Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Fix merge window fallout and fix sleep profiling (this was always
broken, so it's not a fix for the merge window - we can skip this one
from the head of the tree)."
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf/trace: Add ability to set a target task for events
perf/x86: Fix USER/KERNEL tagging of samples properly
perf/x86/intel/uncore: Make UNCORE_PMU_HRTIMER_INTERVAL 64-bit
Merge Andrew's second set of patches:
- MM
- a few random fixes
- a couple of RTC leftovers
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (120 commits)
rtc/rtc-88pm80x: remove unneed devm_kfree
rtc/rtc-88pm80x: assign ret only when rtc_register_driver fails
mm: hugetlbfs: close race during teardown of hugetlbfs shared page tables
tmpfs: distribute interleave better across nodes
mm: remove redundant initialization
mm: warn if pg_data_t isn't initialized with zero
mips: zero out pg_data_t when it's allocated
memcg: gix memory accounting scalability in shrink_page_list
mm/sparse: remove index_init_lock
mm/sparse: more checks on mem_section number
mm/sparse: optimize sparse_index_alloc
memcg: add mem_cgroup_from_css() helper
memcg: further prevent OOM with too many dirty pages
memcg: prevent OOM with too many dirty pages
mm: mmu_notifier: fix freed page still mapped in secondary MMU
mm: memcg: only check anon swapin page charges for swap cache
mm: memcg: only check swap cache pages for repeated charging
mm: memcg: split swapin charge function into private and public part
mm: memcg: remove needless !mm fixup to init_mm when charging
mm: memcg: remove unneeded shmem charge type
...
from interrupts for /dev/random and /dev/urandom. The goal is to
addresses weaknesses discussed in the paper "Mining your Ps and Qs:
Detection of Widespread Weak Keys in Network Devices", by Nadia
Heninger, Zakir Durumeric, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman, which will
be published in the Proceedings of the 21st Usenix Security Symposium,
August 2012. (See https://factorable.net for more information and an
extended version of the paper.)
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Merge tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random
Pull random subsystem patches from Ted Ts'o:
"This patch series contains a major revamp of how we collect entropy
from interrupts for /dev/random and /dev/urandom.
The goal is to addresses weaknesses discussed in the paper "Mining
your Ps and Qs: Detection of Widespread Weak Keys in Network Devices",
by Nadia Heninger, Zakir Durumeric, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman,
which will be published in the Proceedings of the 21st Usenix Security
Symposium, August 2012. (See https://factorable.net for more
information and an extended version of the paper.)"
Fix up trivial conflicts due to nearby changes in
drivers/{mfd/ab3100-core.c, usb/gadget/omap_udc.c}
* tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random: (33 commits)
random: mix in architectural randomness in extract_buf()
dmi: Feed DMI table to /dev/random driver
random: Add comment to random_initialize()
random: final removal of IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM
um: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
sparc/ldc: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
[ARM] pxa: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
board-palmz71: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
isp1301_omap: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
pxa25x_udc: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
omap_udc: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
goku_udc: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which was commented out
uartlite: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
drivers: hv: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
xen-blkfront: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
n2_crypto: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
pda_power: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
i2c-pmcmsp: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
input/serio/hp_sdc.c: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
mfd: remove IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM which is now a no-op
...
__GFP_MEMALLOC will allow the allocation to disregard the watermarks, much
like PF_MEMALLOC. It allows one to pass along the memalloc state in
object related allocation flags as opposed to task related flags, such as
sk->sk_allocation. This removes the need for ALLOC_PFMEMALLOC as callers
using __GFP_MEMALLOC can get the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK flag which is now
enough to identify allocations related to page reclaim.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A few events are interesting not only for a current task.
For example, sched_stat_* events are interesting for a task
which wakes up. For this reason, it will be good if such
events will be delivered to a target task too.
Now a target task can be set by using __perf_task().
The original idea and a draft patch belongs to Peter Zijlstra.
I need these events for profiling sleep times. sched_switch is used for
getting callchains and sched_stat_* is used for getting time periods.
These events are combined in user space, then it can be analyzed by
perf tools.
Inspired-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342016098-213063-1-git-send-email-avagin@openvz.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull x86/mm changes from Peter Anvin:
"The big change here is the patchset by Alex Shi to use INVLPG to flush
only the affected pages when we only need to flush a small page range.
It also removes the special INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR interrupts (32
vectors!) and replace it with an ordinary IPI function call."
Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h (added code next
to changed line)
* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/tlb: Fix build warning and crash when building for !SMP
x86/tlb: do flush_tlb_kernel_range by 'invlpg'
x86/tlb: replace INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR
x86/tlb: enable tlb flush range support for x86
mm/mmu_gather: enable tlb flush range in generic mmu_gather
x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift knob into debugfs
x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift for specific CPU
x86/tlb: fall back to flush all when meet a THP large page
x86/flush_tlb: try flush_tlb_single one by one in flush_tlb_range
x86/tlb_info: get last level TLB entry number of CPU
x86: Add read_mostly declaration/definition to variables from smp.h
x86: Define early read-mostly per-cpu macros
Pull workqueue changes from Tejun Heo:
"There are three major changes.
- WQ_HIGHPRI has been reimplemented so that high priority work items
are served by worker threads with -20 nice value from dedicated
highpri worker pools.
- CPU hotplug support has been reimplemented such that idle workers
are kept across CPU hotplug events. This makes CPU hotplug cheaper
(for PM) and makes the code simpler.
- flush_kthread_work() has been reimplemented so that a work item can
be freed while executing. This removes an annoying behavior
difference between kthread_worker and workqueue."
* 'for-3.6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: fix spurious CPU locality WARN from process_one_work()
kthread_worker: reimplement flush_kthread_work() to allow freeing the work item being executed
kthread_worker: reorganize to prepare for flush_kthread_work() reimplementation
workqueue: simplify CPU hotplug code
workqueue: remove CPU offline trustee
workqueue: don't butcher idle workers on an offline CPU
workqueue: reimplement CPU online rebinding to handle idle workers
workqueue: drop @bind from create_worker()
workqueue: use mutex for global_cwq manager exclusion
workqueue: ROGUE workers are UNBOUND workers
workqueue: drop CPU_DYING notifier operation
workqueue: perform cpu down operations from low priority cpu_notifier()
workqueue: reimplement WQ_HIGHPRI using a separate worker_pool
workqueue: introduce NR_WORKER_POOLS and for_each_worker_pool()
workqueue: separate out worker_pool flags
workqueue: use @pool instead of @gcwq or @cpu where applicable
workqueue: factor out worker_pool from global_cwq
workqueue: don't use WQ_HIGHPRI for unbound workqueues
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Merge tag 'kvm-3.6-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
Pull KVM updates from Avi Kivity:
"Highlights include
- full big real mode emulation on pre-Westmere Intel hosts (can be
disabled with emulate_invalid_guest_state=0)
- relatively small ppc and s390 updates
- PCID/INVPCID support in guests
- EOI avoidance; 3.6 guests should perform better on 3.6 hosts on
interrupt intensive workloads)
- Lockless write faults during live migration
- EPT accessed/dirty bits support for new Intel processors"
Fix up conflicts in:
- Documentation/virtual/kvm/api.txt:
Stupid subchapter numbering, added next to each other.
- arch/powerpc/kvm/booke_interrupts.S:
PPC asm changes clashing with the KVM fixes
- arch/s390/include/asm/sigp.h, arch/s390/kvm/sigp.c:
Duplicated commits through the kvm tree and the s390 tree, with
subsequent edits in the KVM tree.
* tag 'kvm-3.6-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (93 commits)
KVM: fix race with level interrupts
x86, hyper: fix build with !CONFIG_KVM_GUEST
Revert "apic: fix kvm build on UP without IOAPIC"
KVM guest: switch to apic_set_eoi_write, apic_write
apic: add apic_set_eoi_write for PV use
KVM: VMX: Implement PCID/INVPCID for guests with EPT
KVM: Add x86_hyper_kvm to complete detect_hypervisor_platform check
KVM: PPC: Critical interrupt emulation support
KVM: PPC: e500mc: Fix tlbilx emulation for 64-bit guests
KVM: PPC64: booke: Set interrupt computation mode for 64-bit host
KVM: PPC: bookehv: Add ESR flag to Data Storage Interrupt
KVM: PPC: bookehv64: Add support for std/ld emulation.
booke: Added crit/mc exception handler for e500v2
booke/bookehv: Add host crit-watchdog exception support
KVM: MMU: document mmu-lock and fast page fault
KVM: MMU: fix kvm_mmu_pagetable_walk tracepoint
KVM: MMU: trace fast page fault
KVM: MMU: fast path of handling guest page fault
KVM: MMU: introduce SPTE_MMU_WRITEABLE bit
KVM: MMU: fold tlb flush judgement into mmu_spte_update
...
Move worklist and all worker management fields from global_cwq into
the new struct worker_pool. worker_pool points back to the containing
gcwq. worker and cpu_workqueue_struct are updated to point to
worker_pool instead of gcwq too.
This change is mechanical and doesn't introduce any functional
difference other than rearranging of fields and an added level of
indirection in some places. This is to prepare for multiple pools per
gcwq.
v2: Comment typo fixes as suggested by Namhyung.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
This commit adds event tracing for _rcu_barrier() execution. This
is defined only if RCU_TRACE=y.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
x86 has no flush_tlb_range support in instruction level. Currently the
flush_tlb_range just implemented by flushing all page table. That is not
the best solution for all scenarios. In fact, if we just use 'invlpg' to
flush few lines from TLB, we can get the performance gain from later
remain TLB lines accessing.
But the 'invlpg' instruction costs much of time. Its execution time can
compete with cr3 rewriting, and even a bit more on SNB CPU.
So, on a 512 4KB TLB entries CPU, the balance points is at:
(512 - X) * 100ns(assumed TLB refill cost) =
X(TLB flush entries) * 100ns(assumed invlpg cost)
Here, X is 256, that is 1/2 of 512 entries.
But with the mysterious CPU pre-fetcher and page miss handler Unit, the
assumed TLB refill cost is far lower then 100ns in sequential access. And
2 HT siblings in one core makes the memory access more faster if they are
accessing the same memory. So, in the patch, I just do the change when
the target entries is less than 1/16 of whole active tlb entries.
Actually, I have no data support for the percentage '1/16', so any
suggestions are welcomed.
As to hugetlb, guess due to smaller page table, and smaller active TLB
entries, I didn't see benefit via my benchmark, so no optimizing now.
My micro benchmark show in ideal scenarios, the performance improves 70
percent in reading. And in worst scenario, the reading/writing
performance is similar with unpatched 3.4-rc4 kernel.
Here is the reading data on my 2P * 4cores *HT NHM EP machine, with THP
'always':
multi thread testing, '-t' paramter is thread number:
with patch unpatched 3.4-rc4
./mprotect -t 1 14ns 24ns
./mprotect -t 2 13ns 22ns
./mprotect -t 4 12ns 19ns
./mprotect -t 8 14ns 16ns
./mprotect -t 16 28ns 26ns
./mprotect -t 32 54ns 51ns
./mprotect -t 128 200ns 199ns
Single process with sequencial flushing and memory accessing:
with patch unpatched 3.4-rc4
./mprotect 7ns 11ns
./mprotect -p 4096 -l 8 -n 10240
21ns 21ns
[ hpa: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1B4B44D9196EFF41AE41FDA404FC0A100BFF94@SHSMSX101.ccr.corp.intel.com
has additional performance numbers. ]
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-3-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
This is a preparatory patch for the KVM/ARM implementation. KVM/ARM will use
the KVM_IRQ_LINE ioctl, which is currently conditional on
__KVM_HAVE_IOAPIC, but ARM obviously doesn't have any IOAPIC support and we
need a separate define.
Signed-off-by: Christoffer Dall <c.dall@virtualopensystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
The list of exit reasons for the kvm_userspace_exit event was
missing recent additions; bring it into sync again.
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
In the current code, a short dyntick-idle interval (where there is
at least one non-lazy callback on the CPU) and a long dyntick-idle
interval (where there are only lazy callbacks on the CPU) are traced
identically, which can be less than helpful. This commit therefore
emits different event traces in these two cases.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Pascal Chapperon <pascal.chapperon@wanadoo.fr>
There is little motiviation for reclaim_mode_t once RECLAIM_MODE_[A]SYNC
and lumpy reclaim have been removed. This patch gets rid of
reclaim_mode_t as well and improves the documentation about what
reclaim/compaction is and when it is triggered.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch stops reclaim/compaction entering sync reclaim as this was
only intended for lumpy reclaim and an oversight. Page migration has
its own logic for stalling on writeback pages if necessary and memory
compaction is already using it.
Waiting on page writeback is bad for a number of reasons but the primary
one is that waiting on writeback to a slow device like USB can take a
considerable length of time. Page reclaim instead uses
wait_iff_congested() to throttle if too many dirty pages are being
scanned.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This series removes lumpy reclaim and some stalling logic that was
unintentionally being used by memory compaction. The end result is that
stalling on dirty pages during page reclaim now depends on
wait_iff_congested().
Four kernels were compared
3.3.0 vanilla
3.4.0-rc2 vanilla
3.4.0-rc2 lumpyremove-v2 is patch one from this series
3.4.0-rc2 nosync-v2r3 is the full series
Removing lumpy reclaim saves almost 900 bytes of text whereas the full
series removes 1200 bytes.
text data bss dec hex filename
6740375 1927944 2260992 10929311 a6c49f vmlinux-3.4.0-rc2-vanilla
6739479 1927944 2260992 10928415 a6c11f vmlinux-3.4.0-rc2-lumpyremove-v2
6739159 1927944 2260992 10928095 a6bfdf vmlinux-3.4.0-rc2-nosync-v2
There are behaviour changes in the series and so tests were run with
monitoring of ftrace events. This disrupts results so the performance
results are distorted but the new behaviour should be clearer.
fs-mark running in a threaded configuration showed little of interest as
it did not push reclaim aggressively
FS-Mark Multi Threaded
3.3.0-vanilla rc2-vanilla lumpyremove-v2r3 nosync-v2r3
Files/s min 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%)
Files/s mean 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%)
Files/s stddev 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
Files/s max 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%) 3.20 ( 0.00%)
Overhead min 508667.00 ( 0.00%) 521350.00 (-2.49%) 544292.00 (-7.00%) 547168.00 (-7.57%)
Overhead mean 551185.00 ( 0.00%) 652690.73 (-18.42%) 991208.40 (-79.83%) 570130.53 (-3.44%)
Overhead stddev 18200.69 ( 0.00%) 331958.29 (-1723.88%) 1579579.43 (-8578.68%) 9576.81 (47.38%)
Overhead max 576775.00 ( 0.00%) 1846634.00 (-220.17%) 6901055.00 (-1096.49%) 585675.00 (-1.54%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 309.90 300.95 307.33 298.95
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 319.32 309.67 315.69 307.51
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 1187.85 1193.09 1191.98 1193.73
MMTests Statistics: vmstat
Page Ins 80532 82212 81420 79480
Page Outs 111434984 111456240 111437376 111582628
Swap Ins 0 0 0 0
Swap Outs 0 0 0 0
Direct pages scanned 44881 27889 27453 34843
Kswapd pages scanned 25841428 25860774 25861233 25843212
Kswapd pages reclaimed 25841393 25860741 25861199 25843179
Direct pages reclaimed 44881 27889 27453 34843
Kswapd efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99%
Kswapd velocity 21754.791 21675.460 21696.029 21649.127
Direct efficiency 100% 100% 100% 100%
Direct velocity 37.783 23.375 23.031 29.188
Percentage direct scans 0% 0% 0% 0%
ftrace showed that there was no stalling on writeback or pages submitted
for IO from reclaim context.
postmark was similar and while it was more interesting, it also did not
push reclaim heavily.
POSTMARK
3.3.0-vanilla rc2-vanilla lumpyremove-v2r3 nosync-v2r3
Transactions per second: 16.00 ( 0.00%) 20.00 (25.00%) 18.00 (12.50%) 17.00 ( 6.25%)
Data megabytes read per second: 18.80 ( 0.00%) 24.27 (29.10%) 22.26 (18.40%) 20.54 ( 9.26%)
Data megabytes written per second: 35.83 ( 0.00%) 46.25 (29.08%) 42.42 (18.39%) 39.14 ( 9.24%)
Files created alone per second: 28.00 ( 0.00%) 38.00 (35.71%) 34.00 (21.43%) 30.00 ( 7.14%)
Files create/transact per second: 8.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (25.00%) 9.00 (12.50%) 8.00 ( 0.00%)
Files deleted alone per second: 556.00 ( 0.00%) 1224.00 (120.14%) 3062.00 (450.72%) 6124.00 (1001.44%)
Files delete/transact per second: 8.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (25.00%) 9.00 (12.50%) 8.00 ( 0.00%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 113.34 107.99 109.73 108.72
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 145.51 139.81 143.32 143.55
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 1159.16 899.23 980.17 1062.27
MMTests Statistics: vmstat
Page Ins 13710192 13729032 13727944 13760136
Page Outs 43071140 42987228 42733684 42931624
Swap Ins 0 0 0 0
Swap Outs 0 0 0 0
Direct pages scanned 0 0 0 0
Kswapd pages scanned 99416139937443 9939085 9929154
Kswapd pages reclaimed 9940926 9936751 9938397 9928465
Direct pages reclaimed 0 0 0 0
Kswapd efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99%
Kswapd velocity 8576.567 11051.058 10140.164 9347.109
Direct efficiency 100% 100% 100% 100%
Direct velocity 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
It looks like here that the full series regresses performance but as
ftrace showed no usage of wait_iff_congested() or sync reclaim I am
assuming it's a disruption due to monitoring. Other data such as memory
usage, page IO, swap IO all looked similar.
