Introduce a factor which would apply to the NMI watchdog timeout.
This factor is a percentage added to the watchdog_tresh value. The value is
set under the watchdog_mutex protection and lockup_detector_reconfigure()
is called to recompute wd_panic_timeout_tb.
Once the factor is set, it remains until it is set back to 0, which means
no impact.
Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220713154729.80789-4-ldufour@linux.ibm.com
Since commit 87c78b612f ("powerpc: Fix all occurences of "the the"")
fixed "the the", there's now a steady stream of patches fixing other
duplicate words.
Just fix them all at once, to save the overhead of dealing with
individual patches for each case.
This leaves a few cases of "that that", which in some contexts is
correct.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220718095158.326606-1-mpe@ellerman.id.au
Various spelling mistakes in comments.
Detected with the help of Coccinelle.
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@inria.fr>
Reviewed-by: Joel Stanley <joel@jms.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220430185654.5855-1-Julia.Lawall@inria.fr
The printk layer at the moment does not seem to have a good way to force
flush printk messages that are created in NMI context, except in the
panic path.
NMI-context printk messages normally get to the console with irq_work,
but that won't help if the CPU is stuck with irqs disabled, as can be
the case for hard lockup watchdog messages.
The watchdog currently flushes the printk buffers after detecting a
lockup on remote CPUs, but they may not have processed their NMI IPI
yet by that stage, or they may have self-detected a lockup in which
case they won't go via this NMI IPI path.
Improve the situation by having NMI-context mark a flag if it called
printk, and have watchdog timer interrupts check if that flag was set
and try to flush if it was. Latency is not a big problem because we
were already stuck for a while, just need to try to make sure the
messages eventually make it out.
Depends-on: 5d5e4522a7 ("printk: restore flushing of NMI buffers on remote CPUs after NMI backtraces")
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211119113146.752759-6-npiggin@gmail.com
wd_smp_last_reset_tb now gets reset by watchdog_smp_panic() as part of
marking CPUs stuck and removing them from the pending mask before it
begins any printing. This causes last reset times reported to be off.
Fix this by reading it into a local variable before it gets reset.
Fixes: 76521c4b02 ("powerpc/watchdog: Avoid holding wd_smp_lock over printk and smp_send_nmi_ipi")
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211125103346.1188958-1-npiggin@gmail.com
When taking watchdog actions, printing messages, comparing and
re-setting wd_smp_last_reset_tb, etc., read TB close to the point of use
and under wd_smp_lock or printing lock (if applicable).
This should keep timebase mostly monotonic with kernel log messages, and
could prevent (in theory) a laggy CPU updating wd_smp_last_reset_tb to
something a long way in the past, and causing other CPUs to appear to be
stuck.
These additional TB reads are all slowpath (lockup has been detected),
so performance does not matter.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211110025056.2084347-5-npiggin@gmail.com
There is a deadlock with the console_owner lock and the wd_smp_lock:
CPU x takes the console_owner lock
CPU y takes a watchdog timer interrupt and takes __wd_smp_lock
CPU x takes a soft-NMI interrupt, detects deadlock, spins on __wd_smp_lock
CPU y detects deadlock, tries to print something and spins on console_owner
-> deadlock
Change the watchdog locking scheme so wd_smp_lock protects the watchdog
internal data, but "reporting" (printing, issuing NMI IPIs, taking any
action outside of watchdog) uses a non-waiting exclusion. If a CPU detects
a problem but can not take the reporting lock, it just returns because
something else is already reporting. It will try again at some point.
Typically hard lockup watchdog report usefulness is not impacted due to
failure to spewing a large enough amount of data in as short a time as
possible, but by messages getting garbled.
Laurent debugged this and found the deadlock, and this patch is based on
his general approach to avoid expensive operations while holding the lock.
With the addition of the reporting exclusion.
Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
[np: rework to add reporting exclusion update changelog]
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211110025056.2084347-4-npiggin@gmail.com
Most updates to wd_smp_cpus_pending are under lock except the watchdog
interrupt bit clear.
This can race with non-atomic RMW updates to the mask under lock, which
can happen in two instances:
Firstly, if another CPU detects this one is stuck, removes it from the
mask, mask becomes empty and is re-filled with non-atomic stores. This
is okay because it would re-fill the mask with this CPU's bit clear
anyway (because this CPU is now stuck), so it doesn't matter that the
bit clear update got "lost". Add a comment for this.
