Let's recap the problem. The current asynchronous netlink kernel
message processing is vulnerable to these attacks:
1) Hit and run: Attacker sends one or more messages and then exits
before they're processed. This may confuse/disable the next netlink
user that gets the netlink address of the attacker since it may
receive the responses to the attacker's messages.
Proposed solutions:
a) Synchronous processing.
b) Stream mode socket.
c) Restrict/prohibit binding.
2) Starvation: Because various netlink rcv functions were written
to not return until all messages have been processed on a socket,
it is possible for these functions to execute for an arbitrarily
long period of time. If this is successfully exploited it could
also be used to hold rtnl forever.
Proposed solutions:
a) Synchronous processing.
b) Stream mode socket.
Firstly let's cross off solution c). It only solves the first
problem and it has user-visible impacts. In particular, it'll
break user space applications that expect to bind or communicate
with specific netlink addresses (pid's).
So we're left with a choice of synchronous processing versus
SOCK_STREAM for netlink.
For the moment I'm sticking with the synchronous approach as
suggested by Alexey since it's simpler and I'd rather spend
my time working on other things.
However, it does have a number of deficiencies compared to the
stream mode solution:
1) User-space to user-space netlink communication is still vulnerable.
2) Inefficient use of resources. This is especially true for rtnetlink
since the lock is shared with other users such as networking drivers.
The latter could hold the rtnl while communicating with hardware which
causes the rtnetlink user to wait when it could be doing other things.
3) It is still possible to DoS all netlink users by flooding the kernel
netlink receive queue. The attacker simply fills the receive socket
with a single netlink message that fills up the entire queue. The
attacker then continues to call sendmsg with the same message in a loop.
Point 3) can be countered by retransmissions in user-space code, however
it is pretty messy.
In light of these problems (in particular, point 3), we should implement
stream mode netlink at some point. In the mean time, here is a patch
that implements synchronous processing.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The patch "MCA recovery improvements" added do_exit to mca_drv.c.
That's fine when the mca recovery code is built in the kernel
(CONFIG_IA64_MCA_RECOVERY=y) but breaks building the mca recovery
code as a module (CONFIG_IA64_MCA_RECOVERY=m).
Most users are currently building this as a module, as loading
and unloading the module provides a very convenient way to turn
on/off error recovery.
This patch exports do_exit, so mca_drv.c can build as a module.
Signed-off-by: Russ Anderson (rja@sgi.com)
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
When adding more formatted audit data to an skb for delivery to userspace,
the kernel will attempt to reuse an skb that has spare room. However, if
the audit message has already been fragmented to multiple skb's, the search
for spare room in the skb uses the head of the list. This will corrupt the
audit message with trailing bytes being placed midway through the stream.
Fix is to look at the end of the list.
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Another large rollup of various patches from Adrian which make things static
where they were needlessly exported.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Some KernelDoc descriptions are updated to match the current code.
No code changes.
Signed-off-by: Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I have recompiled Linux kernel 2.6.11.5 documentation for me and our
university students again. The documentation could be extended for more
sources which are equipped by structured comments for recent 2.6 kernels. I
have tried to proceed with that task. I have done that more times from 2.6.0
time and it gets boring to do same changes again and again. Linux kernel
compiles after changes for i386 and ARM targets. I have added references to
some more files into kernel-api book, I have added some section names as well.
So please, check that changes do not break something and that categories are
not too much skewed.
I have changed kernel-doc to accept "fastcall" and "asmlinkage" words reserved
by kernel convention. Most of the other changes are modifications in the
comments to make kernel-doc happy, accept some parameters description and do
not bail out on errors. Changed <pid> to @pid in the description, moved some
#ifdef before comments to correct function to comments bindings, etc.
