg_hdr.msg_controllen > sizeof(struct cmsghdr)) {
cmsg_hdr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg_hdr);
if (cmsg_hdr->cmsg_len <= CMSG_LEN(sizeof(scontext)) &&
cmsg_hdr->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
cmsg_hdr->cmsg_type == SCM_SECURITY) {
memcpy(&scontext, CMSG_DATA(cmsg_hdr), sizeof(scontext));
}
}
sock_setsockopt is enhanced with a new socket option SOCK_PASSSEC to allow
a server socket to receive security context of the peer.
Testing:
We have tested the patch by setting up Unix datagram client and server
applications. We verified that the server can retrieve the security context
using the auxiliary data mechanism of recvmsg.
Signed-off-by: Catherine Zhang <cxzhang@watson.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Adds an async_wait_queue and some additional fields to tcp_sock, and a
dma_cookie_t to sk_buff.
Signed-off-by: Chris Leech <christopher.leech@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Put a comment in there explaining why we double the setsockopt()
caller's SO_RCVBUF. People keep wondering.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
No code changes, just tidying up, in some cases moving EXPORT_SYMBOLs
to just after the function exported, etc.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch extends {get|set}sockopt compatibility layer in order to
move protocol specific parts to their place and avoid huge universal
net/compat.c file in the future.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Mishin <dim@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch implements an application of the LSM-IPSec networking
controls whereby an application can determine the label of the
security association its TCP or UDP sockets are currently connected to
via getsockopt and the auxiliary data mechanism of recvmsg.
Patch purpose:
This patch enables a security-aware application to retrieve the
security context of an IPSec security association a particular TCP or
UDP socket is using. The application can then use this security
context to determine the security context for processing on behalf of
the peer at the other end of this connection. In the case of UDP, the
security context is for each individual packet. An example
application is the inetd daemon, which could be modified to start
daemons running at security contexts dependent on the remote client.
Patch design approach:
- Design for TCP
The patch enables the SELinux LSM to set the peer security context for
a socket based on the security context of the IPSec security
association. The application may retrieve this context using
getsockopt. When called, the kernel determines if the socket is a
connected (TCP_ESTABLISHED) TCP socket and, if so, uses the dst_entry
cache on the socket to retrieve the security associations. If a
security association has a security context, the context string is
returned, as for UNIX domain sockets.
- Design for UDP
Unlike TCP, UDP is connectionless. This requires a somewhat different
API to retrieve the peer security context. With TCP, the peer
security context stays the same throughout the connection, thus it can
be retrieved at any time between when the connection is established
and when it is torn down. With UDP, each read/write can have
different peer and thus the security context might change every time.
As a result the security context retrieval must be done TOGETHER with
the packet retrieval.
The solution is to build upon the existing Unix domain socket API for
retrieving user credentials. Linux offers the API for obtaining user
credentials via ancillary messages (i.e., out of band/control messages
that are bundled together with a normal message).
Patch implementation details:
- Implementation for TCP
The security context can be retrieved by applications using getsockopt
with the existing SO_PEERSEC flag. As an example (ignoring error
checking):
getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, optbuf, &optlen);
printf("Socket peer context is: %s\n", optbuf);
The SELinux function, selinux_socket_getpeersec, is extended to check
for labeled security associations for connected (TCP_ESTABLISHED ==
sk->sk_state) TCP sockets only. If so, the socket has a dst_cache of
struct dst_entry values that may refer to security associations. If
these have security associations with security contexts, the security
context is returned.
getsockopt returns a buffer that contains a security context string or
the buffer is unmodified.
- Implementation for UDP
To retrieve the security context, the application first indicates to
the kernel such desire by setting the IP_PASSSEC option via
getsockopt. Then the application retrieves the security context using
the auxiliary data mechanism.
An example server application for UDP should look like this:
toggle = 1;
toggle_len = sizeof(toggle);
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_IP, IP_PASSSEC, &toggle, &toggle_len);
recvmsg(sockfd, &msg_hdr, 0);
if (msg_hdr.msg_controllen > sizeof(struct cmsghdr)) {
cmsg_hdr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg_hdr);
if (cmsg_hdr->cmsg_len <= CMSG_LEN(sizeof(scontext)) &&
cmsg_hdr->cmsg_level == SOL_IP &&
cmsg_hdr->cmsg_type == SCM_SECURITY) {
memcpy(&scontext, CMSG_DATA(cmsg_hdr), sizeof(scontext));
}
}
ip_setsockopt is enhanced with a new socket option IP_PASSSEC to allow
a server socket to receive security context of the peer. A new
ancillary message type SCM_SECURITY.
