earth-shaking:
- More Chinese translations, and an update to the Italian translations.
The Japanese, Korean, and traditional Chinese translations are
more-or-less unmaintained at this point, instead.
- Some build-system performance improvements.
- The removal of the archaic submitting-drivers.rst document, with the
movement of what useful material that remained into other docs.
- Improvements to sphinx-pre-install to, hopefully, give more useful
suggestions.
- A number of build-warning fixes
Plus the usual collection of typo fixes, updates, and more.
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Merge tag 'docs-6.0' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"This was a moderately busy cycle for documentation, but nothing
all that earth-shaking:
- More Chinese translations, and an update to the Italian
translations.
The Japanese, Korean, and traditional Chinese translations
are more-or-less unmaintained at this point, instead.
- Some build-system performance improvements.
- The removal of the archaic submitting-drivers.rst document,
with the movement of what useful material that remained into
other docs.
- Improvements to sphinx-pre-install to, hopefully, give more
useful suggestions.
- A number of build-warning fixes
Plus the usual collection of typo fixes, updates, and more"
* tag 'docs-6.0' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (92 commits)
docs: efi-stub: Fix paths for x86 / arm stubs
Docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of sched-stats to 5.19-rc8
Docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of pci to 5.19-rc8
Docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of pci-iov-howto to 5.19-rc8
Docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of usage to 5.19-rc8
Docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of testing-overview to 5.19-rc8
Docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of sparse to 5.19-rc8
Docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of kasan to 5.19-rc8
Docs/zh_CN: Update the translation of iio_configfs to 5.19-rc8
doc:it_IT: align Italian documentation
docs: Remove spurious tag from admin-guide/mm/overcommit-accounting.rst
Documentation: process: Update email client instructions for Thunderbird
docs: ABI: correct QEMU fw_cfg spec path
doc/zh_CN: remove submitting-driver reference from docs
docs: zh_TW: align to submitting-drivers removal
docs: zh_CN: align to submitting-drivers removal
docs: ko_KR: howto: remove reference to removed submitting-drivers
docs: ja_JP: howto: remove reference to removed submitting-drivers
docs: it_IT: align to submitting-drivers removal
docs: process: remove outdated submitting-drivers.rst
...
If a watch is being added to a queue, it needs to guard against
interference from addition of a new watch, manual removal of a watch and
removal of a watch due to some other queue being destroyed.
KEYCTL_WATCH_KEY guards against this for the same {key,queue} pair by
holding the key->sem writelocked and by holding refs on both the key and
the queue - but that doesn't prevent interaction from other {key,queue}
pairs.
While add_watch_to_object() does take the spinlock on the event queue,
it doesn't take the lock on the source's watch list. The assumption was
that the caller would prevent that (say by taking key->sem) - but that
doesn't prevent interference from the destruction of another queue.
Fix this by locking the watcher list in add_watch_to_object().
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-by: syzbot+03d7b43290037d1f87ca@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
cc: keyrings@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since __post_watch_notification() walks wlist->watchers with only the
RCU read lock held, we need to use RCU methods to add to the list (we
already use RCU methods to remove from the list).
Fix add_watch_to_object() to use hlist_add_head_rcu() instead of
hlist_add_head() for that list.
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sedat Dilek noticed that I had an extraneous semicolon at the end of a
line in the previous patch.
It's harmless, but unintentional, and while compilers just treat it as
an extra empty statement, for all I know some other tooling might warn
about it. So clean it up before other people notice too ;)
Fixes: 353f7988dd ("watchqueue: make sure to serialize 'wqueue->defunct' properly")
Reported-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reported-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
When the pipe is closed, we mark the associated watchqueue defunct by
calling watch_queue_clear(). However, while that is protected by the
watchqueue lock, new watchqueue entries aren't actually added under that
lock at all: they use the pipe->rd_wait.lock instead, and looking up
that pipe happens without any locking.
The watchqueue code uses the RCU read-side section to make sure that the
wqueue entry itself hasn't disappeared, but that does not protect the
pipe_info in any way.
So make sure to actually hold the wqueue lock when posting watch events,
properly serializing against the pipe being torn down.
Reported-by: Noam Rathaus <noamr@ssd-disclosure.com>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In watch_queue_set_size(), the error cleanup code doesn't take account of
the fact that __free_page() can't handle a NULL pointer when trying to free
up buffer pages that did get allocated.
Fix this by only calling __free_page() on the pages actually allocated.
Without the fix, this can lead to something like the following:
BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in __free_pages+0x1f/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:5473
Read of size 4 at addr 0000000000000034 by task syz-executor168/3599
...