Running a benchmark with a plain DD showed nothing very interesting.
The full series stalled in wait_iff_congested() slightly less but stall
times on vanilla kernels were marginal.
Running a benchmark that hammered on file-backed mappings showed stalls
due to congestion but not in sync writebacks
MICRO
3.3.0-vanilla rc2-vanilla lumpyremove-v2r3 nosync-v2r3
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 308.13 294.50 298.75 299.53
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 330.45 316.28 318.93 320.79
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 1814.90 1833.88 1821.14 1832.91
MMTests Statistics: vmstat
Page Ins 108712 120708 97224 110344
Page Outs 155514576 156017404 155813676 156193256
Swap Ins 0 0 0 0
Swap Outs 0 0 0 0
Direct pages scanned 2599253 1550480 2512822 2414760
Kswapd pages scanned 69742364 71150694 68839041 69692533
Kswapd pages reclaimed 34824488 34773341 34796602 34799396
Direct pages reclaimed 53693 94750 61792 75205
Kswapd efficiency 49% 48% 50% 49%
Kswapd velocity 38427.662 38797.901 37799.972 38022.889
Direct efficiency 2% 6% 2% 3%
Direct velocity 1432.174 845.464 1379.807 1317.446
Percentage direct scans 3% 2% 3% 3%
Page writes by reclaim 0 0 0 0
Page writes file 0 0 0 0
Page writes anon 0 0 0 0
Page reclaim immediate 0 0 0 1218
Page rescued immediate 0 0 0 0
Slabs scanned 15360 16384 13312 16384
Direct inode steals 0 0 0 0
Kswapd inode steals 4340 4327 1630 4323
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: congestion_wait
Direct number congest waited 0 0 0 0
Direct time congest waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
Direct full congest waited 0 0 0 0
Direct number conditional waited 900 870 754 789
Direct time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 20ms
Direct full conditional waited 0 0 0 0
KSwapd number congest waited 2106 2308 2116 1915
KSwapd time congest waited 139924ms 157832ms 125652ms 132516ms
KSwapd full congest waited 1346 1530 1202 1278
KSwapd number conditional waited 12922 16320 10943 14670
KSwapd time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
KSwapd full conditional waited 0 0 0 0
Reclaim statistics are not radically changed. The stall times in kswapd
are massive but it is clear that it is due to calls to congestion_wait()
and that is almost certainly the call in balance_pgdat(). Otherwise
stalls due to dirty pages are non-existant.
I ran a benchmark that stressed high-order allocation. This is very
artifical load but was used in the past to evaluate lumpy reclaim and
compaction. Generally I look at allocation success rates and latency
figures.
STRESS-HIGHALLOC
3.3.0-vanilla rc2-vanilla lumpyremove-v2r3 nosync-v2r3
Pass 1 81.00 ( 0.00%) 28.00 (-53.00%) 24.00 (-57.00%) 28.00 (-53.00%)
Pass 2 82.00 ( 0.00%) 39.00 (-43.00%) 38.00 (-44.00%) 43.00 (-39.00%)
while Rested 88.00 ( 0.00%) 87.00 (-1.00%) 88.00 ( 0.00%) 88.00 ( 0.00%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 740.93 681.42 685.14 684.87
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 2922.65 3269.52 3281.35 3279.44
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 1161.73 1152.49 1159.55 1161.44
MMTests Statistics: vmstat
Page Ins 4486020 2807256 2855944 2876244
Page Outs 7261600 7973688 7975320 7986120
Swap Ins 31694 0 0 0
Swap Outs 98179 0 0 0
Direct pages scanned 53494 57731 34406 113015
Kswapd pages scanned 6271173 1287481 1278174 1219095
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2029240 1281025 1260708 1201583
Direct pages reclaimed 1468 14564 16649 92456
Kswapd efficiency 32% 99% 98% 98%
Kswapd velocity 5398.133 1117.130 1102.302 1049.641
Direct efficiency 2% 25% 48% 81%
Direct velocity 46.047 50.092 29.672 97.306
Percentage direct scans 0% 4% 2% 8%
Page writes by reclaim 1616049 0 0 0
Page writes file 1517870 0 0 0
Page writes anon 98179 0 0 0
Page reclaim immediate 103778 27339 9796 17831
Page rescued immediate 0 0 0 0
Slabs scanned 1096704 986112 980992 998400
Direct inode steals 223 215040 216736 247881
Kswapd inode steals 175331 61548 68444 63066
Kswapd skipped wait 21991 0 1 0
THP fault alloc 1 135 125 134
THP collapse alloc 393 311 228 236
THP splits 25 13 7 8
THP fault fallback 0 0 0 0
THP collapse fail 3 5 7 7
Compaction stalls 865 1270 1422 1518
Compaction success 370 401 353 383
Compaction failures 495 869 1069 1135
Compaction pages moved 870155 3828868 4036106 4423626
Compaction move failure 26429 23865 29742 27514
Success rates are completely hosed for 3.4-rc2 which is almost certainly
due to commit fe2c2a1066 ("vmscan: reclaim at order 0 when compaction
is enabled"). I expected this would happen for kswapd and impair
allocation success rates (https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/25/166) but I did
not anticipate this much a difference: 80% less scanning, 37% less
reclaim by kswapd
In comparison, reclaim/compaction is not aggressive and gives up easily
which is the intended behaviour. hugetlbfs uses __GFP_REPEAT and would
be much more aggressive about reclaim/compaction than THP allocations
are. The stress test above is allocating like neither THP or hugetlbfs
but is much closer to THP.
Mainline is now impaired in terms of high order allocation under heavy
load although I do not know to what degree as I did not test with
__GFP_REPEAT. Keep this in mind for bugs related to hugepage pool
resizing, THP allocation and high order atomic allocation failures from
network devices.
In terms of congestion throttling, I see the following for this test
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: congestion_wait
Direct number congest waited 3 0 0 0
Direct time congest waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
Direct full congest waited 0 0 0 0
Direct number conditional waited 957 512 1081 1075
Direct time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
Direct full conditional waited 0 0 0 0
KSwapd number congest waited 36 4 3 5
KSwapd time congest waited 3148ms 400ms 300ms 500ms
KSwapd full congest waited 30 4 3 5
KSwapd number conditional waited 88514 197 332 542
KSwapd time conditional waited 4980ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
KSwapd full conditional waited 49 0 0 0
The "conditional waited" times are the most interesting as this is
directly impacted by the number of dirty pages encountered during scan.
As lumpy reclaim is no longer scanning contiguous ranges, it is finding
fewer dirty pages. This brings wait times from about 5 seconds to 0.
kswapd itself is still calling congestion_wait() so it'll still stall but
it's a lot less.
In terms of the type of IO we were doing, I see this
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: mm_vmscan_writepage
Direct writes anon sync 0 0 0 0
Direct writes anon async 0 0 0 0
Direct writes file sync 0 0 0 0
Direct writes file async 0 0 0 0
Direct writes mixed sync 0 0 0 0
Direct writes mixed async 0 0 0 0
KSwapd writes anon sync 0 0 0 0
KSwapd writes anon async 91682 0 0 0
KSwapd writes file sync 0 0 0 0
KSwapd writes file async 822629 0 0 0
KSwapd writes mixed sync 0 0 0 0
KSwapd writes mixed async 0 0 0 0
In 3.2, kswapd was doing a bunch of async writes of pages but
reclaim/compaction was never reaching a point where it was doing sync
IO. This does not guarantee that reclaim/compaction was not calling
wait_on_page_writeback() but I would consider it unlikely. It indicates
that merging patches 2 and 3 to stop reclaim/compaction calling
wait_on_page_writeback() should be safe.
This patch:
Lumpy reclaim had a purpose but in the mind of some, it was to kick the
system so hard it trashed. For others the purpose was to complicate
vmscan.c. Over time it was giving softer shoes and a nicer attitude but
memory compaction needs to step up and replace it so this patch sends
lumpy reclaim to the farm.
The tracepoint format changes for isolating LRU pages with this patch
applied. Furthermore reclaim/compaction can no longer queue dirty pages
in pageout() if the underlying BDI is congested. Lumpy reclaim used
this logic and reclaim/compaction was using it in error.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The swap token code no longer fits in with the current VM model. It
does not play well with cgroups or the better NUMA placement code in
development, since we have only one swap token globally.
It also has the potential to mess with scalability of the system, by
increasing the number of non-reclaimable pages on the active and
inactive anon LRU lists.
Last but not least, the swap token code has been broken for a year
without complaints, as reported by Konstantin Khlebnikov. This suggests
we no longer have much use for it.
The days of sub-1G memory systems with heavy use of swap are over. If
we ever need thrashing reducing code in the future, we will have to
implement something that does scale.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Bob Picco <bpicco@meloft.net>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux
Pull writeback tree from Wu Fengguang:
"Mainly from Jan Kara to avoid iput() in the flusher threads."
* tag 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux:
writeback: Avoid iput() from flusher thread
vfs: Rename end_writeback() to clear_inode()
vfs: Move waiting for inode writeback from end_writeback() to evict_inode()
writeback: Refactor writeback_single_inode()
writeback: Remove wb->list_lock from writeback_single_inode()
writeback: Separate inode requeueing after writeback
writeback: Move I_DIRTY_PAGES handling
writeback: Move requeueing when I_SYNC set to writeback_sb_inodes()
writeback: Move clearing of I_SYNC into inode_sync_complete()
writeback: initialize global_dirty_limit
fs: remove 8 bytes of padding from struct writeback_control on 64 bit builds
mm: page-writeback.c: local functions should not be exposed globally
Pull ext2, ext3 and quota fixes from Jan Kara:
"Interesting bits are:
- removal of a special i_mutex locking subclass (I_MUTEX_QUOTA) since
quota code does not need i_mutex anymore in any unusual way.
- backport (from ext4) of a fix of a checkpointing bug (missing cache
flush) that could lead to fs corruption on power failure
The rest are just random small fixes & cleanups."
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs:
ext2: trivial fix to comment for ext2_free_blocks
ext2: remove the redundant comment for ext2_export_ops
ext3: return 32/64-bit dir name hash according to usage type
quota: Get rid of nested I_MUTEX_QUOTA locking subclass
quota: Use precomputed value of sb_dqopt in dquot_quota_sync
ext2: Remove i_mutex use from ext2_quota_write()
reiserfs: Remove i_mutex use from reiserfs_quota_write()
ext4: Remove i_mutex use from ext4_quota_write()
ext3: Remove i_mutex use from ext3_quota_write()
quota: Fix double lock in add_dquot_ref() with CONFIG_QUOTA_DEBUG
jbd: Write journal superblock with WRITE_FUA after checkpointing
jbd: protect all log tail updates with j_checkpoint_mutex
jbd: Split updating of journal superblock and marking journal empty
ext2: do not register write_super within VFS
ext2: Remove s_dirt handling
ext2: write superblock only once on unmount
ext3: update documentation with barrier=1 default
ext3: remove max_debt in find_group_orlov()
jbd: Refine commit writeout logic
Pull user namespace enhancements from Eric Biederman:
"This is a course correction for the user namespace, so that we can
reach an inexpensive, maintainable, and reasonably complete
implementation.
Highlights:
- Config guards make it impossible to enable the user namespace and
code that has not been converted to be user namespace safe.
- Use of the new kuid_t type ensures the if you somehow get past the
config guards the kernel will encounter type errors if you enable
user namespaces and attempt to compile in code whose permission
checks have not been updated to be user namespace safe.
- All uids from child user namespaces are mapped into the initial
user namespace before they are processed. Removing the need to add
an additional check to see if the user namespace of the compared
uids remains the same.
- With the user namespaces compiled out the performance is as good or
better than it is today.
- For most operations absolutely nothing changes performance or
operationally with the user namespace enabled.
- The worst case performance I could come up with was timing 1
billion cache cold stat operations with the user namespace code
enabled. This went from 156s to 164s on my laptop (or 156ns to
164ns per stat operation).
- (uid_t)-1 and (gid_t)-1 are reserved as an internal error value.
Most uid/gid setting system calls treat these value specially
anyway so attempting to use -1 as a uid would likely cause
entertaining failures in userspace.
- If setuid is called with a uid that can not be mapped setuid fails.
I have looked at sendmail, login, ssh and every other program I
could think of that would call setuid and they all check for and
handle the case where setuid fails.
- If stat or a similar system call is called from a context in which
we can not map a uid we lie and return overflowuid. The LFS
experience suggests not lying and returning an error code might be
better, but the historical precedent with uids is different and I
can not think of anything that would break by lying about a uid we
can't map.
- Capabilities are localized to the current user namespace making it
safe to give the initial user in a user namespace all capabilities.
My git tree covers all of the modifications needed to convert the core
kernel and enough changes to make a system bootable to runlevel 1."
Fix up trivial conflicts due to nearby independent changes in fs/stat.c
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (46 commits)
userns: Silence silly gcc warning.
cred: use correct cred accessor with regards to rcu read lock
userns: Convert the move_pages, and migrate_pages permission checks to use uid_eq
userns: Convert cgroup permission checks to use uid_eq
userns: Convert tmpfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert sysfs to use kgid/kuid where appropriate
userns: Convert sysctl permission checks to use kuid and kgids.
userns: Convert proc to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext4 to user kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext3 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext2 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate.
userns: Convert devpts to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert binary formats to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Add negative depends on entries to avoid building code that is userns unsafe
userns: signal remove unnecessary map_cred_ns
userns: Teach inode_capable to understand inodes whose uids map to other namespaces.
userns: Fail exec for suid and sgid binaries with ids outside our user namespace.
userns: Convert stat to return values mapped from kuids and kgids
userns: Convert user specfied uids and gids in chown into kuids and kgid
userns: Use uid_eq gid_eq helpers when comparing kuids and kgids in the vfs
...
* Implementation of opportunistic suspend (autosleep) and user space interface
for manipulating wakeup sources.
* Hibernate updates from Bojan Smojver and Minho Ban.
* Updates of the runtime PM core and generic PM domains framework related to
PM QoS.
* Assorted fixes.
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Merge tag 'pm-for-3.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
- Implementation of opportunistic suspend (autosleep) and user space
interface for manipulating wakeup sources.
- Hibernate updates from Bojan Smojver and Minho Ban.
- Updates of the runtime PM core and generic PM domains framework
related to PM QoS.
- Assorted fixes.
* tag 'pm-for-3.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (25 commits)
epoll: Fix user space breakage related to EPOLLWAKEUP
PM / Domains: Make it possible to add devices to inactive domains
PM / Hibernate: Use get_gendisk to verify partition if resume_file is integer format
PM / Domains: Fix computation of maximum domain off time
PM / Domains: Fix link checking when add subdomain
PM / Sleep: User space wakeup sources garbage collector Kconfig option
PM / Sleep: Make the limit of user space wakeup sources configurable
PM / Documentation: suspend-and-cpuhotplug.txt: Fix typo
PM / Domains: Cache device stop and domain power off governor results, v3
PM / Domains: Make device removal more straightforward
PM / Sleep: Fix a mistake in a conditional in autosleep_store()
epoll: Add a flag, EPOLLWAKEUP, to prevent suspend while epoll events are ready
PM / QoS: Create device constraints objects on notifier registration
PM / Runtime: Remove device fields related to suspend time, v2
PM / Domains: Rework default domain power off governor function, v2
PM / Domains: Rework default device stop governor function, v2
PM / Sleep: Add user space interface for manipulating wakeup sources, v3
PM / Sleep: Add "prevent autosleep time" statistics to wakeup sources
PM / Sleep: Implement opportunistic sleep, v2
PM / Sleep: Add wakeup_source_activate and wakeup_source_deactivate tracepoints
...
This is the first big chunk for 3.5 merges of sound stuff.
There are a few big changes in different areas. First off, the
streaming logic of USB-audio endpoints has been largely rewritten
for the better support of "implicit feedback". If anything about USB
got broken, this change has to be checked.
For HD-audio, the resume procedure was changed; instead of delaying
the resume of the hardware until the first use, now waking up immediately
at resume. This is for buggy BIOS.
For ASoC, dynamic PCM support and the improved support for digital links
between off-SoC devices are major framework changes.
Some highlights are below:
* HD-audio
- Avoid the accesses of invalid pin-control bits that may stall the codec
- V-ref setup cleanups
- Fix the races in power-saving code
- Fix the races in codec cache hashes and connection lists
- Split some common codes for BIOS auto-parser to hda_auto_parser.c
- Changed the PM resume code to wake up immediately for buggy BIOS
- Creative SoundCore3D support
- Add Conexant CX20751/2/3/4 codec support
* ASoC
- Dynamic PCM support, allowing support for SoCs with internal routing
through components with tight sequencing and formatting constraints
within their internal paths or where there are multiple components
connected with CPU managed DMA controllers inside the SoC.
