If a CPU is executing a long series of non-sleeping system calls,
RCU grace periods can be delayed for on the order of a couple hundred
milliseconds. This is normally not a problem, but if each system call
does a call_rcu(), those callbacks can stack up. RCU will eventually
notice this callback storm, but use of rcu_request_urgent_qs_task()
allows the code invoking call_rcu() to give RCU a heads up.
This function is not for general use, not yet, anyway.
Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230706033447.54696-11-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
This code-movement-only commit moves the rcu_scale_cleanup() and
rcu_scale_shutdown() functions to follow kfree_scale_cleanup().
This is code movement is in preparation for a bug-fix patch that invokes
kfree_scale_cleanup() from rcu_scale_cleanup().
Signed-off-by: Qiuxu Zhuo <qiuxu.zhuo@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Callbacks can only be queued as lazy on NOCB CPUs, therefore iterating
over the NOCB mask is enough for both counting and scanning. Just lock
the mostly uncontended barrier mutex on counting as well in order to
keep rcu_nocb_mask stable.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The rcu_tasks_invoke_cbs() function relies on queue_work_on() to silently
fall back to WORK_CPU_UNBOUND when the specified CPU is offline. However,
the queue_work_on() function's silent fallback mechanism relies on that
CPU having been online at some time in the past. When queue_work_on()
is passed a CPU that has never been online, workqueue lockups ensue,
which can be bad for your kernel's general health and well-being.
This commit therefore checks whether a given CPU has ever been online,
and, if not substitutes WORK_CPU_UNBOUND in the subsequent call to
queue_work_on(). Why not simply omit the queue_work_on() call entirely?
Because this function is flooding callback-invocation notifications
to all CPUs, and must deal with possibilities that include a sparse
cpu_possible_mask.
This commit also moves the setting of the rcu_data structure's
->beenonline field to rcu_cpu_starting(), which executes on the
incoming CPU before that CPU has ever enabled interrupts. This ensures
that the required workqueues are present. In addition, because the
incoming CPU has not yet enabled its interrupts, there cannot yet have
been any softirq handlers running on this CPU, which means that the
WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->beenonline) within the RCU_SOFTIRQ handler cannot
have triggered yet.
Fixes: d363f833c6 ("rcu-tasks: Use workqueues for multiple rcu_tasks_invoke_cbs() invocations")
Reported-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Currently, rcu_cpu_starting() is written so that it might be invoked
with interrupts enabled. However, it is always called when interrupts
are disabled, either by rcu_init(), notify_cpu_starting(), or from a
call point prior to the call to notify_cpu_starting().
But why bother requiring that interrupts be disabled? The purpose is
to allow the rcu_data structure's ->beenonline flag to be set after all
early processing has completed for the incoming CPU, thus allowing this
flag to be used to determine when workqueues have been set up for the
incoming CPU, while still allowing this flag to be used as a diagnostic
within rcu_core().
This commit therefore makes rcu_cpu_starting() rely on interrupts being
disabled.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The rcu_data structure's ->rcu_cpu_has_work field can be modified by
any CPU attempting to wake up the rcuc kthread. Therefore, this commit
marks accesses to this field from the rcu_cpu_kthread() function.
This data race was reported by KCSAN. Not appropriate for backporting
due to failure being unlikely.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The per-CPU rcu_data structure's ->cpu_no_qs.b.exp field is updated
only on the instance corresponding to the current CPU, but can be read
more widely. Unmarked accesses are OK from the corresponding CPU, but
only if interrupts are disabled, given that interrupt handlers can and
do modify this field.
Unfortunately, although the load from rcu_preempt_deferred_qs() is always
carried out from the corresponding CPU, interrupts are not necessarily
disabled. This commit therefore upgrades this load to READ_ONCE.
Similarly, the diagnostic access from synchronize_rcu_expedited_wait()
might run with interrupts disabled and from some other CPU. This commit
therefore marks this load with data_race().
Finally, the C-language access in rcu_preempt_ctxt_queue() is OK as
is because interrupts are disabled and this load is always from the
corresponding CPU. This commit adds a comment giving the rationale for
this access being safe.