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106
__kasan_report mm/kasan/report.c:446 [inline]
kasan_report.cold+0x66/0xdf mm/kasan/report.c:459
check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:183 [inline]
kasan_check_range+0x13d/0x180 mm/kasan/generic.c:189
instrument_atomic_read include/linux/instrumented.h:71 [inline]
atomic_read include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:27 [inline]
page_ref_count include/linux/page_ref.h:67 [inline]
put_page_testzero include/linux/mm.h:717 [inline]
__free_pages+0x1f/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:5473
watch_queue_set_size+0x499/0x630 kernel/watch_queue.c:275
pipe_ioctl+0xac/0x2b0 fs/pipe.c:632
vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
__do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:874 [inline]
__se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:860 [inline]
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x193/0x200 fs/ioctl.c:860
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-and-tested-by: syzbot+d55757faa9b80590767b@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fabio M. De Francesco <fmdefrancesco@gmail.com>
watch_queue_clear() has a comment stating that setting ->defunct to true
preventing new additions as well as preventing notifications. Whilst
the latter is true, the first bit is superfluous since at the time this
function is called, the pipe cannot be accessed to add new event
sources.
Remove the "new additions" bit from the comment.
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's nothing to synchronise post_one_notification() versus
pipe_read(). Whilst posting is done under pipe->rd_wait.lock, the
reader only takes pipe->mutex which cannot bar notification posting as
that may need to be made from contexts that cannot sleep.
Fix this by setting pipe->head with a barrier in post_one_notification()
and reading pipe->head with a barrier in pipe_read().
If that's not sufficient, the rd_wait.lock will need to be taken,
possibly in a ->confirm() op so that it only applies to notifications.
The lock would, however, have to be dropped before copy_page_to_iter()
is invoked.
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, watch_queue_set_size() sets the number of notes available in
wqueue->nr_notes according to the number of notes allocated, but sets
the size of the bitmap to the unrounded number of notes originally asked
for.
Fix this by setting the bitmap size to the number of notes we're
actually going to make available (ie. the number allocated).
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use bitmap_alloc() to simplify code, improve the semantic and reduce
some open-coded arithmetic in allocator arguments.
Also change a memset(0xff) into an equivalent bitmap_fill() to keep
consistency.
Signed-off-by: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The pipe ring size must always be a power of 2 as the head and tail
pointers are masked off by AND'ing with the size of the ring - 1.
watch_queue_set_size(), however, lets you specify any number of notes
between 1 and 511. This number is passed through to pipe_resize_ring()
without checking/forcing its alignment.
Fix this by rounding the number of slots required up to the nearest
power of two. The request is meant to guarantee that at least that many
notifications can be generated before the queue is full, so rounding
down isn't an option, but, alternatively, it may be better to give an
error if we aren't allowed to allocate that much ring space.
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a pipe ring descriptor points to a notification message, the
refcount on the backing page is incremented by the generic get function,
but the release function, which marks the bitmap, doesn't drop the page
ref.
Fix this by calling generic_pipe_buf_release() at the end of
watch_queue_pipe_buf_release().
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In watch_queue_set_filter(), there are a couple of places where we check
that the filter type value does not exceed what the type_filter bitmap
can hold. One place calculates the number of bits by:
if (tf[i].type >= sizeof(wfilter->type_filter) * 8)
which is fine, but the second does:
if (tf[i].type >= sizeof(wfilter->type_filter) * BITS_PER_LONG)
which is not. This can lead to a couple of out-of-bounds writes due to
a too-large type:
(1) __set_bit() on wfilter->type_filter
(2) Writing more elements in wfilter->filters[] than we allocated.
Fix this by just using the proper WATCH_TYPE__NR instead, which is the
number of types we actually know about.
The bug may cause an oops looking something like:
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in watch_queue_set_filter+0x659/0x740
Write of size 4 at addr ffff88800d2c66bc by task watch_queue_oob/611
...
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0x45/0x59
print_address_description.constprop.0+0x1f/0x150
...
kasan_report.cold+0x7f/0x11b
...
watch_queue_set_filter+0x659/0x740
...
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x127/0x190
do_syscall_64+0x43/0x90
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
Allocated by task 611:
kasan_save_stack+0x1e/0x40
__kasan_kmalloc+0x81/0xa0
watch_queue_set_filter+0x23a/0x740
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x127/0x190
do_syscall_64+0x43/0x90
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88800d2c66a0
which belongs to the cache kmalloc-32 of size 32
The buggy address is located 28 bytes inside of
32-byte region [ffff88800d2c66a0, ffff88800d2c66c0)
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The command './scripts/kernel-doc -none kernel/watch_queue.c'
reported a mismatch in the kernel-doc of init_watch().