- Greatly improved support for direct digital links between off-SoC
devices, providing a much simpler way of connecting things like digital
basebands to CODECs.
- Much more fine grained and robust locking, cleaning up some of the
confusion that crept in with multi-component.
- CPU support for nVidia Tegra 30 I2S and audio hub controllers and
ST-Ericsson MSP I2S controolers
- New CODEC drivers for Cirrus CS42L52, LAPIS Semiconductor ML26124, Texas
Instruments LM49453.
- Some regmap changes needed by the Tegra I2S driver.
- mc13783 audio support.
* Misc
- Rewrite with module_pci_driver()
- Xonar DGX support for snd-oxygen
- Improvement of packet handling in snd-firewire driver
- New USB-endpoint streaming logic
- Enhanced M-audio FTU quirks and relevant cleanups
- Increment the support of OSS devices to 256
- snd-aloop accuracy improvement
There are a few more pending changes for 3.5, but they will be
sent slightly later as partly depending on the changes of DRM.
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Merge tag 'sound-3.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound
Pull sound updates from Takashi Iwai:
"This is the first big chunk for 3.5 merges of sound stuff.
There are a few big changes in different areas. First off, the
streaming logic of USB-audio endpoints has been largely rewritten for
the better support of "implicit feedback". If anything about USB got
broken, this change has to be checked.
For HD-audio, the resume procedure was changed; instead of delaying
the resume of the hardware until the first use, now waking up
immediately at resume. This is for buggy BIOS.
For ASoC, dynamic PCM support and the improved support for digital
links between off-SoC devices are major framework changes.
Some highlights are below:
* HD-audio
- Avoid accesses of invalid pin-control bits that may stall the codec
- V-ref setup cleanups
- Fix the races in power-saving code
- Fix the races in codec cache hashes and connection lists
- Split some common codes for BIOS auto-parser to hda_auto_parser.c
- Changed the PM resume code to wake up immediately for buggy BIOS
- Creative SoundCore3D support
- Add Conexant CX20751/2/3/4 codec support
* ASoC
- Dynamic PCM support, allowing support for SoCs with internal
routing through components with tight sequencing and formatting
constraints within their internal paths or where there are multiple
components connected with CPU managed DMA controllers inside the
SoC.
- Greatly improved support for direct digital links between off-SoC
devices, providing a much simpler way of connecting things like
digital basebands to CODECs.
- Much more fine grained and robust locking, cleaning up some of the
confusion that crept in with multi-component.
- CPU support for nVidia Tegra 30 I2S and audio hub controllers and
ST-Ericsson MSP I2S controolers
- New CODEC drivers for Cirrus CS42L52, LAPIS Semiconductor ML26124,
Texas Instruments LM49453.
- Some regmap changes needed by the Tegra I2S driver.
- mc13783 audio support.
* Misc
- Rewrite with module_pci_driver()
- Xonar DGX support for snd-oxygen
- Improvement of packet handling in snd-firewire driver
- New USB-endpoint streaming logic
- Enhanced M-audio FTU quirks and relevant cleanups
- Increment the support of OSS devices to 256
- snd-aloop accuracy improvement
There are a few more pending changes for 3.5, but they will be sent
slightly later as partly depending on the changes of DRM."
Fix up conflicts in regmap (due to duplicate patches, with some further
updates then having already come in from the regmap tree). Also some
fairly trivial context conflicts in the imx and mcx soc drivers.
* tag 'sound-3.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound: (280 commits)
ALSA: snd-usb: fix stream info output in /proc
ALSA: pcm - Add proper state checks to snd_pcm_drain()
ALSA: sh: Fix up namespace collision in sh_dac_audio.
ALSA: hda/realtek - Fix unused variable compile warning
ASoC: sh: fsi: enable chip specific data transfer mode
ASoC: sh: fsi: call fsi_hw_startup/shutdown from fsi_dai_trigger()
ASoC: sh: fsi: use same format for IN/OUT
ASoC: sh: fsi: add fsi_version() and removed meaningless version check
ASoC: sh: fsi: use register field macro name on IN/OUT_DMAC
ASoC: tegra: Add machine driver for WM8753 codec
ALSA: hda - Fix possible races of accesses to connection list array
ASoC: OMAP: HDMI: Introduce codec
ARM: mx31_3ds: Add sound support
ASoC: imx-mc13783 cleanup
mx31moboard: Add sound support
ASoC: mc13783 codec cleanups
ASoC: add imx-mc13783 sound support
ASoC: Add mc13783 codec
mfd: mc13xxx: add codec platform data
ASoC: don't flip master of DT-instantiated DAI links
...
Pull trivial updates from Jiri Kosina:
"As usual, it's mostly typo fixes, redundant code elimination and some
documentation updates."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (57 commits)
edac, mips: don't change code that has been removed in edac/mips tree
xtensa: Change mail addresses of Hannes Weiner and Oskar Schirmer
lib: Change mail address of Oskar Schirmer
net: Change mail address of Oskar Schirmer
arm/m68k: Change mail address of Sebastian Hess
i2c: Change mail address of Oskar Schirmer
net: Fix tcp_build_and_update_options comment in struct tcp_sock
atomic64_32.h: fix parameter naming mismatch
Kconfig: replace "--- help ---" with "---help---"
c2port: fix bogus Kconfig "default no"
edac: Fix spelling errors.
qla1280: Remove redundant NULL check before release_firmware() call
remoteproc: remove redundant NULL check before release_firmware()
qla2xxx: Remove redundant NULL check before release_firmware() call.
aic94xx: Get rid of redundant NULL check before release_firmware() call
tehuti: delete redundant NULL check before release_firmware()
qlogic: get rid of a redundant test for NULL before call to release_firmware()
bna: remove redundant NULL test before release_firmware()
tg3: remove redundant NULL test before release_firmware() call
typhoon: get rid of redundant conditional before all to release_firmware()
...
If journal superblock is written only in disk's caches and other transaction
starts reusing space of the transaction cleaned from the log, it can happen
blocks of a new transaction reach the disk before journal superblock. When
power failure happens in such case, subsequent journal replay would still try
to replay the old transaction but some of it's blocks may be already
overwritten by the new transaction. For this reason we must use WRITE_FUA when
updating log tail and we must first write new log tail to disk and update
in-memory information only after that.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
There are three case of updating journal superblock. In the first case, we want
to mark journal as empty (setting s_sequence to 0), in the second case we want
to update log tail, in the third case we want to update s_errno. Split these
cases into separate functions. It makes the code slightly more straightforward
and later patches will make the distinction even more important.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
The current RCU_FAST_NO_HZ assumes that timers do not migrate unless a
CPU goes offline, in which case it assumes that the CPU will have to come
out of dyntick-idle mode (cancelling the timer) in order to go offline.
This is important because when RCU_FAST_NO_HZ permits a CPU to enter
dyntick-idle mode despite having RCU callbacks pending, it posts a timer
on that CPU to force a wakeup on that CPU. This wakeup ensures that the
CPU will eventually handle the end of the grace period, including invoking
its RCU callbacks.
However, Pascal Chapperon's test setup shows that the timer handler
rcu_idle_gp_timer_func() really does get invoked in some cases. This is
problematic because this can cause the CPU that entered dyntick-idle
mode despite still having RCU callbacks pending to remain in
dyntick-idle mode indefinitely, which means that its RCU callbacks might
never be invoked. This situation can result in grace-period delays or
even system hangs, which matches Pascal's observations of slow boot-up
and shutdown (https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/5/142). See also the bugzilla:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=806548
This commit therefore causes the "should never be invoked" timer handler
rcu_idle_gp_timer_func() to use smp_call_function_single() to wake up
the CPU for which the timer was intended, allowing that CPU to invoke
its RCU callbacks in a timely manner.
Reported-by: Pascal Chapperon <pascal.chapperon@wanadoo.fr>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When writeback_single_inode() is called on inode which has I_SYNC already
set while doing WB_SYNC_NONE, inode is moved to b_more_io list. However
this makes sense only if the caller is flusher thread. For other callers of
writeback_single_inode() it doesn't really make sense and may be even wrong
- flusher thread may be doing WB_SYNC_ALL writeback in parallel.
So we move requeueing from writeback_single_inode() to writeback_sb_inodes().
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Add tracepoints to wakeup_source_activate and wakeup_source_deactivate.
Useful for checking that specific wakeup sources overlap as expected.
Signed-off-by: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Traces of rcu_prep_idle events can be confusing because
rcu_cleanup_after_idle() does no tracing. This commit therefore adds
this tracing.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fixes the following build warning on x86_64.
In file included from include/trace/ftrace.h:567:0,
from include/trace/define_trace.h:86,
from include/trace/events/asoc.h:410,
from sound/soc/soc-core.c:45:
include/trace/events/asoc.h: In function 'ftrace_raw_event_snd_soc_dapm_output_path':
include/trace/events/asoc.h:246:1: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast]
include/trace/events/asoc.h: In function 'ftrace_raw_event_snd_soc_dapm_input_path':
include/trace/events/asoc.h:275:1: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast]
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lrg@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
In preparation for ASoC DSP support.
Add a DAPM API call to determine whether a DAPM audio path is valid between
source and sink widgets. This also takes into account all kcontrol mux and mixer
settings in between the source and sink widgets to validate the audio path.
This will be used by the DSP core to determine the runtime DAI mappings
between FE and BE DAIs in order to run PCM operations.
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lrg@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Currently we write out all journal buffers in WRITE_SYNC mode. This improves
performance for fsync heavy workloads but hinders performance when writes
are mostly asynchronous, most noticably it slows down readers and users
complain about slow desktop response etc.
So submit writes as asynchronous in the normal case and only submit writes as
WRITE_SYNC if we detect someone is waiting for current transaction commit.
I've gathered some numbers to back this change. The first is the read latency
test. It measures time to read 1 MB after several seconds of sleeping in
presence of streaming writes.
Top 10 times (out of 90) in us:
Before After
2131586 697473
1709932 557487
1564598 535642
1480462 347573
1478579 323153
1408496 222181
1388960 181273
1329565 181070
1252486 172832
1223265 172278
Average:
619377 82180
So the improvement in both maximum and average latency is massive.
I've measured fsync throughput by:
fs_mark -n 100 -t 1 -s 16384 -d /mnt/fsync/ -S 1 -L 4
in presence of streaming reader. The numbers (fsyncs/s) are:
Before After
9.9 6.3
6.8 6.0
6.3 6.2
5.8 6.1
So fsync performance seems unharmed by this change.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
workqueue_execute_end() is called after the callback function,
not before.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
1. TRACE_EVENT(sched_process_exec) forgets to actually use the
old pid argument, it sets ->old_pid = p->pid.
2. search_binary_handler() uses the wrong pid number. tracepoint
needs the global pid_t from the root namespace, while old_pid
is the virtual pid number as it seen by the tracer/parent.
With this patch we have two pid_t's in search_binary_handler(),
not really nice. Perhaps we should switch to "struct pid*", but
in this case it would be better to cleanup the current code
first and move the "depth == 0" code outside.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Smith <dsmith@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120330162636.GA4857@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull btrfs fixes and features from Chris Mason:
"We've merged in the error handling patches from SuSE. These are
already shipping in the sles kernel, and they give btrfs the ability
to abort transactions and go readonly on errors. It involves a lot of
churn as they clarify BUG_ONs, and remove the ones we now properly
deal with.
Josef reworked the way our metadata interacts with the page cache.
page->private now points to the btrfs extent_buffer object, which
makes everything faster. He changed it so we write an whole extent
buffer at a time instead of allowing individual pages to go down,,
which will be important for the raid5/6 code (for the 3.5 merge
window ;)
Josef also made us more aggressive about dropping pages for metadata
blocks that were freed due to COW. Overall, our metadata caching is
much faster now.
We've integrated my patch for metadata bigger than the page size.
This allows metadata blocks up to 64KB in size. In practice 16K and
32K seem to work best. For workloads with lots of metadata, this cuts
down the size of the extent allocation tree dramatically and fragments
much less.
Scrub was updated to support the larger block sizes, which ended up
being a fairly large change (thanks Stefan Behrens).
We also have an assortment of fixes and updates, especially to the
balancing code (Ilya Dryomov), the back ref walker (Jan Schmidt) and
the defragging code (Liu Bo)."
Fixed up trivial conflicts in fs/btrfs/scrub.c that were just due to
removal of the second argument to k[un]map_atomic() in commit
7ac687d9e0.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/linux-btrfs: (75 commits)
Btrfs: update the checks for mixed block groups with big metadata blocks
Btrfs: update to the right index of defragment
Btrfs: do not bother to defrag an extent if it is a big real extent
Btrfs: add a check to decide if we should defrag the range
Btrfs: fix recursive defragment with autodefrag option
Btrfs: fix the mismatch of page->mapping
Btrfs: fix race between direct io and autodefrag
Btrfs: fix deadlock during allocating chunks
Btrfs: show useful info in space reservation tracepoint
Btrfs: don't use crc items bigger than 4KB
Btrfs: flush out and clean up any block device pages during mount
btrfs: disallow unequal data/metadata blocksize for mixed block groups
Btrfs: enhance superblock sanity checks
Btrfs: change scrub to support big blocks
Btrfs: minor cleanup in scrub
Btrfs: introduce common define for max number of mirrors
Btrfs: fix infinite loop in btrfs_shrink_device()
Btrfs: fix memory leak in resolver code
Btrfs: allow dup for data chunks in mixed mode
Btrfs: validate target profiles only if we are going to use them
...
The changes to export dirty_writeback_interval are from Artem's s_dirt
cleanup patch series. The same is true of the change to remove the
s_dirt helper functions which never got used by anyone in-tree. I've
run these changes by Al Viro, and am carrying them so that Artem can
more easily fix up the rest of the file systems during the next merge
window. (Originally we had hopped to remove the use of s_dirt from
ext4 during this merge window, but his patches had some bugs, so I
ultimately ended dropping them from the ext4 tree.)
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates for 3.4 from Ted Ts'o:
"Ext4 commits for 3.3 merge window; mostly cleanups and bug fixes
The changes to export dirty_writeback_interval are from Artem's s_dirt
cleanup patch series. The same is true of the change to remove the
s_dirt helper functions which never got used by anyone in-tree. I've
run these changes by Al Viro, and am carrying them so that Artem can
more easily fix up the rest of the file systems during the next merge
window. (Originally we had hopped to remove the use of s_dirt from
ext4 during this merge window, but his patches had some bugs, so I
ultimately ended dropping them from the ext4 tree.)"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (66 commits)
vfs: remove unused superblock helpers
mm: export dirty_writeback_interval
ext4: remove useless s_dirt assignment
ext4: write superblock only once on unmount
ext4: do not mark superblock as dirty unnecessarily
ext4: correct ext4_punch_hole return codes
ext4: remove restrictive checks for EOFBLOCKS_FL
ext4: always set then trimmed blocks count into len
ext4: fix trimmed block count accunting
ext4: fix start and len arguments handling in ext4_trim_fs()
ext4: update s_free_{inodes,blocks}_count during online resize
ext4: change some printk() calls to use ext4_msg() instead
ext4: avoid output message interleaving in ext4_error_<foo>()
ext4: remove trailing newlines from ext4_msg() and ext4_error() messages
ext4: add no_printk argument validation, fix fallout
ext4: remove redundant "EXT4-fs: " from uses of ext4_msg
ext4: give more helpful error message in ext4_ext_rm_leaf()
ext4: remove unused code from ext4_ext_map_blocks()
ext4: rewrite punch hole to use ext4_ext_remove_space()
jbd2: cleanup journal tail after transaction commit
...
"[RFC PATCH 0/2] audit of linux/device.h users in include/*"
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/3/4/159
--
Nearly every subsystem has some kind of header with a proto like:
void foo(struct device *dev);
and yet there is no reason for most of these guys to care about the
sub fields within the device struct. This allows us to significantly
reduce the scope of headers including headers. For this instance, a
reduction of about 40% is achieved by replacing the include with the
simple fact that the device is some kind of a struct.
Unlike the much larger module.h cleanup, this one is simply two
commits. One to fix the implicit <linux/device.h> users, and then
one to delete the device.h includes from the linux/include/ dir
wherever possible.
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Merge tag 'device-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux
Pull <linux/device.h> avoidance patches from Paul Gortmaker:
"Nearly every subsystem has some kind of header with a proto like:
void foo(struct device *dev);
and yet there is no reason for most of these guys to care about the
sub fields within the device struct. This allows us to significantly
reduce the scope of headers including headers. For this instance, a
reduction of about 40% is achieved by replacing the include with the
simple fact that the device is some kind of a struct.
Unlike the much larger module.h cleanup, this one is simply two
commits. One to fix the implicit <linux/device.h> users, and then one
to delete the device.h includes from the linux/include/ dir wherever
possible."
* tag 'device-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux:
device.h: audit and cleanup users in main include dir
device.h: cleanup users outside of linux/include (C files)
New features include:
- Add NFS client support for containers.
This should enable most of the necessary functionality, including
lockd support, and support for rpc.statd, NFSv4 idmapper and
RPCSEC_GSS upcalls into the correct network namespace from
which the mount system call was issued.
