Trying to read data from the Pegasus Technologies NoteTaker (0e20:0101)
[1] with the Windows App (EasyNote) works natively but fails when
Windows is running under KVM (and the USB device handed to KVM).
The reason is a USB control message
usb 4-2.2: control urb: bRequestType=22 bRequest=09 wValue=0200 wIndex=0001 wLength=0008
This goes to endpoint address 0x01 (wIndex); however, endpoint address
0x01 does not exist. There is an endpoint 0x81 though (same number,
but other direction); the app may have meant that endpoint instead.
The kernel thus rejects the IO and thus we see the failure.
Apparently, Linux is more strict here than Windows ... we can't change
the Win app easily, so that's a problem.
It seems that the Win app/driver is buggy here and the driver does not
behave fully according to the USB HID class spec that it claims to
belong to. The device seems to happily deal with that though (and
seems to not really care about this value much).
So the question is whether the Linux kernel should filter here.
Rejecting has the risk that somewhat non-compliant userspace apps/
drivers (most likely in a virtual machine) are prevented from working.
Not rejecting has the risk of confusing an overly sensitive device with
such a transfer. Given the fact that Windows does not filter it makes
this risk rather small though.
The patch makes the kernel more tolerant: If the endpoint address in
wIndex does not exist, but an endpoint with toggled direction bit does,
it will let the transfer through. (It does NOT change the message.)
With attached patch, the app in Windows in KVM works.
usb 4-2.2: check_ctrlrecip: process 13073 (qemu-kvm) requesting ep 01 but needs 81
I suspect this will mostly affect apps in virtual environments; as on
Linux the apps would have been adapted to the stricter handling of the
kernel. I have done that for mine[2].
[1] http://www.pegatech.com/
[2] https://sourceforge.net/projects/notetakerpen/
Signed-off-by: Kurt Garloff <kurt@garloff.de>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Urb fields are stored in struct usbdevfs_ctrltransfer in CPU byteorder
and not in little endian, so there is no need to be converted.
This bug was reported by sparse.
Signed-off-by: Xenia Ragiadakou <burzalodowa@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
For certain (HP) printers the printer device_id does not only contain a
static part identifying the printer, but it also contains a dynamic part
giving printer status, ink level, etc.
To get to this info various userspace utilities need to be able to make a
printer class 'get_device_id' request without first claiming the interface
(as that is in use for the actual printer driver).
Since the printer class 'get_device_id' request does not change interface
settings in anyway, allowing this without claiming the interface should not
cause any issues.
CC: Sanjay Kumar <sanjay.kumar14@hp.com>
CC: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Increase the current arbitrary limit for isocronous packet size to a
value large enough to account for USB 3.0 super bandwidth streams,
bMaxBurst (0~15 allowed, 1~16 packets)
bmAttributes (bit 1:0, mult 0~2, 1~3 packets)
so the size max for one USB 3 isocronous transfer is
1024 byte * 16 * 3 = 49152 byte
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Federico Manzan <f.manzan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This patch fixes error: 'do not use assignment in if condition'
in USB/devio.c.
Signed-off-by: Tülin İzer <tulinizer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This patch fixes error 'Macros with complex values should be enclosed in
parenthesis' in USB/devio.c
Signed-off-by: Tülin İzer <tulinizer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
When usbfs receives a ctrl-request from userspace it calls check_ctrlrecip,
which for a request with USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT tries to map this to an interface
to see if this interface is claimed, except for ctrl-requests with a type of
USB_TYPE_VENDOR.
When trying to use this device: http://www.akaipro.com/eiepro
redirected to a Windows vm running on qemu on top of Linux.
The windows driver makes a ctrl-req with USB_TYPE_CLASS and
USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT with index 0, and the mapping of the endpoint (0) to
the interface fails since ep 0 is the ctrl endpoint and thus never is
part of an interface.
This patch fixes this ctrl-req failing by skipping the checkintf call for
USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT ctrl-reqs on the ctrl endpoint.
Reported-by: Dave Stikkolorum <d.r.stikkolorum@hhs.nl>
Tested-by: Dave Stikkolorum <d.r.stikkolorum@hhs.nl>
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Pull vfs pile (part one) from Al Viro:
"Assorted stuff - cleaning namei.c up a bit, fixing ->d_name/->d_parent
locking violations, etc.