You can see result of the modified documentation build at
http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~pisa/linux/lkdb-2.6.11.tar.gz
Some more sources are ready to be included into kernel-doc generated
documentation. Sources has been added into kernel-api for now. Some more
section names added and probably some more chaos introduced as result of quick
cleanup work.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Pisa <pisa@cmp.felk.cvut.cz>
Signed-off-by: Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Convert most of the current code that uses _NSIG directly to instead use
valid_signal(). This avoids gcc -W warnings and off-by-one errors.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <juhl-lkml@dif.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch changes calls to synchronize_kernel(), deprecated in the earlier
"Deprecate synchronize_kernel, GPL replacement" patch to instead call the new
synchronize_rcu() and synchronize_sched() APIs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The synchronize_kernel() primitive is used for quite a few different purposes:
waiting for RCU readers, waiting for NMIs, waiting for interrupts, and so on.
This makes RCU code harder to read, since synchronize_kernel() might or might
not have matching rcu_read_lock()s. This patch creates a new
synchronize_rcu() that is to be used for RCU readers and a new
synchronize_sched() that is used for the rest. These two new primitives
currently have the same implementation, but this is might well change with
additional real-time support. Both new primitives are GPL-only, the old
primitive is deprecated.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The gpl exports need to be put back. Moving them to GPL -- but in a
measured manner, as I proposed on this list some months ago -- is fine.
Changing these particular exports precipitously is most definitely -not-
fine. Here is my earlier proposal:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110520930301813&w=2
See below for a patch that puts the exports back, along with an updated
version of my earlier patch that starts the process of moving them to GPL.
I will also be following this message with RFC patches that introduce two
(EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL) interfaces to replace synchronize_kernel(), which then
becomes deprecated.
Signed-off-by: <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Arrange for all kernel printks to be no-ops. Only available if
CONFIG_EMBEDDED.
This patch saves about 375k on my laptop config and nearly 100k on minimal
configs.
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a pair of rlimits for allowing non-root tasks to raise nice and rt
priorities. Defaults to traditional behavior. Originally written by
Chris Wright.
The patch implements a simple rlimit ceiling for the RT (and nice) priorities
a task can set. The rlimit defaults to 0, meaning no change in behavior by
default. A value of 50 means RT priority levels 1-50 are allowed. A value of
100 means all 99 privilege levels from 1 to 99 are allowed. CAP_SYS_NICE is
blanket permission.
(akpm: see http://www.uwsg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0503.1/1921.html for
tips on integrating this with PAM).
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace a number of memory barriers with smp_ variants. This means we won't
take the unnecessary hit on UP machines.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Attached is a new patch that solves the issue of getting valid credentials
into the LOGIN message. The current code was assuming that the audit context
had already been copied. This is not always the case for LOGIN messages.
To solve the problem, the patch passes the task struct to the function that
emits the message where it can get valid credentials.
Signed-off-by: Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
If netlink_unicast() fails, requeue the skb back at the head of the queue
it just came from, instead of the tail. And do so unless we've exceeded
the audit_backlog limit; not according to some other arbitrary limit.
From: Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Most audit control messages are sent over netlink.In order to properly
log the identity of the sender of audit control messages, we would like
to add the loginuid to the netlink_creds structure, as per the attached
patch.
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
They don't seem to work correctly (investigation ongoing), but we don't
actually need to do it anyway.
Patch from Peter Martuccelli <peterm@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Attached is a patch that corrects a signed/unsigned warning. I also noticed
that we needlessly init serial to 0. That only needs to occur if the kernel
was compiled without the audit system.
-Steve Grubb
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
We were calling ptrace_notify() after auditing the syscall and arguments,
but the debugger could have _changed_ them before the syscall was actually
invoked. Reorder the calls to fix that.
While we're touching ever call to audit_syscall_entry(), we also make it
take an extra argument: the architecture of the syscall which was made,
because some architectures allow more than one type of syscall.
Also add an explicit success/failure flag to audit_syscall_exit(), for
the benefit of architectures which return that in a condition register
rather than only returning a single register.