Secondly, if another CPU detects a different CPU is stuck and removes it
from the pending mask with a non-atomic store to bytes which also
include the bit of this CPU. This case can result in the bit clear being
lost and the end result being the bit is set. This should be so rare it
hardly matters, but to make things simpler to reason about just avoid
the non-atomic access for that case.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211110025056.2084347-3-npiggin@gmail.com
It is possible for all CPUs to miss the pending cpumask becoming clear,
and then nobody resetting it, which will cause the lockup detector to
stop working. It will eventually expire, but watchdog_smp_panic will
avoid doing anything if the pending mask is clear and it will never be
reset.
Order the cpumask clear vs the subsequent test to close this race.
Add an extra check for an empty pending mask when the watchdog fires and
finds its bit still clear, to try to catch any other possible races or
bugs here and keep the watchdog working. The extra test in
arch_touch_nmi_watchdog is required to prevent the new warning from
firing off.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Debugged-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211110025056.2084347-2-npiggin@gmail.com
printk from NMI context relies on irq work being raised on the local CPU
to print to console. This can be a problem if the NMI was raised by a
lockup detector to print lockup stack and regs, because the CPU may not
enable irqs (because it is locked up).
Introduce printk_trigger_flush() that can be called another CPU to try
to get those messages to the console, call that where printk_safe_flush
was previously called.
Fixes: 93d102f094 ("printk: remove safe buffers")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.15
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211107045116.1754411-1-npiggin@gmail.com
With @logbuf_lock removed, the high level printk functions for
storing messages are lockless. Messages can be stored from any
context, so there is no need for the NMI and safe buffers anymore.
Remove the NMI and safe buffers.
Although the safe buffers are removed, the NMI and safe context
tracking is still in place. In these contexts, store the message
immediately but still use irq_work to defer the console printing.
Since printk recursion tracking is in place, safe context tracking
for most of printk is not needed. Remove it. Only safe context
tracking relating to the console and console_owner locks is left
in place. This is because the console and console_owner locks are
needed for the actual printing.
Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210715193359.25946-4-john.ogness@linutronix.de
This implementation uses spin_until_cond in wd_smp_lock including
neither linux/processor.h nor asm/processor.h
This patch includes linux/processor.h here for spin_until_cond usage.
Signed-off-by: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/5e8d2d50f301a346040362028c2ecba40685de9e.1623438544.git.christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu
This moves the common NMI entry and exit code into the interrupt handler
wrappers.
This changes the behaviour of soft-NMI (watchdog) and HMI interrupts, and
also MCE interrupts on 64e, by adding missing parts of the NMI entry to
them.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210130130852.2952424-40-npiggin@gmail.com
soft_nmi_interrupt() usage requires PPC_WATCHDOG to be configured.
Check the CONFIG definition to declare the prototype.
It fixes this W=1 compile error :
../arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c:250:6: error: no previous prototype for ‘soft_nmi_interrupt’ [-Werror=missing-prototypes]
250 | void soft_nmi_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs)
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Signed-off-by: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210104143206.695198-18-clg@kaod.org
Using a jiffies timer creates a dependency on the tick_do_timer_cpu
incrementing jiffies. If that CPU has locked up and jiffies is not
incrementing, the watchdog heartbeat timer for all CPUs stops and
creates false positives and confusing warnings on local CPUs, and
also causes the SMP detector to stop, so the root cause is never
detected.
Fix this by using hrtimer based timers for the watchdog heartbeat,
like the generic kernel hardlockup detector.
Cc: Gautham R. Shenoy <ego@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Ravikumar Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@linux.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Gautham R. Shenoy <ego@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
There is an asynchronous aspect to smp_send_nmi_ipi. The caller waits
for all CPUs to call in to the handler, but it does not wait for
completion of the handler. This is a needless complication, so remove
it and always wait synchronously.
The synchronous wait allows the caller to easily time out and clear
the wait for completion (zero nmi_ipi_busy_count) in the case of badly
behaved handlers. This would have prevented the recent smp_send_stop
NMI IPI bug from causing the system to hang.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Provide timebase and timebase of last heartbeat in watchdog lockup
messages. Also provide a stack trace of when a CPU becomes un-stuck,
which can be useful -- it could be where irqs are re-enabled, so it
may be the end of the critical section which is responsible for the
latency which is useful information.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The watchdog heartbeat timestamp is updated when the local heartbeat
timer fires (or touch_nmi_watchdog() is called).