Rectify the kernel-doc, such that no issues remain for watch_queue.c.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Impose a limit on the number of watches that a user can hold so that
they can't use this mechanism to fill up all the available memory.
This is done by putting a counter in user_struct that's incremented when
a watch is allocated and decreased when it is released. If the number
exceeds the RLIMIT_NOFILE limit, the watch is rejected with EAGAIN.
This can be tested by the following means:
(1) Create a watch queue and attach it to fd 5 in the program given - in
this case, bash:
keyctl watch_session /tmp/nlog /tmp/gclog 5 bash
(2) In the shell, set the maximum number of files to, say, 99:
ulimit -n 99
(3) Add 200 keyrings:
for ((i=0; i<200; i++)); do keyctl newring a$i @s || break; done
(4) Try to watch all of the keyrings:
for ((i=0; i<200; i++)); do echo $i; keyctl watch_add 5 %:a$i || break; done
This should fail when the number of watches belonging to the user hits
99.
(5) Remove all the keyrings and all of those watches should go away:
for ((i=0; i<200; i++)); do keyctl unlink %:a$i; done
(6) Kill off the watch queue by exiting the shell spawned by
watch_session.
Fixes: c73be61ced ("pipe: Add general notification queue support")
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'notifications-20200601' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-fs
Pull notification queue from David Howells:
"This adds a general notification queue concept and adds an event
source for keys/keyrings, such as linking and unlinking keys and
changing their attributes.
Thanks to Debarshi Ray, we do have a pull request to use this to fix a
problem with gnome-online-accounts - as mentioned last time:
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-online-accounts/merge_requests/47
Without this, g-o-a has to constantly poll a keyring-based kerberos
cache to find out if kinit has changed anything.
[ There are other notification pending: mount/sb fsinfo notifications
for libmount that Karel Zak and Ian Kent have been working on, and
Christian Brauner would like to use them in lxc, but let's see how
this one works first ]
LSM hooks are included:
- A set of hooks are provided that allow an LSM to rule on whether or
not a watch may be set. Each of these hooks takes a different
"watched object" parameter, so they're not really shareable. The
LSM should use current's credentials. [Wanted by SELinux & Smack]
- A hook is provided to allow an LSM to rule on whether or not a
particular message may be posted to a particular queue. This is
given the credentials from the event generator (which may be the
system) and the watch setter. [Wanted by Smack]
I've provided SELinux and Smack with implementations of some of these
hooks.
WHY
===
Key/keyring notifications are desirable because if you have your
kerberos tickets in a file/directory, your Gnome desktop will monitor
that using something like fanotify and tell you if your credentials
cache changes.
However, we also have the ability to cache your kerberos tickets in
the session, user or persistent keyring so that it isn't left around
on disk across a reboot or logout. Keyrings, however, cannot currently
be monitored asynchronously, so the desktop has to poll for it - not
so good on a laptop. This facility will allow the desktop to avoid the
need to poll.
DESIGN DECISIONS
================
- The notification queue is built on top of a standard pipe. Messages
are effectively spliced in. The pipe is opened with a special flag:
pipe2(fds, O_NOTIFICATION_PIPE);
The special flag has the same value as O_EXCL (which doesn't seem
like it will ever be applicable in this context)[?]. It is given up
front to make it a lot easier to prohibit splice&co from accessing
the pipe.
[?] Should this be done some other way? I'd rather not use up a new
O_* flag if I can avoid it - should I add a pipe3() system call
instead?
The pipe is then configured::
ioctl(fds[1], IOC_WATCH_QUEUE_SET_SIZE, queue_depth);
ioctl(fds[1], IOC_WATCH_QUEUE_SET_FILTER, &filter);
Messages are then read out of the pipe using read().
- It should be possible to allow write() to insert data into the
notification pipes too, but this is currently disabled as the
kernel has to be able to insert messages into the pipe *without*
holding pipe->mutex and the code to make this work needs careful
auditing.
- sendfile(), splice() and vmsplice() are disabled on notification
pipes because of the pipe->mutex issue and also because they
sometimes want to revert what they just did - but one or more
notification messages might've been interleaved in the ring.
- The kernel inserts messages with the wait queue spinlock held. This
means that pipe_read() and pipe_write() have to take the spinlock
to update the queue pointers.
- Records in the buffer are binary, typed and have a length so that
they can be of varying size.
This allows multiple heterogeneous sources to share a common
buffer; there are 16 million types available, of which I've used
just a few, so there is scope for others to be used. Tags may be
specified when a watchpoint is created to help distinguish the
sources.
- Records are filterable as types have up to 256 subtypes that can be
individually filtered. Other filtration is also available.
