Three conflicts, one of which, for marvell10g.c is non-trivial and
requires some follow-up from Heiner or someone else.
The issue is that Heiner converted the marvell10g driver over to
use the generic c45 code as much as possible.
However, in 'net' a bug fix appeared which makes sure that a new
local mask (MDIO_AN_10GBT_CTRL_ADV_NBT_MASK) with value 0x01e0
is cleared.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
trie_delete_elem() was deleting an entry even though it was not matching
if the prefixlen was correct. This patch adds a check on matchlen.
Reproducer:
$ sudo bpftool map create /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm type lpm_trie key 8 value 1 entries 128 name mylpm flags 1
$ sudo bpftool map update pinned /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm key hex 10 00 00 00 aa bb cc dd value hex 01
$ sudo bpftool map dump pinned /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm
key: 10 00 00 00 aa bb cc dd value: 01
Found 1 element
$ sudo bpftool map delete pinned /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm key hex 10 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff
$ echo $?
0
$ sudo bpftool map dump pinned /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm
Found 0 elements
A similar reproducer is added in the selftests.
Without the patch:
$ sudo ./tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_lpm_map
test_lpm_map: test_lpm_map.c:485: test_lpm_delete: Assertion `bpf_map_delete_elem(map_fd, key) == -1 && errno == ENOENT' failed.
Aborted
With the patch: test_lpm_map runs without errors.
Fixes: e454cf5958 ("bpf: Implement map_delete_elem for BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE")
Cc: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alban Crequy <alban@kinvolk.io>
Acked-by: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Alexei Starovoitov says:
====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2019-02-16
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net-next* tree.
The main changes are:
1) numerous libbpf API improvements, from Andrii, Andrey, Yonghong.
2) test all bpf progs in alu32 mode, from Jiong.
3) skb->sk access and bpf_sk_fullsock(), bpf_tcp_sock() helpers, from Martin.
4) support for IP encap in lwt bpf progs, from Peter.
5) remove XDP_QUERY_XSK_UMEM dead code, from Jan.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently bpf_offload_dev does not have any priv pointer, forcing
the drivers to work backwards from the netdev in program metadata.
This is not great given programs are conceptually associated with
the offload device, and it means one or two unnecessary deferences.
Add a priv pointer to bpf_offload_dev.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
This patch adds a helper function BPF_FUNC_tcp_sock and it
is currently available for cg_skb and sched_(cls|act):
struct bpf_tcp_sock *bpf_tcp_sock(struct bpf_sock *sk);
int cg_skb_foo(struct __sk_buff *skb) {
struct bpf_tcp_sock *tp;
struct bpf_sock *sk;
__u32 snd_cwnd;
sk = skb->sk;
if (!sk)
return 1;
tp = bpf_tcp_sock(sk);
if (!tp)
return 1;
snd_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd;
/* ... */
return 1;
}
A 'struct bpf_tcp_sock' is also added to the uapi bpf.h to provide
read-only access. bpf_tcp_sock has all the existing tcp_sock's fields
that has already been exposed by the bpf_sock_ops.
i.e. no new tcp_sock's fields are exposed in bpf.h.
This helper returns a pointer to the tcp_sock. If it is not a tcp_sock
or it cannot be traced back to a tcp_sock by sk_to_full_sk(), it
returns NULL. Hence, the caller needs to check for NULL before
accessing it.
The current use case is to expose members from tcp_sock
to allow a cg_skb_bpf_prog to provide per cgroup traffic
policing/shaping.
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
In kernel, it is common to check "skb->sk && sk_fullsock(skb->sk)"
before accessing the fields in sock. For example, in __netdev_pick_tx:
static u16 __netdev_pick_tx(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb,
struct net_device *sb_dev)
{
/* ... */
struct sock *sk = skb->sk;
if (queue_index != new_index && sk &&
sk_fullsock(sk) &&
rcu_access_pointer(sk->sk_dst_cache))
sk_tx_queue_set(sk, new_index);
/* ... */
return queue_index;
}
This patch adds a "struct bpf_sock *sk" pointer to the "struct __sk_buff"
where a few of the convert_ctx_access() in filter.c has already been
accessing the skb->sk sock_common's fields,
e.g. sock_ops_convert_ctx_access().
"__sk_buff->sk" is a PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON_OR_NULL in the verifier.
Some of the fileds in "bpf_sock" will not be directly
accessible through the "__sk_buff->sk" pointer. It is limited
by the new "bpf_sock_common_is_valid_access()".
e.g. The existing "type", "protocol", "mark" and "priority" in bpf_sock
are not allowed.
The newly added "struct bpf_sock *bpf_sk_fullsock(struct bpf_sock *sk)"
can be used to get a sk with all accessible fields in "bpf_sock".
This helper is added to both cg_skb and sched_(cls|act).
int cg_skb_foo(struct __sk_buff *skb) {
struct bpf_sock *sk;
sk = skb->sk;
if (!sk)
return 1;
sk = bpf_sk_fullsock(sk);
if (!sk)
return 1;
if (sk->family != AF_INET6 || sk->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP)
return 1;
/* some_traffic_shaping(); */
return 1;
}
(1) The sk is read only
(2) There is no new "struct bpf_sock_common" introduced.