The most visible changes here are death of FS_REVAL_DOT (replaced with
"has ->d_weak_revalidate()") and a new helper getting from struct file
to inode. Some bits of preparation to xattr method interface changes.
Misc patches by various people sent this cycle *and* ocfs2 fixes from
several cycles ago that should've been upstream right then.
PS: the next vfs pile will be xattr stuff."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (46 commits)
saner proc_get_inode() calling conventions
proc: avoid extra pde_put() in proc_fill_super()
fs: change return values from -EACCES to -EPERM
fs/exec.c: make bprm_mm_init() static
ocfs2/dlm: use GFP_ATOMIC inside a spin_lock
ocfs2: fix possible use-after-free with AIO
ocfs2: Fix oops in ocfs2_fast_symlink_readpage() code path
get_empty_filp()/alloc_file() leave both ->f_pos and ->f_version zero
target: writev() on single-element vector is pointless
export kernel_write(), convert open-coded instances
fs: encode_fh: return FILEID_INVALID if invalid fid_type
kill f_vfsmnt
vfs: kill FS_REVAL_DOT by adding a d_weak_revalidate dentry op
nfsd: handle vfs_getattr errors in acl protocol
switch vfs_getattr() to struct path
default SET_PERSONALITY() in linux/elf.h
ceph: prepopulate inodes only when request is aborted
d_hash_and_lookup(): export, switch open-coded instances
9p: switch v9fs_set_create_acl() to inode+fid, do it before d_instantiate()
9p: split dropping the acls from v9fs_set_create_acl()
...
for NUL terminated string, better notice '\0' in the end.
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The handling of large output bulk transfers is broken; the same user
page is read over and over again. Fixed with this patch.
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Stuge <peter@stuge.se>
Acked-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Henrik Rydberg <rydberg@euromail.se>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Apps which deal with devices which also have a kernel driver, need to do
the following:
1) Check which driver is attached, so as to not detach the wrong driver
(ie detaching usbfs while another instance of the app is using the device)
2) Detach the kernel driver
3) Claim the interface
Where moving from one step to the next for both 1-2 and 2-3 consists of
a (small) race window. So currently such apps are racy and people just live
with it.
This patch adds a new ioctl which makes it possible for apps to do this
in a race free manner. For flexibility apps can choose to:
1) Specify the driver to disconnect
2) Specify to disconnect any driver except for the one named by the app
3) Disconnect any driver
Note that if there is no driver attached, the ioctl will just act like the
regular claim-interface ioctl, this is by design, as returning an error for
this condition would open a new bag of race-conditions.
Changes in v2:
-Fix indentation of if blocks where the condition spans multiple lines
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
When using urb->transfer_buffer we need to allocate physical contiguous buffers
for the entire transfer, which is pretty much guaranteed to fail with large
transfers.
Currently userspace works around this by breaking large transfers into multiple
urbs. For large bulk transfers this leads to all kind of complications.
This patch makes it possible for userspace to reliable submit large bulk
transfers to scatter-gather capable host controllers in one go, by using a
scatterlist to break the transfer up in managable chunks.
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There are a few (new) usbdevfs capabilities which an application cannot
discover in any other way then checking the kernel version. There are 3
problems with this:
1) It is just not very pretty.
2) Given the tendency of enterprise distros to backport stuff it is not
reliable.
3) As discussed in length on the mailinglist, USBDEVFS_URB_BULK_CONTINUATION
does not work as it should when combined with USBDEVFS_URB_SHORT_NOT_OK
(which is its intended use) on devices attached to an XHCI controller.
So the availability of these features can be host controller dependent,
making depending on them based on the kernel version not a good idea.
This patch besides adding the new ioctl also adds flags for the following
existing capabilities:
USBDEVFS_CAP_ZERO_PACKET, available since 2.6.31
USBDEVFS_CAP_BULK_CONTINUATION, available since 2.6.32, except for XHCI
USBDEVFS_CAP_NO_PACKET_SIZE_LIM, available since 3.3
Note that this patch only does not advertise the USBDEVFS_URB_BULK_CONTINUATION
cap for XHCI controllers, bulk transfers with this flag set will still be
accepted when submitted to XHCI controllers.
Returning -EINVAL for them would break existing apps, and in most cases the
troublesome scenario wrt USBDEVFS_URB_SHORT_NOT_OK urbs on XHCI controllers
will never get hit, so this would break working use cases.