When the packet is received we get the security context from the
sec_path pointer which is contained in the sk_buff, and copy it to the
ancillary message space. An additional LSM hook,
selinux_socket_getpeersec_udp, is defined to retrieve the security
context from the SELinux space. The existing function,
selinux_socket_getpeersec does not suit our purpose, because the
security context is copied directly to user space, rather than to
kernel space.
Testing:
We have tested the patch by setting up TCP and UDP connections between
applications on two machines using the IPSec policies that result in
labeled security associations being built. For TCP, we can then
extract the peer security context using getsockopt on either end. For
UDP, the receiving end can retrieve the security context using the
auxiliary data mechanism of recvmsg.
Signed-off-by: Catherine Zhang <cxzhang@watson.ibm.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
net: Use <linux/capability.h> where capable() is used.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
So that we can share several timewait sockets related functions and
make the timewait mini sockets infrastructure closer to the request
mini sockets one.
Next changesets will take advantage of this, moving more code out of
TCP and DCCP v4 and v6 to common infrastructure.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
From: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
This is the net/ part of the big kfree cleanup patch.
Remove pointless checks for NULL prior to calling kfree() in net/.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@conectiva.com.br>
Acked-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Acked-by: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
- added typedef unsigned int __nocast gfp_t;
- replaced __nocast uses for gfp flags with gfp_t - it gives exactly
the same warnings as far as sparse is concerned, doesn't change
generated code (from gcc point of view we replaced unsigned int with
typedef) and documents what's going on far better.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I have been experimenting with loadable protocol modules, and ran into
several issues with module reference counting.
The first issue was that __module_get failed at the BUG_ON check at
the top of the routine (checking that my module reference count was
not zero) when I created the first socket. When sk_alloc() is called,
my module reference count was still 0. When I looked at why sctp
didn't have this problem, I discovered that sctp creates a control
socket during module init (when the module ref count is not 0), which
keeps the reference count non-zero. This section has been updated to
address the point Stephen raised about checking the return value of
try_module_get().
The next problem arose when my socket init routine returned an error.
This resulted in my module reference count being decremented below 0.
My socket ops->release routine was also being called. The issue here
is that sock_release() calls the ops->release routine and decrements
the ref count if sock->ops is not NULL. Since the socket probably
didn't get correctly initialized, this should not be done, so we will
set sock->ops to NULL because we will not call try_module_get().
While searching for another bug, I also noticed that sys_accept() has
a possibility of doing a module_put() when it did not do an
__module_get so I re-ordered the call to security_socket_accept().
Signed-off-by: Frank Filz <ffilzlnx@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
proto_unregister holds a lock while calling kmem_cache_destroy, which
can sleep.
Noticed by Daniele Orlandi <daniele@orlandi.com>.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
One of my x86_64 (linux 2.6.13) server log is filled with :
schedule_timeout: wrong timeout value ffffffffffffff06 from ffffffff802e63ca
schedule_timeout: wrong timeout value ffffffffffffff06 from ffffffff802e63ca
schedule_timeout: wrong timeout value ffffffffffffff06 from ffffffff802e63ca
schedule_timeout: wrong timeout value ffffffffffffff06 from ffffffff802e63ca
schedule_timeout: wrong timeout value ffffffffffffff06 from ffffffff802e63ca
This is because some application does a
struct linger li;
li.l_onoff = 1;
li.l_linger = -1;
setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, &li, sizeof(li));
And unfortunatly l_linger is defined as a 'signed int' in
include/linux/socket.h:
struct linger {
int l_onoff; /* Linger active */
int l_linger; /* How long to linger for */
};
I dont know if it's safe to change l_linger to 'unsigned int' in the
include file (It might be defined as int in ABI specs)
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The ipv4 and ipv6 protocols need to access it unconditionally.
SYSCTL=n build failure reported by Russell King.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Out of tcp_create_openreq_child, will be used in
dccp_create_openreq_child, and is a nice sock function anyway.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This paves the way to generalise the rest of the sock ID lookup
routines and saves some bytes in TCPv4 TIME_WAIT sockets on distro
kernels (where IPv6 is always built as a module):
[root@qemu ~]# grep tw_sock /proc/slabinfo
tw_sock_TCPv6 0 0 128 31 1
tw_sock_TCP 0 0 96 41 1
[root@qemu ~]#
Now if a protocol wants to use the TIME_WAIT generic infrastructure it
only has to set the sk_prot->twsk_obj_size field with the size of its
inet_timewait_sock derived sock and proto_register will create
sk_prot->twsk_slab, for now its only for INET sockets, but we can
introduce timewait_sock later if some non INET transport protocolo
wants to use this stuff.
