The only use of I_DIRTY_TIME_EXPIRE is to detect in
__writeback_single_inode() that inode got there because flush worker
decided it's time to writeback the dirty inode time stamps (either
because we are syncing or because of age). However we can detect this
directly in __writeback_single_inode() and there's no need for the
strange propagation with I_DIRTY_TIME_EXPIRE flag.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
When we are processing writeback for sync(2), move_expired_inodes()
didn't set any inode expiry value (older_than_this). This can result in
writeback never completing if there's steady stream of inodes added to
b_dirty_time list as writeback rechecks dirty lists after each writeback
round whether there's more work to be done. Fix the problem by using
sync(2) start time is inode expiry value when processing b_dirty_time
list similarly as for ordinarily dirtied inodes. This requires some
refactoring of older_than_this handling which simplifies the code
noticeably as a bonus.
Fixes: 0ae45f63d4 ("vfs: add support for a lazytime mount option")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Inode's i_io_list list head is used to attach inode to several different
lists - wb->{b_dirty, b_dirty_time, b_io, b_more_io}. When flush worker
prepares a list of inodes to writeback e.g. for sync(2), it moves inodes
to b_io list. Thus it is critical for sync(2) data integrity guarantees
that inode is not requeued to any other writeback list when inode is
queued for processing by flush worker. That's the reason why
writeback_single_inode() does not touch i_io_list (unless the inode is
completely clean) and why __mark_inode_dirty() does not touch i_io_list
if I_SYNC flag is set.
However there are two flaws in the current logic:
1) When inode has only I_DIRTY_TIME set but it is already queued in b_io
list due to sync(2), concurrent __mark_inode_dirty(inode, I_DIRTY_SYNC)
can still move inode back to b_dirty list resulting in skipping
writeback of inode time stamps during sync(2).
2) When inode is on b_dirty_time list and writeback_single_inode() races
with __mark_inode_dirty() like:
writeback_single_inode() __mark_inode_dirty(inode, I_DIRTY_PAGES)
inode->i_state |= I_SYNC
__writeback_single_inode()
inode->i_state |= I_DIRTY_PAGES;
if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC)
bail
if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL))
- not true so nothing done
We end up with I_DIRTY_PAGES inode on b_dirty_time list and thus
standard background writeback will not writeback this inode leading to
possible dirty throttling stalls etc. (thanks to Martijn Coenen for this
analysis).
Fix these problems by tracking whether inode is queued in b_io or
b_more_io lists in a new I_SYNC_QUEUED flag. When this flag is set, we
know flush worker has queued inode and we should not touch i_io_list.
On the other hand we also know that once flush worker is done with the
inode it will requeue the inode to appropriate dirty list. When
I_SYNC_QUEUED is not set, __mark_inode_dirty() can (and must) move inode
to appropriate dirty list.
Reported-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com>
Reviewed-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com>
Tested-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Fixes: 0ae45f63d4 ("vfs: add support for a lazytime mount option")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Currently, operations on inode->i_io_list are protected by
wb->list_lock. In the following patches we'll need to maintain
consistency between inode->i_state and inode->i_io_list so change the
code so that inode->i_lock protects also all inode's i_io_list handling.
Reviewed-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # Prerequisite for "writeback: Avoid skipping inode writeback"
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
* Fix performance problems found in dioread_nolock now that it is the
default, caused by transaction leaks.
* Clean up fiemap handling in ext4
* Clean up and refactor multiple block allocator (mballoc) code
* Fix a problem with mballoc with a smaller file systems running out
of blocks because they couldn't properly use blocks that had been
reserved by inode preallocation.
* Fixed a race in ext4_sync_parent() versus rename()
* Simplify the error handling in the extent manipulation code
* Make sure all metadata I/O errors are felected to ext4_ext_dirty()'s and
ext4_make_inode_dirty()'s callers.
* Avoid passing an error pointer to brelse in ext4_xattr_set()
* Fix race which could result to freeing an inode on the dirty last
in data=journal mode.