This data race was reported by KCSAN. Not appropriate for backporting
due to failure being unlikely.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Currently, if there are more than 100 ready-to-invoke RCU callbacks queued
on a given CPU, the rcu_do_batch() function sets a timeout for invocation
of the series. This timeout defaulting to three milliseconds, and may
be adjusted using the rcutree.rcu_resched_ns kernel boot parameter.
This timeout is checked using local_clock(), but the overhead of this
function combined with the common-case very small callback-invocation
overhead means that local_clock() is checked every 32nd invocation.
This works well except for longer-than average callbacks. For example,
a series of 500-microsecond-duration callbacks means that local_clock()
is checked only once every 16 milliseconds, which makes it difficult to
enforce a three-millisecond timeout.
This commit therefore adds a Kconfig option RCU_DOUBLE_CHECK_CB_TIME
that enables backup timeout checking using the coarser grained but
lighter weight jiffies. If the jiffies counter detects a timeout,
then local_clock() is consulted even if this is not the 32nd callback.
This prevents the aforementioned 16-millisecond latency blow.
Reported-by: Domas Mituzas <dmituzas@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Currently, a callback-invocation time limit is enforced only for
callbacks invoked from the softirq environment, the rationale being
that when callbacks are instead invoked from rcuc and rcuoc kthreads,
these callbacks cannot be holding up other softirq vectors.
Which is in fact true. However, if an rcuc kthread spends too much time
invoking callbacks, it can delay quiescent-state reports from its CPU,
which can also be a problem.
This commit therefore applies the callback-invocation time limit to
callback invocation from the rcuc kthreads as well as from softirq.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit uses rtp->name instead of __func__ and outputs the value
of rcu_task_cb_adjust, thus reducing console-log output.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The ->lazy_len is only checked locklessly. Recheck again under the
->nocb_lock to avoid spending more time on flushing/waking if not
necessary. The ->lazy_len can still increment concurrently (from 1 to
infinity) but under the ->nocb_lock we at least know for sure if there
are lazy callbacks at all (->lazy_len > 0).
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The shrinker resets the lazy callbacks counter in order to trigger the
pending lazy queue flush though the rcuog kthread. The counter reset is
protected by the ->nocb_lock against concurrent accesses...except
for one of them. Here is a list of existing synchronized readers/writer:
1) The first lazy enqueuer (incrementing ->lazy_len to 1) does so under
->nocb_lock and ->nocb_bypass_lock.
2) The further lazy enqueuers (incrementing ->lazy_len above 1) do so
under ->nocb_bypass_lock _only_.
3) The lazy flush checks and resets to 0 under ->nocb_lock and
->nocb_bypass_lock.
The shrinker protects its ->lazy_len reset against cases 1) and 3) but
not against 2). As such, setting ->lazy_len to 0 under the ->nocb_lock
may be cancelled right away by an overwrite from an enqueuer, leading
rcuog to ignore the flush.
To avoid that, use the proper bypass flush API which takes care of all
those details.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The shrinker may run concurrently with callbacks (de-)offloading. As
such, calling rcu_nocb_lock() is very dangerous because it does a
conditional locking. The worst outcome is that rcu_nocb_lock() doesn't
lock but rcu_nocb_unlock() eventually unlocks, or the reverse, creating
an imbalance.
Fix this with protecting against (de-)offloading using the barrier mutex.
Although if the barrier mutex is contended, which should be rare, then
step aside so as not to trigger a mutex VS allocation
dependency chain.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
If the rcutree.rcu_min_cached_objs kernel boot parameter is set to zero,
then krcp->page_cache_work will never be triggered to fill page cache.
In addition, the put_cached_bnode() will not fill page cache. As a
result krcp->bkvcache will always be empty, so there is no need to acquire
krcp->lock to get page from krcp->bkvcache. This commit therefore makes
drain_page_cache() return immediately if the rcu_min_cached_objs is zero.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
When the fill_page_cache_func() function is invoked, it assumes that
the cache of pages is completely empty. However, there can be some time
between triggering execution of this function and its actual invocation.