This is an interesting data point, so don't overwrite it when the
soft-NMI interrupt detects a hard lockup. That code came from a pre-
merge version to prevent hard lockup messages flood, but that's taken
care of with the stuck CPU logic now, so there is no reason to
update the heartbeat timestamp here.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
When a CPU detects its locked up via soft_nmi_interrupt() we have
pt_regs, so print the regs->nip, which points to where we took the
soft-NMI.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
soft_nmi_interrupt() is called directly from the asm exception
handling code, which passes regs as a pointer to the stack. So regs
can't be NULL, it may be full of junk, but that's a separate problem.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Use pr_fmt() in the watchdog code, so we don't have to say "Watchdog"
so many times.
Rather than "CPU:%d" just spell it "CPU %d", "Hard" doesn't need a
capital in the middle of a sentence, and "LOCKUP other CPUS" should be
"LOCKUP on other CPUS".
Also make it clear when a CPU self detects a lockup by spelling it
out.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The overview comments in the powerpc watchdog are out of date after
several iterations and changes of the code. Bring them up to date.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The powerpc NMI IPIs may not be recoverable if they are taken in
some sections of code, and also there have been and still are issues
with taking NMIs (in KVM guest code, in firmware, etc) which makes them
a bit dangerous to use.
Generic code like softlockup detector and rcu stall detectors really
hammer on trigger_*_backtrace, which has lead to further problems
because we've implemented it with the NMI.
So stop providing NMI backtraces for now. Importantly, the powerpc code
uses NMI IPIs in crash/debug, and the SMP hardlockup watchdog. So if the
softlockup and rcu hang detection traces are not being printed because
the CPU is stuck with interrupts off, then the hard lockup watchdog
should get it with the NMI IPI.
Fixes: 2104180a53 ("powerpc/64s: implement arch-specific hardlockup watchdog")
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Non-highlights:
- Five fixes for the >128T address space handling, both to fix bugs in our
implementation and to bring the semantics exactly into line with x86.
Highlights:
- Support for a new OPAL call on bare metal machines which gives us a true NMI
(ie. is not masked by MSR[EE]=0) for debugging etc.
- Support for Power9 DD2 in the CXL driver.
- Improvements to machine check handling so that uncorrectable errors can be
reported into the generic memory_failure() machinery.
- Some fixes and improvements for VPHN, which is used under PowerVM to notify
the Linux partition of topology changes.
- Plumbing to enable TM (transactional memory) without suspend on some Power9
processors (PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NO_SUSPEND).
- Support for emulating vector loads form cache-inhibited memory, on some
Power9 revisions.
- Disable the fast-endian switch "syscall" by default (behind a CONFIG), we
believe it has never had any users.
- A major rework of the API drivers use when initiating and waiting for long
running operations performed by OPAL firmware, and changes to the
powernv_flash driver to use the new API.
- Several fixes for the handling of FP/VMX/VSX while processes are using
transactional memory.
- Optimisations of TLB range flushes when using the radix MMU on Power9.
- Improvements to the VAS facility used to access coprocessors on Power9, and
related improvements to the way the NX crypto driver handles requests.
- Implementation of PMEM_API and UACCESS_FLUSHCACHE for 64-bit.
Thanks to:
Alexey Kardashevskiy, Alistair Popple, Allen Pais, Andrew Donnellan, Aneesh
Kumar K.V, Arnd Bergmann, Balbir Singh, Benjamin Herrenschmidt, Breno Leitao,
Christophe Leroy, Christophe Lombard, Cyril Bur, Frederic Barrat, Gautham R.
Shenoy, Geert Uytterhoeven, Guilherme G. Piccoli, Gustavo Romero, Haren
Myneni, Joel Stanley, Kamalesh Babulal, Kautuk Consul, Markus Elfring, Masami
Hiramatsu, Michael Bringmann, Michael Neuling, Michal Suchanek, Naveen N. Rao,
Nicholas Piggin, Oliver O'Halloran, Paul Mackerras, Pedro Miraglia Franco de
Carvalho, Philippe Bergheaud, Sandipan Das, Seth Forshee, Shriya, Stephen
Rothwell, Stewart Smith, Sukadev Bhattiprolu, Tyrel Datwyler, Vaibhav Jain,
Vaidyanathan Srinivasan, William A. Kennington III.
