The usb_free_urb comment says that the transfer buffer will not be
freed, but this is not the case when URB_FREE_BUFFER is set.
Signed-off-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
Acked-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1155) fixes a bug in usbcore. When interfaces are
deleted, either because the device was disconnected or because of a
configuration change, the extra attribute files and child endpoint
devices may get left behind. This is because the core removes them
before calling device_del(). But during device_del(), after the
driver is unbound the core will reinstall altsetting 0 and recreate
those extra attributes and children.
The patch prevents this by adding a flag to record when the interface
is in the midst of being unregistered. When the flag is set, the
attribute files and child devices will not be created.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.27, 2.6.26, 2.6.25]
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1153) fixes a potential problem in hub initialization.
Starting in 2.6.28, initialization was split into several tasks to
help speed up booting. This opens the possibility that the hub may be
autosuspended before all the initialization tasks can complete.
Normally that wouldn't matter, but with incomplete initialization
there is a risk that the hub would never autoresume -- especially if
devices were plugged into the hub beforehand. The solution is a
simple one-line change to suppress autosuspend until the
initialization is finished.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1151) protects usbcore against drivers that try to
unlink an URB after the URB's device or bus have been removed. The
core does not currently check for this, and certain drivers can cause
a crash if they are running while an HCD is unloaded.
Certainly it would be best to fix the guilty drivers. But a little
defensive programming doesn't hurt, especially since it appears that
quite a few drivers need to be fixed.
The patch prevents the problem by grabbing a reference to the device
while an unlink is in progress and using a new spinlock to synchronize
unlinks with device removal. (There's no need to acquire a reference
to the bus as well, since the device structure itself keeps a
reference to the bus.) In addition, the kerneldoc is updated to
indicate that URBs should not be unlinked after the disconnect method
returns.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1152) may help prevent some problems associated with the
new policy of unbinding drivers that don't support suspend/resume or
pre_reset/post_reset. If for any reason the resume or reset fails, and
the device is logically disconnected, there's no point in trying to
rebind the driver. So the patch checks for success before carrying
out the unbind/rebind.
There was a report from one user that this fixed a problem he was
experiencing, but the details never became fully clear. In any case,
adding these tests can't hurt.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove err() and
use the system-wide standard of dev_err() wherever possible. In the
few places that will not work out, use a basic printk().
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove warn() and
use the system-wide standard of dev_warn() wherever possible. In the
few places that will not work out, use a basic printk().
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch adds initial_descriptor_timeout module parameter for usbcore.ko
to allow modify initial 64-byte USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR timeout for
non-standard devices.
For example, the SATA8000 device from DATAST0R Technology Corp
requires about 10 seconds to send reply (probably it waits until
inserted disk is ready for operation).
Also, this patch adds missing usbcore parameters to
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt.
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Create a new sysfs file per interface named supports_autosuspend. This
file returns true if an interface driver's .supports_autosuspend flag is
set. It also returns true if the interface is unclaimed (since the USB
core will autosuspend a device if an interface is not claimed).
This new sysfs file will be useful for user space scripts to test whether
a USB device correctly auto-suspends.
Signed-off-by: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1148) adds a new "snoop" message to usbfs when a device
file is opened, identifying the process responsible. This comes in
extremely handy when trying to determine which program is doing some
unwanted USB access.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1139) adds a warning to the system log whenever ehci-hcd
is loaded after ohci-hcd or uhci-hcd. Nowadays most distributions are
pretty good about not doing this; maybe the warning will help convince
anyone still doing it wrong.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.27]
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This extends the anchor API as btusb needs for autosuspend.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1137) changes the hub_activate() routine, replacing the
power-power-up and debounce delays with delayed_work calls. The idea
is that on systems where the USB stack is compiled into the kernel
rather than built as modules, these delays will no longer block the
boot thread. At least 100 ms is saved for each root hub, which can
add up to a significant savings in total boot time.