* Fix refcount handling if ext4_iget() fails
* Fix a crash in generic/019 caused by a corrupted extent node
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iQEyBAABCAAdFiEEK2m5VNv+CHkogTfJ8vlZVpUNgaMFAl7Ze8kACgkQ8vlZVpUN
gaNChAf4xn0ytFSrweI/S2Sp05G/2L/ocZ2TZZk2ZdGeN1E+ABdSIv/zIF9zuFgZ
/pY/C+fyEZWt4E3FlNO8gJzoEedkzMCMnUhSIfI+wZbcclyTOSNMJtnrnJKAEtVH
HOvGZJmg357jy407RCGhZpJ773nwU2xhBTr5OFxvSf9mt/vzebxIOnw5D7HPlC1V
Fgm6Du8q+tRrPsyjv1Yu4pUEVXMJ7qUcvt326AXVM3kCZO1Aa5GrURX0w3J4mzW1
tc1tKmtbLcVVYTo9CwHXhk/edbxrhAydSP2iACand3tK6IJuI6j9x+bBJnxXitnr
vsxsfTYMG18+2SxrJ9LwmagqmrRq
=HMTs
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
"A lot of bug fixes and cleanups for ext4, including:
- Fix performance problems found in dioread_nolock now that it is the
default, caused by transaction leaks.
- Clean up fiemap handling in ext4
- Clean up and refactor multiple block allocator (mballoc) code
- Fix a problem with mballoc with a smaller file systems running out
of blocks because they couldn't properly use blocks that had been
reserved by inode preallocation.
- Fixed a race in ext4_sync_parent() versus rename()
- Simplify the error handling in the extent manipulation code
- Make sure all metadata I/O errors are felected to
ext4_ext_dirty()'s and ext4_make_inode_dirty()'s callers.
- Avoid passing an error pointer to brelse in ext4_xattr_set()
- Fix race which could result to freeing an inode on the dirty last
in data=journal mode.
- Fix refcount handling if ext4_iget() fails
- Fix a crash in generic/019 caused by a corrupted extent node"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (58 commits)
ext4: avoid unnecessary transaction starts during writeback
ext4: don't block for O_DIRECT if IOCB_NOWAIT is set
ext4: remove the access_ok() check in ext4_ioctl_get_es_cache
fs: remove the access_ok() check in ioctl_fiemap
fs: handle FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC in fiemap_prep
fs: move fiemap range validation into the file systems instances
iomap: fix the iomap_fiemap prototype
fs: move the fiemap definitions out of fs.h
fs: mark __generic_block_fiemap static
ext4: remove the call to fiemap_check_flags in ext4_fiemap
ext4: split _ext4_fiemap
ext4: fix fiemap size checks for bitmap files
ext4: fix EXT4_MAX_LOGICAL_BLOCK macro
add comment for ext4_dir_entry_2 file_type member
jbd2: avoid leaking transaction credits when unreserving handle
ext4: drop ext4_journal_free_reserved()
ext4: mballoc: use lock for checking free blocks while retrying
ext4: mballoc: refactor ext4_mb_good_group()
ext4: mballoc: introduce pcpu seqcnt for freeing PA to improve ENOSPC handling
ext4: mballoc: refactor ext4_mb_discard_preallocations()
...
