Re-posting a patch originally posted by Oskar Liljeblad after
rebasing on 3.2.
Modify cifs to assume that the supplied password is encoded according
to iocharset. Before this patch passwords would be treated as
raw 8-bit data, which made authentication with Unicode passwords impossible
(at least passwords with characters > 0xFF).
The previous code would as a side effect accept passwords encoded with
ISO 8859-1, since Unicode < 0x100 basically is ISO 8859-1. Software which
relies on that will no longer support password chars > 0x7F unless it also
uses iocharset=iso8859-1. (mount.cifs does not care about the encoding so
it will work as expected.)
Signed-off-by: Oskar Liljeblad <oskar@osk.mine.nu>
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Tested-by: A <nimbus1_03087@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
that reduces a traffic and increases a performance.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
to handle all lock requests on the client in an exclusive oplock case.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
...which will allow cifs to do an asynchronous read call to the server.
The caller will allocate and set up cifs_readdata for each READ_AND_X
call that should be issued on the wire. The pages passed in are added
to the pagecache, but not placed on the LRU list yet (as we need the
page->lru to keep the pages on the list in the readdata).
When cifsd identifies the mid, it will see that there is a special
receive handler for the call, and use that to receive the rest of the
frame. cifs_readv_receive will then marshal up a kvec array with
kmapped pages from the pagecache, which eliminates one copy of the
data. Once the data is received, the pages are added to the LRU list,
set uptodate, and unlocked.
Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
In order to handle larger SMBs for readpages and other calls, we want
to be able to read into a preallocated set of buffers. Rather than
changing all of the existing code to preallocate buffers however, we
instead add a receive callback function to the MID.
cifsd will call this function once the mid_q_entry has been identified
in order to receive the rest of the SMB. If the mid can't be identified
or the receive pointer is unset, then the standard 3rd phase receive
function will be called.
Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Now build security descriptor to change either owner or group at the
server. Initially security descriptor was built to change only
(D)ACL, that functionality has been extended.
When either an Owner or a Group of a file object at the server is changed,
rest of security descriptor remains same (DACL etc.).
To set security descriptor, it is necessary to open that file
with permission bits of either WRITE_DAC if DACL is being modified or
WRITE_OWNER (Take Ownership) if Owner or Group is being changed.
It is the server that decides whether a set security descriptor with
either owner or group change succeeds or not.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Split cifs_lock into several functions and let CIFSSMBLock get pid
as an argument.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Add mount options backupuid and backugid.
It allows an authenticated user to access files with the intent to back them
up including their ACLs, who may not have access permission but has
"Backup files and directories user right" on them (by virtue of being part
of the built-in group Backup Operators.
When mount options backupuid is specified, cifs client restricts the
use of backup intents to the user whose effective user id is specified
along with the mount option.
When mount options backupgid is specified, cifs client restricts the
use of backup intents to the users whose effective user id belongs to the
group id specified along with the mount option.
If an authenticated user is not part of the built-in group Backup Operators
at the server, access to such files is denied, even if allowed by the client.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
We have two versions of signature generating code. A vectorized and
non-vectorized version. Eliminate a large chunk of cut-and-paste
code by turning the non-vectorized version into a wrapper around the
vectorized one.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
...as that makes for a cumbersome interface. Make it take a regular
smb_vol pointer and rely on the caller to zero it out if needed.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastryyy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
a) superblock argument is unused
b) it always returns 0
Acked-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastryyy@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
To close sget() races we'll need to be able to set cifs_sb up before
we get the superblock, so we'll want to be able to do cifs_mount()
earlier. Fortunately, it's easy to do - setting ->s_maxbytes can
be done in cifs_read_super(), ditto for ->s_time_gran and as for
putting MS_POSIXACL into ->s_flags, we can mirror it in ->mnt_cifs_flags
until cifs_read_super() is called. Kill unused 'devname' argument,
while we are at it...
Acked-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastryyy@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Add rwpidforward mount option that switches on a mode when we forward
pid of a process who opened a file to any read and write operation.
This can prevent applications like WINE from failing on read or write
operation on a previously locked file region from the same netfd from
another process if we use mandatory brlock style.