- NFSv4 idmapper scalability improvements
Base the idmapper cache on the keyring interface to allow concurrent
access to idmapper entries. Start the process of migrating users from
the single-threaded daemon-based approach to the multi-threaded
request-key based approach.
- NFSv4.1 implementation id.
Allows the NFSv4.1 client and server to mutually identify each other
for logging and debugging purposes.
- Support the 'vers=4.1' mount option for mounting NFSv4.1 instead of
having to use the more counterintuitive 'vers=4,minorversion=1'.
- SUNRPC tracepoints.
Start the process of adding tracepoints in order to improve debugging
of the RPC layer.
- pNFS object layout support for autologin.
Important bugfixes include:
- Fix a bug in rpc_wake_up/rpc_wake_up_status that caused them to fail
to wake up all tasks when applied to priority waitqueues.
- Ensure that we handle read delegations correctly, when we try to
truncate a file.
- A number of fixes for NFSv4 state manager loops (mostly to do with
delegation recovery).
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Merge tag 'nfs-for-3.4-1' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs
Pull NFS client updates for Linux 3.4 from Trond Myklebust:
"New features include:
- Add NFS client support for containers.
This should enable most of the necessary functionality, including
lockd support, and support for rpc.statd, NFSv4 idmapper and
RPCSEC_GSS upcalls into the correct network namespace from which
the mount system call was issued.
- NFSv4 idmapper scalability improvements
Base the idmapper cache on the keyring interface to allow
concurrent access to idmapper entries. Start the process of
migrating users from the single-threaded daemon-based approach to
the multi-threaded request-key based approach.
- NFSv4.1 implementation id.
Allows the NFSv4.1 client and server to mutually identify each
other for logging and debugging purposes.
- Support the 'vers=4.1' mount option for mounting NFSv4.1 instead of
having to use the more counterintuitive 'vers=4,minorversion=1'.
- SUNRPC tracepoints.
Start the process of adding tracepoints in order to improve
debugging of the RPC layer.
- pNFS object layout support for autologin.
Important bugfixes include:
- Fix a bug in rpc_wake_up/rpc_wake_up_status that caused them to
fail to wake up all tasks when applied to priority waitqueues.
- Ensure that we handle read delegations correctly, when we try to
truncate a file.
- A number of fixes for NFSv4 state manager loops (mostly to do with
delegation recovery)."
* tag 'nfs-for-3.4-1' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs: (224 commits)
NFS: fix sb->s_id in nfs debug prints
xprtrdma: Remove assumption that each segment is <= PAGE_SIZE
xprtrdma: The transport should not bug-check when a dup reply is received
pnfs-obj: autologin: Add support for protocol autologin
NFS: Remove nfs4_setup_sequence from generic rename code
NFS: Remove nfs4_setup_sequence from generic unlink code
NFS: Remove nfs4_setup_sequence from generic read code
NFS: Remove nfs4_setup_sequence from generic write code
NFS: Fix more NFS debug related build warnings
SUNRPC/LOCKD: Fix build warnings when CONFIG_SUNRPC_DEBUG is undefined
nfs: non void functions must return a value
SUNRPC: Kill compiler warning when RPC_DEBUG is unset
SUNRPC/NFS: Add Kbuild dependencies for NFS_DEBUG/RPC_DEBUG
NFS: Use cond_resched_lock() to reduce latencies in the commit scans
NFSv4: It is not safe to dereference lsp->ls_state in release_lockowner
NFS: ncommit count is being double decremented
SUNRPC: We must not use list_for_each_entry_safe() in rpc_wake_up()
Try using machine credentials for RENEW calls
NFSv4.1: Fix a few issues in filelayout_commit_pagelist
NFSv4.1: Clean ups and bugfixes for the pNFS read/writeback/commit code
...
seeing a trickle of new features coming in they're getting much smaller
than they were. It's also nice to have some features which support
other subsystems building infrastructure on top of regmap. Highlights
include:
- Support for padding between the register and the value when
interacting with the device, sometimes needed for fast interfaces.
- Support for applying register updates to the device when restoring the
register state. This is intended to be used to apply updates supplied by
manufacturers for tuning the performance of the device (many of which
are to undocumented registers which aren't otherwise covered).
- Support for multi-register operations on cached registers.
- Support for syncing only part of the register cache.
- Stubs and parameter query functions intended to make it easier for other
subsystems to build infrastructure on top of the regmap API.
plus a few driver updates making use of the new features which it was
easier to merge via this tree.
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Merge tag 'regmap-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/regmap
Pull regmap updates from Mark Brown:
"Things are really quieting down with the regmap API, while we're still
seeing a trickle of new features coming in they're getting much
smaller than they were. It's also nice to have some features which
support other subsystems building infrastructure on top of regmap.
Highlights include:
- Support for padding between the register and the value when
interacting with the device, sometimes needed for fast interfaces.
- Support for applying register updates to the device when restoring
the register state. This is intended to be used to apply updates
supplied by manufacturers for tuning the performance of the device
(many of which are to undocumented registers which aren't otherwise
covered).
- Support for multi-register operations on cached registers.
- Support for syncing only part of the register cache.
- Stubs and parameter query functions intended to make it easier for
other subsystems to build infrastructure on top of the regmap API.
plus a few driver updates making use of the new features which it was
easier to merge via this tree."
* tag 'regmap-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/regmap: (41 commits)
regmap: Fix future missing prototype of devres_alloc() and friends
regmap: Rejig struct declarations for stubbed API
regmap: Fix rbtree block base in sync
regcache: Make sure we sync register 0 in an rbtree cache
regmap: delete unused module.h from drivers/base/regmap files
regmap: Add stub for regcache_sync_region()
mfd: Improve performance of later WM1811 revisions
regmap: Fix x86_64 breakage
regmap: Allow drivers to sync only part of the register cache
regmap: Supply ranges to the sync operations
regmap: Add tracepoints for cache only and cache bypass
regmap: Mark the cache as clean after a successful sync
regmap: Remove default cache sync implementation
regmap: Skip hardware defaults for LZO caches
regmap: Expose the driver name in debugfs
mfd: wm8400: Convert to devm_regmap_init_i2c()
mfd: wm831x: Convert to devm_regmap_init()
mfd: wm8994: Convert to devm_regmap_init()
mfd/ASoC: Convert WM8994 driver to use regmap patches
mfd: Add __devinit and __devexit annotations in wm8994
...
Pull trivial tree from Jiri Kosina:
"It's indeed trivial -- mostly documentation updates and a bunch of
typo fixes from Masanari.
There are also several linux/version.h include removals from Jesper."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (101 commits)
kcore: fix spelling in read_kcore() comment
constify struct pci_dev * in obvious cases
Revert "char: Fix typo in viotape.c"
init: fix wording error in mm_init comment
usb: gadget: Kconfig: fix typo for 'different'
Revert "power, max8998: Include linux/module.h just once in drivers/power/max8998_charger.c"
writeback: fix fn name in writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle() comment header
writeback: fix typo in the writeback_control comment
Documentation: Fix multiple typo in Documentation
tpm_tis: fix tis_lock with respect to RCU
Revert "media: Fix typo in mixer_drv.c and hdmi_drv.c"
Doc: Update numastat.txt
qla4xxx: Add missing spaces to error messages
compiler.h: Fix typo
security: struct security_operations kerneldoc fix
Documentation: broken URL in libata.tmpl
Documentation: broken URL in filesystems.tmpl
mtd: simplify return logic in do_map_probe()
mm: fix comment typo of truncate_inode_pages_range
power: bq27x00: Fix typos in comment
...
Pull perf events changes for v3.4 from Ingo Molnar:
- New "hardware based branch profiling" feature both on the kernel and
the tooling side, on CPUs that support it. (modern x86 Intel CPUs
with the 'LBR' hardware feature currently.)
This new feature is basically a sophisticated 'magnifying glass' for
branch execution - something that is pretty difficult to extract from
regular, function histogram centric profiles.
The simplest mode is activated via 'perf record -b', and the result
looks like this in perf report:
$ perf record -b any_call,u -e cycles:u branchy
$ perf report -b --sort=symbol
52.34% [.] main [.] f1
24.04% [.] f1 [.] f3
23.60% [.] f1 [.] f2
0.01% [k] _IO_new_file_xsputn [k] _IO_file_overflow
0.01% [k] _IO_vfprintf_internal [k] _IO_new_file_xsputn
0.01% [k] _IO_vfprintf_internal [k] strchrnul
0.01% [k] __printf [k] _IO_vfprintf_internal
0.01% [k] main [k] __printf
This output shows from/to branch columns and shows the highest
percentage (from,to) jump combinations - i.e. the most likely taken
branches in the system. "branches" can also include function calls
and any other synchronous and asynchronous transitions of the
instruction pointer that are not 'next instruction' - such as system
calls, traps, interrupts, etc.
This feature comes with (hopefully intuitive) flat ascii and TUI
support in perf report.
- Various 'perf annotate' visual improvements for us assembly junkies.
It will now recognize function calls in the TUI and by hitting enter
you can follow the call (recursively) and back, amongst other
improvements.
- Multiple threads/processes recording support in perf record, perf
stat, perf top - which is activated via a comma-list of PIDs:
perf top -p 21483,21485
perf stat -p 21483,21485 -ddd
perf record -p 21483,21485
- Support for per UID views, via the --uid paramter to perf top, perf
report, etc. For example 'perf top --uid mingo' will only show the
tasks that I am running, excluding other users, root, etc.
- Jump label restructurings and improvements - this includes the
factoring out of the (hopefully much clearer) include/linux/static_key.h
generic facility:
struct static_key key = STATIC_KEY_INIT_FALSE;
...
if (static_key_false(&key))
do unlikely code
else
do likely code
...
static_key_slow_inc();
...
static_key_slow_inc();
...
The static_key_false() branch will be generated into the code with as
little impact to the likely code path as possible. the
static_key_slow_*() APIs flip the branch via live kernel code patching.
This facility can now be used more widely within the kernel to
micro-optimize hot branches whose likelihood matches the static-key
usage and fast/slow cost patterns.
- SW function tracer improvements: perf support and filtering support.
- Various hardenings of the perf.data ABI, to make older perf.data's
smoother on newer tool versions, to make new features integrate more
smoothly, to support cross-endian recording/analyzing workflows
better, etc.
- Restructuring of the kprobes code, the splitting out of 'optprobes',
and a corner case bugfix.
- Allow the tracing of kernel console output (printk).
- Improvements/fixes to user-space RDPMC support, allowing user-space
self-profiling code to extract PMU counts without performing any
system calls, while playing nice with the kernel side.
- 'perf bench' improvements
- ... and lots of internal restructurings, cleanups and fixes that made
these features possible. And, as usual this list is incomplete as
there were also lots of other improvements
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (120 commits)
perf report: Fix annotate double quit issue in branch view mode
perf report: Remove duplicate annotate choice in branch view mode
perf/x86: Prettify pmu config literals
perf report: Enable TUI in branch view mode
perf report: Auto-detect branch stack sampling mode
perf record: Add HEADER_BRANCH_STACK tag
perf record: Provide default branch stack sampling mode option
perf tools: Make perf able to read files from older ABIs
perf tools: Fix ABI compatibility bug in print_event_desc()
perf tools: Enable reading of perf.data files from different ABI rev
perf: Add ABI reference sizes
perf report: Add support for taken branch sampling
perf record: Add support for sampling taken branch
perf tools: Add code to support PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
x86/kprobes: Split out optprobe related code to kprobes-opt.c
x86/kprobes: Fix a bug which can modify kernel code permanently
x86/kprobes: Fix instruction recovery on optimized path
perf: Add callback to flush branch_stack on context switch
perf: Disable PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_* when not supported
perf/x86: Add LBR software filter support for Intel CPUs
...
The <linux/device.h> header includes a lot of stuff, and
it in turn gets a lot of use just for the basic "struct device"
which appears so often.
Clean up the users as follows:
1) For those headers only needing "struct device" as a pointer
in fcn args, replace the include with exactly that.
2) For headers not really using anything from device.h, simply
delete the include altogether.
3) For headers relying on getting device.h implicitly before
being included themselves, now explicitly include device.h
4) For files in which doing #1 or #2 uncovers an implicit
dependency on some other header, fix by explicitly adding
the required header(s).
Any C files that were implicitly relying on device.h to be
present have already been dealt with in advance.
Total removals from #1 and #2: 51. Total additions coming
from #3: 9. Total other implicit dependencies from #4: 7.
As of 3.3-rc1, there were 110, so a net removal of 42 gives
about a 38% reduction in device.h presence in include/*
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
When we reach jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail(), there is no guarantee that
checkpointed buffers are on a stable storage - especially if buffers were
written out by jbd2_log_do_checkpoint(), they are likely to be only in disk's
caches. Thus when we update journal superblock effectively removing old
transaction from journal, this write of superblock can get to stable storage
before those checkpointed buffers which can result in filesystem corruption
after a crash. Thus we must unconditionally issue a cache flush before we
update journal superblock in these cases.
A similar problem can also occur if journal superblock is written only in
disk's caches, other transaction starts reusing space of the transaction
cleaned from the log and power failure happens. Subsequent journal replay would
still try to replay the old transaction but some of it's blocks may be already
overwritten by the new transaction. For this reason we must use WRITE_FUA when
updating log tail and we must first write new log tail to disk and update
in-memory information only after that.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
There are three case of updating journal superblock. In the first case, we want
to mark journal as empty (setting s_sequence to 0), in the second case we want
to update log tail, in the third case we want to update s_errno. Split these
cases into separate functions. It makes the code slightly more straightforward
and later patches will make the distinction even more important.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The major features of this series are:
- making RCU more aggressive about entering dyntick-idle mode in order to
improve energy efficiency
- converting a few more call_rcu()s to kfree_rcu()s
- applying a number of rcutree fixes and cleanups to rcutiny
- removing CONFIG_SMP #ifdefs from treercu
- allowing RCU CPU stall times to be set via sysfs
- adding CPU-stall capability to rcutorture
- adding more RCU-abuse diagnostics
- updating documentation
- fixing yet more issues located by the still-ongoing top-to-bottom
inspection of RCU, this time with a special focus on the
CPU-hotplug code path.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Added a minimal exec tracepoint. Exec is an important major event
in the life of a task, like fork(), clone() or exit(), all of
which we already trace.
[ We also do scheduling re-balancing during exec() - so it's useful
from a scheduler instrumentation POV as well. ]
If you want to watch a task start up, when it gets exec'ed is a good place
to start. With the addition of this tracepoint, exec's can be monitored
and better picture of general system activity can be obtained. This
tracepoint will also enable better process life tracking, allowing you to
answer questions like "what process keeps starting up binary X?".
This tracepoint can also be useful in ftrace filtering and trigger
conditions: i.e. starting or stopping filtering when exec is called.
Signed-off-by: David Smith <dsmith@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4F314D19.7030504@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Commit 1ac9bc69 ("sched/tracing: Add a new tracepoint for sleeptime")
added a new sched:sched_stat_sleeptime tracepoint.
It's broken: the first sample we get on a task might be bad because
of a stale sleep_start value that wasn't reset at the last task switch
because the tracepoint was not active.
It also breaks the existing schedstat samples due to the side
effects of:
- se->statistics.sleep_start = 0;
...
- se->statistics.block_start = 0;
Nor do I see means to fix it without adding overhead to the scheduler
fast path, which I'm not willing to for the sake of redundant
instrumentation.
Most importantly, sleep time information can already be constructed
by tracing context switches and wakeups, and taking the timestamp
difference between the schedule-out, the wakeup and the schedule-in.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-pc4c9qhl8q6vg3bs4j6k0rbd@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
When CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ is enabled, RCU will allow a given CPU to
enter dyntick-idle mode even if it still has RCU callbacks queued.
RCU avoids system hangs in this case by scheduling a timer for several
jiffies in the future. However, if all of the callbacks on that CPU
are from kfree_rcu(), there is no reason to wake the CPU up, as it is
not a problem to defer freeing of memory.
This commit therefore tracks the number of callbacks on a given CPU
that are from kfree_rcu(), and avoids scheduling the timer if all of
a given CPU's callbacks are from kfree_rcu().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This patch adds trace_jbd2_drop_transaction and
trace_jbd2_update_superblock_end because there are similar tracepoints
in jbd and they are needed in jbd2 as well.
Reviewed-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Add a printk.console trace point to record any printk
messages into the trace, regardless of the current
console loglevel. This can help correlate (existing)
printk debugging with other tracing.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1322161388.5366.54.camel@jlt3.sipsolutions.net
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The power and cpuidle tracepoints are called within a rcu_idle_exit()
section, and must be denoted with the _rcuidle() version of the tracepoint.
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
This patch adds three trace points to the status routines
in the sunrpc state machine.
The goal of these trace points is to give an Admin
the ability to check on binding status or connection
status to see if there is a potential problem.
Signed-off-by: Steve Dickson <steved@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The reporting of the RPC queue name needs to use the __string()
event interface.
Reported-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
When a SD card is hot removed without umount, del_gendisk() will call
bdi_unregister() without destroying/freeing it. This leaves the bdi in
the bdi->dev = NULL, bdi->wb.task = NULL, bdi->bdi_list removed state.