Ext4 needs to remove inode from writeback lists after it is out of
visibility of its journalling machinery (which can still dirty the
inode). Export inode_io_list_del() for it.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200421085445.5731-3-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=HYf4
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'for-5.8/block-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
"Core block changes that have been queued up for this release:
- Remove dead blk-throttle and blk-wbt code (Guoqing)
- Include pid in blktrace note traces (Jan)
- Don't spew I/O errors on wouldblock termination (me)
- Zone append addition (Johannes, Keith, Damien)
- IO accounting improvements (Konstantin, Christoph)
- blk-mq hardware map update improvements (Ming)
- Scheduler dispatch improvement (Salman)
- Inline block encryption support (Satya)
- Request map fixes and improvements (Weiping)
- blk-iocost tweaks (Tejun)
- Fix for timeout failing with error injection (Keith)
- Queue re-run fixes (Douglas)
- CPU hotplug improvements (Christoph)
- Queue entry/exit improvements (Christoph)
- Move DMA drain handling to the few drivers that use it (Christoph)
- Partition handling cleanups (Christoph)"
* tag 'for-5.8/block-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (127 commits)
block: mark bio_wouldblock_error() bio with BIO_QUIET
blk-wbt: rename __wbt_update_limits to wbt_update_limits
blk-wbt: remove wbt_update_limits
blk-throttle: remove tg_drain_bios
blk-throttle: remove blk_throtl_drain
null_blk: force complete for timeout request
blk-mq: drain I/O when all CPUs in a hctx are offline
blk-mq: add blk_mq_all_tag_iter
blk-mq: open code __blk_mq_alloc_request in blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx
blk-mq: use BLK_MQ_NO_TAG in more places
blk-mq: rename BLK_MQ_TAG_FAIL to BLK_MQ_NO_TAG
blk-mq: move more request initialization to blk_mq_rq_ctx_init
blk-mq: simplify the blk_mq_get_request calling convention
blk-mq: remove the bio argument to ->prepare_request
nvme: force complete cancelled requests
blk-mq: blk-mq: provide forced completion method
block: fix a warning when blkdev.h is included for !CONFIG_BLOCK builds
block: blk-crypto-fallback: remove redundant initialization of variable err
block: reduce part_stat_lock() scope
block: use __this_cpu_add() instead of access by smp_processor_id()
...
After an NFS page has been written it is considered "unstable" until a
COMMIT request succeeds. If the COMMIT fails, the page will be
re-written.
These "unstable" pages are currently accounted as "reclaimable", either
in WB_RECLAIMABLE, or in NR_UNSTABLE_NFS which is included in a
'reclaimable' count. This might have made sense when sending the COMMIT
required a separate action by the VFS/MM (e.g. releasepage() used to
send a COMMIT). However now that all writes generated by ->writepages()
will automatically be followed by a COMMIT (since commit 919e3bd9a8
("NFS: Ensure we commit after writeback is complete")) it makes more
sense to treat them as writeback pages.
So this patch removes NR_UNSTABLE_NFS and accounts unstable pages in
NR_WRITEBACK and WB_WRITEBACK.
A particular effect of this change is that when
wb_check_background_flush() calls wb_over_bg_threshold(), the latter
will report 'true' a lot less often as the 'unstable' pages are no
longer considered 'dirty' (as there is nothing that writeback can do
about them anyway).
Currently wb_check_background_flush() will trigger writeback to NFS even
when there are relatively few dirty pages (if there are lots of unstable
pages), this can result in small writes going to the server (10s of
Kilobytes rather than a Megabyte) which hurts throughput. With this
patch, there are fewer writes which are each larger on average.
Where the NR_UNSTABLE_NFS count was included in statistics
virtual-files, the entry is retained, but the value is hard-coded as
zero. static trace points and warning printks which mentioned this
counter no longer report it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: re-layout comment]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk warning]
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> [mm]
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87d06j7gqa.fsf@notabene.neil.brown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The name is only printed for a not registered bdi in writeback. Use the
device name there as is more useful anyway for the unlike case that the
warning triggers.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Without memcg, there is a one-to-one mapping between the bdi and
bdi_writeback structures. In this world, things are fairly
straightforward; the first thing bdi_unregister() does is to shutdown
the bdi_writeback structure (or wb), and part of that writeback ensures
that no other work queued against the wb, and that the wb is fully
drained.
With memcg, however, there is a one-to-many relationship between the bdi
and bdi_writeback structures; that is, there are multiple wb objects
which can all point to a single bdi. There is a refcount which prevents
the bdi object from being released (and hence, unregistered). So in
theory, the bdi_unregister() *should* only get called once its refcount
goes to zero (bdi_put will drop the refcount, and when it is zero,
release_bdi gets called, which calls bdi_unregister).