It is actual for WINE because during a run of WINE program two processes
work on the same netfd - share the same file struct between several VFS
fds:
1) WINE-server does open and lock;
2) WINE-application does read and write.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Now we point superblock to a server share root and set a root dentry
appropriately. This let us share superblock between mounts like
//server/sharename/foo/bar and //server/sharename/foo further.
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
We need it to make them work with mandatory locking style because
we can fail in a situation like when kernel need to flush dirty pages
and there is a lock held by a process who opened file.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Add the ability for CIFS to do an asynchronous write. The kernel will
set the frame up as it would for a "normal" SMBWrite2 request, and use
cifs_call_async to send it. The mid callback will then be configured to
handle the result.
Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Reorganize code to get mount option at first and when get a superblock.
This lets us use shared superblock model further for equal mounts.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
The current code always ignores the max_pending limit. Have it instead
only optionally ignore the pending limit. For CIFSSMBEcho, we need to
ignore it to make sure they always can go out. For async reads, writes
and potentially other calls, we need to respect it.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
We'll need this for async writes, so convert the call to take a kvec
array. CIFSSMBEcho is changed to put a kvec on the stack and pass
in the SMB buffer using that.
Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Further consolidate the SendReceive code by moving the checks run over
the packet into a separate function that all the SendReceive variants
can call.
We can also eliminate the check for a receive_len that's too big or too
small. cifs_demultiplex_thread already checks that and disconnects the
socket if that occurs, while setting the midStatus to MALFORMED. It'll
never call this code if that's the case.
Finally do a little cleanup. Use "goto out" on errors so that the flow
of code in the normal case is more evident. Also switch the logErr
variable in map_smb_to_linux_error to a bool.
Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Move extern for cifsConvertToUCS to different header to prevent following warning:
CHECK fs/cifs/cifs_unicode.c
fs/cifs/cifs_unicode.c:267:1: warning: symbol 'cifsConvertToUCS' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Previously mount options were copied and updated in the cifs_sb_info
struct only when CONFIG_CIFS_DFS_UPCALL was enabled. Making this
information generally available allows us to remove a number of ifdefs,
extra function params, and temporary variables.
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sean Finney <seanius@seanius.net>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
This is the same patch as originally posted, just with some merge
conflicts fixed up...
Currently, the ByteCount is usually converted to host-endian on receive.
This is confusing however, as we need to keep two sets of routines for
accessing it, and keep track of when to use each routine. Munging
received packets like this also limits when the signature can be
calulated.
Simplify the code by keeping the received ByteCount in little-endian
format. This allows us to eliminate a set of routines for accessing it
and we can now drop the *_le suffixes from the accessor functions since
that's now implied.
While we're at it, switch all of the places that read the ByteCount
directly to use the get_bcc inline which should also clean up some
unaligned accesses.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Define (global) data structures to store ids, uids and gids, to which a
SID maps. There are two separate trees, one for SID/uid and another one
for SID/gid.
A new type of key, cifs_idmap_key_type, is used.
Keys are instantiated and searched using credential of the root by
overriding and restoring the credentials of the caller requesting the key.
Id mapping functions are invoked under config option of cifs acl.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Allow setting cifs_acl on the server.
Pass on to the server the ACL blob generated by an application.
cifs is just a pass-through, it does not monitor or inspect the contents
of the blob, server decides whether to enforce/apply the ACL blob composed
by an application.
If setting of ACL is succeessful, mark the inode for revalidation.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
local cifs functions (repost)
Using kernel crypto APIs for DES encryption during LM and NT hash generation
instead of local functions within cifs.
Source file smbdes.c is deleted sans four functions, one of which
uses ecb des functionality provided by kernel crypto APIs.
Remove function SMBOWFencrypt.
Add return codes to various functions such as calc_lanman_hash,
SMBencrypt, and SMBNTencrypt. Includes fix noticed by Dan Carpenter.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
CC: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Recent Windows versions now create symlinks more frequently
and they do use this "reparse point" symlink mechanism. We can of course
do symlinks nicely to Samba and other servers which support the
CIFS Unix Extensions and we can also do SFU symlinks and "client only"
"MF" symlinks optionally, but for recent Windows we currently can not
handle the common "reparse point" symlinks fully, removing the caller
for this. We will need to extend and reenable this "reparse point" worker
code in cifs and fix cifs_symlink to call this. In the interim this code
has been moved to its own config option so it is not compiled in by default
until cifs_symlink fixed up (and tested) to use this.