During this time, kfree_rcu_work() might run, and might fill in part or
all of this cache of pages, thus invalidating the fill_page_cache_func()
function's assumption.
This will not overfill the cache because put_cached_bnode() will reject
the extra page. However, it will result in a needless allocation and
freeing of one extra page, which might not be helpful under lowish-memory
conditions.
This commit therefore causes the fill_page_cache_func() to explicitly
account for pages that have been placed into the cache shortly before
it starts running.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
By default the cache size is 5 pages per CPU, but it can be disabled at
boot time by setting the rcu_min_cached_objs to zero. When that happens,
the current code will uselessly set an hrtimer to schedule refilling this
cache with zero pages. This commit therefore streamlines this process
by simply refusing the set the hrtimer when rcu_min_cached_objs is zero.
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The add_ptr_to_bulk_krc_lock() function is invoked to allocate a new
kfree_rcu() page, also known as a kvfree_rcu_bulk_data structure.
The kfree_rcu_cpu structure's lock is used to protect this operation,
except that this lock must be momentarily dropped when allocating memory.
It is clearly important that the lock that is reacquired be the same
lock that was acquired initially via krc_this_cpu_lock().
Unfortunately, this same krc_this_cpu_lock() function is used to
re-acquire this lock, and if the task migrated to some other CPU during
the memory allocation, this will result in the kvfree_rcu_bulk_data
structure being added to the wrong CPU's kfree_rcu_cpu structure.
This commit therefore replaces that second call to krc_this_cpu_lock()
with raw_spin_lock_irqsave() in order to explicitly acquire the lock on
the correct kfree_rcu_cpu structure, thus keeping things straight even
when the task migrates.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
If kvfree_rcu_bulk() sees that the required grace period has failed to
elapse, it leaks the memory because readers might still be using it.
But in that case, the debug-objects subsystem still marks the relevant
structures as having been freed, even though they are instead being
leaked.
This commit fixes this mismatch by invoking debug_rcu_bhead_unqueue()
only when we are actually going to free the objects.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Under low-memory conditions, kvfree_rcu() will use each object's
rcu_head structure to queue objects in a singly linked list headed by
the kfree_rcu_cpu structure's ->head field. This list is passed to
call_rcu() as a unit, but there is no indication of which grace period
this list needs to wait for. This in turn prevents adding debug checks
in the kfree_rcu_work() as was done for the two page-of-pointers channels
in the kfree_rcu_cpu structure.
This commit therefore adds a ->head_free_gp_snap field to the
kfree_rcu_cpu_work structure to record this grace-period number. It also
adds a WARN_ON_ONCE() to kfree_rcu_monitor() that checks to make sure
that the required grace period has in fact elapsed.
[ paulmck: Fix kerneldoc issue raised by Stephen Rothwell. ]
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit adds debugging checks to verify that the required RCU
grace period has elapsed for each kvfree_rcu_bulk_data structure that
arrives at the kvfree_rcu_bulk() function. These checks make use
of that structure's ->gp_snap field, which has been upgraded from an
unsigned long to an rcu_gp_oldstate structure. This upgrade reduces
the chances of false positives to nearly zero, even on 32-bit systems,
for which this structure carries 64 bits of state.
Cc: Ziwei Dai <ziwei.dai@unisoc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
o MAINTAINERS files additions and changes.
o Fix hotplug warning in nohz code.
o Tick dependency changes by Zqiang.
o Lazy-RCU shrinker fixes by Zqiang.
o rcu-tasks stall reporting improvements by Neeraj.
o Initial changes for renaming of k[v]free_rcu() to its new k[v]free_rcu_mightsleep()
name for robustness.
o Documentation Updates:
o Significant changes to srcu_struct size.
o Deadlock detection for srcu_read_lock() vs synchronize_srcu() from Boqun.
o rcutorture and rcu-related tool, which are targeted for v6.4 from Boqun's tree.
o Other misc changes.