(3) Future kernel sock's members could be added to bpf_sock only
instead of repeatedly adding at multiple places like currently
in bpf_sock_ops_md, bpf_sock_addr_md, sk_reuseport_md...etc.
(4) After "sk = skb->sk", the reg holding sk is in type
PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON_OR_NULL.
(5) After bpf_sk_fullsock(), the return type will be in type
PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL which is the same as the return type of
bpf_sk_lookup_xxx().
However, bpf_sk_fullsock() does not take refcnt. The
acquire_reference_state() is only depending on the return type now.
To avoid it, a new is_acquire_function() is checked before calling
acquire_reference_state().
(6) The WARN_ON in "release_reference_state()" is no longer an
internal verifier bug.
When reg->id is not found in state->refs[], it means the
bpf_prog does something wrong like
"bpf_sk_release(bpf_sk_fullsock(skb->sk))" where reference has
never been acquired by calling "bpf_sk_fullsock(skb->sk)".
A -EINVAL and a verbose are done instead of WARN_ON. A test is
added to the test_verifier in a later patch.
Since the WARN_ON in "release_reference_state()" is no longer
needed, "__release_reference_state()" is folded into
"release_reference_state()" also.
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
An ipvlan bug fix in 'net' conflicted with the abstraction away
of the IPV6 specific support in 'net-next'.
Similarly, a bug fix for mlx5 in 'net' conflicted with the flow
action conversion in 'net-next'.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Introduce BPF_F_LOCK flag for map_lookup and map_update syscall commands
and for map_update() helper function.
In all these cases take a lock of existing element (which was provided
in BTF description) before copying (in or out) the rest of map value.
Implementation details that are part of uapi:
Array:
The array map takes the element lock for lookup/update.
Hash:
hash map also takes the lock for lookup/update and tries to avoid the bucket lock.
If old element exists it takes the element lock and updates the element in place.
If element doesn't exist it allocates new one and inserts into hash table
while holding the bucket lock.
In rare case the hashmap has to take both the bucket lock and the element lock
to update old value in place.
Cgroup local storage:
It is similar to array. update in place and lookup are done with lock taken.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Introduce 'struct bpf_spin_lock' and bpf_spin_lock/unlock() helpers to let
bpf program serialize access to other variables.
Example:
struct hash_elem {
int cnt;
struct bpf_spin_lock lock;
};
struct hash_elem * val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&hash_map, &key);
if (val) {
bpf_spin_lock(&val->lock);
val->cnt++;
bpf_spin_unlock(&val->lock);
}
Restrictions and safety checks:
- bpf_spin_lock is only allowed inside HASH and ARRAY maps.
- BTF description of the map is mandatory for safety analysis.
- bpf program can take one bpf_spin_lock at a time, since two or more can
cause dead locks.
- only one 'struct bpf_spin_lock' is allowed per map element.
It drastically simplifies implementation yet allows bpf program to use
any number of bpf_spin_locks.
- when bpf_spin_lock is taken the calls (either bpf2bpf or helpers) are not allowed.
- bpf program must bpf_spin_unlock() before return.
- bpf program can access 'struct bpf_spin_lock' only via
bpf_spin_lock()/bpf_spin_unlock() helpers.
- load/store into 'struct bpf_spin_lock lock;' field is not allowed.
- to use bpf_spin_lock() helper the BTF description of map value must be
a struct and have 'struct bpf_spin_lock anyname;' field at the top level.
Nested lock inside another struct is not allowed.
- syscall map_lookup doesn't copy bpf_spin_lock field to user space.
- syscall map_update and program map_update do not update bpf_spin_lock field.
- bpf_spin_lock cannot be on the stack or inside networking packet.
bpf_spin_lock can only be inside HASH or ARRAY map value.
- bpf_spin_lock is available to root only and to all program types.
- bpf_spin_lock is not allowed in inner maps of map-in-map.
- ld_abs is not allowed inside spin_lock-ed region.
- tracing progs and socket filter progs cannot use bpf_spin_lock due to
insufficient preemption checks
Implementation details:
- cgroup-bpf class of programs can nest with xdp/tc programs.
Hence bpf_spin_lock is equivalent to spin_lock_irqsave.
Other solutions to avoid nested bpf_spin_lock are possible.
Like making sure that all networking progs run with softirq disabled.
spin_lock_irqsave is the simplest and doesn't add overhead to the
programs that don't use it.
- arch_spinlock_t is used when its implemented as queued_spin_lock
- archs can force their own arch_spinlock_t
- on architectures where queued_spin_lock is not available and
sizeof(arch_spinlock_t) != sizeof(__u32) trivial lock is used.
- presence of bpf_spin_lock inside map value could have been indicated via
extra flag during map_create, but specifying it via BTF is cleaner.
It provides introspection for map key/value and reduces user mistakes.