When sync(2) gets the bdi before bdi_unregister() and calls
bdi_queue_work() after the unregister, trace_writeback_queue will be
dereferencing the NULL bdi->dev. Fix it with a simple test for NULL.
LKML-reference: http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/18/346
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Reported-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
Tested-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
The code is not going to be removed, so remove the comment stating
that it will be.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
bdi_prune_sb() resets sb->s_bdi to default_backing_dev_info when the
tearing down the original bdi. Fix trace_writeback_single_inode to
use sb->s_bdi=default_backing_dev_info rather than bdi->dev=NULL for a
teared down bdi.
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
Tested-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/linux-btrfs: (62 commits)
Btrfs: use larger system chunks
Btrfs: add a delalloc mutex to inodes for delalloc reservations
Btrfs: space leak tracepoints
Btrfs: protect orphan block rsv with spin_lock
Btrfs: add allocator tracepoints
Btrfs: don't call btrfs_throttle in file write
Btrfs: release space on error in page_mkwrite
Btrfs: fix btrfsck error 400 when truncating a compressed
Btrfs: do not use btrfs_end_transaction_throttle everywhere
Btrfs: add balance progress reporting
Btrfs: allow for resuming restriper after it was paused
Btrfs: allow for canceling restriper
Btrfs: allow for pausing restriper
Btrfs: add skip_balance mount option
Btrfs: recover balance on mount
Btrfs: save balance parameters to disk
Btrfs: soft profile changing mode (aka soft convert)
Btrfs: implement online profile changing
Btrfs: do not reduce profile in do_chunk_alloc()
Btrfs: virtual address space subset filter
...
Fix up trivial conflict in fs/btrfs/ioctl.c due to the use of the new
mnt_drop_write_file() helper.
This in addition to a script in my btrfs-tracing tree will help track down space
leaks when we're getting space left over in block groups on umount. Thanks,
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
I used these tracepoints when figuring out what the cluster stuff was doing, so
add them to mainline in case we need to profile this stuff again. Thanks,
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
__send_signal()->trace_signal_generate() doesn't report enough info.
The users want to know was the signal actually delivered or not, and
they also need the shared/private info.
The patch moves trace_signal_generate() at the end of __send_signal()
and adds the 2 additional arguments.
This also allows us to kill trace_signal_overflow_fail/lose_info, we
can simply add the appropriate TRACE_SIGNAL_ "result" codes.
Reported-by: Seiji Aguchi <saguchi@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
In trace_mm_vmscan_lru_isolate(), we don't output 'file' information to
the trace event and it is a bit inconvenient for the user to get the
real information(like pasted below). mm_vmscan_lru_isolate:
isolate_mode=2 order=0 nr_requested=32 nr_scanned=32 nr_taken=32
contig_taken=0 contig_dirty=0 contig_failed=0
'active' can be obtained by analyzing mode(Thanks go to Minchan and
Mel), So this patch adds 'file' to the trace event and it now looks
like: mm_vmscan_lru_isolate: isolate_mode=2 order=0 nr_requested=32
nr_scanned=32 nr_taken=32 contig_taken=0 contig_dirty=0 contig_failed=0
file=0
Signed-off-by: Tao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrew elucidates:
- First installmeant of MM. We have a HUGE number of MM patches this
time. It's crazy.
- MAINTAINERS updates
- backlight updates
- leds
- checkpatch updates
- misc ELF stuff
- rtc updates
- reiserfs
- procfs
- some misc other bits
* akpm: (124 commits)
user namespace: make signal.c respect user namespaces
workqueue: make alloc_workqueue() take printf fmt and args for name
procfs: add hidepid= and gid= mount options
procfs: parse mount options
procfs: introduce the /proc/<pid>/map_files/ directory
procfs: make proc_get_link to use dentry instead of inode
signal: add block_sigmask() for adding sigmask to current->blocked
sparc: make SA_NOMASK a synonym of SA_NODEFER
reiserfs: don't lock root inode searching
reiserfs: don't lock journal_init()
reiserfs: delay reiserfs lock until journal initialization
reiserfs: delete comments referring to the BKL
drivers/rtc/interface.c: fix alarm rollover when day or month is out-of-range
drivers/rtc/rtc-twl.c: add DT support for RTC inside twl4030/twl6030
drivers/rtc/: remove redundant spi driver bus initialization
drivers/rtc/rtc-jz4740.c: make jz4740_rtc_driver static
drivers/rtc/rtc-mc13xxx.c: make mc13xxx_rtc_idtable static
rtc: convert drivers/rtc/* to use module_platform_driver()
drivers/rtc/rtc-wm831x.c: convert to devm_kzalloc()
drivers/rtc/rtc-wm831x.c: remove unused period IRQ handler
...
oom_score_adj is used for guarding processes from OOM-Killer. One of
problem is that it's inherited at fork(). When a daemon set oom_score_adj
and make children, it's hard to know where the value is set.
This patch adds some tracepoints useful for debugging. This patch adds
3 trace points.
- creating new task
- renaming a task (exec)
- set oom_score_adj
To debug, users need to enable some trace pointer. Maybe filtering is useful as
# EVENT=/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/task/
# echo "oom_score_adj != 0" > $EVENT/task_newtask/filter
# echo "oom_score_adj != 0" > $EVENT/task_rename/filter
# echo 1 > $EVENT/enable
# EVENT=/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/oom/
# echo 1 > $EVENT/enable
output will be like this.
# grep oom /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace
bash-7699 [007] d..3 5140.744510: oom_score_adj_update: pid=7699 comm=bash oom_score_adj=-1000
bash-7699 [007] ...1 5151.818022: task_newtask: pid=7729 comm=bash clone_flags=1200011 oom_score_adj=-1000
ls-7729 [003] ...2 5151.818504: task_rename: pid=7729 oldcomm=bash newcomm=ls oom_score_adj=-1000
bash-7699 [002] ...1 5175.701468: task_newtask: pid=7730 comm=bash clone_flags=1200011 oom_score_adj=-1000
grep-7730 [007] ...2 5175.701993: task_rename: pid=7730 oldcomm=bash newcomm=grep oom_score_adj=-1000
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rename mm_page_free_direct into mm_page_free and mm_pagevec_free into
mm_page_free_batched
Since v2.6.33-5426-gc475dab the kernel triggers mm_page_free_direct for
all freed pages, not only for directly freed. So, let's name it properly.
For pages freed via page-list we also trigger mm_page_free_batched event.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/regmap: (36 commits)
mfd: Clearing events requires event registers to be writable for da9052-core
mfd: Fix annotations in da9052-core
gpiolib: Mark da9052 driver broken
mfd: Declare da9052_regmap_config for the bus drivers
MFD: DA9052/53 MFD core module add SPI support v2
MFD: DA9052/53 MFD core module
regmap: Add irq_base accessor to regmap_irq
regmap: Allow drivers to reinitialise the register cache at runtime
regmap: Add trace event for successful cache reads
regmap: Allow regmap_update_bits() users to detect changes
regmap: Report if we actually handled an interrupt in regmap-irq
regmap: Fix rbtreee build when not using debugfs
regmap: Provide debugfs dump of the rbtree cache data
regmap: Do debugfs init before cache init
regmap: Suppress noop writes in regmap_update_bits()
regmap: Remove indexed cache type
regmap: Drop check whether a register is readable in regcache_read
regmap: Properly round cache_word_size
regmap: Add support for 10/14 register formating
regmap: Try cached read before checking if a hardware read is possible
...
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (40 commits)
sched/tracing: Add a new tracepoint for sleeptime
sched: Disable scheduler warnings during oopses
sched: Fix cgroup movement of waking process
sched: Fix cgroup movement of newly created process
sched: Fix cgroup movement of forking process
sched: Remove cfs bandwidth period check in tg_set_cfs_period()
sched: Fix load-balance lock-breaking
sched: Replace all_pinned with a generic flags field
sched: Only queue remote wakeups when crossing cache boundaries
sched: Add missing rcu_dereference() around ->real_parent usage
[S390] fix cputime overflow in uptime_proc_show
[S390] cputime: add sparse checking and cleanup
sched: Mark parent and real_parent as __rcu
sched, nohz: Fix missing RCU read lock
sched, nohz: Set the NOHZ_BALANCE_KICK flag for idle load balancer
sched, nohz: Fix the idle cpu check in nohz_idle_balance
sched: Use jump_labels for sched_feat
sched/accounting: Fix parameter passing in task_group_account_field
sched/accounting: Fix user/system tick double accounting
sched/accounting: Re-use scheduler statistics for the root cgroup
...
Fix up conflicts in
- arch/ia64/include/asm/cputime.h, include/asm-generic/cputime.h
usecs_to_cputime64() vs the sparse cleanups
- kernel/sched/fair.c, kernel/time/tick-sched.c
scheduler changes in multiple branches
* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (64 commits)
cpu: Export cpu_up()
rcu: Apply ACCESS_ONCE() to rcu_boost() return value
Revert "rcu: Permit rt_mutex_unlock() with irqs disabled"
docs: Additional LWN links to RCU API
rcu: Augment rcu_batch_end tracing for idle and callback state
rcu: Add rcutorture tests for srcu_read_lock_raw()
rcu: Make rcutorture test for hotpluggability before offlining CPUs
driver-core/cpu: Expose hotpluggability to the rest of the kernel
rcu: Remove redundant rcu_cpu_stall_suppress declaration
rcu: Adaptive dyntick-idle preparation
rcu: Keep invoking callbacks if CPU otherwise idle
rcu: Irq nesting is always 0 on rcu_enter_idle_common
rcu: Don't check irq nesting from rcu idle entry/exit
rcu: Permit dyntick-idle with callbacks pending
rcu: Document same-context read-side constraints
rcu: Identify dyntick-idle CPUs on first force_quiescent_state() pass
rcu: Remove dynticks false positives and RCU failures
rcu: Reduce latency of rcu_prepare_for_idle()
rcu: Eliminate RCU_FAST_NO_HZ grace-period hang
rcu: Avoid needlessly IPIing CPUs at GP end
...
If CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS is defined, the kernel maintains
information about how long the task was sleeping or
in the case of iowait, blocking in the kernel before
getting woken up.
This will be useful for sleep time profiling.
Note: this information is only provided for sched_fair.
Other scheduling classes may choose to provide this in
the future.
Note: the delay includes the time spent on the runqueue
as well.
Signed-off-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1324512940-32060-2-git-send-email-asharma@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
pa_inode in group_pa is set NULL in ext4_mb_new_group_pa, so
pa_inode should be not referenced.
Reported-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Compensate the task's think time when computing the final pause time,
so that ->dirty_ratelimit can be executed accurately.
think time := time spend outside of balance_dirty_pages()
In the rare case that the task slept longer than the 200ms period time
(result in negative pause time), the sleep time will be compensated in
the following periods, too, if it's less than 1 second.
Accumulated errors are carefully avoided as long as the max pause area
is not hitted.
Pseudo code:
period = pages_dirtied / task_ratelimit;
think = jiffies - dirty_paused_when;
pause = period - think;
1) normal case: period > think
pause = period - think
dirty_paused_when = jiffies + pause
nr_dirtied = 0
period time
|===============================>|
think time pause time
|===============>|==============>|
------|----------------|---------------|------------------------
dirty_paused_when jiffies
2) no pause case: period <= think
don't pause; reduce future pause time by:
dirty_paused_when += period
nr_dirtied = 0
period time
|===============================>|
think time
|===================================================>|
------|--------------------------------+-------------------|----
dirty_paused_when jiffies
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
This makes the binary trace understandable by trace-cmd.
CC: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
CC: Curt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
CC: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
The current rcu_batch_end event trace records only the name of the RCU
flavor and the total number of callbacks that remain queued on the
current CPU. This is insufficient for testing and tuning the new
dyntick-idle RCU_FAST_NO_HZ code, so this commit adds idle state along
with whether or not any of the callbacks that were ready to invoke
at the beginning of rcu_do_batch() are still queued.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current implementation of RCU_FAST_NO_HZ prevents CPUs from entering
dyntick-idle state if they have RCU callbacks pending. Unfortunately,
this has the side-effect of often preventing them from entering this
state, especially if at least one other CPU is not in dyntick-idle state.
However, the resulting per-tick wakeup is wasteful in many cases: if the
CPU has already fully responded to the current RCU grace period, there
will be nothing for it to do until this grace period ends, which will
frequently take several jiffies.
This commit therefore permits a CPU that has done everything that the
current grace period has asked of it (rcu_pending() == 0) even if it
still as RCU callbacks pending. However, such a CPU posts a timer to
wake it up several jiffies later (6 jiffies, based on experience with
grace-period lengths). This wakeup is required to handle situations
that can result in all CPUs being in dyntick-idle mode, thus failing
to ever complete the current grace period. If a CPU wakes up before
the timer goes off, then it cancels that timer, thus avoiding spurious
wakeups.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
With the new implementation of RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, it was possible to hang
RCU grace periods as follows:
o CPU 0 attempts to go idle, cycles several times through the
rcu_prepare_for_idle() loop, then goes dyntick-idle when
RCU needs nothing more from it, while still having at least
on RCU callback pending.
o CPU 1 goes idle with no callbacks.
Both CPUs can then stay in dyntick-idle mode indefinitely, preventing
the RCU grace period from ever completing, possibly hanging the system.
This commit therefore prevents CPUs that have RCU callbacks from entering
dyntick-idle mode. This approach also eliminates the need for the
end-of-grace-period IPIs used previously.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds trace_rcu_prep_idle(), which is invoked from
rcu_prepare_for_idle() and rcu_wake_cpu() to trace attempts on
the part of RCU to force CPUs into dyntick-idle mode.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit updates the trace_rcu_dyntick() header comment to reflect
events added by commit 4b4f421.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The trace_rcu_dyntick() trace event did not print both the old and
the new value of the nesting level, and furthermore printed only
the low-order 32 bits of it. This could result in some confusion
when interpreting trace-event dumps, so this commit prints both
the old and the new value, prints the full 64 bits, and also selects
the process-entry/exit increment to print nicely in hexadecimal.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Trace the rcutorture RCU accesses and dump the trace buffer when the
first failure is detected.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Earlier versions of RCU used the scheduling-clock tick to detect idleness
by checking for the idle task, but handled idleness differently for
CONFIG_NO_HZ=y. But there are now a number of uses of RCU read-side
critical sections in the idle task, for example, for tracing. A more
fine-grained detection of idleness is therefore required.
This commit presses the old dyntick-idle code into full-time service,
so that rcu_idle_enter(), previously known as rcu_enter_nohz(), is
always invoked at the beginning of an idle loop iteration. Similarly,
rcu_idle_exit(), previously known as rcu_exit_nohz(), is always invoked
at the end of an idle-loop iteration. This allows the idle task to
use RCU everywhere except between consecutive rcu_idle_enter() and
rcu_idle_exit() calls, in turn allowing architecture maintainers to
specify exactly where in the idle loop that RCU may be used.
Because some of the userspace upcall uses can result in what looks
to RCU like half of an interrupt, it is not possible to expect that
the irq_enter() and irq_exit() hooks will give exact counts. This
patch therefore expands the ->dynticks_nesting counter to 64 bits
and uses two separate bitfields to count process/idle transitions
and interrupt entry/exit transitions. It is presumed that userspace
upcalls do not happen in the idle loop or from usermode execution
(though usermode might do a system call that results in an upcall).
The counter is hard-reset on each process/idle transition, which
avoids the interrupt entry/exit error from accumulating. Overflow
is avoided by the 64-bitness of the ->dyntick_nesting counter.
This commit also adds warnings if a non-idle task asks RCU to enter
idle state (and these checks will need some adjustment before applying
Frederic's OS-jitter patches (http://lkml.org/lkml/2011/10/7/246).
In addition, validation of ->dynticks and ->dynticks_nesting is added.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This tracepoint shows how long a task is sleeping in uninterruptible state.
E.g. it may show how long and where a mutex is waited for.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1322471015-107825-8-git-send-email-avagin@openvz.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Currently we only trace physical reads, there's no instrumentation if
the read is satisfied from cache.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
* 'modsplit-Oct31_2011' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux: (230 commits)
Revert "tracing: Include module.h in define_trace.h"
irq: don't put module.h into irq.h for tracking irqgen modules.
bluetooth: macroize two small inlines to avoid module.h
ip_vs.h: fix implicit use of module_get/module_put from module.h
nf_conntrack.h: fix up fallout from implicit moduleparam.h presence
include: replace linux/module.h with "struct module" wherever possible
include: convert various register fcns to macros to avoid include chaining
crypto.h: remove unused crypto_tfm_alg_modname() inline
uwb.h: fix implicit use of asm/page.h for PAGE_SIZE
pm_runtime.h: explicitly requires notifier.h
linux/dmaengine.h: fix implicit use of bitmap.h and asm/page.h
miscdevice.h: fix up implicit use of lists and types
stop_machine.h: fix implicit use of smp.h for smp_processor_id
of: fix implicit use of errno.h in include/linux/of.h
of_platform.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
acpi: remove module.h include from platform/aclinux.h
miscdevice.h: delete unnecessary inclusion of module.h
device_cgroup.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
net: sch_generic remove redundant use of <linux/module.h>
net: inet_timewait_sock doesnt need <linux/module.h>
...