Arjan van de Ven was very pleased to see that this shaved 700 ms off
his computer's boot time. Since his total boot time is on the order
of two seconds, the improvement is considerable.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Reset upon resumption will wipe the input buffer and is therefore
a reason to not suspend if remote wakeup is requested because
the driver needs that data.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
this extends the poisoning concept to anchors. This way poisoning
will work with fire and forget drivers.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
looking at usb_kill_urb() it seems to me that it is unnecessarily lenient.
In the use case of disconnect() you never want to use the URB again
(for the same device) But leaving urb->reject elevated will make it easier
to avoid races between read/write and disconnect.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is a much better version of a previous patch to make the parser
tables constant. Rather than changing the typedef, we put the "const" in
all the various places where its required, allowing the __initconst
exception for nfsroot which was the cause of the previous trouble.
This was posted for review some time ago and I believe its been in -mm
since then.
Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <aviro@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch (as1135) essentially reverts the major parts of two earlier
patches to usbcore, because they ended up causing a regression.
Trying to recover from transient communication errors can lead to
other problems, because operations that failed during the error period
are not always retried. The simplest example is the initial
Set-Config request sent after device enumeration; if it gets lost then
it will not be retried and the device will remain unconfigured.
This patch restores the old behavior in which any port disconnect or
port disable causes the entire device structure to be removed, fixing a
reported regression.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Frans Pop <elendil@planet.nl>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Commit de85422b94, 'USB: fix interrupt
disabling for HCDs with shared interrupt handlers' changed usb_add_hcd()
to strip IRQF_DISABLED from irqflags prior to calling request_irq()
with the justification that such a removal was necessary for shared
interrupts to work properly. Unfortunately, the change in that commit
unconditionally removes the IRQF_DISABLED flag, causing problems on
platforms that don't use a shared interrupt but require IRQF_DISABLED.
This change adds a check for IRQF_SHARED prior to removing the
IRQF_DISABLED flag.
Fixes the PS3 system startup hang reported with recent Fedora and
OpenSUSE kernels.
Note that this problem is hidden when CONFIG_LOCKDEP=y (ps3_defconfig),
as local_irq_enable_in_hardirq() is defined as a null statement for
that config.
CC: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Stefan Becker <Stefan.Becker@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1069c) changes the way OHCI root-hub status-change
interrupts are enabled. Currently a special HCD method,
hub_irq_enable(), is called when the hub driver is finished using a
root hub. This approach turns out to be subject to races, resulting
in unnecessary polling.
The patch does away with the method entirely. Instead, the driver
automatically enables the RHSC interrupt when no more status changes
are present. This scheme is safe with controllers using
level-triggered semantics for their interrupt flags.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1130) fixes an incompatibility between the new PM
infrastructure and USB power management. We are not allowed to call
drivers' probe routines during a system sleep transition between the
"prepare" and "complete" callbacks, but that's exactly what we do when
a driver doesn't have full suspend/resume support. Such drivers are
unbound during the "suspend" call and reprobed during the "resume" call.
The patch causes the reprobe step to be skipped if the "complete"
callback hasn't been issued yet, i.e., if the interface's
dev.power.status field is not equal to DPM_ON. Thus during the
"resume" callback nothing bad will happen, and during the final
"complete" callback the reprobing will occur as desired.
This fixes the problem reported in Bugzilla #11263.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1129) adds support for the new PM callbacks to usbcore.
The new callbacks merely invoke the same old USB power management
routines as the old ones did.
A minor improvement is that the callbacks are present only in the
"USB-device" device_type structure, rather than in the bus_type
structure. This way they will be invoked only for USB devices, not
for USB interfaces. The core USB PM routines automatically handle
suspending and resuming interfaces along with their devices.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1128) fixes one of the problems related to the new PM
infrastructure. We are not allowed to register new child devices
during the middle of a system sleep transition, but unbinding a USB
driver causes the core to automatically install altsetting 0 and
thereby create new endpoint pseudo-devices.
The patch fixes this problem (and the related problem that installing
altsetting 0 will fail if the device is suspended) by deferring the
Set-Interface call until some later time when it is legal and can
succeed. Possible later times are: when a new driver is being probed
for the interface, and when the interface is being resumed.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1127) makes a minor change to the prototypes of the
usb_suspend_interface() and usb_resume_interface() routines. Now the
usb_device structure is passed as an argument, instead of being
computed on-the-fly from the usb_interface argument.