Unfortunately, del_gendisk() in block/gen_hd.c never got the memo about
the Brave New memcg World, and calls bdi_unregister directly. It does
this without informing the file system, or the memcg code, or anything
else. This causes the root wb associated with the bdi to be
unregistered, but none of the memcg-specific wb's are shutdown. So when
one of these wb's are woken up to do delayed work, they try to
dereference their wb->bdi->dev to fetch the device name, but
unfortunately bdi->dev is now NULL, thanks to the bdi_unregister()
called by del_gendisk(). As a result, *boom*.
Fortunately, it looks like the rest of the writeback path is perfectly
happy with bdi->dev and bdi->owner being NULL, so the simplest fix is to
create a bdi_dev_name() function which can handle bdi->dev being NULL.
This also allows us to bulletproof the writeback tracepoints to prevent
them from dereferencing a NULL pointer and crashing the kernel if one is
tracing with memcg's enabled, and an iSCSI device dies or a USB storage
stick is pulled.
The most common way of triggering this will be hotremoval of a device
while writeback with memcg enabled is going on. It was triggering
several times a day in a heavily loaded production environment.
Google Bug Id: 145475544
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191227194829.150110-1-tytso@mit.edu
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191228005211.163952-1-tytso@mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
cgroup writeback tries to refresh the associated wb immediately if the
current wb is dead. This is to avoid keeping issuing IOs on the stale
wb after memcg - blkcg association has changed (ie. when blkcg got
disabled / enabled higher up in the hierarchy).
Unfortunately, the logic gets triggered spuriously on inodes which are
associated with dead cgroups. When the logic is triggered on dead
cgroups, the attempt fails only after doing quite a bit of work
allocating and initializing a new wb.
While c3aab9a0bd ("mm/filemap.c: don't initiate writeback if mapping
has no dirty pages") alleviated the issue significantly as it now only
triggers when the inode has dirty pages. However, the condition can
still be triggered before the inode is switched to a different cgroup
and the logic simply doesn't make sense.
Skip the immediate switching if the associated memcg is dying.
This is a simplified version of the following two patches:
* https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20190513183053.GA73423@dennisz-mbp/
* http://lkml.kernel.org/r/156355839560.2063.5265687291430814589.stgit@buzz
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Fixes: e8a7abf5a5 ("writeback: disassociate inodes from dying bdi_writebacks")
Acked-by: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
cgroup foreign inode handling has quite a bit of heuristics and
internal states which sometimes makes it difficult to understand
what's going on. Add tracepoints to improve visibility.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Implement cgroup_writeback_by_id() which initiates cgroup writeback
from bdi and memcg IDs. This will be used by memcg foreign inode
flushing.
v2: Use wb_get_lookup() instead of wb_get_create() to avoid creating
spurious wbs.
v3: Interpret 0 @nr as 1.25 * nr_dirty to implement best-effort
flushing while avoding possible livelocks.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
wb_completion is used to track writeback completions. We want to use
it from memcg side for foreign inode flushes. This patch updates it
to remember the target waitq instead of assuming bdi->wb_waitq and
expose it outside of fs-writeback.c.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
As inode wb switching may make sync(2) miss some inodes, they're
synchronized using wb_switch_rwsem so that no wb switching happens
while sync(2) is in progress. In addition to synchronizing the actual
switching, the rwsem is also used to prevent queueing new switch
attempts while sync(2) is in progress. This is to avoid queueing too
many instances while the rwsem is held by sync(2). Unfortunately,
this is too agressive and can block wb switching for a long time if
sync(2) is frequent.
The goal is avoiding expolding the number of scheduled switches, not
avoiding scheduling anything. Let's use wb_switch_rwsem only for
synchronizing the actual switching and sync(2) and use
isw_nr_in_flight instead for limiting the maximum number of scheduled
switches. The limit is set to 1024 which should be more than enough
while still avoiding extreme situations.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
WB_FRN_TIME_CUT_DIV is used to tell the foreign inode detection logic
to ignore short writeback rounds to prevent getting confused by a
burst of short writebacks. The parameter is currently 2 meaning that
anything smaller than half of the running average writback duration
will be ignored.