CC: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
The CIFSSMBNotify worker is unused, pending changes to allow it to be called
via inotify, so move it into its own experimental config option so it does
not get built in, until the necessary VFS support is fixed. It used to
be used in dnotify, but according to Jeff, inotify needs minor changes
before we can reenable this.
CC: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Replaced md4 hashing function local to cifs module with kernel crypto APIs.
As a result, md4 hashing function and its supporting functions in
file md4.c are not needed anymore.
Cleaned up function declarations, removed forward function declarations,
and removed a header file that is being deleted from being included.
Verified that sec=ntlm/i, sec=ntlmv2/i, and sec=ntlmssp/i work correctly.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
If we don't have Exclusive oplock we write a data to the server.
Also set invalidate_mapping flag on the inode if we wrote something
to the server. Add cifs_iovec_write to let the client write iovec
buffers through CIFSSMBWrite2.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastryyy@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Add a function that will send a request, and set up the mid for an
async reply.
Reviewed-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
When we get oplock break notification we should set the appropriate
value of OplockLevel field in oplock break acknowledge according to
the oplock level held by the client in this time. As we only can have
level II oplock or no oplock in the case of oplock break, we should be
aware only about clientCanCacheRead field in cifsInodeInfo structure.
Also fix bug connected with wrong interpretation of OplockLevel field
during oplock break notification processing.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastryyy@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
It's possible that cifs_mount will call cifs_build_path_to_root on a
newly instantiated cifs_sb. In that case, it's likely that the
master_tlink pointer has not yet been instantiated.
Fix this by having cifs_build_path_to_root take a cifsTconInfo pointer
as well, and have the caller pass that in.
Reported-and-Tested-by: Robbert Kouprie <robbert@exx.nl>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Some of the code under CONFIG_CIFS_ACL is dependent upon code under
CONFIG_CIFS_EXPERIMENTAL, but the Kconfig options don't reflect that
dependency. Move more of the ACL code out from under
CONFIG_CIFS_EXPERIMENTAL and under CONFIG_CIFS_ACL.
Also move find_readable_file out from other any sort of Kconfig
option and make it a function normally compiled in.
Reported-and-Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Add extended attribute name system.cifs_acl
Get/generate cifs/ntfs acl blob and hand over to the invoker however
it wants to parse/process it under experimental configurable option CIFS_ACL.
Do not get CIFS/NTFS ACL for xattr for attribute system.posix_acl_access
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Change the name of function mode_to_acl to mode_to_cifs_acl.
Handle return code in functions mode_to_cifs_acl and
cifs_acl_to_fattr.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Modify get/set_cifs_acl* calls to reutrn error code and percolate the
error code up to the caller.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
All the callers already have a pointer to struct cifsInodeInfo. Use it.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastryyy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Simplify many places when we need to set oplock level on an inode.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastryyy@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Use kernel crypto sync hash apis insetead of cifs crypto functions.
The calls typically corrospond one to one except that insead of
key init, setkey is used.
Use crypto apis to generate smb signagtures also.
Use hmac-md5 to genereate ntlmv2 hash, ntlmv2 response, and HMAC (CR1 of
ntlmv2 auth blob.
User crypto apis to genereate signature and to verify signature.
md5 hash is used to calculate signature.
Use secondary key to calculate signature in case of ntlmssp.
For ntlmv2 within ntlmssp, during signature calculation, only 16 bytes key
(a nonce) stored within session key is used. during smb signature calculation.
For ntlm and ntlmv2 without extended security, 16 bytes key
as well as entire response (24 bytes in case of ntlm and variable length
in case of ntlmv2) is used for smb signature calculation.
For kerberos, there is no distinction between key and response.
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Mark dependency on crypto modules in Kconfig.
Defining per structures sdesc and cifs_secmech which are used to store
crypto hash functions and contexts. They are stored per smb connection
and used for all auth mechs to genereate hash values and signatures.
Allocate crypto hashing functions, security descriptiors, and respective
contexts when a smb/tcp connection is established.