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Merge tag 'rcu.6.4.april5.2023.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jfern/linux
Pull RCU updates from Joel Fernandes:
- Updates and additions to MAINTAINERS files, with Boqun being added to
the RCU entry and Zqiang being added as an RCU reviewer.
I have also transitioned from reviewer to maintainer; however, Paul
will be taking over sending RCU pull-requests for the next merge
window.
- Resolution of hotplug warning in nohz code, achieved by fixing
cpu_is_hotpluggable() through interaction with the nohz subsystem.
Tick dependency modifications by Zqiang, focusing on fixing usage of
the TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU_EXP bitmask.
- Avoid needless calls to the rcu-lazy shrinker for CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=n
kernels, fixed by Zqiang.
- Improvements to rcu-tasks stall reporting by Neeraj.
- Initial renaming of k[v]free_rcu() to k[v]free_rcu_mightsleep() for
increased robustness, affecting several components like mac802154,
drbd, vmw_vmci, tracing, and more.
A report by Eric Dumazet showed that the API could be unknowingly
used in an atomic context, so we'd rather make sure they know what
they're asking for by being explicit:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20221202052847.2623997-1-edumazet@google.com/
- Documentation updates, including corrections to spelling,
clarifications in comments, and improvements to the srcu_size_state
comments.
- Better srcu_struct cache locality for readers, by adjusting the size
of srcu_struct in support of SRCU usage by Christoph Hellwig.
- Teach lockdep to detect deadlocks between srcu_read_lock() vs
synchronize_srcu() contributed by Boqun.
Previously lockdep could not detect such deadlocks, now it can.
- Integration of rcutorture and rcu-related tools, targeted for v6.4
from Boqun's tree, featuring new SRCU deadlock scenarios, test_nmis
module parameter, and more
- Miscellaneous changes, various code cleanups and comment improvements
* tag 'rcu.6.4.april5.2023.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jfern/linux: (71 commits)
checkpatch: Error out if deprecated RCU API used
mac802154: Rename kfree_rcu() to kvfree_rcu_mightsleep()
rcuscale: Rename kfree_rcu() to kfree_rcu_mightsleep()
ext4/super: Rename kfree_rcu() to kfree_rcu_mightsleep()
net/mlx5: Rename kfree_rcu() to kfree_rcu_mightsleep()
net/sysctl: Rename kvfree_rcu() to kvfree_rcu_mightsleep()
lib/test_vmalloc.c: Rename kvfree_rcu() to kvfree_rcu_mightsleep()
tracing: Rename kvfree_rcu() to kvfree_rcu_mightsleep()
misc: vmw_vmci: Rename kvfree_rcu() to kvfree_rcu_mightsleep()
drbd: Rename kvfree_rcu() to kvfree_rcu_mightsleep()
rcu: Protect rcu_print_task_exp_stall() ->exp_tasks access
rcu: Avoid stack overflow due to __rcu_irq_enter_check_tick() being kprobe-ed
rcu-tasks: Report stalls during synchronize_srcu() in rcu_tasks_postscan()
rcu: Permit start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited() to be invoked early
rcu: Remove never-set needwake assignment from rcu_report_qs_rdp()
rcu: Register rcu-lazy shrinker only for CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=y kernels
rcu: Fix missing TICK_DEP_MASK_RCU_EXP dependency check
rcu: Fix set/clear TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU_EXP bitmask race
rcu/trace: use strscpy() to instead of strncpy()
tick/nohz: Fix cpu_is_hotpluggable() by checking with nohz subsystem
...
Memory passed to kvfree_rcu() that is to be freed is tracked by a
per-CPU kfree_rcu_cpu structure, which in turn contains pointers
to kvfree_rcu_bulk_data structures that contain pointers to memory
that has not yet been handed to RCU, along with an kfree_rcu_cpu_work
structure that tracks the memory that has already been handed to RCU.