Next steps:
- allow bpf_spin_lock in other map types (like cgroup local storage)
- introduce BPF_F_LOCK flag for bpf_map_update() syscall and helper
to request kernel to grab bpf_spin_lock before rewriting the value.
That will serialize access to map elements.
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
The map_lookup_elem used to not acquiring spinlock
in order to optimize the reader.
It was true until commit 557c0c6e7d ("bpf: convert stackmap to pre-allocation")
The syscall's map_lookup_elem(stackmap) calls bpf_stackmap_copy().
bpf_stackmap_copy() may find the elem no longer needed after the copy is done.
If that is the case, pcpu_freelist_push() saves this elem for reuse later.
This push requires a spinlock.
If a tracing bpf_prog got run in the middle of the syscall's
map_lookup_elem(stackmap) and this tracing bpf_prog is calling
bpf_get_stackid(stackmap) which also requires the same pcpu_freelist's
spinlock, it may end up with a dead lock situation as reported by
Eric Dumazet in https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/1030266/
The situation is the same as the syscall's map_update_elem() which
needs to acquire the pcpu_freelist's spinlock and could race
with tracing bpf_prog. Hence, this patch fixes it by protecting
bpf_stackmap_copy() with this_cpu_inc(bpf_prog_active)
to prevent tracing bpf_prog from running.
A later syscall's map_lookup_elem commit f1a2e44a3a ("bpf: add queue and stack maps")
also acquires a spinlock and races with tracing bpf_prog similarly.
Hence, this patch is forward looking and protects the majority
of the map lookups. bpf_map_offload_lookup_elem() is the exception
since it is for network bpf_prog only (i.e. never called by tracing
bpf_prog).
Fixes: 557c0c6e7d ("bpf: convert stackmap to pre-allocation")
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Disabled preemption is necessary for proper access to per-cpu maps
from BPF programs.
But the sender side of socket filters didn't have preemption disabled:
unix_dgram_sendmsg->sk_filter->sk_filter_trim_cap->bpf_prog_run_save_cb->BPF_PROG_RUN
and a combination of af_packet with tun device didn't disable either:
tpacket_snd->packet_direct_xmit->packet_pick_tx_queue->ndo_select_queue->
tun_select_queue->tun_ebpf_select_queue->bpf_prog_run_clear_cb->BPF_PROG_RUN
Disable preemption before executing BPF programs (both classic and extended).
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Building with W=1 reveals some bitrot:
CC kernel/bpf/cgroup.o
kernel/bpf/cgroup.c:238: warning: Function parameter or member 'flags' not described in '__cgroup_bpf_attach'
kernel/bpf/cgroup.c:367: warning: Function parameter or member 'unused_flags' not described in '__cgroup_bpf_detach'
Add a kerneldoc line for 'flags'.
Fixing the warning for 'unused_flags' is best approached by
removing the unused parameter on the function call.
Signed-off-by: Valdis Kletnieks <valdis.kletnieks@vt.edu>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Over the years, the function signature has changed, but the
kerneldoc block hasn't.
Signed-off-by: Valdis Kletnieks <valdis.kletnieks@vt.edu>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Current implementation does not allow typedef func_proto.
But it is actually allowed.
-bash-4.4$ cat t.c
typedef int (f) (int);
f *g;
-bash-4.4$ clang -O2 -g -c -target bpf t.c -Xclang -target-feature -Xclang +dwarfris
-bash-4.4$ pahole -JV t.o
File t.o:
[1] PTR (anon) type_id=2
[2] TYPEDEF f type_id=3
[3] FUNC_PROTO (anon) return=4 args=(4 (anon))
[4] INT int size=4 bit_offset=0 nr_bits=32 encoding=SIGNED
-bash-4.4$
This patch related btf verifier to allow such (typedef func_proto)
patterns.
Fixes: 2667a2626f ("bpf: btf: Add BTF_KIND_FUNC and BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO")
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Daniel Borkmann says:
====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2019-01-29
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net-next* tree.
The main changes are:
1) Teach verifier dead code removal, this also allows for optimizing /
removing conditional branches around dead code and to shrink the
resulting image. Code store constrained architectures like nfp would
have hard time doing this at JIT level, from Jakub.
2) Add JMP32 instructions to BPF ISA in order to allow for optimizing
code generation for 32-bit sub-registers. Evaluation shows that this
can result in code reduction of ~5-20% compared to 64 bit-only code
generation. Also add implementation for most JITs, from Jiong.
3) Add support for __int128 types in BTF which is also needed for
vmlinux's BTF conversion to work, from Yonghong.
4) Add a new command to bpftool in order to dump a list of BPF-related
parameters from the system or for a specific network device e.g. in
terms of available prog/map types or helper functions, from Quentin.
5) Add AF_XDP sock_diag interface for querying sockets from user
space which provides information about the RX/TX/fill/completion
rings, umem, memory usage etc, from Björn.
6) Add skb context access for skb_shared_info->gso_segs field, from Eric.
7) Add support for testing flow dissector BPF programs by extending
existing BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN infrastructure, from Stanislav.