The disadvantage of not returning -EINVAL is that cases were it is causing
real trouble may go undetected / the cause of the trouble may be unclear,
but this is the best we can do.
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
iso data buffers may have holes in them if some packets were short, so for
iso urbs we should always copy the entire buffer, just like the regular
processcompl does.
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There exist races in devio.c, below is one case,
and there are similar races in destroy_async()
and proc_unlinkurb(). Remove these races.
cancel_bulk_urbs() async_completed()
------------------- -----------------------
spin_unlock(&ps->lock);
list_move_tail(&as->asynclist,
&ps->async_completed);
wake_up(&ps->wait);
Lead to free_async() be triggered,
then urb and 'as' will be freed.
usb_unlink_urb(as->urb);
===> refer to the freed 'as'
Signed-off-by: Huajun Li <huajun.li.lee@gmail.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Oncaphillis <oncaphillis@snafu.de>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This option has been deprecated for many years now, and no userspace
tools use it anymore, so it should be safe to finally remove it.
Reported-by: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This option has been deprecated for many years now, and no userspace
tools use it anymore, so it should be safe to finally remove it.
Reported-by: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
module_param(bool) used to counter-intuitively take an int. In
fddd5201 (mid-2009) we allowed bool or int/unsigned int using a messy
trick.
It's time to remove the int/unsigned int option. For this version
it'll simply give a warning, but it'll break next kernel version.
Acked-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
The 16-MB global limit on memory used by usbfs isn't suitable for all
people. It's a reasonable default, but there are applications
(especially for SuperSpeed devices) that need a lot more.
This patch (as1498) creates a writable module parameter for usbcore to
control the global limit. The default is still 16 MB, but users can
change it at runtime, even after usbcore has been loaded. As a
special case, setting the value to 0 is treated the same as the hard
limit of 2047 MB.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
For a long time people have complained about the limitations imposed
by usbfs. URBs coming from userspace are not allowed to have transfer
buffers larger than a more-or-less arbitrary maximum.
While it is generally a good idea to avoid large transfer buffers
(because the data has to be bounced to/from a contiguous kernel-space
buffer), it's not the kernel's job to enforce such limits. Programs
should be allowed to submit URBs as large as they like; if there isn't
sufficient contiguous memory available then the submission will fail
with a simple ENOMEM error.
On the other hand, we would like to prevent programs from submitting a
lot of small URBs and using up all the DMA-able kernel memory. To
that end, this patch (as1497) replaces the old limits on individual
transfer buffers with a single global limit on the total amount of
memory in use by usbfs. The global limit is set to 16 MB as a nice
compromise value: not too big, but large enough to hold about 300 ms
of data for high-speed transfers.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1496) unifies the error-return pathways of several
functions in the usbfs driver. This is not a very important change by
itself; it merely prepares the way for the next patch in this series.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Add to the dev_state and alloc_async structures the user namespace
corresponding to the uid and euid. Pass these to kill_pid_info_as_uid(),
which can then implement a proper, user-namespace-aware uid check.
Changelog:
Sep 20: Per Oleg's suggestion: Instead of caching and passing user namespace,
uid, and euid each separately, pass a struct cred.
Sep 26: Address Alan Stern's comments: don't define a struct cred at
usbdev_open(), and take and put a cred at async_completed() to
ensure it lasts for the duration of kill_pid_info_as_cred().
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
In the usb printer class specific request get_device_id the value of
wIndex is (interface << 8 | altsetting) instead of just interface.
This enables the detection of some printers with libusb.
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Matthias Dellweg <2500@gmx.de>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Alan Stern points out that after spin_unlock(&ps->lock) there is no
guarantee that ps->pid won't be freed. Since kill_pid_info_as_uid() is
called after the spin_unlock(), the pid passed to it must be pinned.
Reported-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
When `echo Y > /sys/module/usbcore/parameters/usbfs_snoop` and
usb_control_msg() returns error, a lot of kernel memory is dumped to dmesg
until unhandled kernel paging request occurs.
Signed-off-by: Michal Sojka <sojkam1@fel.cvut.cz>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The big kernel lock has been removed from all these files at some point,
leaving only the #include.
Remove this too as a cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Structure usbdevfs_connectinfo is copied to userland with padding byted
after "slow" field uninitialized. It leads to leaking of contents of
kernel stack memory.
Signed-off-by: Vasiliy Kulikov <segooon@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
And audit all the users. None needed the BKL. That was easy
because there was only very few around.