These structures track three categories of memory: (1) Memory for
kfree(), (2) Memory for kvfree(), and (3) Memory for both that arrived
during an OOM episode. The first two categories are tracked in a
cache-friendly manner involving a dynamically allocated page of pointers
(the aforementioned kvfree_rcu_bulk_data structures), while the third
uses a simple (but decidedly cache-unfriendly) linked list through the
rcu_head structures in each block of memory.
On a given CPU, these three categories are handled as a unit, with that
CPU's kfree_rcu_cpu_work structure having one pointer for each of the
three categories. Clearly, new memory for a given category cannot be
placed in the corresponding kfree_rcu_cpu_work structure until any old
memory has had its grace period elapse and thus has been removed. And
the kfree_rcu_monitor() function does in fact check for this.
Except that the kfree_rcu_monitor() function checks these pointers one
at a time. This means that if the previous kfree_rcu() memory passed
to RCU had only category 1 and the current one has only category 2, the
kfree_rcu_monitor() function will send that current category-2 memory
along immediately. This can result in memory being freed too soon,
that is, out from under unsuspecting RCU readers.
To see this, consider the following sequence of events, in which:
o Task A on CPU 0 calls rcu_read_lock(), then uses "from_cset",
then is preempted.
o CPU 1 calls kfree_rcu(cset, rcu_head) in order to free "from_cset"
after a later grace period. Except that "from_cset" is freed
right after the previous grace period ended, so that "from_cset"
is immediately freed. Task A resumes and references "from_cset"'s
member, after which nothing good happens.
In full detail:
CPU 0 CPU 1
---------------------- ----------------------
count_memcg_event_mm()
|rcu_read_lock() <---
|mem_cgroup_from_task()
|// css_set_ptr is the "from_cset" mentioned on CPU 1
|css_set_ptr = rcu_dereference((task)->cgroups)
|// Hard irq comes, current task is scheduled out.
cgroup_attach_task()
|cgroup_migrate()
|cgroup_migrate_execute()
|css_set_move_task(task, from_cset, to_cset, true)
|cgroup_move_task(task, to_cset)
|rcu_assign_pointer(.., to_cset)
|...
|cgroup_migrate_finish()
|put_css_set_locked(from_cset)
|from_cset->refcount return 0
|kfree_rcu(cset, rcu_head) // free from_cset after new gp
|add_ptr_to_bulk_krc_lock()
|schedule_delayed_work(&krcp->monitor_work, ..)
kfree_rcu_monitor()
|krcp->bulk_head[0]'s work attached to krwp->bulk_head_free[]
|queue_rcu_work(system_wq, &krwp->rcu_work)
|if rwork->rcu.work is not in WORK_STRUCT_PENDING_BIT state,
|call_rcu(&rwork->rcu, rcu_work_rcufn) <--- request new gp
// There is a perious call_rcu(.., rcu_work_rcufn)
// gp end, rcu_work_rcufn() is called.
rcu_work_rcufn()
|__queue_work(.., rwork->wq, &rwork->work);
|kfree_rcu_work()
|krwp->bulk_head_free[0] bulk is freed before new gp end!!!
|The "from_cset" is freed before new gp end.
// the task resumes some time later.
|css_set_ptr->subsys[(subsys_id) <--- Caused kernel crash, because css_set_ptr is freed.
This commit therefore causes kfree_rcu_monitor() to refrain from moving
kfree_rcu() memory to the kfree_rcu_cpu_work structure until the RCU
grace period has completed for all three categories.
v2: Use helper function instead of inserted code block at kfree_rcu_monitor().
Fixes: 34c8817455 ("rcu: Support kfree_bulk() interface in kfree_rcu()")
Fixes: 5f3c8d6204 ("rcu/tree: Maintain separate array for vmalloc ptrs")
Reported-by: Mukesh Ojha <quic_mojha@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ziwei Dai <ziwei.dai@unisoc.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The kfree_rcu() and kvfree_rcu() macros' single-argument forms are
deprecated. Therefore switch to the new kfree_rcu_mightsleep() and
kvfree_rcu_mightsleep() variants. The goal is to avoid accidental use
of the single-argument forms, which can introduce functionality bugs in
atomic contexts and latency bugs in non-atomic contexts.