Release them when a tcp/smb connection is taken down.
md5 and hmac-md5 are two crypto hashing functions that are used
throught the life of an smb/tcp connection by various functions that
calcualte signagure and ntlmv2 hash, HMAC etc.
structure ntlmssp_auth is defined as per smb connection.
ntlmssp_auth holds ciphertext which is genereated by rc4/arc4 encryption of
secondary key, a nonce using ntlmv2 session key and sent in the session key
field of the type 3 message sent by the client during ntlmssp
negotiation/exchange
A key is exchanged with the server if client indicates so in flags in
type 1 messsage and server agrees in flag in type 2 message of ntlmssp
negotiation. If both client and agree, a key sent by client in
type 3 message of ntlmssp negotiation in the session key field.
The key is a ciphertext generated off of secondary key, a nonce, using
ntlmv2 hash via rc4/arc4.
Signing works for ntlmssp in this patch. The sequence number within
the server structure needs to be zero until session is established
i.e. till type 3 packet of ntlmssp exchange of a to be very first
smb session on that smb connection is sent.
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Start calculating auth response within a session. Move/Add pertinet
data structures like session key, server challenge and ntlmv2_hash in
a session structure. We should do the calculations within a session
before copying session key and response over to server data
structures because a session setup can fail.
Only after a very first smb session succeeds, it copy/make its
session key, session key of smb connection. This key stays with
the smb connection throughout its life.
sequence_number within server is set to 0x2.
The authentication Message Authentication Key (mak) which consists
of session key followed by client response within structure session_key
is now dynamic. Every authentication type allocates the key + response
sized memory within its session structure and later either assigns or
frees it once the client response is sent and if session's session key
becomes connetion's session key.
ntlm/ntlmi authentication functions are rearranged. A function
named setup_ntlm_resp(), similar to setup_ntlmv2_resp(), replaces
function cifs_calculate_session_key().
size of CIFS_SESS_KEY_SIZE is changed to 16, to reflect the byte size
of the key it holds.
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
It already takes a file pointer. The inode associated with that had damn
well better be the same one we're passing in anyway. Thus, there's no
need for a separate argument here.
Also, get rid of the bogus check for a null pCifsInode pointer. The
CIFS_I macro uses container_of(), and that will virtually never return a
NULL pointer anyway.
Finally, move the setting of the canCache* flags outside of the lock.
Other places in the code don't hold that lock when setting it, so I
assume it's not really needed here either.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Eliminate the poor, misunderstood "oflags" option from cifs_new_fileinfo.
The callers mostly pass in the filp->f_flags here.
That's not correct however since we're checking that value for
the presence of FMODE_READ. Luckily that only affects how the f_list is
ordered. What it really wants here is the file->f_mode. Just use that
field from the filp to determine it.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
The way flags are passed and converted for cifs_posix_open is rather
non-sensical. Some callers call cifs_posix_convert_flags on the flags
before they pass them to cifs_posix_open, whereas some don't. Two flag
conversion steps is just confusing though.
Change the function instead to clearly expect input in f_flags format,
and fix the callers to pass that in. Then, have cifs_posix_open call
cifs_convert_posix_flags to do the conversion. Move cifs_posix_open to
file.c as well so we can keep cifs_convert_posix_flags as a static
function.
Fix it also to not ignore O_CREAT, O_EXCL and O_TRUNC, and instead have
cifs_reopen_file mask those bits off before calling cifs_posix_open.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Filesystems aren't really supposed to do anything with a vfsmount. It's
considered a layering violation since vfsmounts are entirely managed at
the VFS layer.
CIFS currently keeps an active reference to a vfsmount in order to
prevent the superblock vanishing before an oplock break has completed.
What we really want to do instead is to keep sb->s_active high until the
oplock break has completed. This patch borrows the scheme that NFS uses
for handling sillyrenames.
An atomic_t is added to the cifs_sb_info. When it transitions from 0 to
1, an extra reference to the superblock is taken (by bumping the
s_active value). When it transitions from 1 to 0, that reference is
dropped and a the superblock teardown may proceed if there are no more
references to it.
Also, the vfsmount pointer is removed from cifsFileInfo and from
cifs_new_fileinfo, and some bogus forward declarations are removed from
cifsfs.h.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Shirish Pargaonkar