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Merge tag 'powerpc-4.15-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
Pull powerpc updates from Michael Ellerman:
"A bit of a small release, I suspect in part due to me travelling for
KS. But my backlog of patches to review is smaller than usual, so I
think in part folks just didn't send as much this cycle.
Non-highlights:
- Five fixes for the >128T address space handling, both to fix bugs
in our implementation and to bring the semantics exactly into line
with x86.
Highlights:
- Support for a new OPAL call on bare metal machines which gives us a
true NMI (ie. is not masked by MSR[EE]=0) for debugging etc.
- Support for Power9 DD2 in the CXL driver.
- Improvements to machine check handling so that uncorrectable errors
can be reported into the generic memory_failure() machinery.
- Some fixes and improvements for VPHN, which is used under PowerVM
to notify the Linux partition of topology changes.
- Plumbing to enable TM (transactional memory) without suspend on
some Power9 processors (PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NO_SUSPEND).
- Support for emulating vector loads form cache-inhibited memory, on
some Power9 revisions.
- Disable the fast-endian switch "syscall" by default (behind a
CONFIG), we believe it has never had any users.
- A major rework of the API drivers use when initiating and waiting
for long running operations performed by OPAL firmware, and changes
to the powernv_flash driver to use the new API.
- Several fixes for the handling of FP/VMX/VSX while processes are
using transactional memory.
- Optimisations of TLB range flushes when using the radix MMU on
Power9.
- Improvements to the VAS facility used to access coprocessors on
Power9, and related improvements to the way the NX crypto driver
handles requests.
- Implementation of PMEM_API and UACCESS_FLUSHCACHE for 64-bit.
Thanks to: Alexey Kardashevskiy, Alistair Popple, Allen Pais, Andrew
Donnellan, Aneesh Kumar K.V, Arnd Bergmann, Balbir Singh, Benjamin
Herrenschmidt, Breno Leitao, Christophe Leroy, Christophe Lombard,
Cyril Bur, Frederic Barrat, Gautham R. Shenoy, Geert Uytterhoeven,
Guilherme G. Piccoli, Gustavo Romero, Haren Myneni, Joel Stanley,
Kamalesh Babulal, Kautuk Consul, Markus Elfring, Masami Hiramatsu,
Michael Bringmann, Michael Neuling, Michal Suchanek, Naveen N. Rao,
Nicholas Piggin, Oliver O'Halloran, Paul Mackerras, Pedro Miraglia
Franco de Carvalho, Philippe Bergheaud, Sandipan Das, Seth Forshee,
Shriya, Stephen Rothwell, Stewart Smith, Sukadev Bhattiprolu, Tyrel
Datwyler, Vaibhav Jain, Vaidyanathan Srinivasan, and William A.
Kennington III"
* tag 'powerpc-4.15-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux: (151 commits)
powerpc/64s: Fix Power9 DD2.0 workarounds by adding DD2.1 feature
powerpc/64s: Fix masking of SRR1 bits on instruction fault
powerpc/64s: mm_context.addr_limit is only used on hash
powerpc/64s/radix: Fix 128TB-512TB virtual address boundary case allocation
powerpc/64s/hash: Allow MAP_FIXED allocations to cross 128TB boundary
powerpc/64s/hash: Fix fork() with 512TB process address space
powerpc/64s/hash: Fix 128TB-512TB virtual address boundary case allocation
powerpc/64s/hash: Fix 512T hint detection to use >= 128T
powerpc: Fix DABR match on hash based systems
powerpc/signal: Properly handle return value from uprobe_deny_signal()
powerpc/fadump: use kstrtoint to handle sysfs store
powerpc/lib: Implement UACCESS_FLUSHCACHE API
powerpc/lib: Implement PMEM API
powerpc/powernv/npu: Don't explicitly flush nmmu tlb
powerpc/powernv/npu: Use flush_all_mm() instead of flush_tlb_mm()
powerpc/powernv/idle: Round up latency and residency values
powerpc/kprobes: refactor kprobe_lookup_name for safer string operations
powerpc/kprobes: Blacklist emulate_update_regs() from kprobes
powerpc/kprobes: Do not disable interrupts for optprobes and kprobes_on_ftrace
powerpc/kprobes: Disable preemption before invoking probe handler for optprobes
...
Pull timer updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"Yet another big pile of changes:
- More year 2038 work from Arnd slowly reaching the point where we
need to think about the syscalls themself.