8) Split BPF kselftest's test_verifier into various subgroups of tests
in order better deal with merge conflicts in this area, from Jakub.
9) Add support for queue/stack manipulations in bpftool, from Stanislav.
10) Document BTF, from Yonghong.
11) Dump supported ELF section names in libbpf on program load
failure, from Taeung.
12) Silence a false positive compiler warning in verifier's BTF
handling, from Peter.
13) Fix help string in bpftool's feature probing, from Prashant.
14) Remove duplicate includes in BPF kselftests, from Yue.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds JIT blinds support for JMP32.
Like BPF_JMP_REG/IMM, JMP32 version are needed for building raw bpf insn.
They are added to both include/linux/filter.h and
tools/include/linux/filter.h.
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This patch implements interpreting new JMP32 instructions.
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This patch teaches disassembler about JMP32. There are two places to
update:
- Class 0x6 now used by BPF_JMP32, not "unused".
- BPF_JMP32 need to show comparison operands properly.
The disassemble format is to add an extra "(32)" before the operands if
it is a sub-register. A better disassemble format for both JMP32 and
ALU32 just show the register prefix as "w" instead of "r", this is the
format using by LLVM assembler.
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This patch teach verifier about the new BPF_JMP32 instruction class.
Verifier need to treat it similar as the existing BPF_JMP class.
A BPF_JMP32 insn needs to go through all checks that have been done on
BPF_JMP.
Also, verifier is doing runtime optimizations based on the extra info
conditional jump instruction could offer, especially when the comparison is
between constant and register that the value range of the register could be
improved based on the comparison results. These code are updated
accordingly.
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
The current min/max code does both signed and unsigned comparisons against
the input argument "val" which is "u64" and there is explicit type casting
when the comparison is signed.
As we will need slightly more complexer type casting when JMP32 introduced,
it is better to host the signed type casting. This makes the code more
clean with ignorable runtime overhead.
Also, code for J*GE/GT/LT/LE and JEQ/JNE are very similar, this patch
combine them.
The main purpose for this refactor is to make sure the min/max code will
still be readable and with minimum code duplication after JMP32 introduced.
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Let offload JITs know when instructions are replaced and optimized
out, so they can update their state appropriately. The optimizations
are best effort, if JIT returns an error from any callback verifier
will stop notifying it as state may now be out of sync, but the
verifier continues making progress.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
The communication between the verifier and advanced JITs is based
on instruction indexes. We have to keep them stable throughout
the optimizations otherwise referring to a particular instruction
gets messy quickly.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Unconditional branches by 0 instructions are basically noops
but they can result from earlier optimizations, e.g. a conditional
jumps which would never be taken or a conditional jump around
dead code.
Remove those branches.
v0.2:
- s/opt_remove_dead_branches/opt_remove_nops/ (Jiong).
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Instead of overwriting dead code with jmp -1 instructions
remove it completely for root. Adjust verifier state and
line info appropriately.
v2:
- adjust func_info (Alexei);
- make sure first instruction retains line info (Alexei).
v4: (Yonghong)
- remove unnecessary if (!insn to remove) checks;
- always keep last line info if first live instruction lacks one.
v5: (Martin Lau)
- improve and clarify comments.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Loading programs with dead code becomes more and more
common, as people begin to patch constants at load time.
Turn conditional jumps to unconditional ones, to avoid
potential branch misprediction penalty.
This optimization is enabled for privileged users only.
For branches which just fall through we could just mark
them as not seen and have dead code removal take care of
them, but that seems less clean.
v0.2:
- don't call capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) twice (Jiong).
v3:
- fix GCC warning;
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
In preparation for code removal change parameters to branch
and call adjustment functions to be more universal. The
current parameters assume we are patching a single instruction
with a longer set.
A diagram may help reading the change, this is for the patch
single case, patching instruction 1 with a replacement of 4:
____
0 |____|
1 |____| <-- pos ^
2 | | <-- end old ^ |
3 | | | delta | len
4 |____| | | (patch region)
5 | | <-- end new v v
6 |____|
end_old = pos + 1
end_new = pos + delta + 1
If we are before the patch region - curr variable and the target
are fully in old coordinates (hence comparing against end_old).
If we are after the region curr is in new coordinates (hence
the comparison to end_new) but target is in mixed coordinates,
so we just check if it falls before end_new, and if so it needs
the adjustment.
Note that we will not fix up branches which land in removed region
in case of removal, which should be okay, as we are only going to
remove dead code.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
There is a plan to build the kernel with -Wimplicit-fallthrough
and this place in the code produced a warnings (W=1).
This commit removes the following warning:
kernel/bpf/cgroup.c:719:6: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=]
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Initially in commit 69b693f0ae ("bpf: btf: Introduce BPF Type Format
(BTF)") the function 'btf_name_offset_valid' was introduced as static
function it was later on changed to a non-static one, and then finally
in commit 23127b33ec ("bpf: Create a new btf_name_by_offset() for
non type name use case") the function prototype was removed.
Revert back to original implementation and make the function static.