This is unnecessarily aggressive. The detection logic uses 16 history
slots and is already reasonably protected against some short bursts
confusing it and the current parameter can lead to tens of seconds of
missed detection depending on the writeback pattern.
Let's change the parameter to 8, so that it only ignores writeback
with are smaller than 12.5% of the current running average.
v2: Add comment explaining what's going on with the foreign detection
parameters.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
When writeback IOs are bounced through async layers, the IOs should
only be accounted against the wbc from the original bdi writeback to
avoid confusing cgroup inode ownership arbitration. Add
wbc->no_cgroup_owner to allow disabling wbc cgroup owner accounting.
This will be used make btrfs compression work well with cgroup IO
control.
v2: Renamed from no_wbc_acct to no_cgroup_owner and added comment as
per Jan.
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
wbc_account_io() does a very specific job - try to see which cgroup is
actually dirtying an inode and transfer its ownership to the majority
dirtier if needed. The name is too generic and confusing. Let's
rename it to something more specific.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
btrfs is going to use css_put() and wbc helpers to improve cgroup
writeback support. Add dummy css_get() definition and export wbc
helpers to prepare for module and !CONFIG_CGROUP builds.
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
wbc_account_io() collects information on cgroup ownership of writeback
pages to determine which cgroup should own the inode. Pages can stay
associated with dead memcgs but we want to avoid attributing IOs to
dead blkcgs as much as possible as the association is likely to be
stale. However, currently, pages associated with dead memcgs
contribute to the accounting delaying and/or confusing the
arbitration.
Fix it by ignoring pages associated with dead memcgs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:
- Have no license information of any form
- Have EXPORT_.*_SYMBOL_GPL inside which was used in the
initial scan/conversion to ignore the file
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
synchronize_rcu() didn't wait for call_rcu() callbacks, so inode wb
switch may not go to the workqueue after synchronize_rcu(). Thus
previous scheduled switches was not finished even flushing the
workqueue, which will cause a NULL pointer dereferenced followed below.
VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of vdd. Self-destruct in 5 seconds. Have a nice day...
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000278
evict+0xb3/0x180
iput+0x1b0/0x230
inode_switch_wbs_work_fn+0x3c0/0x6a0
worker_thread+0x4e/0x490
? process_one_work+0x410/0x410
kthread+0xe6/0x100
ret_from_fork+0x39/0x50
Replace the synchronize_rcu() call with a rcu_barrier() to wait for all
pending callbacks to finish. And inc isw_nr_in_flight after call_rcu()
in inode_switch_wbs() to make more sense.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190429024108.54150-1-jiufei.xue@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Jiufei Xue <jiufei.xue@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sync_inodes_sb() can race against cgwb (cgroup writeback) membership
switches and fail to writeback some inodes. For example, if an inode
switches to another wb while sync_inodes_sb() is in progress, the new
wb might not be visible to bdi_split_work_to_wbs() at all or the inode
might jump from a wb which hasn't issued writebacks yet to one which
already has.
This patch adds backing_dev_info->wb_switch_rwsem to synchronize cgwb
switch path against sync_inodes_sb() so that sync_inodes_sb() is
guaranteed to see all the target wbs and inodes can't jump wbs to
escape syncing.
v2: Fixed misplaced rwsem init. Spotted by Jiufei.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Jiufei Xue <xuejiufei@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/dc694ae2-f07f-61e1-7097-7c8411cee12d@gmail.com
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Syzbot has reported that it can hit a NULL pointer dereference in
wb_workfn() due to wb->bdi->dev being NULL. This indicates that
wb_workfn() was called for an already unregistered bdi which should not
happen as wb_shutdown() called from bdi_unregister() should make sure
all pending writeback works are completed before bdi is unregistered.