- A new timer function which allows to conditionally (re)arm a timer
only when it's either not running or the new expiry time is sooner
than the armed expiry time. This allows to use a single timer for
multiple timeout requirements w/o caring about the first expiry
time at the call site.
- A new NMI safe accessor to clock real time for the printk timestamp
work. Can be used by tracing, perf as well if required.
- A large number of timer setup conversions from Kees which got
collected here because either maintainers requested so or they
simply got ignored. As Kees pointed out already there are a few
trivial merge conflicts and some redundant commits which was
unavoidable due to the size of this conversion effort.
- Avoid a redundant iteration in the timer wheel softirq processing.
- Provide a mechanism to treat RTC implementations depending on their
hardware properties, i.e. don't inflict the write at the 0.5
seconds boundary which originates from the PC CMOS RTC to all RTCs.
No functional change as drivers need to be updated separately.
- The usual small updates to core code clocksource drivers. Nothing
really exciting"
* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (111 commits)
timers: Add a function to start/reduce a timer
pstore: Use ktime_get_real_fast_ns() instead of __getnstimeofday()
timer: Prepare to change all DEFINE_TIMER() callbacks
netfilter: ipvs: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
scsi: qla2xxx: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
block/aoe: discover_timer: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
ide: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drbd: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
mailbox: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
crypto: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drivers/pcmcia: omap1: Fix error in automated timer conversion
ARM: footbridge: Fix typo in timer conversion
drivers/sgi-xp: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drivers/pcmcia: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drivers/memstick: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drivers/macintosh: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
hwrng/xgene-rng: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
auxdisplay: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
sparc/led: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
mips: ip22/32: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
...
In preparation for unconditionally passing the struct timer_list pointer to
all timer callbacks, switch to using the new timer_setup() and from_timer()
to pass the timer pointer explicitly.
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The rework of the core hotplug code triggers the WARN_ON in start_wd_cpu()
on powerpc because it is called multiple times for the boot CPU.
The first call is via:
start_wd_on_cpu+0x80/0x2f0
watchdog_nmi_reconfigure+0x124/0x170
softlockup_reconfigure_threads+0x110/0x130
lockup_detector_init+0xbc/0xe0
kernel_init_freeable+0x18c/0x37c
kernel_init+0x2c/0x160
ret_from_kernel_thread+0x5c/0xbc
And then again via the CPU hotplug registration:
start_wd_on_cpu+0x80/0x2f0
cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x194/0x620
cpuhp_thread_fun+0x7c/0x1b0
smpboot_thread_fn+0x290/0x2a0
kthread+0x168/0x1b0
ret_from_kernel_thread+0x5c/0xbc
This can be avoided by setting up the cpu hotplug state with nocalls and
move the initialization to the watchdog_nmi_probe() function. That
initializes the hotplug callbacks without invoking the callback and the
following core initialization function then configures the watchdog for the
online CPUs (in this case CPU0) via softlockup_reconfigure_threads().
Reported-and-tested-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Instead of dropping the cpu hotplug lock after stopping NMI watchdog and
threads and reaquiring for restart, the code and the protection rules
become more obvious when holding cpu hotplug lock across the full
reconfiguration.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1710022105570.2114@nanos
The recent cleanup of the watchdog code split watchdog_nmi_reconfigure()
into two stages. One to stop the NMI and one to restart it after
reconfiguration. That was done by adding a boolean 'run' argument to the
code, which is functionally correct but not necessarily a piece of art.
Replace it by two explicit functions: watchdog_nmi_stop() and
watchdog_nmi_start().
Fixes: 6592ad2fcc ("watchdog/core, powerpc: Make watchdog_nmi_reconfigure() two stage")
Requested-by: Linus 'Nursing his pet-peeve' Torvalds <torvalds@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas 'Mopping up garbage' Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1710021957480.2114@nanos
In xmon, touch_nmi_watchdog() is not expected to be checking that
other CPUs have not touched the watchdog, so the code will just call
touch_nmi_watchdog() once before re-enabling hard interrupts.
Just update our CPU's state, and ignore apparently stuck SMP threads.
Arguably touch_nmi_watchdog should check for SMP lockups, and callers
should be fixed, but that's not trivial for the input code of xmon.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
If sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace is enabled, there is no need to
IPI stuck CPUs for backtrace before trigger_allbutself_cpu_backtrace(),
which does the same thing again.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The SMP watchdog will detect locked CPUs and IPI them to print a
backtrace and registers. If panic on hard lockup is enabled, do not
panic from this handler, because that can cause recursion into the IPI
layer during the panic.