Remove warning triggered with W=1:
kernel/bpf/btf.c:470:6: warning: no previous prototype for 'btf_name_offset_valid' [-Wmissing-prototypes]
Fixes: 23127b33ec ("bpf: Create a new btf_name_by_offset() for non type name use case")
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
When returning BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP from stack_map_get_build_id_offset,
make sure that build_id field is empty. Since we are using percpu
free list, there is a possibility that we might reuse some previous
bpf_stack_build_id with non-zero build_id.
Fixes: 615755a77b ("bpf: extend stackmap to save binary_build_id+offset instead of address")
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Build-id length is not fixed to 20, it can be (`man ld` /--build-id):
* 128-bit (uuid)
* 160-bit (sha1)
* any length specified in ld --build-id=0xhexstring
To fix the issue of missing BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID for shorter build-ids,
assume that build-id is somewhere in the range of 1 .. 20.
Set the remaining bytes to zero.
v2:
* don't introduce new "len = min(BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE, nhdr->n_descsz)",
we already know that nhdr->n_descsz <= BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE if we enter
this 'if' condition
Fixes: 615755a77b ("bpf: extend stackmap to save binary_build_id+offset instead of address")
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
An older GCC compiler complains:
kernel/bpf/verifier.c: In function 'bpf_check':
kernel/bpf/verifier.c:4***:13: error: 'prev_offset' may be used uninitialized
in this function [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
} else if (krecord[i].insn_offset <= prev_offset) {
^
kernel/bpf/verifier.c:4***:38: note: 'prev_offset' was declared here
u32 i, nfuncs, urec_size, min_size, prev_offset;
Although the compiler is wrong here, the patch makes sure
that prev_offset is always initialized, just to silence the warning.
v2: fix a spelling error in the commit message.
Signed-off-by: Peter Oskolkov <posk@google.com>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Currently, btf only supports up to 64-bit integer.
On the other hand, 128bit support for gcc and clang
has existed for a long time. For example, both gcc 4.8
and llvm 3.7 supports types "__int128" and
"unsigned __int128" for virtually all 64bit architectures
including bpf.
The requirement for __int128 support comes from two areas:
. bpf program may use __int128. For example, some bcc tools
(https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/tree/master/tools),
mostly tcp v6 related, tcpstates.py, tcpaccept.py, etc.,
are using __int128 to represent the ipv6 addresses.
. linux itself is using __int128 types. Hence supporting
__int128 type in BTF is required for vmlinux BTF,
which will be used by "compile once and run everywhere"
and other projects.
For 128bit integer, instead of base-10, hex numbers are pretty
printed out as large decimal number is hard to decipher, e.g.,
for ipv6 addresses.
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Commit 9d5f9f701b ("bpf: btf: fix struct/union/fwd types
with kind_flag") introduced kind_flag and used bitfield_size
in the btf_member to directly pretty print member values.
The commit contained a bug where the incorrect parameters could be
passed to function btf_bitfield_seq_show(). The bits_offset
parameter in the function expects a value less than 8.
Instead, the member offset in the structure is passed.
The below is btf_bitfield_seq_show() func signature:
void btf_bitfield_seq_show(void *data, u8 bits_offset,
u8 nr_bits, struct seq_file *m)
both bits_offset and nr_bits are u8 type. If the bitfield
member offset is greater than 256, incorrect value will
be printed.
This patch fixed the issue by calculating correct proper
data offset and bits_offset similar to non kind_flag case.
Fixes: 9d5f9f701b ("bpf: btf: fix struct/union/fwd types with kind_flag")
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
As Naresh reported, test_stacktrace_build_id() causes panic on i386 and
arm32 systems. This is caused by page_address() returns NULL in certain
cases.
This patch fixes this error by using kmap_atomic/kunmap_atomic instead
of page_address.
Fixes: 615755a77b (" bpf: extend stackmap to save binary_build_id+offset instead of address")
Reported-by: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
While 979d63d50c ("bpf: prevent out of bounds speculation on pointer
arithmetic") took care of rejecting alu op on pointer when e.g. pointer
came from two different map values with different map properties such as
value size, Jann reported that a case was not covered yet when a given
alu op is used in both "ptr_reg += reg" and "numeric_reg += reg" from
different branches where we would incorrectly try to sanitize based
on the pointer's limit. Catch this corner case and reject the program
instead.
Fixes: 979d63d50c ("bpf: prevent out of bounds speculation on pointer arithmetic")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Nobody has actually used the type (VERIFY_READ vs VERIFY_WRITE) argument
of the user address range verification function since we got rid of the
old racy i386-only code to walk page tables by hand.
It existed because the original 80386 would not honor the write protect
bit when in kernel mode, so you had to do COW by hand before doing any
user access. But we haven't supported that in a long time, and these
days the 'type' argument is a purely historical artifact.
A discussion about extending 'user_access_begin()' to do the range
checking resulted this patch, because there is no way we're going to
move the old VERIFY_xyz interface to that model. And it's best done at
the end of the merge window when I've done most of my merges, so let's
just get this done once and for all.