Fix up trivial conflicts (other header files, and removal of the ab3550 mfd driver) in
- drivers/media/dvb/frontends/dibx000_common.c
- drivers/media/video/{mt9m111.c,ov6650.c}
- drivers/mfd/ab3550-core.c
- include/linux/dmaengine.h
* 'writeback-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux:
writeback: Add a 'reason' to wb_writeback_work
writeback: send work item to queue_io, move_expired_inodes
writeback: trace event balance_dirty_pages
writeback: trace event bdi_dirty_ratelimit
writeback: fix ppc compile warnings on do_div(long long, unsigned long)
writeback: per-bdi background threshold
writeback: dirty position control - bdi reserve area
writeback: control dirty pause time
writeback: limit max dirty pause time
writeback: IO-less balance_dirty_pages()
writeback: per task dirty rate limit
writeback: stabilize bdi->dirty_ratelimit
writeback: dirty rate control
writeback: add bg_threshold parameter to __bdi_update_bandwidth()
writeback: dirty position control
writeback: account per-bdi accumulated dirtied pages
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (97 commits)
jbd2: Unify log messages in jbd2 code
jbd/jbd2: validate sb->s_first in journal_get_superblock()
ext4: let ext4_ext_rm_leaf work with EXT_DEBUG defined
ext4: fix a syntax error in ext4_ext_insert_extent when debugging enabled
ext4: fix a typo in struct ext4_allocation_context
ext4: Don't normalize an falloc request if it can fit in 1 extent.
ext4: remove comments about extent mount option in ext4_new_inode()
ext4: let ext4_discard_partial_buffers handle unaligned range correctly
ext4: return ENOMEM if find_or_create_pages fails
ext4: move vars to local scope in ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers_no_lock()
ext4: Create helper function for EXT4_IO_END_UNWRITTEN and i_aiodio_unwritten
ext4: optimize locking for end_io extent conversion
ext4: remove unnecessary call to waitqueue_active()
ext4: Use correct locking for ext4_end_io_nolock()
ext4: fix race in xattr block allocation path
ext4: trace punch_hole correctly in ext4_ext_map_blocks
ext4: clean up AGGRESSIVE_TEST code
ext4: move variables to their scope
ext4: fix quota accounting during migration
ext4: migrate cleanup
...
Change ISOLATE_XXX macro with bitwise isolate_mode_t type. Normally,
macro isn't recommended as it's type-unsafe and making debugging harder as
symbol cannot be passed throught to the debugger.
Quote from Johannes
" Hmm, it would probably be cleaner to fully convert the isolation mode
into independent flags. INACTIVE, ACTIVE, BOTH is currently a
tri-state among flags, which is a bit ugly."
This patch moves isolate mode from swap.h to mmzone.h by memcontrol.h
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The <linux/module.h> pretty much brings in the kitchen sink along
with it, so it should be avoided wherever reasonably possible in
terms of being included from other commonly used <linux/something.h>
files, as it results in a measureable increase on compile times.
The worst culprit was probably device.h since it is used everywhere.
This file also had an implicit dependency/usage of mutex.h which was
masked by module.h, and is also fixed here at the same time.
There are over a dozen other headers that simply declare the
struct instead of pulling in the whole file, so follow their lead
and simply make it a few more.
Most of the implicit dependencies on module.h being present by
these headers pulling it in have been now weeded out, so we can
finally make this change with hopefully minimal breakage.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
This creates a new 'reason' field in a wb_writeback_work
structure, which unambiguously identifies who initiates
writeback activity. A 'wb_reason' enumeration has been
added to writeback.h, to enumerate the possible reasons.
The 'writeback_work_class' and tracepoint event class and
'writeback_queue_io' tracepoints are updated to include the
symbolic 'reason' in all trace events.
And the 'writeback_inodes_sbXXX' family of routines has had
a wb_stats parameter added to them, so callers can specify
why writeback is being started.
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Curt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Instead of sending ->older_than_this to queue_io() and
move_expired_inodes(), send the entire wb_writeback_work
structure. There are other fields of a work item that are
useful in these routines and in tracepoints.
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Curt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Useful for analyzing the dynamics of the throttling algorithms and
debugging user reported problems.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound: (549 commits)
ALSA: hda - Fix ADC input-amp handling for Cx20549 codec
ALSA: hda - Keep EAPD turned on for old Conexant chips
ALSA: hda/realtek - Fix missing volume controls with ALC260
ASoC: wm8940: Properly set codec->dapm.bias_level
ALSA: hda - Fix pin-config for ASUS W90V
ALSA: hda - Fix surround/CLFE headphone and speaker pins order
ALSA: hda - Fix typo
ALSA: Update the sound git tree URL
ALSA: HDA: Add new revision for ALC662
ASoC: max98095: Convert codec->hw_write to snd_soc_write
ASoC: keep pointer to resource so it can be freed
ASoC: sgtl5000: Fix wrong mask in some snd_soc_update_bits calls
ASoC: wm8996: Fix wrong mask for setting WM8996_AIF_CLOCKING_2
ASoC: da7210: Add support for line out and DAC
ASoC: da7210: Add support for DAPM
ALSA: hda/realtek - Fix DAC assignments of multiple speakers
ASoC: Use SGTL5000_LINREG_VDDD_MASK instead of hardcoded mask value
ASoC: Set sgtl5000->ldo in ldo_regulator_register
ASoC: wm8996: Use SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT for AIF2 Capture
ASoC: wm8994: Use SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT for AIF3 Capture
...
This patch introduces a fast path in ext4_ext_convert_to_initialized()
for the case when the conversion can be performed by transferring
the newly initialized blocks from the uninitialized extent into
an adjacent initialized extent. Doing so removes the expensive
invocations of memmove() which occur during extent insertion and
the subsequent merge.
In practice this should be the common case for clients performing
append writes into files pre-allocated via
fallocate(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE). In such a workload performed via
direct IO and when using a suboptimal implementation of memmove()
(x86_64 prior to the 2.6.39 rewrite), this patch reduces kernel CPU
consumption by 32%.
Two new trace points are added to ext4_ext_convert_to_initialized()
to offer visibility into its operations. No exit trace point has
been added due to the multiplicity of return points. This can be
revisited once the upstream cleanup is backported.
Signed-off-by: Eric Gouriou <egouriou@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (46 commits)
llist: Add back llist_add_batch() and llist_del_first() prototypes
sched: Don't use tasklist_lock for debug prints
sched: Warn on rt throttling
sched: Unify the ->cpus_allowed mask copy
sched: Wrap scheduler p->cpus_allowed access
sched: Request for idle balance during nohz idle load balance
sched: Use resched IPI to kick off the nohz idle balance
sched: Fix idle_cpu()
llist: Remove cpu_relax() usage in cmpxchg loops
sched: Convert to struct llist
llist: Add llist_next()
irq_work: Use llist in the struct irq_work logic
llist: Return whether list is empty before adding in llist_add()
llist: Move cpu_relax() to after the cmpxchg()
llist: Remove the platform-dependent NMI checks
llist: Make some llist functions inline
sched, tracing: Show PREEMPT_ACTIVE state in trace_sched_switch
sched: Remove redundant test in check_preempt_tick()
sched: Add documentation for bandwidth control
sched: Return unused runtime on group dequeue
...
* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (45 commits)
rcu: Move propagation of ->completed from rcu_start_gp() to rcu_report_qs_rsp()
rcu: Remove rcu_needs_cpu_flush() to avoid false quiescent states
rcu: Wire up RCU_BOOST_PRIO for rcutree
rcu: Make rcu_torture_boost() exit loops at end of test
rcu: Make rcu_torture_fqs() exit loops at end of test
rcu: Permit rt_mutex_unlock() with irqs disabled
rcu: Avoid having just-onlined CPU resched itself when RCU is idle
rcu: Suppress NMI backtraces when stall ends before dump
rcu: Prohibit grace periods during early boot
rcu: Simplify unboosting checks
rcu: Prevent early boot set_need_resched() from __rcu_pending()
rcu: Dump local stack if cannot dump all CPUs' stacks
rcu: Move __rcu_read_unlock()'s barrier() within if-statement
rcu: Improve rcu_assign_pointer() and RCU_INIT_POINTER() documentation
rcu: Make rcu_assign_pointer() unconditionally insert a memory barrier
rcu: Make rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs() locals be correct size
rcu: Eliminate in_irq() checks in rcu_enter_nohz()
nohz: Remove nohz_cpu_mask
rcu: Document interpretation of RCU-lockdep splats
rcu: Allow rcutorture's stat_interval parameter to be changed at runtime
...
* 'for-linus' of git://github.com/ericvh/linux:
9p: fix 9p.txt to advertise msize instead of maxdata
net/9p: Convert net/9p protocol dumps to tracepoints
fs/9p: change an int to unsigned int
fs/9p: Cleanup option parsing in 9p
9p: move dereference after NULL check
fs/9p: inode file operation is properly initialized init_special_inode
fs/9p: Update zero-copy implementation in 9p
* 'pm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (63 commits)
PM / Clocks: Remove redundant NULL checks before kfree()
PM / Documentation: Update docs about suspend and CPU hotplug
ACPI / PM: Add Sony VGN-FW21E to nonvs blacklist.
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A4R support (v4)
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A3SP support (v4)
PM / Sleep: Mark devices involved in wakeup signaling during suspend
PM / Hibernate: Improve performance of LZO/plain hibernation, checksum image
PM / Hibernate: Do not initialize static and extern variables to 0
PM / Freezer: Make fake_signal_wake_up() wake TASK_KILLABLE tasks too
PM / Hibernate: Add resumedelay kernel param in addition to resumewait
MAINTAINERS: Update linux-pm list address
PM / ACPI: Blacklist Vaio VGN-FW520F machine known to require acpi_sleep=nonvs
PM / ACPI: Blacklist Sony Vaio known to require acpi_sleep=nonvs
PM / Hibernate: Add resumewait param to support MMC-like devices as resume file
PM / Hibernate: Fix typo in a kerneldoc comment
PM / Hibernate: Freeze kernel threads after preallocating memory
PM: Update the policy on default wakeup settings
PM / VT: Cleanup #if defined uglyness and fix compile error
PM / Suspend: Off by one in pm_suspend()
PM / Hibernate: Include storage keys in hibernation image on s390
...
* 'for-linus' of git://opensource.wolfsonmicro.com/regmap: (62 commits)
mfd: Enable rbtree cache for wm831x devices
regmap: Support some block operations on cached devices
regmap: Allow caches for devices with no defaults
regmap: Ensure rbtree syncs registers set to zero properly
regmap: Allow rbtree to cache zero default values
regmap: Warn on raw I/O as well as bulk reads that bypass cache
regmap: Return a sensible error code if we fail to read the cache
regmap: Use bsearch() to search the register defaults
regmap: Fix doc comment
regmap: Optimize the lookup path to use binary search
regmap: Ensure we scream if we enable cache bypass/only at the same time
regmap: Implement regcache_cache_bypass helper function
regmap: Save/restore the bypass state upon syncing
regmap: Lock the sync path, ensure we use the lockless _regmap_write()
regmap: Fix apostrophe usage
regmap: Make _regmap_write() global
regmap: Fix lock used for regcache_cache_only()
regmap: Grab the lock in regcache_cache_only()
regmap: Modify map->cache_bypass directly
regmap: Fix regcache_sync generic implementation
...
* pm-runtime:
PM / Tracing: build rpm-traces.c only if CONFIG_PM_RUNTIME is set
PM / Runtime: Replace dev_dbg() with trace_rpm_*()
PM / Runtime: Introduce trace points for tracing rpm_* functions
PM / Runtime: Don't run callbacks under lock for power.irq_safe set
USB: Add wakeup info to debugging messages
PM / Runtime: pm_runtime_idle() can be called in atomic context
PM / Runtime: Add macro to test for runtime PM events
PM / Runtime: Add might_sleep() to runtime PM functions
As proposed by Chris, Dave and Jan, don't start foreground writeback IO
inside balance_dirty_pages(). Instead, simply let it idle sleep for some
time to throttle the dirtying task. In the mean while, kick off the
per-bdi flusher thread to do background writeback IO.
RATIONALS
=========
- disk seeks on concurrent writeback of multiple inodes (Dave Chinner)
If every thread doing writes and being throttled start foreground
writeback, it leads to N IO submitters from at least N different
inodes at the same time, end up with N different sets of IO being
issued with potentially zero locality to each other, resulting in
much lower elevator sort/merge efficiency and hence we seek the disk
all over the place to service the different sets of IO.
OTOH, if there is only one submission thread, it doesn't jump between
inodes in the same way when congestion clears - it keeps writing to
the same inode, resulting in large related chunks of sequential IOs
being issued to the disk. This is more efficient than the above
foreground writeback because the elevator works better and the disk
seeks less.
- lock contention and cache bouncing on concurrent IO submitters (Dave Chinner)
With this patchset, the fs_mark benchmark on a 12-drive software RAID0 goes
from CPU bound to IO bound, freeing "3-4 CPUs worth of spinlock contention".
* "CPU usage has dropped by ~55%", "it certainly appears that most of
the CPU time saving comes from the removal of contention on the
inode_wb_list_lock" (IMHO at least 10% comes from the reduction of
cacheline bouncing, because the new code is able to call much less
frequently into balance_dirty_pages() and hence access the global
page states)
* the user space "App overhead" is reduced by 20%, by avoiding the
cacheline pollution by the complex writeback code path
* "for a ~5% throughput reduction", "the number of write IOs have
dropped by ~25%", and the elapsed time reduced from 41:42.17 to
40:53.23.
* On a simple test of 100 dd, it reduces the CPU %system time from 30% to 3%,
and improves IO throughput from 38MB/s to 42MB/s.
- IO size too small for fast arrays and too large for slow USB sticks
The write_chunk used by current balance_dirty_pages() cannot be
directly set to some large value (eg. 128MB) for better IO efficiency.
Because it could lead to more than 1 second user perceivable stalls.
Even the current 4MB write size may be too large for slow USB sticks.
The fact that balance_dirty_pages() starts IO on itself couples the
IO size to wait time, which makes it hard to do suitable IO size while
keeping the wait time under control.
Now it's possible to increase writeback chunk size proportional to the
disk bandwidth. In a simple test of 50 dd's on XFS, 1-HDD, 3GB ram,
the larger writeback size dramatically reduces the seek count to 1/10
(far beyond my expectation) and improves the write throughput by 24%.
- long block time in balance_dirty_pages() hurts desktop responsiveness
Many of us may have the experience: it often takes a couple of seconds
or even long time to stop a heavy writing dd/cp/tar command with
Ctrl-C or "kill -9".
- IO pipeline broken by bumpy write() progress
There are a broad class of "loop {read(buf); write(buf);}" applications
whose read() pipeline will be under-utilized or even come to a stop if
the write()s have long latencies _or_ don't progress in a constant rate.
The current threshold based throttling inherently transfers the large
low level IO completion fluctuations to bumpy application write()s,
and further deteriorates with increasing number of dirtiers and/or bdi's.
For example, when doing 50 dd's + 1 remote rsync to an XFS partition,
the rsync progresses very bumpy in legacy kernel, and throughput is
improved by 67% by this patchset. (plus the larger write chunk size,
it will be 93% speedup).
The new rate based throttling can support 1000+ dd's with excellent
smoothness, low latency and low overheads.
For the above reasons, it's much better to do IO-less and low latency
pauses in balance_dirty_pages().
Jan Kara, Dave Chinner and me explored the scheme to let
balance_dirty_pages() wait for enough writeback IO completions to
safeguard the dirty limit. However it's found to have two problems:
- in large NUMA systems, the per-cpu counters may have big accounting
errors, leading to big throttle wait time and jitters.
- NFS may kill large amount of unstable pages with one single COMMIT.
Because NFS server serves COMMIT with expensive fsync() IOs, it is
desirable to delay and reduce the number of COMMITs. So it's not
likely to optimize away such kind of bursty IO completions, and the
resulted large (and tiny) stall times in IO completion based throttling.
So here is a pause time oriented approach, which tries to control the
pause time in each balance_dirty_pages() invocations, by controlling
the number of pages dirtied before calling balance_dirty_pages(), for
smooth and efficient dirty throttling:
- avoid useless (eg. zero pause time) balance_dirty_pages() calls
- avoid too small pause time (less than 4ms, which burns CPU power)
- avoid too large pause time (more than 200ms, which hurts responsiveness)
- avoid big fluctuations of pause times
It can control pause times at will. The default policy (in a followup
patch) will be to do ~10ms pauses in 1-dd case, and increase to ~100ms
in 1000-dd case.
BEHAVIOR CHANGE
===============
(1) dirty threshold
Users will notice that the applications will get throttled once crossing
the global (background + dirty)/2=15% threshold, and then balanced around
17.5%. Before patch, the behavior is to just throttle it at 20% dirtyable
memory in 1-dd case.
Since the task will be soft throttled earlier than before, it may be
perceived by end users as performance "slow down" if his application
happens to dirty more than 15% dirtyable memory.
(2) smoothness/responsiveness
Users will notice a more responsive system during heavy writeback.
"killall dd" will take effect instantly.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Add trace events to record grace-period start and end, quiescent states,
CPUs noticing grace-period start and end, grace-period initialization,
call_rcu() invocation, tasks blocking in RCU read-side critical sections,
tasks exiting those same critical sections, force_quiescent_state()
detection of dyntick-idle and offline CPUs, CPUs entering and leaving
dyntick-idle mode (except from NMIs), CPUs coming online and going
offline, and CPUs being kicked for staying in dyntick-idle mode for too
long (as in many weeks, even on 32-bit systems).