It makes the code look simpler, even if it really isn't much different
from before.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Irqs must not accidentally be reenabled.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Acked-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1123b) fixes a compiler warning: do_unbind_rebind() is
defined but not used if CONFIG_PM=n.
Problem originally found and initial patch submitted by Alexander
Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1122) fixes a bug: When an interface is unregistered,
its children (sysfs files and endpoint devices) are unregistered after
it instead of before.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
usb/core/driver: fix warning:
drivers/usb/core/driver.c:834: warning: 'do_unbind_rebind' defined but not used
Signed-off-by: Alexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Okay, I found the cause of the hang. It is a simple bug in the USB
scatter-gather library, caused by changes added in response to the S-G
chaining modification.
This patch (as1125) fixes a bug in the USB scatter-gather library.
Early exit from the S-G initialization loop does not reset the count of
outstanding URBs.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Matthew Dharm <mdharm-usb@one-eyed-alien.net>
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Cc: Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
device_create() is race-prone, so use the race-free
device_create_drvdata() instead as device_create() is going away.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Why?:
There are occasions where userspace would like to access sysfs
attributes for a device but it may not know how sysfs has named the
device or the path. For example what is the sysfs path for
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST3160827AS_5MT004CK? With this change a call to
stat(2) returns the major:minor then userspace can see that
/sys/dev/block/8:32 links to /sys/block/sdc.
What are the alternatives?:
1/ Add an ioctl to return the path: Doable, but sysfs is meant to reduce
the need to proliferate ioctl interfaces into the kernel, so this
seems counter productive.
2/ Use udev to create these symlinks: Also doable, but it adds a
udev dependency to utilities that might be running in a limited
environment like an initramfs.
3/ Do a full-tree search of sysfs.
[kay.sievers@vrfy.org: fix duplicate registrations]
[kay.sievers@vrfy.org: cleanup suggestions]
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Reviewed-by: SL Baur <steve@xemacs.org>
Acked-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Acked-by: Mark Lord <lkml@rtr.ca>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1109b) makes USB-Persist more resilient to errors. With
the current code, if a normal resume fails, it's an unrecoverable
error. With the patch, if a normal resume fails (and if the device is
enabled for USB-Persist) then a reset-resume is tried.
This fixes the problem reported in Bugzilla #10977.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Fix pointer/int cast in USB devio code, and thus avoid a compiler warning.
A void* data argument passed to bus_find_device() and thence to match_devt()
is used to carry a 32-bit datum. However, casting directly between a u32 and
a pointer is not permitted - there must be an intermediate cast via (unsigned)
long.
This was introduced by the following patch:
commit 94b1c9fa060ece2c8f080583beb6cc6008e41413
Author: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Date: Tue Jun 24 14:47:12 2008 -0400
usbfs: simplify the lookup-by-minor routines
This patch (as1105) simplifies the lookup-by-minor-number code in
usbfs. Instead of passing the minor number to the callback, which
must then reconstruct the entire dev_t value, the patch passes the
dev_t value directly.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1107) fixes a small bug in the usbfs registration and
unregistration code. It avoids leaving an error value stored in the
device's usb_classdev field and it avoids trying to unregister a NULL
pointer. (It also fixes a rather extreme overuse of whitespace.)
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1106) fixes a race between opening and unregistering
device files in usbfs. The current code drops its reference to the
device and then reacquires it, ignoring the possibility that the
device structure might have been removed in the meantime. It also
doesn't check whether the device is already in the NOTATTACHED state
when the file is opened.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1105) simplifies the lookup-by-minor-number code in
usbfs. Instead of passing the minor number to the callback, which
must then reconstruct the entire dev_t value, the patch passes the
dev_t value directly.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
USB device files are accessible in two ways: as files in usbfs and as
character device nodes. The two paths are supposed to behave
identically, but they don't. When the underlying USB device is
unplugged, disconnect signals are sent to processes with open usbfs
files (if they requested these signals) but not to processes with open
device node files.