Acked-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
For kernels built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y, the following scenario can
result in a NULL-pointer dereference:
CPU1 CPU2
rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_irqrestore rcu_print_task_exp_stall
if (special.b.blocked) READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks) != NULL
raw_spin_lock_rcu_node
np = rcu_next_node_entry(t, rnp)
if (&t->rcu_node_entry == rnp->exp_tasks)
WRITE_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks, np)
....
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node
t = list_entry(rnp->exp_tasks->prev,
struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry)
(if rnp->exp_tasks is NULL, this
will dereference a NULL pointer)
The problem is that CPU2 accesses the rcu_node structure's->exp_tasks
field without holding the rcu_node structure's ->lock and CPU2 did
not observe CPU1's change to rcu_node structure's ->exp_tasks in time.
Therefore, if CPU1 sets rcu_node structure's->exp_tasks pointer to NULL,
then CPU2 might dereference that NULL pointer.
This commit therefore holds the rcu_node structure's ->lock while
accessing that structure's->exp_tasks field.
[ paulmck: Apply Frederic Weisbecker feedback. ]
Acked-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The call to synchronize_srcu() from rcu_tasks_postscan() can be stalled
by a task getting stuck in do_exit() between that function's calls to
exit_tasks_rcu_start() and exit_tasks_rcu_finish(). To ease diagnosis
of this situation, print a stall warning message every rcu_task_stall_info
period when rcu_tasks_postscan() is stalled.
[ paulmck: Adjust to handle CONFIG_SMP=n. ]
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Reported-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rcu/20230111212736.GA1062057@paulmck-ThinkPad-P17-Gen-1/
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
According to the commit log of the patch that added it to the kernel,
start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited() can be invoked very early, as
in long before rcu_init() has been invoked. But before rcu_init(),
the rcu_data structure's ->mynode field has not yet been initialized.
This means that the start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited() function's
attempt to set the CPU's leaf rcu_node structure's ->exp_seq_poll_rq
field will result in a segmentation fault.
This commit therefore causes start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited() to
set ->exp_seq_poll_rq only after rcu_init() has initialized all CPUs'
rcu_data structures' ->mynode fields. It also removes the check from
the rcu_init() function so that start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited(
is unconditionally invoked. Yes, this might result in an unnecessary
boot-time grace period, but this is down in the noise.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The rcu_accelerate_cbs() function is invoked by rcu_report_qs_rdp()
only if there is a grace period in progress that is still blocked
by at least one CPU on this rcu_node structure. This means that
rcu_accelerate_cbs() should never return the value true, and thus that
this function should never set the needwake variable and in turn never
invoke rcu_gp_kthread_wake().
This commit therefore removes the needwake variable and the invocation
of rcu_gp_kthread_wake() in favor of a WARN_ON_ONCE() on the call to
rcu_accelerate_cbs(). The purpose of this new WARN_ON_ONCE() is to
detect situations where the system's opinion differs from ours.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The lazy_rcu_shrink_count() shrinker function is registered even in
kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=n, in which case this function
uselessly consumes cycles learning that no CPU has any lazy callbacks
queued.
This commit therefore registers this shrinker function only in the kernels
built with CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=y, where it might actually do something useful.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
For kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y, the following scenario can result
in the scheduling-clock interrupt remaining enabled on a holdout CPU after
its quiescent state has been reported:
CPU1 CPU2
rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult synchronize_rcu_expedited_wait
acquires rnp->lock mask = rnp->expmask;
for_each_leaf_node_cpu_mask(rnp, cpu, mask)
rnp->expmask = rnp->expmask & ~mask; rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu1);
for_each_leaf_node_cpu_mask(rnp, cpu, mask)
rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu1);
if (!rdp->rcu_forced_tick_exp)
continue; rdp->rcu_forced_tick_exp = true;
tick_dep_set_cpu(cpu1, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU_EXP);
The problem is that CPU2's sampling of rnp->expmask is obsolete by the
time it invokes tick_dep_set_cpu(), and CPU1 is not guaranteed to see
CPU2's store to ->rcu_forced_tick_exp in time to clear it. And even if
CPU1 does see that store, it might invoke tick_dep_clear_cpu() before
CPU2 got around to executing its tick_dep_set_cpu(), which would still
leave the victim CPU with its scheduler-clock tick running.