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: Add the rcu flavor to callback trace events
The earlier trace events for registering RCU callbacks and for invoking
them did not include the RCU flavor (rcu_bh, rcu_preempt, or rcu_sched).
This commit adds the RCU flavor to those trace events.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Add event-trace markers to TREE_RCU kthreads to allow including these
kthread's CPU time in the utilization calculations.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Add a string to the rcu_batch_start() and rcu_batch_end() trace
messages that indicates the RCU type ("rcu_sched", "rcu_bh", or
"rcu_preempt"). The trace messages for the actual invocations
themselves are not marked, as it should be clear from the
rcu_batch_start() and rcu_batch_end() events before and after.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds the trace_rcu_utilization() marker that is to be
used to allow postprocessing scripts compute RCU's CPU utilization,
give or take event-trace overhead. Note that we do not include RCU's
dyntick-idle interface because event tracing requires RCU protection,
which is not available in dyntick-idle mode.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
There was recently some controversy about the overhead of invoking RCU
callbacks. Add TRACE_EVENT()s to obtain fine-grained timings for the
start and stop of a batch of callbacks and also for each callback invoked.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This patch introduces 3 trace points to prepare for tracing
rpm_idle/rpm_suspend/rpm_resume functions, so we can use these
trace points to replace the current dev_dbg().
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
We had need to see the difference between scheduling a runnable task and
a runnable task being involuntarily preempted.
No app should rely on the old string output (the binary
trace event record format is not changed).
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1316164603.10174.11.camel@twins
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The number of times we look at a potentially connected neighbour is just
as important as the number of times we actually recurse into looking at
that neighbour so also collect that statistic.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
One of the longest standing areas for improvement in ASoC has been the
DAPM algorithm - it repeats the same checks many times whenever it is run
and makes no effort to limit the areas of the graph it checks meaning we
do an awful lot of walks over the full graph. This has never mattered too
much as the size of the graph has generally been small in relation to the
size of the devices supported and the speed of CPUs but it is annoying.
In preparation for work on improving this insert a trace point after the
graph walk has been done. This gives us specific timing information for
the walk, and in order to give quantifiable (non-benchmark) numbers also
count every time we check a link or check the power for a widget and report
those numbers. Substantial changes in the algorithm may require tweaks to
the stats but they should be useful for simpler things.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
This patch adds some tracepoints in ext4/extents.c and updates a tracepoint in
ext4/inode.c.
Tested: Built and ran the kernel and verified that these tracepoints work.
Also ran xfstests.
Signed-off-by: Aditya Kali <adityakali@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Save inode->dirtied_when in the raw trace output for reliable scripting,
and to also show in formatted output the relative age in seconds for
easy human reading.
CC: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (23 commits)
Revert "cfq: Remove special treatment for metadata rqs."
block: fix flush machinery for stacking drivers with differring flush flags
block: improve rq_affinity placement
blktrace: add FLUSH/FUA support
Move some REQ flags to the common bio/request area
allow blk_flush_policy to return REQ_FSEQ_DATA independent of *FLUSH
xen/blkback: Make description more obvious.
cfq-iosched: Add documentation about idling
block: Make rq_affinity = 1 work as expected
block: swim3: fix unterminated of_device_id table
block/genhd.c: remove useless cast in diskstats_show()
drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c: relax check on dvd manufacturer value
drivers/block/drbd/drbd_nl.c: use bitmap_parse instead of __bitmap_parse
bsg-lib: add module.h include
cfq-iosched: Reduce linked group count upon group destruction
blk-throttle: correctly determine sync bio
loop: fix deadlock when sysfs and LOOP_CLR_FD race against each other
loop: add BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT=%i to allow distros 0 pre-allocated loop devices
loop: add management interface for on-demand device allocation
loop: replace linked list of allocated devices with an idr index
...
Add FLUSH/FUA support to blktrace. As FLUSH precedes WRITE and/or
FUA follows WRITE, use the same 'F' flag for both cases and
distinguish them by their (relative) position. The end results
look like (other flags might be shown also):
- WRITE: W
- WRITE_FLUSH: FW
- WRITE_FUA: WF
- WRITE_FLUSH_FUA: FWF
Note that we reuse TC_BARRIER due to lack of bit space of act_mask
so that the older versions of blktrace tools will report flush
requests as barriers from now on.
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
x86_64 warns as size_t is not an int.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Trace single register reads and writes, plus start/stop tracepoints for
the actual I/O to see where we're spending time. This makes it easy to
have always on logging without overwhelming the logs and also lets us take
advantage of all the context and time information that the trace subsystem
collects for us.
We don't currently trace register values for bulk operations as this would
add complexity and overhead parsing the cooked data that's being worked
with.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (60 commits)
ext4: prevent memory leaks from ext4_mb_init_backend() on error path
ext4: use EXT4_BAD_INO for buddy cache to avoid colliding with valid inode #
ext4: use ext4_msg() instead of printk in mballoc
ext4: use ext4_kvzalloc()/ext4_kvmalloc() for s_group_desc and s_group_info
ext4: introduce ext4_kvmalloc(), ext4_kzalloc(), and ext4_kvfree()
ext4: use the correct error exit path in ext4_init_inode_table()
ext4: add missing kfree() on error return path in add_new_gdb()
ext4: change umode_t in tracepoint headers to be an explicit __u16
ext4: fix races in ext4_sync_parent()
ext4: Fix overflow caused by missing cast in ext4_fallocate()
ext4: add action of moving index in ext4_ext_rm_idx for Punch Hole
ext4: simplify parameters of reserve_backup_gdb()
ext4: simplify parameters of add_new_gdb()
ext4: remove lock_buffer in bclean() and setup_new_group_blocks()
ext4: simplify journal handling in setup_new_group_blocks()
ext4: let setup_new_group_blocks() set multiple bits at a time
ext4: fix a typo in ext4_group_extend()
ext4: let ext4_group_add_blocks() handle 0 blocks quickly
ext4: let ext4_group_add_blocks() return an error code
ext4: rename ext4_add_groupblocks() to ext4_group_add_blocks()
...
Fix up conflict in fs/ext4/inode.c: commit aacfc19c62 ("fs: simplify
the blockdev_direct_IO prototype") had changed the ext4_ind_direct_IO()
function for the new simplified calling convention, while commit
dae1e52cb1 ("ext4: move ext4_ind_* functions from inode.c to
indirect.c") moved the function to another file.
As requested by Al Viro, since umode_t may be changing to a u32 for
some architectures.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs-2.6:
jbd: change the field "b_cow_tid" of struct journal_head from type unsigned to tid_t
ext3.txt: update the links in the section "useful links" to the latest ones
ext3: Fix data corruption in inodes with journalled data
ext2: check xattr name_len before acquiring xattr_sem in ext2_xattr_get
ext3: Fix compilation with -DDX_DEBUG
quota: Remove unused declaration
jbd: Use WRITE_SYNC in journal checkpoint.
jbd: Fix oops in journal_remove_journal_head()
ext3: Return -EINVAL when start is beyond the end of fs in ext3_trim_fs()
ext3/ioctl.c: silence sparse warnings about different address spaces
ext3/ext4 Documentation: remove bh/nobh since it has been deprecated
ext3: Improve truncate error handling
ext3: use proper little-endian bitops
ext2: include fs.h into ext2_fs.h
ext3: Fix oops in ext3_try_to_allocate_with_rsv()
jbd: fix a bug of leaking jh->b_jcount
jbd: remove dependency on __GFP_NOFAIL
ext3: Convert ext3 to new truncate calling convention
jbd: Add fixed tracepoints
ext3: Add fixed tracepoints
Resolve conflicts in fs/ext3/fsync.c due to fsync locking push-down and
new fixed tracepoints.
When CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER is disabled, compilation fails as follows:
CC arch/x86/xen/setup.o
In file included from arch/x86/include/asm/xen/hypercall.h:42,
from arch/x86/xen/setup.c:19:
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: 'struct multicall_entry' declared inside parameter list
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: 'struct multicall_entry' declared inside parameter list
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: 'struct multicall_entry' declared inside parameter list
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: 'struct multicall_entry' declared inside parameter list
[...]
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:5: error: '__HYPERVISOR_set_trap_table' undeclared here (not in a function)
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:5: error: array index in initializer not of integer type
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:5: error: (near initialization for 'xen_hypercall_names')
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:6: error: '__HYPERVISOR_mmu_update' undeclared here (not in a function)
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:6: error: array index in initializer not of integer type
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:6: error: (near initialization for 'xen_hypercall_names')
Fix this by making sure struct multicall_entry has a declaration in
scope at all times, and don't bother compiling xen/trace.c when tracing
is disabled.
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6: (297 commits)
ALSA: asihpi - Replace with snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info()
ALSA: asihpi - HPI version 4.08
ALSA: asihpi - Add volume mute controls
ALSA: asihpi - Control name updates
ALSA: asihpi - Use size_t for sizeof result
ALSA: asihpi - Explicitly include mutex.h
ALSA: asihpi - Add new node and message defines
ALSA: asihpi - Make local function static
ALSA: asihpi - Fix minor typos and spelling
ALSA: asihpi - Remove unused structures, macros and functions
ALSA: asihpi - Remove spurious adapter index check
ALSA: asihpi - Revise snd_pcm_debug_name, get rid of DEBUG_NAME macro
ALSA: asihpi - DSP code loader API now independent of OS
ALSA: asihpi - Remove controlex structs and associated special data transfer code
ALSA: asihpi - Increase request and response buffer sizes
ALSA: asihpi - Give more meaningful name to hpi request message type
ALSA: usb-audio - Add quirk for Roland / BOSS BR-800
ALSA: hda - Remove a superfluous argument of via_auto_init_output()
ALSA: hda - Fix indep-HP path (de-)activation for VT1708* codecs
ALSA: hda - Add documentation for codec-specific mixer controls
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6: (107 commits)
vfs: use ERR_CAST for err-ptr tossing in lookup_instantiate_filp
isofs: Remove global fs lock
jffs2: fix IN_DELETE_SELF on overwriting rename() killing a directory
fix IN_DELETE_SELF on overwriting rename() on ramfs et.al.
mm/truncate.c: fix build for CONFIG_BLOCK not enabled
fs:update the NOTE of the file_operations structure
Remove dead code in dget_parent()
AFS: Fix silly characters in a comment
switch d_add_ci() to d_splice_alias() in "found negative" case as well
simplify gfs2_lookup()
jfs_lookup(): don't bother with . or ..
get rid of useless dget_parent() in btrfs rename() and link()
get rid of useless dget_parent() in fs/btrfs/ioctl.c
fs: push i_mutex and filemap_write_and_wait down into ->fsync() handlers
drivers: fix up various ->llseek() implementations
fs: handle SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA properly in all fs's that define their own llseek
Ext4: handle SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA generically
Btrfs: implement our own ->llseek
fs: add SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA flags
reiserfs: make reiserfs default to barrier=flush
...
Fix up trivial conflicts in fs/xfs/linux-2.6/xfs_super.c due to the new
shrinker callout for the inode cache, that clashed with the xfs code to
start the periodic workers later.
It is impossible to understand what the shrinkers are actually doing
without instrumenting the code, so add a some tracepoints to allow
insight to be gained.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Using function calls in TP_printk causes perf heartburn, so print the
MAJOR/MINOR device numbers instead.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Add trace event balance_dirty_state for showing the global dirty page
counts and thresholds at each global_dirty_limits() invocation. This
will cover the callers throttle_vm_writeout(), over_bground_thresh()
and each balance_dirty_pages() loop.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Pass struct wb_writeback_work all the way down to writeback_sb_inodes(),
and initialize the struct writeback_control there.
struct writeback_control is basically designed to control writeback of a
single file, but we keep abuse it for writing multiple files in
writeback_sb_inodes() and its callers.
It immediately clean things up, e.g. suddenly wbc.nr_to_write vs
work->nr_pages starts to make sense, and instead of saving and restoring
pages_skipped in writeback_sb_inodes it can always start with a clean
zero value.
It also makes a neat IO pattern change: large dirty files are now
written in the full 4MB writeback chunk size, rather than whatever
remained quota in wbc->nr_to_write.
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Proposed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
This commit adds fixed tracepoint for jbd. It has been based on fixed
tracepoints for jbd2, however there are missing those for collecting
statistics, since I think that it will require more intrusive patch so I
should have its own commit, if someone decide that it is needed. Also
there are new tracepoints in __journal_drop_transaction() and
journal_update_superblock().
The list of jbd tracepoints:
jbd_checkpoint
jbd_start_commit
jbd_commit_locking
jbd_commit_flushing
jbd_commit_logging
jbd_drop_transaction
jbd_end_commit
jbd_do_submit_data
jbd_cleanup_journal_tail
jbd_update_superblock_end
Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
This commit adds fixed tracepoints to the ext3 code. It is based on ext4
tracepoints, however due to the differences of both file systems, there
are some tracepoints missing (those for delaloc and for multi-block
allocator) and there are some ext3 specific as well (for reservation
windows).
Here is a list:
ext3_free_inode
ext3_request_inode
ext3_allocate_inode
ext3_evict_inode
ext3_drop_inode
ext3_mark_inode_dirty
ext3_write_begin
ext3_ordered_write_end
ext3_writeback_write_end
ext3_journalled_write_end
ext3_ordered_writepage
ext3_writeback_writepage
ext3_journalled_writepage
ext3_readpage
ext3_releasepage
ext3_invalidatepage
ext3_discard_blocks
ext3_request_blocks
ext3_allocate_blocks
ext3_free_blocks
ext3_sync_file_enter
ext3_sync_file_exit
ext3_sync_fs
ext3_rsv_window_add
ext3_discard_reservation
ext3_alloc_new_reservation
ext3_reserved
ext3_forget
ext3_read_block_bitmap
ext3_direct_IO_enter
ext3_direct_IO_exit
ext3_unlink_enter
ext3_unlink_exit
ext3_truncate_enter
ext3_truncate_exit
ext3_get_blocks_enter
ext3_get_blocks_exit
ext3_load_inode
Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
This patch adds 2 tracepoints to get a status of a socket receive queue
and related parameter.
One tracepoint is added to sock_queue_rcv_skb. It records rcvbuf size
and its usage. The other tracepoint is added to __sk_mem_schedule and
it records limitations of memory for sockets and current usage.
By using these tracepoints we're able to know detailed reason why kernel
drop the packet.
Signed-off-by: Satoru Moriya <satoru.moriya@hds.com>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds a tracepoint to __udp_queue_rcv_skb to get the
return value of ip_queue_rcv_skb. It indicates why kernel drops
a packet at this point.
ip_queue_rcv_skb returns following values in the packet drop case:
rcvbuf is full : -ENOMEM
sk_filter returns error : -EINVAL, -EACCESS, -ENOMEM, etc.
__sk_mem_schedule returns error: -ENOBUF
Signed-off-by: Satoru Moriya <satoru.moriya@hds.com>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
jbd2: Fix oops in jbd2_journal_remove_journal_head()
jbd2: Remove obsolete parameters in the comments for some jbd2 functions
ext4: fixed tracepoints cleanup
ext4: use FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST flag for last extent in fiemap
ext4: Fix max file size and logical block counting of extent format file
ext4: correct comments for ext4_free_blocks()
* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
rcu: Move RCU_BOOST #ifdefs to header file
rcu: use softirq instead of kthreads except when RCU_BOOST=y
rcu: Use softirq to address performance regression
rcu: Simplify curing of load woes
While testing for memcg aware swap token, I observed a swap token was
often grabbed an intermittent running process (eg init, auditd) and they
never release a token.
Why?
Some processes (eg init, auditd, audispd) wake up when a process exiting.
And swap token can be get first page-in process when a process exiting
makes no swap token owner. Thus such above intermittent running process
often get a token.
And currently, swap token priority is only decreased at page fault path.
Then, if the process sleep immediately after to grab swap token, the swap
token priority never be decreased. That's obviously undesirable.
This patch implement very poor (and lightweight) priority aging. It only
be affect to the above corner case and doesn't change swap tendency
workload performance (eg multi process qsbench load)
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit a26ac2455ffcf3(rcu: move TREE_RCU from softirq to kthread)
introduced performance regression. In an AIM7 test, this commit degraded
performance by about 40%.
The commit runs rcu callbacks in a kthread instead of softirq. We observed
high rate of context switch which is caused by this. Out test system has
64 CPUs and HZ is 1000, so we saw more than 64k context switch per second
which is caused by RCU's per-CPU kthread. A trace showed that most of
the time the RCU per-CPU kthread doesn't actually handle any callbacks,
but instead just does a very small amount of work handling grace periods.
This means that RCU's per-CPU kthreads are making the scheduler do quite
a bit of work in order to allow a very small amount of RCU-related
processing to be done.
Alex Shi's analysis determined that this slowdown is due to lock
contention within the scheduler. Unfortunately, as Peter Zijlstra points
out, the scheduler's real-time semantics require global action, which
means that this contention is inherent in real-time scheduling. (Yes,
perhaps someone will come up with a workaround -- otherwise, -rt is not
going to do well on large SMP systems -- but this patch will work around
this issue in the meantime. And "the meantime" might well be forever.)