Except that wb_workfn() itself can requeue the work with:
mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, 0);
and if this happens while wb_shutdown() is waiting in:
flush_delayed_work(&wb->dwork);
the dwork can get executed after wb_shutdown() has finished and
bdi_unregister() has cleared wb->bdi->dev.
Make wb_workfn() use wakeup_wb() for requeueing the work which takes all
the necessary precautions against racing with bdi unregistration.
CC: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
CC: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Fixes: 839a8e8660
Reported-by: syzbot <syzbot+9873874c735f2892e7e9@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
lock_page_memcg()/unlock_page_memcg() use spin_lock_irqsave/restore() if
the page's memcg is undergoing move accounting, which occurs when a
process leaves its memcg for a new one that has
memory.move_charge_at_immigrate set.
unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin,end() use spin_lock_irq/spin_unlock_irq() if
the given inode is switching writeback domains. Switches occur when
enough writes are issued from a new domain.
This existing pattern is thus suspicious:
lock_page_memcg(page);
unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
...
unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
unlock_page_memcg(page);
If both inode switch and process memcg migration are both in-flight then
unlocked_inode_to_wb_end() will unconditionally enable interrupts while
still holding the lock_page_memcg() irq spinlock. This suggests the
possibility of deadlock if an interrupt occurs before unlock_page_memcg().
truncate
__cancel_dirty_page
lock_page_memcg
unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin
unlocked_inode_to_wb_end
<interrupts mistakenly enabled>
<interrupt>
end_page_writeback
test_clear_page_writeback
lock_page_memcg
<deadlock>
unlock_page_memcg
Due to configuration limitations this deadlock is not currently possible
because we don't mix cgroup writeback (a cgroupv2 feature) and
memory.move_charge_at_immigrate (a cgroupv1 feature).
If the kernel is hacked to always claim inode switching and memcg
moving_account, then this script triggers lockup in less than a minute:
cd /mnt/cgroup/memory
mkdir a b
echo 1 > a/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate
echo 1 > b/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate
(
echo $BASHPID > a/cgroup.procs
while true; do
dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/big bs=1M count=256
done
) &
while true; do
sync
done &
sleep 1h &
SLEEP=$!
while true; do
echo $SLEEP > a/cgroup.procs
echo $SLEEP > b/cgroup.procs
done
The deadlock does not seem possible, so it's debatable if there's any
reason to modify the kernel. I suggest we should to prevent future
surprises. And Wang Long said "this deadlock occurs three times in our
environment", so there's more reason to apply this, even to stable.
Stable 4.4 has minor conflicts applying this patch. For a clean 4.4 patch
see "[PATCH for-4.4] writeback: safer lock nesting"
https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/4/11/146
Wang Long said "this deadlock occurs three times in our environment"
[gthelen@google.com: v4]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180411084653.254724-1-gthelen@google.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: comment tweaks, struct initialization simplification]
Change-Id: Ibb773e8045852978f6207074491d262f1b3fb613
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180410005908.167976-1-gthelen@google.com
Fixes: 682aa8e1a6 ("writeback: implement unlocked_inode_to_wb transaction and use it for stat updates")
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Reported-by: Wang Long <wanglong19@meituan.com>
Acked-by: Wang Long <wanglong19@meituan.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [v4.2+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the address_space ->tree_lock and use the xa_lock newly added to
the radix_tree_root. Rename the address_space ->page_tree to ->i_pages,
since we don't really care that it's a tree.
[willy@infradead.org: fix nds32, fs/dax.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180406145415.GB20605@bombadil.infradead.orgLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313132639.17387-9-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
And use it in a few more places rather than opencoding the values.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
The @head can be wb->b_dirty_time, so update the comment.
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Wang Long <wanglong19@meituan.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
This is a pure automated search-and-replace of the internal kernel
superblock flags.
The s_flags are now called SB_*, with the names and the values for the
moment mirroring the MS_* flags that they're equivalent to.