The caller already panics in this case.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
All watchdog thread related functions are delegated to the smpboot thread
infrastructure, which handles serialization against CPU hotplug correctly.
The sysctl interface is completely decoupled from anything which requires
CPU hotplug protection.
No need to protect the sysctl writes against cpu hotplug anymore. Remove it
and add the now required protection to the powerpc arch_nmi_watchdog
implementation.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170912194148.418497420@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Both the perf reconfiguration and the powerpc watchdog_nmi_reconfigure()
need to be done in two steps.
1) Stop all NMIs
2) Read the new parameters and start NMIs
Right now watchdog_nmi_reconfigure() is a combination of both. To allow a
clean reconfiguration add a 'run' argument and split the functionality in
powerpc.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170912194147.862865570@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This interface has several issues:
- It's causing recursive locking of the hotplug lock.
- It's complete overkill to teardown all threads and then recreate them
The same can be achieved with the simple hardlockup_detector_perf_stop /
restart() interfaces. The abuse from the busy looping poweroff() loop of
PARISC has been solved as well.
Remove the cruft.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170912194146.487537732@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
There's a non-trivial dependency between some commits we want to put in
next and the KVM prefetch work around that went into fixes. So merge
fixes into next.
This adds an irq counter for the watchdog soft-NMI. This interrupt
only fires when interrupts are soft-disabled, so it will not
increment much even when the watchdog is running. However it's
useful for debugging and sanity checking.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
When CPUs start and stop the watchdog, they manipulate shared data
that is normally protected by the lock. Other CPUs can be running
concurrently at this time, so it's a good idea to use locking here
to be on the safe side.
Remove the barrier which is undocumented and didn't do anything.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
When the SMP detector finds other CPUs stuck, it iterates over
them and marks them as stuck. This pulls them out of the pending
mask and allows the detector to continue with remaining good
CPUs (if nmi_watchdog=panic is not enabled).
The code to dothat was buggy because when setting a CPU stuck,
if the pending mask became empty, it resets it to keep the
watchdog running. However the iterator will continue to run
over the new pending mask and mark remaining good CPUs sas stuck.
Fix this by doing it with cpumask bitwise operations.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
When the watchdog decides to panic, it takes the lock and double
checks everything (to avoid races with the CPU being unstuck or
panic()ed by something else).
The exit label was misplaced and would result in all-CPUs backtrace
and watchdog panic even in the case that the condition was found to be
resolved.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Some code can go into a tight loop calling touch_nmi_watchdog (e.g.,
stop_machine CPU hotplug code). This can cause contention on watchdog
locks particularly if all CPUs with watchdog enabled are spinning in
the loops.
Avoid this storm of activity by running the watchdog timer callback
from this path if we have exceeded the timer period since it was last
run.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
- Hard-disable interrupts before taking the lock, which prevents
soft-NMI re-entrancy and therefore can prevent deadlocks.
- Use raw_ variants of local_irq_disable to avoid irq debugging.
- When the lock is contended, spin at low SMT priority, using
loads only, and with interrupts enabled (where possible).
Some stalls have been noticed at high loads that go away with improved
locking. There should not be so much locking contention in the first
place (which is addressed in a subsequent patch), but locking should
still be improved.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Implement an arch-speicfic watchdog rather than use the perf-based
hardlockup detector.
The new watchdog takes the soft-NMI directly, rather than going through
perf. Perf interrupts are to be made maskable in future, so that would
prevent the perf detector from working in those regions.
Additionally, implement a SMP based detector where all CPUs watch one
another by pinging a shared cpumask. This is because powerpc Book3S
does not have a true periodic local NMI, but some platforms do implement
a true NMI IPI.
If a CPU is stuck with interrupts hard disabled, the soft-NMI watchdog
does not work, but the SMP watchdog will. Even on platforms without a
true NMI IPI to get a good trace from the stuck CPU, other CPUs will
notice the lockup sufficiently to report it and panic.
[npiggin@gmail.com: honor watchdog disable at boot/hotplug]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170621001346.5bb337c9@roar.ozlabs.ibm.com
[npiggin@gmail.com: fix false positive warning at CPU unplug]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170630080740.20766-1-npiggin@gmail.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170616065715.18390-6-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@oracle.com> [sparc]
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Laurent Dufour