This patch was mostly done with a sed-script, with manual fix-ups for
the cases that weren't of the trivial 'access_ok(VERIFY_xyz' form.
There were a couple of notable cases:
- csky still had the old "verify_area()" name as an alias.
- the iter_iov code had magical hardcoded knowledge of the actual
values of VERIFY_{READ,WRITE} (not that they mattered, since nothing
really used it)
- microblaze used the type argument for a debug printout
but other than those oddities this should be a total no-op patch.
I tried to fix up all architectures, did fairly extensive grepping for
access_ok() uses, and the changes are trivial, but I may have missed
something. Any missed conversion should be trivially fixable, though.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Jann reported that the original commit back in b2157399cc
("bpf: prevent out-of-bounds speculation") was not sufficient
to stop CPU from speculating out of bounds memory access:
While b2157399cc only focussed on masking array map access
for unprivileged users for tail calls and data access such
that the user provided index gets sanitized from BPF program
and syscall side, there is still a more generic form affected
from BPF programs that applies to most maps that hold user
data in relation to dynamic map access when dealing with
unknown scalars or "slow" known scalars as access offset, for
example:
- Load a map value pointer into R6
- Load an index into R7
- Do a slow computation (e.g. with a memory dependency) that
loads a limit into R8 (e.g. load the limit from a map for
high latency, then mask it to make the verifier happy)
- Exit if R7 >= R8 (mispredicted branch)
- Load R0 = R6[R7]
- Load R0 = R6[R0]
For unknown scalars there are two options in the BPF verifier
where we could derive knowledge from in order to guarantee
safe access to the memory: i) While </>/<=/>= variants won't
allow to derive any lower or upper bounds from the unknown
scalar where it would be safe to add it to the map value
pointer, it is possible through ==/!= test however. ii) another
option is to transform the unknown scalar into a known scalar,
for example, through ALU ops combination such as R &= <imm>
followed by R |= <imm> or any similar combination where the
original information from the unknown scalar would be destroyed
entirely leaving R with a constant. The initial slow load still
precedes the latter ALU ops on that register, so the CPU
executes speculatively from that point. Once we have the known
scalar, any compare operation would work then. A third option
only involving registers with known scalars could be crafted
as described in [0] where a CPU port (e.g. Slow Int unit)
would be filled with many dependent computations such that
the subsequent condition depending on its outcome has to wait
for evaluation on its execution port and thereby executing
speculatively if the speculated code can be scheduled on a
different execution port, or any other form of mistraining
as described in [1], for example. Given this is not limited
to only unknown scalars, not only map but also stack access
is affected since both is accessible for unprivileged users
and could potentially be used for out of bounds access under
speculation.
In order to prevent any of these cases, the verifier is now
sanitizing pointer arithmetic on the offset such that any
out of bounds speculation would be masked in a way where the
pointer arithmetic result in the destination register will
stay unchanged, meaning offset masked into zero similar as
in array_index_nospec() case. With regards to implementation,
there are three options that were considered: i) new insn
for sanitation, ii) push/pop insn and sanitation as inlined
BPF, iii) reuse of ax register and sanitation as inlined BPF.
Option i) has the downside that we end up using from reserved
bits in the opcode space, but also that we would require
each JIT to emit masking as native arch opcodes meaning
mitigation would have slow adoption till everyone implements
it eventually which is counter-productive. Option ii) and iii)
have both in common that a temporary register is needed in
order to implement the sanitation as inlined BPF since we
are not allowed to modify the source register. While a push /
pop insn in ii) would be useful to have in any case, it
requires once again that every JIT needs to implement it
first. While possible, amount of changes needed would also
be unsuitable for a -stable patch. Therefore, the path which
has fewer changes, less BPF instructions for the mitigation
and does not require anything to be changed in the JITs is
option iii) which this work is pursuing. The ax register is
already mapped to a register in all JITs (modulo arm32 where
it's mapped to stack as various other BPF registers there)
and used in constant blinding for JITs-only so far. It can
be reused for verifier rewrites under certain constraints.
The interpreter's tmp "register" has therefore been remapped
into extending the register set with hidden ax register and
reusing that for a number of instructions that needed the
prior temporary variable internally (e.g. div, mod). This
allows for zero increase in stack space usage in the interpreter,
and enables (restricted) generic use in rewrites otherwise as
long as such a patchlet does not make use of these instructions.
The sanitation mask is dynamic and relative to the offset the
map value or stack pointer currently holds.