Either way, an nohz_full real-time application running on the victim
CPU would have its latency needlessly degraded.
Note that expedited RCU grace periods look at context-tracking
information, and so if the CPU is executing in nohz_full usermode
throughout, that CPU cannot be victimized in this manner.
This commit therefore causes synchronize_rcu_expedited_wait to hold
the rcu_node structure's ->lock when checking for holdout CPUs, setting
TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU_EXP, and invoking tick_dep_set_cpu(), thus preventing
this race.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Now that all references to CONFIG_SRCU have been removed, it is time to
remove CONFIG_SRCU itself.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
This commit adds a comment to help explain why the "else" clause of the
in_serving_softirq() "if" statement does not need to enforce a time limit.
The reason is that this "else" clause handles rcuoc kthreads that do not
block handlers for other softirq vectors.
Acked-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
There is an smp_mb() named "E" in srcu_flip() immediately before the
increment (flip) of the srcu_struct structure's ->srcu_idx.
The purpose of E is to order the preceding scan's read of lock counters
against the flipping of the ->srcu_idx, in order to prevent new readers
from continuing to use the old ->srcu_idx value, which might needlessly
extend the grace period.
However, this ordering is already enforced because of the control
dependency between the preceding scan and the ->srcu_idx flip.
This control dependency exists because atomic_long_read() is used
to scan the counts, because WRITE_ONCE() is used to flip ->srcu_idx,
and because ->srcu_idx is not flipped until the ->srcu_lock_count[] and
->srcu_unlock_count[] counts match. And such a match cannot happen when
there is an in-flight reader that started before the flip (observation
courtesy Mathieu Desnoyers).
The litmus test below (courtesy of Frederic Weisbecker, with changes
for ctrldep by Boqun and Joel) shows this:
C srcu
(*
* bad condition: P0's first scan (SCAN1) saw P1's idx=0 LOCK count inc, though P1 saw flip.
*
* So basically, the ->po ordering on both P0 and P1 is enforced via ->ppo
* (control deps) on both sides, and both P0 and P1 are interconnected by ->rf
* relations. Combining the ->ppo with ->rf, a cycle is impossible.
*)
{}
// updater
P0(int *IDX, int *LOCK0, int *UNLOCK0, int *LOCK1, int *UNLOCK1)
{
int lock1;
int unlock1;
int lock0;
int unlock0;
// SCAN1
unlock1 = READ_ONCE(*UNLOCK1);
smp_mb(); // A
lock1 = READ_ONCE(*LOCK1);
// FLIP
if (lock1 == unlock1) { // Control dep
smp_mb(); // E // Remove E and still passes.
WRITE_ONCE(*IDX, 1);
smp_mb(); // D
// SCAN2
unlock0 = READ_ONCE(*UNLOCK0);
smp_mb(); // A
lock0 = READ_ONCE(*LOCK0);
}
}
// reader
P1(int *IDX, int *LOCK0, int *UNLOCK0, int *LOCK1, int *UNLOCK1)
{
int tmp;
int idx1;
int idx2;
// 1st reader
idx1 = READ_ONCE(*IDX);
if (idx1 == 0) { // Control dep
tmp = READ_ONCE(*LOCK0);
WRITE_ONCE(*LOCK0, tmp + 1);
smp_mb(); /* B and C */
tmp = READ_ONCE(*UNLOCK0);
WRITE_ONCE(*UNLOCK0, tmp + 1);
} else {
tmp = READ_ONCE(*LOCK1);
WRITE_ONCE(*LOCK1, tmp + 1);
smp_mb(); /* B and C */
tmp = READ_ONCE(*UNLOCK1);
WRITE_ONCE(*UNLOCK1, tmp + 1);
}
}
exists (0:lock1=1 /\ 1:idx1=1)
More complicated litmus tests with multiple SRCU readers also show that
memory barrier E is not needed.