Change type of syscall return value to 'long' not 'int'.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
kernel/audit.c: In function `audit_log_untrustedstring':
kernel/audit.c:736: warning: comparison is always false due to limited range of data type
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
We log strings from userspace, such as arguments to open(). These could
be formatted to contain \n followed by fake audit log entries. Provide
a function for logging such strings, which gives a hex dump when the
string contains anything but basic printable ASCII characters. Use it
for logging filenames.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
settimeofday will set the time a little bit too early on systems using
time interpolation since it subtracts the current interpolator offset
from the time. This used to be necessary with the code in 2.6.9 and earlier
but the new code resets the time interpolator after setting the time.
Thus the time is set too early and gettimeofday will return a time slightly
before the time specified with settimeofday if invoked immeditely after
settimeofday.
This removes the obsolete subtraction of the time interpolator offset
and makes settimeofday set the time accurately.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch is incredibly trivial, but it does resolve some of the user
confusion as to what "L1-A" actually is.
Clarify printk message to refer to Stop-A (L1-A).
Gentoo has a virtually identical patch in their kernel sources.
Signed-off-by: Tom 'spot' Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This fixes a deadlock on the dcache lock detected during testing at IBM
by moving the logging of the current executable information from the
SELinux avc_audit function to audit_log_exit (via an audit_log_task_info
helper) for processing upon syscall exit.
For consistency, the patch also removes the logging of other
task-related information from avc_audit, deferring handling to
audit_log_exit instead.
This allows simplification of the avc_audit code, allows the exe
information to be obtained more reliably, always includes the comm
information (useful for scripts), and avoids including bogus task
information for checks performed from irq or softirq.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch hides reparent_to_init(). reparent_to_init() should only be
called by daemonize().
Signed-off-by: Coywolf Qi Hunt <coywolf@lovecn.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
gcc-4 warns with
include/linux/cpuset.h:21: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function
return type
cpuset_cpus_allowed is declared with const
extern const cpumask_t cpuset_cpus_allowed(const struct task_struct *p);
First const should be __attribute__((const)), but the gcc manual
explains that:
"Note that a function that has pointer arguments and examines the data
pointed to must not be declared const. Likewise, a function that calls a
non-const function usually must not be const. It does not make sense for
a const function to return void."
The following patch remove const from the function declaration.
Signed-off-by: Benoit Boissinot <benoit.boissinot@ens-lyon.org>
Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
IXP2000 (ARM-based) platforms use a separate 'struct resource' for PCI MEM
space. Resource allocation for PCI BARs always fails because the 'root'
resource (the IXP2000 PCI MEM resource) always has the entire address space
(00000000-ffffffff) free, and find_resource() calculates the size of that
range as ffffffff-00000000+1=0, so all allocations fail because it thinks
there is no space.
(akpm: pls. double-check)
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Now that no architectures defines HAVE_ARCH_GET_SIGNAL_TO_DELIVER anymore
this can go away. It was a transitional hack only.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
there seems to be a bug, at least for me, in kernel/param.c for arrays with
.num == NULL. If .num == NULL, the function param_array_set() uses &.max
for the call to param_array(), wich alters the .max value to the number of
arguments. The result is, you can't set more array arguments as the last
time you set the parameter.
example:
# a module 'example' with
# static int array[10] = { 0, };
# module_param_array(array, int, NULL, 0644);
$ insmod example.ko array=1,2,3
$ cat /sys/module/example/parameters/array
1,2,3
$ echo "4,3,2,1" > /sys/module/example/parameters/array
$ dmesg | tail -n 1
kernel: array: can take only 3 arguments
Signed-off-by: Bert Wesarg <wesarg@informatik.uni-halle.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I have no idea how a bug like this lasted so long. Anyways, obvious
memset()'ing of incorrect pointer.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This was unexported by Arjan because we have no current users.
However, during a conversion from tasklets to workqueues of the parisc led
functions, we ran across a case where this was needed. In particular, the
open coded equivalent of cancel_rearming_delayed_workqueue was implemented
incorrectly, which is, I think, all the evidence necessary that this is a
useful API.
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@SteelEye.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Linus Torvalds