There are various cases that need to be taken under consideration
for the masking, e.g. such operation could look as follows:
ptr += val or val += ptr or ptr -= val. Thus, the value to be
sanitized could reside either in source or in destination
register, and the limit is different depending on whether
the ALU op is addition or subtraction and depending on the
current known and bounded offset. The limit is derived as
follows: limit := max_value_size - (smin_value + off). For
subtraction: limit := umax_value + off. This holds because
we do not allow any pointer arithmetic that would
temporarily go out of bounds or would have an unknown
value with mixed signed bounds where it is unclear at
verification time whether the actual runtime value would
be either negative or positive. For example, we have a
derived map pointer value with constant offset and bounded
one, so limit based on smin_value works because the verifier
requires that statically analyzed arithmetic on the pointer
must be in bounds, and thus it checks if resulting
smin_value + off and umax_value + off is still within map
value bounds at time of arithmetic in addition to time of
access. Similarly, for the case of stack access we derive
the limit as follows: MAX_BPF_STACK + off for subtraction
and -off for the case of addition where off := ptr_reg->off +
ptr_reg->var_off.value. Subtraction is a special case for
the masking which can be in form of ptr += -val, ptr -= -val,
or ptr -= val. In the first two cases where we know that
the value is negative, we need to temporarily negate the
value in order to do the sanitation on a positive value
where we later swap the ALU op, and restore original source
register if the value was in source.
The sanitation of pointer arithmetic alone is still not fully
sufficient as is, since a scenario like the following could
happen ...
PTR += 0x1000 (e.g. K-based imm)
PTR -= BIG_NUMBER_WITH_SLOW_COMPARISON
PTR += 0x1000
PTR -= BIG_NUMBER_WITH_SLOW_COMPARISON
[...]
... which under speculation could end up as ...
PTR += 0x1000
PTR -= 0 [ truncated by mitigation ]
PTR += 0x1000
PTR -= 0 [ truncated by mitigation ]
[...]
... and therefore still access out of bounds. To prevent such
case, the verifier is also analyzing safety for potential out
of bounds access under speculative execution. Meaning, it is
also simulating pointer access under truncation. We therefore
"branch off" and push the current verification state after the
ALU operation with known 0 to the verification stack for later
analysis. Given the current path analysis succeeded it is
likely that the one under speculation can be pruned. In any
case, it is also subject to existing complexity limits and
therefore anything beyond this point will be rejected. In
terms of pruning, it needs to be ensured that the verification
state from speculative execution simulation must never prune
a non-speculative execution path, therefore, we mark verifier
state accordingly at the time of push_stack(). If verifier
detects out of bounds access under speculative execution from
one of the possible paths that includes a truncation, it will
reject such program.
Given we mask every reg-based pointer arithmetic for
unprivileged programs, we've been looking into how it could
affect real-world programs in terms of size increase. As the
majority of programs are targeted for privileged-only use
case, we've unconditionally enabled masking (with its alu
restrictions on top of it) for privileged programs for the
sake of testing in order to check i) whether they get rejected
in its current form, and ii) by how much the number of
instructions and size will increase. We've tested this by
using Katran, Cilium and test_l4lb from the kernel selftests.
For Katran we've evaluated balancer_kern.o, Cilium bpf_lxc.o
and an older test object bpf_lxc_opt_-DUNKNOWN.o and l4lb
we've used test_l4lb.o as well as test_l4lb_noinline.o. We
found that none of the programs got rejected by the verifier
with this change, and that impact is rather minimal to none.
balancer_kern.o had 13,904 bytes (1,738 insns) xlated and
7,797 bytes JITed before and after the change. Most complex
program in bpf_lxc.o had 30,544 bytes (3,817 insns) xlated
and 18,538 bytes JITed before and after and none of the other
tail call programs in bpf_lxc.o had any changes either. For
the older bpf_lxc_opt_-DUNKNOWN.o object we found a small
increase from 20,616 bytes (2,576 insns) and 12,536 bytes JITed
before to 20,664 bytes (2,582 insns) and 12,558 bytes JITed
after the change. Other programs from that object file had
similar small increase. Both test_l4lb.o had no change and
remained at 6,544 bytes (817 insns) xlated and 3,401 bytes
JITed and for test_l4lb_noinline.o constant at 5,080 bytes
(634 insns) xlated and 3,313 bytes JITed. This can be explained
in that LLVM typically optimizes stack based pointer arithmetic
by using K-based operations and that use of dynamic map access
is not overly frequent. However, in future we may decide to
optimize the algorithm further under known guarantees from
branch and value speculation. Latter seems also unclear in
terms of prediction heuristics that today's CPUs apply as well
as whether there could be collisions in e.g. the predictor's
Value History/Pattern Table for triggering out of bounds access,
thus masking is performed unconditionally at this point but could
be subject to relaxation later on. We were generally also
brainstorming various other approaches for mitigation, but the
blocker was always lack of available registers at runtime and/or
overhead for runtime tracking of limits belonging to a specific
pointer. Thus, we found this to be minimally intrusive under
given constraints.
With that in place, a simple example with sanitized access on
unprivileged load at post-verification time looks as follows:
# bpftool prog dump xlated id 282
[...]
28: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r7 +0)
29: (79) r2 = *(u64 *)(r7 +8)
30: (57) r1 &= 15
31: (79) r3 = *(u64 *)(r0 +4608)
32: (57) r3 &= 1
33: (47) r3 |= 1
34: (2d) if r2 > r3 goto pc+19
35: (b4) (u32) r11 = (u32) 20479 |
36: (1f) r11 -= r2 | Dynamic sanitation for pointer
37: (4f) r11 |= r2 | arithmetic with registers
38: (87) r11 = -r11 | containing bounded or known
39: (c7) r11 s>>= 63 | scalars in order to prevent
40: (5f) r11 &= r2 | out of bounds speculation.