Tested with allmodconfig build on x86-64
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
From: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
The usbcore headers: hcd.h and hub.h are shared between usbcore,
HCDs and a couple of other drivers (e.g. USBIP modules).
So, it makes sense to move them into a more public location and
to cleanup dependency of those modules on kernel internal headers.
This patch moves hcd.h from drivers/usb/core into include/linux/usb/
Signed-of-by: Eric Lescouet <eric@lescouet.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1352) fixes a bug in the way isochronous input data is
returned to userspace for usbfs transfers. The entire buffer must be
copied, not just the first actual_length bytes, because the individual
packets will be discontiguous if any of them are short.
Reported-by: Markus Rechberger <mrechberger@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
CC: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Uses the new snoop function from commit 4c6e8971cb,
but includes the buffer data where appropriate, as before.
Signed-off-by: Chris Frey <cdfrey@foursquare.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Total removal from the ioctl code path except for the outcall
to external modules. Locking is ensured by the normal locks
of usbfs.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This pushes BKL down in ioctl handling and drops it
for some important ioctls
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Replace it by
mutex_lock(&file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
following the example of the generic method
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Locking had long been changed making BKL redundant.
Simply remove it.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1323) changes the locking requirements for
usb_autosuspend_device(), usb_autoresume_device(), and
usb_try_autosuspend_device(). This isn't a very important change;
mainly it's meant to make the locking more uniform.
The most tricky part of the patch involves changes to usbdev_open().
To avoid an ABBA locking problem, it was necessary to reduce the
region protected by usbfs_mutex. Since that mutex now protects only
against simultaneous open and remove, this posed no difficulty -- its
scope was larger than necessary.
And it turns out that usbfs_mutex is no longer needed in
usbdev_release() at all. The list of usbfs "ps" structures is now
protected by the device lock instead of by usbfs_mutex.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1316) adds some error checking to usb_submit_urb().
It's conditional on CONFIG_USB_DEBUG, so it won't affect normal users.
The new check makes sure that the actual type of the endpoint
described by urb->pipe agrees with the type encoded in the pipe value.
The USB error code documentation is updated to include the code
returned by the new check, and the usbfs SUBMITURB handler is updated
to use the correct pipe type when legacy user code tries to submit a
bulk transfer to an interrupt endpoint.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
I notice that the processcompl_compat() function seems to be leaking the
'struct async *as' in the error paths.
I think that the calling convention is fundamentally buggered. The
caller is the one that did the "reap_as()" to get the as thing, the
caller should be the one to free it too.
Freeing it in the caller also means that it very clearly always gets
freed, and avoids the need for any "free in the error case too".
From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Marcus Meissner <meissner@suse.de>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
We need to only copy the data received by the device to userspace, not
the whole kernel buffer, which can contain "stale" data.
Thanks to Marcus Meissner for pointing this out and testing the fix.
Reported-by: Marcus Meissner <meissner@suse.de>
Tested-by: Marcus Meissner <meissner@suse.de>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Half the compat_ioctl handling is in devio.c, the other
half is in fs/compat_ioctl.c. This moves everything into
one place for consistency.
As a positive side-effect, push down the BKL into the
ioctl methods.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Cc: Alon Bar-Lev <alon.barlev@gmail.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
Cc: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
This patch (as1283) adds a new flag, USBDEVFS_URB_BULK_CONTINUATION,
to usbfs. It is intended for userspace libraries such as libusb and
openusb. When they have to break up a single usbfs bulk transfer into
multiple URBs, they will set the flag on all but the first URB of the
series.
If an error other than an unlink occurs, the kernel will automatically
cancel all the following URBs for the same endpoint and refuse to
accept new submissions, until an URB is encountered that is not marked
as a BULK_CONTINUATION. Such an URB would indicate the start of a new
transfer or the presence of an older library, so the kernel returns to
normal operation.
This enables libraries to delimit bulk transfers correctly, even in
the presence of early termination as indicated by short packets.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The current limit only allows isochronous transfers up to 32kbyte/urb,
updating this to 192 kbyte/urb improves the reliability of the
transfer. USB 2.0 transfer is possible with 32kbyte but increases the
chance of corrupted/incomplete data when the system is performing some
other tasks in the background.
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-usb/msg19955.html
Signed-off-by: Markus Rechberger <mrechberger@gmail.com>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Rahul Bedarkar