Note how the MS_xyz flags are the ones passed to the mount system call,
while the SB_xyz flags are what we then use in sb->s_flags.
The script to do this was:
# places to look in; re security/*: it generally should *not* be
# touched (that stuff parses mount(2) arguments directly), but
# there are two places where we really deal with superblock flags.
FILES="drivers/mtd drivers/staging/lustre fs ipc mm \
include/linux/fs.h include/uapi/linux/bfs_fs.h \
security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c security/apparmor/include/lib.h"
# the list of MS_... constants
SYMS="RDONLY NOSUID NODEV NOEXEC SYNCHRONOUS REMOUNT MANDLOCK \
DIRSYNC NOATIME NODIRATIME BIND MOVE REC VERBOSE SILENT \
POSIXACL UNBINDABLE PRIVATE SLAVE SHARED RELATIME KERNMOUNT \
I_VERSION STRICTATIME LAZYTIME SUBMOUNT NOREMOTELOCK NOSEC BORN \
ACTIVE NOUSER"
SED_PROG=
for i in $SYMS; do SED_PROG="$SED_PROG -e s/MS_$i/SB_$i/g"; done
# we want files that contain at least one of MS_...,
# with fs/namespace.c and fs/pnode.c excluded.
L=$(for i in $SYMS; do git grep -w -l MS_$i $FILES; done| sort|uniq|grep -v '^fs/namespace.c'|grep -v '^fs/pnode.c')
for f in $L; do sed -i $f $SED_PROG; done
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 925a6efb8f ("Btrfs: stop using
try_to_writeback_inodes_sb_nr to flush delalloc") this function hasn't
been used outside so stop exporting it.
In addition we merge it into try_to_writeback_inodes_sb() which is the
only caller. Also change return type of try_to_writeback_inodes_sb to
void as the only user ext4 doesn't care.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Rakesh Pandit <rakesh@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Handle start-all writeback like we do periodic or kupdate
style writeback - by marking the bdi_writeback as needing a full
flush, and simply waking the thread. This eliminates the need to
allocate and queue a specific work item just for this purpose.
After this change, we truly only ever have one of them running at
any point in time. We mark the need to start all flushes, and the
writeback thread will clear it once it has processed the request.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
When someone calls wakeup_flusher_threads() or
wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(), they schedule writeback of all dirty
pages in the system (or on that bdi). If we are tight on memory, we
can get tons of these queued from kswapd/vmscan. This causes (at
least) two problems:
1) We consume a ton of memory just allocating writeback work items.
We've seen as much as 600 million of these writeback work items
pending. That's a lot of memory to pointlessly hold hostage,
while the box is under memory pressure.
2) We spend so much time processing these work items, that we
introduce a softlockup in writeback processing. This is because
each of the writeback work items don't end up doing any work (it's
hard when you have millions of identical ones coming in to the
flush machinery), so we just sit in a tight loop pulling work
items and deleting/freeing them.
Fix this by adding a 'start_all' bit to the writeback structure, and
set that when someone attempts to flush all dirty pages. The bit is
cleared when we start writeback on that work item. If the bit is
already set when we attempt to queue !nr_pages writeback, then we
simply ignore it.
This provides us one full flush in flight, with one pending as well,
and makes for more efficient handling of this type of writeback.
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Now that we have no external callers of wb_start_writeback(), we
can shuffle the passing in of 'nr_pages'. Everybody passes in 0
at this point, so just kill the argument and move the dirty
count retrieval to that function.
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
We don't have any callers outside of fs-writeback.c anymore,
make it private.
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Similar to wakeup_flusher_threads(), except that we only wake
up the flusher threads on the specified backing device.
No functional changes in this patch.
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
We're writing back the full range of dirty pages on the devices,
there's no point in making this special and not do normal range
cyclic writeback.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Everybody is passing in 0 now, let's get rid of the argument.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Currently the writeback statistics code uses a percpu counters to hold
various statistics. Furthermore we have 2 families of functions - those
which disable local irq and those which doesn't and whose names begin
with double underscore. However, they both end up calling
__add_wb_stats which in turn calls percpu_counter_add_batch which is
already irq-safe.