- Notification pipes don't interfere with each other; each may be
bound to a different set of watches. Any particular notification
will be copied to all the queues that are currently watching for it
- and only those that are watching for it.
- When recording a notification, the kernel will not sleep, but will
rather mark a queue as having lost a message if there's
insufficient space. read() will fabricate a loss notification
message at an appropriate point later.
- The notification pipe is created and then watchpoints are attached
to it, using one of:
keyctl_watch_key(KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING, fds[1], 0x01);
watch_mount(AT_FDCWD, "/", 0, fd, 0x02);
watch_sb(AT_FDCWD, "/mnt", 0, fd, 0x03);
where in both cases, fd indicates the queue and the number after is
a tag between 0 and 255.
- Watches are removed if either the notification pipe is destroyed or
the watched object is destroyed. In the latter case, a message will
be generated indicating the enforced watch removal.
Things I want to avoid:
- Introducing features that make the core VFS dependent on the
network stack or networking namespaces (ie. usage of netlink).
- Dumping all this stuff into dmesg and having a daemon that sits
there parsing the output and distributing it as this then puts the
responsibility for security into userspace and makes handling
namespaces tricky. Further, dmesg might not exist or might be
inaccessible inside a container.
- Letting users see events they shouldn't be able to see.
TESTING AND MANPAGES
====================
- The keyutils tree has a pipe-watch branch that has keyctl commands
for making use of notifications. Proposed manual pages can also be
found on this branch, though a couple of them really need to go to
the main manpages repository instead.
If the kernel supports the watching of keys, then running "make
test" on that branch will cause the testing infrastructure to spawn
a monitoring process on the side that monitors a notifications pipe
for all the key/keyring changes induced by the tests and they'll
all be checked off to make sure they happened.
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/keyutils.git/log/?h=pipe-watch
- A test program is provided (samples/watch_queue/watch_test) that
can be used to monitor for keyrings, mount and superblock events.
Information on the notifications is simply logged to stdout"
* tag 'notifications-20200601' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-fs:
smack: Implement the watch_key and post_notification hooks
selinux: Implement the watch_key security hook
keys: Make the KEY_NEED_* perms an enum rather than a mask
pipe: Add notification lossage handling
pipe: Allow buffers to be marked read-whole-or-error for notifications
Add sample notification program
watch_queue: Add a key/keyring notification facility
security: Add hooks to rule on setting a watch
pipe: Add general notification queue support
pipe: Add O_NOTIFICATION_PIPE
security: Add a hook for the point of notification insertion
uapi: General notification queue definitions
Add handling for loss of notifications by having read() insert a
loss-notification message after it has read the pipe buffer that was last
in the ring when the loss occurred.
Lossage can come about either by running out of notification descriptors or
by running out of space in the pipe ring.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Allow a buffer to be marked such that read() must return the entire buffer
in one go or return ENOBUFS. Multiple buffers can be amalgamated into a
single read, but a short read will occur if the next "whole" buffer won't
fit.
This is useful for watch queue notifications to make sure we don't split a
notification across multiple reads, especially given that we need to
fabricate an overrun record under some circumstances - and that isn't in
the buffers.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Make it possible to have a general notification queue built on top of a
standard pipe. Notifications are 'spliced' into the pipe and then read
out. splice(), vmsplice() and sendfile() are forbidden on pipes used for
notifications as post_one_notification() cannot take pipe->mutex. This
means that notifications could be posted in between individual pipe
buffers, making iov_iter_revert() difficult to effect.
The way the notification queue is used is:
(1) An application opens a pipe with a special flag and indicates the
number of messages it wishes to be able to queue at once (this can
only be set once):
pipe2(fds, O_NOTIFICATION_PIPE);
ioctl(fds[0], IOC_WATCH_QUEUE_SET_SIZE, queue_depth);
(2) The application then uses poll() and read() as normal to extract data
from the pipe. read() will return multiple notifications if the
buffer is big enough, but it will not split a notification across
buffers - rather it will return a short read or EMSGSIZE.
Notification messages include a length in the header so that the
caller can split them up.
Each message has a header that describes it:
struct watch_notification {
__u32 type:24;
__u32 subtype:8;
__u32 info;
};
The type indicates the source (eg. mount tree changes, superblock events,
keyring changes, block layer events) and the subtype indicates the event
type (eg. mount, unmount; EIO, EDQUOT; link, unlink). The info field
indicates a number of things, including the entry length, an ID assigned to
a watchpoint contributing to this buffer and type-specific flags.
Supplementary data, such as the key ID that generated an event, can be
attached in additional slots. The maximum message size is 127 bytes.
Messages may not be padded or aligned, so there is no guarantee, for
example, that the notification type will be on a 4-byte bounary.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Linus Torvalds