This commit therefore clarifies the comment on memory barrier E.
Why not also remove that redundant smp_mb()?
Because control dependencies are quite fragile due to their not being
recognized by most compilers and tools. Control dependencies therefore
exact an ongoing maintenance burden, and such a burden cannot be justified
in this slowpath. Therefore, that smp_mb() stays until such time as
its overhead becomes a measurable problem in a real workload running on
a real production system, or until such time as compilers start paying
attention to this sort of control dependency.
Co-developed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Co-developed-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Co-developed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The state space of the GP sequence number isn't documented and the
definitions of its special values are scattered. This commit therefore
gathers some common knowledge near the grace-period sequence-number
definitions.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
This commit creates an srcu_usage pointer named "sup" as a shorter
synonym for the "ssp->srcu_sup" that was bloating several lines of code.
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit creates an srcu_usage pointer named "sup" as a shorter
synonym for the "ssp->srcu_sup" that was bloating several lines of code.
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit creates an srcu_usage pointer named "sup" as a shorter
synonym for the "ssp->srcu_sup" that was bloating several lines of code.
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit creates an srcu_usage pointer named "sup" as a shorter
synonym for the "ssp->srcu_sup" that was bloating several lines of code.
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
If a given statically allocated in-module srcu_struct structure was ever
used for updates, srcu_module_going() will invoke cleanup_srcu_struct()
at module-exit time. This will check for the error case of SRCU readers
persisting past module-exit time. On the other hand, if this srcu_struct
structure never went through a grace period, srcu_module_going() only
invokes free_percpu(), which would result in strange failures if SRCU
readers persisted past module-exit time.
This commit therefore adds a srcu_readers_active() check to
srcu_module_going(), splatting if readers have persisted and refraining
from invoking free_percpu() in that case. Better to leak memory than
to suffer silent memory corruption!
[ paulmck: Apply Zhang, Qiang1 feedback on memory leak. ]
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit moves the ->reschedule_jiffies, ->reschedule_count, and
->work fields from the srcu_struct structure to the srcu_usage structure
to reduce the size of the former in order to improve cache locality.
However, this means that the container_of() calls cannot get a pointer
to the srcu_struct because they are no longer in the srcu_struct.
This issue is addressed by adding a ->srcu_ssp field in the srcu_usage
structure that references the corresponding srcu_struct structure.
And given the presence of the sup pointer to the srcu_usage structure,
replace some ssp->srcu_usage-> instances with sup->.
[ paulmck Apply feedback from kernel test robot. ]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202303191400.iO5BOqka-lkp@intel.com/
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit moves the ->srcu_barrier_seq, ->srcu_barrier_mutex,
->srcu_barrier_completion, and ->srcu_barrier_cpu_cnt fields from the
srcu_struct structure to the srcu_usage structure to reduce the size of
the former in order to improve cache locality.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit moves the ->sda_is_static field from the srcu_struct structure
to the srcu_usage structure to reduce the size of the former in order
to improve cache locality.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit moves the ->srcu_size_jiffies, ->srcu_n_lock_retries,
and ->srcu_n_exp_nodelay fields from the srcu_struct structure to the
srcu_usage structure to reduce the size of the former in order to improve
cache locality.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit moves the ->srcu_gp_seq, ->srcu_gp_seq_needed,
->srcu_gp_seq_needed_exp, ->srcu_gp_start, and ->srcu_last_gp_end fields
from the srcu_struct structure to the srcu_usage structure to reduce
the size of the former in order to improve cache locality.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit moves the ->srcu_gp_mutex field from the srcu_struct structure
to the srcu_usage structure to reduce the size of the former in order
to improve cache locality.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit moves the ->lock field from the srcu_struct structure to
the srcu_usage structure to reduce the size of the former in order to
improve cache locality.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Paul E. McKenney