This patch therefore re-introduces softirq processing to RCU, but only
for core RCU work. RCU callbacks are still executed in kthread context,
so that only a small amount of RCU work runs in softirq context in the
common case. This should minimize ksoftirqd execution, allowing us to
skip boosting of ksoftirqd for CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y kernels.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Tested-by: "Alex,Shi" <alex.shi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Note that it adds a little overheads to account the moved/enqueued
inodes from b_dirty to b_io. The "moved" accounting may be later used to
limit the number of inodes that can be moved in one shot, in order to
keep spinlock hold time under control.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
It is valuable to know how the dirty inodes are iterated and their IO size.
"writeback_single_inode: bdi 8:0: ino=134246746 state=I_DIRTY_SYNC|I_SYNC age=414 index=0 to_write=1024 wrote=0"
- "state" reflects inode->i_state at the end of writeback_single_inode()
- "index" reflects mapping->writeback_index after the ->writepages() call
- "to_write" is the wbc->nr_to_write at entrance of writeback_single_inode()
- "wrote" is the number of pages actually written
v2: add trace event writeback_single_inode_requeue as proposed by Dave.
CC: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Remove two unused struct writeback_control fields:
.encountered_congestion (completely unused)
.nonblocking (never set, checked/showed in XFS,NFS/btrfs)
The .for_background check in nfs_write_inode() is also removed btw,
as .for_background implies WB_SYNC_NONE.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Proposed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
When wbc.more_io was first introduced, it indicates whether there are
at least one superblock whose s_more_io contains more IO work. Now with
the per-bdi writeback, it can be replaced with a simple b_more_io test.
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
While creating fixed tracepoints for ext3, basically by porting them
from ext4, I found a lot of useless retyping, wrong type usage, useless
variable passing and other inconsistencies in the ext4 fixed tracepoint
code.
This patch cleans the fixed tracepoint code for ext4 and also simplify
some of them.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: (40 commits)
tg3: Fix tg3_skb_error_unmap()
net: tracepoint of net_dev_xmit sees freed skb and causes panic
drivers/net/can/flexcan.c: add missing clk_put
net: dm9000: Get the chip in a known good state before enabling interrupts
drivers/net/davinci_emac.c: add missing clk_put
af-packet: Add flag to distinguish VID 0 from no-vlan.
caif: Fix race when conditionally taking rtnl lock
usbnet/cdc_ncm: add missing .reset_resume hook
vlan: fix typo in vlan_dev_hard_start_xmit()
net/ipv4: Check for mistakenly passed in non-IPv4 address
iwl4965: correctly validate temperature value
bluetooth l2cap: fix locking in l2cap_global_chan_by_psm
ath9k: fix two more bugs in tx power
cfg80211: don't drop p2p probe responses
Revert "net: fix section mismatches"
drivers/net/usb/catc.c: Fix potential deadlock in catc_ctrl_run()
sctp: stop pending timers and purge queues when peer restart asoc
drivers/net: ks8842 Fix crash on received packet when in PIO mode.
ip_options_compile: properly handle unaligned pointer
iwlagn: fix incorrect PCI subsystem id for 6150 devices
...
Because there is a possibility that skb is kfree_skb()ed and zero cleared
after ndo_start_xmit, we should not see the contents of skb like skb->len and
skb->dev->name after ndo_start_xmit. But trace_net_dev_xmit does that
and causes panic by NULL pointer dereference.
This patch fixes trace_net_dev_xmit not to see the contents of skb directly.
If you want to reproduce this panic,
1. Get tracepoint of net_dev_xmit on
2. Create 2 guests on KVM
2. Make 2 guests use virtio_net
4. Execute netperf from one to another for a long time as a network burden
5. host will panic(It takes about 30 minutes)
Signed-off-by: Koki Sanagi <sanagi.koki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (25 commits)
perf: Fix SIGIO handling
perf top: Don't stop if no kernel symtab is found
perf top: Handle kptr_restrict
perf top: Remove unused macro
perf events: initialize fd array to -1 instead of 0
perf tools: Make sure kptr_restrict warnings fit 80 col terms
perf tools: Fix build on older systems
perf symbols: Handle /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
perf: Remove duplicate headers
ftrace: Add internal recursive checks
tracing: Update btrfs's tracepoints to use u64 interface
tracing: Add __print_symbolic_u64 to avoid warnings on 32bit machine
ftrace: Set ops->flag to enabled even on static function tracing
tracing: Have event with function tracer check error return
ftrace: Have ftrace_startup() return failure code
jump_label: Check entries limit in __jump_label_update
ftrace/recordmcount: Avoid STT_FUNC symbols as base on ARM
scripts/tags.sh: Add magic for trace-events for etags too
scripts/tags.sh: Fix ctags for DEFINE_EVENT()
x86/ftrace: Fix compiler warning in ftrace.c
...
* 'gpio/next' of git://git.secretlab.ca/git/linux-2.6:
gpio/via: rename VIA local config struct
basic_mmio_gpio: split into a gpio library and platform device
gpio: remove some legacy comments in build files
gpio: add trace events for setting direction and value
gpio/pca953x: Use handle_simple_irq instead of handle_edge_irq
gpiolib: export gpiochip_find
gpio: remove redundant Kconfig depends on GPIOLIB
basic_mmio_gpio: convert to non-__raw* accessors
basic_mmio_gpio: support direction registers
basic_mmio_gpio: support different input/output registers
basic_mmio_gpio: detect output method at probe time
basic_mmio_gpio: request register regions
basic_mmio_gpio: allow overriding number of gpio
basic_mmio_gpio: convert to platform_{get,set}_drvdata()
basic_mmio_gpio: remove runtime width/endianness evaluation
To avoid 64->32 truncating WARNING, update btrfs's tracepoints.
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <liubo2009@cn.fujitsu.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4DACE6E3.8080200@cn.fujitsu.com
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
This patch allows to trace gpio operations using ftrace
Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
include/linux/gfp.h and include/trace/events/gfpflags.h are out of sync.
When tracing is enabled, certain flags are not recognised and the text
output is less useful as a result. Add the missing flags.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If RCU priority boosting is to be meaningful, callback invocation must
be boosted in addition to preempted RCU readers. Otherwise, in presence
of CPU real-time threads, the grace period ends, but the callbacks don't
get invoked. If the callbacks don't get invoked, the associated memory
doesn't get freed, so the system is still subject to OOM.
But it is not reasonable to priority-boost RCU_SOFTIRQ, so this commit
moves the callback invocations to a kthread, which can be boosted easily.
Also add comments and properly synchronized all accesses to
rcu_cpu_kthread_task, as suggested by Lai Jiangshan.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
It's a pretty close match to what we had before - the timer triggering
would mean that nobody unplugged the plug in due time, in the new
scheme this matches very closely what the schedule() unplug now is.
It's essentially the difference between an explicit unplug (IO unplug)
or an implicit unplug (timer unplug, we scheduled with pending IO
queued).
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
It was removed with the on-stack plugging, readd it and track the
depth of requests added when flushing the plug.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* 'for-linus-unmerged' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/btrfs-unstable: (45 commits)
Btrfs: fix __btrfs_map_block on 32 bit machines
btrfs: fix possible deadlock by clearing __GFP_FS flag
btrfs: check link counter overflow in link(2)
btrfs: don't mess with i_nlink of unlocked inode in rename()
Btrfs: check return value of btrfs_alloc_path()
Btrfs: fix OOPS of empty filesystem after balance
Btrfs: fix memory leak of empty filesystem after balance
Btrfs: fix return value of setflags ioctl
Btrfs: fix uncheck memory allocations
btrfs: make inode ref log recovery faster
Btrfs: add btrfs_trim_fs() to handle FITRIM
Btrfs: adjust btrfs_discard_extent() return errors and trimmed bytes
Btrfs: make btrfs_map_block() return entire free extent for each device of RAID0/1/10/DUP
Btrfs: make update_reserved_bytes() public
btrfs: return EXDEV when linking from different subvolumes
Btrfs: Per file/directory controls for COW and compression
Btrfs: add datacow flag in inode flag
btrfs: use GFP_NOFS instead of GFP_KERNEL
Btrfs: check return value of read_tree_block()
btrfs: properly access unaligned checksum buffer
...
Fix up trivial conflicts in fs/btrfs/volumes.c due to plug removal in
the block layer.
Tracepoints can provide insight into why btrfs hits bugs and be greatly
helpful for debugging, e.g
dd-7822 [000] 2121.641088: btrfs_inode_request: root = 5(FS_TREE), gen = 4, ino = 256, blocks = 8, disk_i_size = 0, last_trans = 8, logged_trans = 0
dd-7822 [000] 2121.641100: btrfs_inode_new: root = 5(FS_TREE), gen = 8, ino = 257, blocks = 0, disk_i_size = 0, last_trans = 0, logged_trans = 0
btrfs-transacti-7804 [001] 2146.935420: btrfs_cow_block: root = 2(EXTENT_TREE), refs = 2, orig_buf = 29368320 (orig_level = 0), cow_buf = 29388800 (cow_level = 0)
btrfs-transacti-7804 [001] 2146.935473: btrfs_cow_block: root = 1(ROOT_TREE), refs = 2, orig_buf = 29364224 (orig_level = 0), cow_buf = 29392896 (cow_level = 0)
btrfs-transacti-7804 [001] 2146.972221: btrfs_transaction_commit: root = 1(ROOT_TREE), gen = 8
flush-btrfs-2-7821 [001] 2155.824210: btrfs_chunk_alloc: root = 3(CHUNK_TREE), offset = 1103101952, size = 1073741824, num_stripes = 1, sub_stripes = 0, type = DATA
flush-btrfs-2-7821 [001] 2155.824241: btrfs_cow_block: root = 2(EXTENT_TREE), refs = 2, orig_buf = 29388800 (orig_level = 0), cow_buf = 29396992 (cow_level = 0)
flush-btrfs-2-7821 [001] 2155.824255: btrfs_cow_block: root = 4(DEV_TREE), refs = 2, orig_buf = 29372416 (orig_level = 0), cow_buf = 29401088 (cow_level = 0)
flush-btrfs-2-7821 [000] 2155.824329: btrfs_cow_block: root = 3(CHUNK_TREE), refs = 2, orig_buf = 20971520 (orig_level = 0), cow_buf = 20975616 (cow_level = 0)
btrfs-endio-wri-7800 [001] 2155.898019: btrfs_cow_block: root = 5(FS_TREE), refs = 2, orig_buf = 29384704 (orig_level = 0), cow_buf = 29405184 (cow_level = 0)
btrfs-endio-wri-7800 [001] 2155.898043: btrfs_cow_block: root = 7(CSUM_TREE), refs = 2, orig_buf = 29376512 (orig_level = 0), cow_buf = 29409280 (cow_level = 0)
Here is what I have added:
1) ordere_extent:
btrfs_ordered_extent_add
btrfs_ordered_extent_remove
btrfs_ordered_extent_start
btrfs_ordered_extent_put
These provide critical information to understand how ordered_extents are
updated.
2) extent_map:
btrfs_get_extent
extent_map is used in both read and write cases, and it is useful for tracking
how btrfs specific IO is running.
3) writepage:
__extent_writepage
btrfs_writepage_end_io_hook
Pages are cirtical resourses and produce a lot of corner cases during writeback,
so it is valuable to know how page is written to disk.
4) inode:
btrfs_inode_new
btrfs_inode_request
btrfs_inode_evict
These can show where and when a inode is created, when a inode is evicted.
5) sync:
btrfs_sync_file
btrfs_sync_fs
These show sync arguments.
6) transaction:
btrfs_transaction_commit
In transaction based filesystem, it will be useful to know the generation and
who does commit.
7) back reference and cow:
btrfs_delayed_tree_ref
btrfs_delayed_data_ref
btrfs_delayed_ref_head
btrfs_cow_block
Btrfs natively supports back references, these tracepoints are helpful on
understanding btrfs's COW mechanism.
8) chunk:
btrfs_chunk_alloc
btrfs_chunk_free
Chunk is a link between physical offset and logical offset, and stands for space
infomation in btrfs, and these are helpful on tracing space things.
9) reserved_extent:
btrfs_reserved_extent_alloc
btrfs_reserved_extent_free
These can show how btrfs uses its space.
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <liubo2009@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (43 commits)
ext4: fix a BUG in mb_mark_used during trim.
ext4: unused variables cleanup in fs/ext4/extents.c
ext4: remove redundant set_buffer_mapped() in ext4_da_get_block_prep()
ext4: add more tracepoints and use dev_t in the trace buffer
ext4: don't kfree uninitialized s_group_info members
ext4: add missing space in printk's in __ext4_grp_locked_error()
ext4: add FITRIM to compat_ioctl.
ext4: handle errors in ext4_clear_blocks()
ext4: unify the ext4_handle_release_buffer() api
ext4: handle errors in ext4_rename
jbd2: add COW fields to struct jbd2_journal_handle
jbd2: add the b_cow_tid field to journal_head struct
ext4: Initialize fsync transaction ids in ext4_new_inode()
ext4: Use single thread to perform DIO unwritten convertion
ext4: optimize ext4_bio_write_page() when no extent conversion is needed
ext4: skip orphan cleanup if fs has unknown ROCOMPAT features
ext4: use the nblocks arg to ext4_truncate_restart_trans()
ext4: fix missing iput of root inode for some mount error paths
ext4: make FIEMAP and delayed allocation play well together
ext4: suppress verbose debugging information if malloc-debug is off
...
Fi up conflicts in fs/ext4/super.c due to workqueue changes
- Add more ext4 tracepoints.
- Change ext4 tracepoints to use dev_t field with MAJOR/MINOR macros
so that we can save 4 bytes in the ring buffer on some platforms.
- Add sync_mode to ext4_da_writepages, ext4_da_write_pages, and
ext4_da_writepages_result tracepoints. Also remove for_reclaim
field from ext4_da_writepages since it is usually not very useful.
Signed-off-by: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi-misc-2.6: (170 commits)
[SCSI] scsi_dh_rdac: Add MD36xxf into device list
[SCSI] scsi_debug: add consecutive medium errors
[SCSI] libsas: fix ata list corruption issue
[SCSI] hpsa: export resettable host attribute
[SCSI] hpsa: move device attributes to avoid forward declarations
[SCSI] scsi_debug: Logical Block Provisioning (SBC3r26)
[SCSI] sd: Logical Block Provisioning update
[SCSI] Include protection operation in SCSI command trace
[SCSI] hpsa: fix incorrect PCI IDs and add two new ones (2nd try)
[SCSI] target: Fix volume size misreporting for volumes > 2TB
[SCSI] bnx2fc: Broadcom FCoE offload driver
[SCSI] fcoe: fix broken fcoe interface reset
[SCSI] fcoe: precedence bug in fcoe_filter_frames()
[SCSI] libfcoe: Remove stale fcoe-netdev entries
[SCSI] libfcoe: Move FCOE_MTU definition from fcoe.h to libfcoe.h
[SCSI] libfc: introduce __fc_fill_fc_hdr that accepts fc_hdr as an argument
[SCSI] fcoe, libfc: initialize EM anchors list and then update npiv EMs
[SCSI] Revert "[SCSI] libfc: fix exchange being deleted when the abort itself is timed out"
[SCSI] libfc: Fixing a memory leak when destroying an interface
[SCSI] megaraid_sas: Version and Changelog update
...
Fix up trivial conflicts due to whitespace differences in
drivers/scsi/libsas/{sas_ata.c,sas_scsi_host.c}
* 'config' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
BKL: That's all, folks
fs/locks.c: Remove stale FIXME left over from BKL conversion
ipx: remove the BKL
appletalk: remove the BKL
x25: remove the BKL
ufs: remove the BKL
hpfs: remove the BKL
drivers: remove extraneous includes of smp_lock.h
tracing: don't trace the BKL
adfs: remove the big kernel lock
When debugging DIF/DIX it is very helpful to be able to see which DIX
operation is associated with the scsi_cmnd. Include the protection op in
the SCSI command trace.
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@suse.de>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sharp <dhsharp@google.com>
LKML-Reference: <1291421609-14665-10-git-send-email-dhsharp@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: David Sharp <dhsharp@google.com>
LKML-Reference: <1291421609-14665-9-git-send-email-dhsharp@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sharp <dhsharp@google.com>
LKML-Reference: <1291421609-14665-7-git-send-email-dhsharp@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
If we enable trace events to trace block actions, We use
blk_fill_rwbs_rq to analyze the corresponding actions
in request's cmd_flags, but we only choose the minor 2 bits
from it, so most of other flags(e.g, REQ_SYNC) are missing.
For example, with a sync write we get:
write_test-2409 [001] 160.013869: block_rq_insert: 3,64 W 0 () 258135 + =
8 [write_test]
Since now we have integrated the flags of both bio and request,
it is safe to pass rq->cmd_flags directly to blk_fill_rwbs and
blk_fill_rwbs_rq isn't needed any more.
With this patch, after a sync write we get:
write_test-2417 [000] 226.603878: block_rq_insert: 3,64 WS 0 () 258135 +=
8 [write_test]
Signed-off-by: Tao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Linus Torvalds