Exploiting this fact allows to eliminated the __wb_* functions since
they don't add any further protection than we already have.
Furthermore, refactor the wb_* function to call __add_wb_stat directly
without the irq-disabling dance. This will likely result in better
runtime of code which deals with modifying the stat counters.
While at it also document why percpu_counter_add_batch is in fact
preempt and irq-safe since at least 3 people got confused.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1498029937-27293-1-git-send-email-nborisov@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sphinx gets confused when it finds identation without a
good reason for it and without a preceding blank line:
./fs/mpage.c:347: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./fs/namei.c:4303: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./fs/fs-writeback.c:2060: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
When WB_registered flag is not set, wb_queue_work() skips queuing the
work, but does not perform the necessary clean up. In particular, if
work->auto_free is true, it should free the memory.
The leak condition can be reprouced by following these steps:
mount /dev/sdb /mnt/sdb
/* In qemu console: device_del sdb */
umount /dev/sdb
Above will result in a wb_queue_work() call on an unregistered wb and
thus leak memory.
Reported-by: John Sperbeck <jsperbeck@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tahsin Erdogan <tahsin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
I've found funny live-lock between raid10 barriers during resync and
memory controller hard limits. Inside mpage_readpages() task holds on to
its plug bio which blocks the barrier in raid10. Its memory cgroup have
no free memory thus the task goes into reclaimer but all reclaimable
pages are dirty and cannot be written because raid10 is rebuilding and
stuck on the barrier.
Common flush of such IO in schedule() never happens, because the caller
doesn't go to sleep.
Lock is 'live' because changing memory limit or killing tasks which
holds that stuck bio unblock whole progress.
That was what happened in 3.18.x but I see no difference in upstream
logic. Theoretically this might happen even without memory cgroup.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
There are now a number of accounting oddities such as mapped file pages
being accounted for on the node while the total number of file pages are
accounted on the zone. This can be coped with to some extent but it's
confusing so this patch moves the relevant file-based accounted. Due to
throttling logic in the page allocator for reliable OOM detection, it is
still necessary to track dirty and writeback pages on a per-zone basis.
[mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING accounting]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468404004-5085-5-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-20-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The per-sb inode writeback list tracks inodes currently under writeback
to facilitate efficient sync processing. In particular, it ensures that
sync only needs to walk through a list of inodes that were cleaned by
the sync.
Add a couple tracepoints to help identify when inodes are added/removed
to and from the writeback lists. Piggyback off of the writeback
lazytime tracepoint template as it already tracks the relevant inode
information.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466594593-6757-3-git-send-email-bfoster@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Holger Hoffstätte <holger.hoffstaette@applied-asynchrony.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
wait_sb_inodes() currently does a walk of all inodes in the filesystem
to find dirty one to wait on during sync. This is highly inefficient
and wastes a lot of CPU when there are lots of clean cached inodes that
we don't need to wait on.
To avoid this "all inode" walk, we need to track inodes that are
currently under writeback that we need to wait for. We do this by
adding inodes to a writeback list on the sb when the mapping is first
tagged as having pages under writeback. wait_sb_inodes() can then walk
this list of "inodes under IO" and wait specifically just for the inodes
that the current sync(2) needs to wait for.
Define a couple helpers to add/remove an inode from the writeback list
and call them when the overall mapping is tagged for or cleared from
writeback. Update wait_sb_inodes() to walk only the inodes under
writeback due to the sync.
With this change, filesystem sync times are significantly reduced for
fs' with largely populated inode caches and otherwise no other work to
do. For example, on a 16xcpu 2GHz x86-64 server, 10TB XFS filesystem
with a ~10m entry inode cache, sync times are reduced from ~7.3s to less
than 0.1s when the filesystem is fully clean.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466594593-6757-2-git-send-email-bfoster@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte <holger.hoffstaette@applied-asynchrony.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Jan Kara