Next changesets will take advantage of this new infrastructure to
generalise even more TCP code.
[acme@toy net-2.6.14]$ grep built-in /tmp/before.size /tmp/after.size
/tmp/before.size: 188646 11764 5068 205478 322a6 net/ipv4/built-in.o
/tmp/after.size: 188144 11764 5068 204976 320b0 net/ipv4/built-in.o
[acme@toy net-2.6.14]$
Tested with both IPv4 & IPv6 (::1 (localhost) & ::ffff:172.20.0.1
(qemu host)).
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
On Sparc, SO_DONTLINGER support resulted in sock_reset_flag being
called without lock_sock().
Signed-off-by: Kyle Moffett <mrmacman_g4@mac.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
From: Victor Fusco <victor@cetuc.puc-rio.br>
Fix the sparse warning "implicit cast to nocast type"
Signed-off-by: Victor Fusco <victor@cetuc.puc-rio.br>
Signed-off-by: Domen Puncer <domen@coderock.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Kept this first changeset minimal, without changing existing names to
ease peer review.
Basicaly tcp_openreq_alloc now receives the or_calltable, that in turn
has two new members:
->slab, that replaces tcp_openreq_cachep
->obj_size, to inform the size of the openreq descendant for
a specific protocol
The protocol specific fields in struct open_request were moved to a
class hierarchy, with the things that are common to all connection
oriented PF_INET protocols in struct inet_request_sock, the TCP ones
in tcp_request_sock, that is an inet_request_sock, that is an
open_request.
I.e. this uses the same approach used for the struct sock class
hierarchy, with sk_prot indicating if the protocol wants to use the
open_request infrastructure by filling in sk_prot->rsk_prot with an
or_calltable.
Results? Performance is improved and TCP v4 now uses only 64 bytes per
open request minisock, down from 96 without this patch :-)
Next changeset will rename some of the structs, fields and functions
mentioned above, struct or_calltable is way unclear, better name it
struct request_sock_ops, s/struct open_request/struct request_sock/g,
etc.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Ross moved. Remove the bad email address so people will find the correct
one in ./CREDITS.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <juhl-lkml@dif.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This causes sk->sk_prot to change, which makes the socket
release free the sock into the wrong SLAB cache. Fix this
by introducing sk_prot_creator so that we always remember
where the sock came from.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
I have recompiled Linux kernel 2.6.11.5 documentation for me and our
university students again. The documentation could be extended for more
sources which are equipped by structured comments for recent 2.6 kernels. I
have tried to proceed with that task. I have done that more times from 2.6.0
time and it gets boring to do same changes again and again. Linux kernel
compiles after changes for i386 and ARM targets. I have added references to
some more files into kernel-api book, I have added some section names as well.
So please, check that changes do not break something and that categories are
not too much skewed.
I have changed kernel-doc to accept "fastcall" and "asmlinkage" words reserved
by kernel convention. Most of the other changes are modifications in the
comments to make kernel-doc happy, accept some parameters description and do
not bail out on errors. Changed <pid> to @pid in the description, moved some
#ifdef before comments to correct function to comments bindings, etc.
You can see result of the modified documentation build at
http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~pisa/linux/lkdb-2.6.11.tar.gz
Some more sources are ready to be included into kernel-doc generated
documentation. Sources has been added into kernel-api for now. Some more
section names added and probably some more chaos introduced as result of quick
cleanup work.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Pisa <pisa@cmp.felk.cvut.cz>
Signed-off-by: Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
A lot of places in there are including major.h for no reason whatsoever.
Removed. And yes, it still builds.
The history of that stuff is often amusing. E.g. for net/core/sock.c
the story looks so, as far as I've been able to reconstruct it: we used
to need major.h in net/socket.c circa 1.1.early. In 1.1.13 that need
had disappeared, along with register_chrdev(SOCKET_MAJOR, "socket",
&net_fops) in sock_init(). Include had not. When 1.2 -> 1.3 reorg of
net/* had moved a lot of stuff from net/socket.c to net/core/sock.c,
this crap had followed...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This fixes the warning reported by Marcel Holtmann (Thanks!).
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@conectiva.com.br>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Peter P Waskiewicz Jr