This patch (as1104) fixes the bug by moving the disconnect-signalling
code into a common subroutine which is called from both paths.
Putting this subroutine in devio.c removes the only out-of-file
reference to struct dev_state, and so the structure's declaration can
be moved from usb.h into devio.c.
Finally, the new subroutine performs one extra action: It kills all
the outstanding async URBs. (I'd kill the outstanding synchronous
URBs too, if there was any way to do it.) In the past this hasn't
mattered much, because devices were unregistered from usbfs only
when they were disconnected. But now the unregistration can also
occur whenever devices are unbound from the usb_generic driver. At
any rate, killing URBs when a device is unregistered from usbfs seems
like a good thing to do.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1024) takes care of a FIXME issue: Drivers that don't
have the necessary suspend, resume, reset_resume, pre_reset, or
post_reset methods will be unbound and their interface reprobed when
one of the unsupported events occurs.
This is made slightly more difficult by the fact that bind operations
won't work during a system sleep transition. So instead the code has
to defer the operation until the transition ends.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch renames the existing usb_reset_device in hub.c to
usb_reset_and_verify_device and renames the existing
usb_reset_composite_device to usb_reset_device. Also the new
usb_reset_and_verify_device does't need to be EXPORTED .
The idea of the patch is that external interface driver
should warn the other interfaces' driver of the same
device before and after reseting the usb device. One interface
driver shoud call _old_ usb_reset_composite_device instead of
_old_ usb_reset_device since it can't assume the device contains
only one interface. The _old_ usb_reset_composite_device
is safe for single interface device also. we rename the two
functions to make the change easily.
This patch is under guideline from Alan Stern.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
It is the usb interface driver probe() methods that
can't call usb_set_configuration, not usb device driver.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1103) changes the iteration in the USB scatter-gather to
use a standard SG iterator. Otherwise the iteration will fail if it
encounters a chained SG list.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
From the current implementation of usb_reset_composite_device
function, the iface parameter is no longer useful. This function
doesn't do something special for the iface usb_interface,compared
with other interfaces in the usb_device. So remove the parameter
and fix the related caller.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
We can't allow hubs on the 7th tier as they would allow
devices on the 8th tier.
Signed-off-by: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@nokia.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch removes CVS keywords that weren't updated for a long time
from comments.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1091) changes the way usbcore handles interface
unbinding. If the interface's driver supports "soft" unbinding (a new
flag in the driver structure) then in-flight URBs are not cancelled
and endpoints are not disabled. Instead the driver is allowed to
continue communicating with the device (although of course it should
stop before its disconnect routine returns).
The purpose of this change is to allow drivers to do a clean shutdown
when they get unbound from a device that is still plugged in. Killing
all the URBs and disabling the endpoints before calling the driver's
disconnect method doesn't give the driver any control over what
happens, and it can leave devices in indeterminate states. For
example, when usb-storage unbinds it doesn't want to stop while in the
middle of transmitting a SCSI command.
The soft_unbind flag is added because in the past, a number of drivers
have experienced problems related to ongoing I/O after their disconnect
routine returned. Hence "soft" unbinding is made available only to
drivers that claim to support it.
The patch also replaces "interface_to_usbdev(intf)" with "udev" in a
couple of places, a minor simplification.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1083) combines hub_quiesce() and hub_stop() into a
single routine. There's no point keeping them separate since they are
usually called together.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1071) combines hub_activate() and hub_restart() into a
single routine. There's no point keeping them separate, since they
are always called together.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1082) makes a small optimization to the way the hub
driver carries out port debouncing immediately after a hub is
activated (i.e., initialized, reset, or resumed). If any port-change
statuses are observed, the code will delay for a minimal debounce
period -- thereby making a good start at debouncing all the ports at
once.
If this wasn't sufficient then khubd will debounce any port that still
requires attention. But in most cases it should suffice; it's rare
for a device to need more than a minimal debounce delay. (In the
cases of hub initialization or reset even that is most likely not
needed, since any devices plugged in at such times have probably been
attached for a while.)
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Rabin Vincent