41: (0f) r4 += r11 |
42: (71) r4 = *(u8 *)(r4 +0)
43: (6f) r4 <<= r1
[...]
For the case where the scalar sits in the destination register
as opposed to the source register, the following code is emitted
for the above example:
[...]
16: (b4) (u32) r11 = (u32) 20479
17: (1f) r11 -= r2
18: (4f) r11 |= r2
19: (87) r11 = -r11
20: (c7) r11 s>>= 63
21: (5f) r2 &= r11
22: (0f) r2 += r0
23: (61) r0 = *(u32 *)(r2 +0)
[...]
JIT blinding example with non-conflicting use of r10:
[...]
d5: je 0x0000000000000106 _
d7: mov 0x0(%rax),%edi |
da: mov $0xf153246,%r10d | Index load from map value and
e0: xor $0xf153259,%r10 | (const blinded) mask with 0x1f.
e7: and %r10,%rdi |_
ea: mov $0x2f,%r10d |
f0: sub %rdi,%r10 | Sanitized addition. Both use r10
f3: or %rdi,%r10 | but do not interfere with each
f6: neg %r10 | other. (Neither do these instructions
f9: sar $0x3f,%r10 | interfere with the use of ax as temp
fd: and %r10,%rdi | in interpreter.)
100: add %rax,%rdi |_
103: mov 0x0(%rdi),%eax
[...]
Tested that it fixes Jann's reproducer, and also checked that test_verifier
and test_progs suite with interpreter, JIT and JIT with hardening enabled
on x86-64 and arm64 runs successfully.
[0] Speculose: Analyzing the Security Implications of Speculative
Execution in CPUs, Giorgi Maisuradze and Christian Rossow,
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.04084.pdf
[1] A Systematic Evaluation of Transient Execution Attacks and
Defenses, Claudio Canella, Jo Van Bulck, Michael Schwarz,
Moritz Lipp, Benjamin von Berg, Philipp Ortner, Frank Piessens,
Dmitry Evtyushkin, Daniel Gruss,
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.05441.pdf
Fixes: b2157399cc ("bpf: prevent out-of-bounds speculation")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
In check_map_access() we probe actual bounds through __check_map_access()
with offset of reg->smin_value + off for lower bound and offset of
reg->umax_value + off for the upper bound. However, even though the
reg->smin_value could have a negative value, the final result of the
sum with off could be positive when pointer arithmetic with known and
unknown scalars is combined. In this case we reject the program with
an error such as "R<x> min value is negative, either use unsigned index
or do a if (index >=0) check." even though the access itself would be
fine. Therefore extend the check to probe whether the actual resulting
reg->smin_value + off is less than zero.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
For unknown scalars of mixed signed bounds, meaning their smin_value is
negative and their smax_value is positive, we need to reject arithmetic
with pointer to map value. For unprivileged the goal is to mask every
map pointer arithmetic and this cannot reliably be done when it is
unknown at verification time whether the scalar value is negative or
positive. Given this is a corner case, the likelihood of breaking should
be very small.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Restrict stack pointer arithmetic for unprivileged users in that
arithmetic itself must not go out of bounds as opposed to the actual
access later on. Therefore after each adjust_ptr_min_max_vals() with
a stack pointer as a destination we simulate a check_stack_access()
of 1 byte on the destination and once that fails the program is
rejected for unprivileged program loads. This is analog to map
value pointer arithmetic and needed for masking later on.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Restrict map value pointer arithmetic for unprivileged users in that
arithmetic itself must not go out of bounds as opposed to the actual
access later on. Therefore after each adjust_ptr_min_max_vals() with a
map value pointer as a destination it will simulate a check_map_access()
of 1 byte on the destination and once that fails the program is rejected
for unprivileged program loads. We use this later on for masking any
pointer arithmetic with the remainder of the map value space. The
likelihood of breaking any existing real-world unprivileged eBPF
program is very small for this corner case.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Right now we are using BPF ax register in JIT for constant blinding as
well as in interpreter as temporary variable. Verifier will not be able
to use it simply because its use will get overridden from the former in
bpf_jit_blind_insn(). However, it can be made to work in that blinding
will be skipped if there is prior use in either source or destination
register on the instruction. Taking constraints of ax into account, the
verifier is then open to use it in rewrites under some constraints. Note,
ax register already has mappings in every eBPF JIT.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This change moves the on-stack 64 bit tmp variable in ___bpf_prog_run()
into the hidden ax register. The latter is currently only used in JITs
for constant blinding as a temporary scratch register, meaning the BPF
interpreter will never see the use of ax. Therefore it is safe to use
it for the cases where tmp has been used earlier. This is needed to later
on allow restricted hidden use of ax in both interpreter and JITs.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
David S. Miller