Currently, the maximum number of connections that nfsd will allow
is based on the number of threads spawned. While this is fine for a
default, there really isn't a clear relationship between the two.
The number of threads corresponds to the number of concurrent requests
that we want to allow the server to process at any given time. The
connection limit corresponds to the maximum number of clients that we
want to allow the server to handle. These are two entirely different
quantities.
Break the dependency on increasing threads in order to allow for more
connections, by adding a new per-net parameter that can be set to a
non-zero value. The default is still to base it on the number of threads,
so there should be no behavior change for anyone who doesn't use it.
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@primarydata.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
There could be a case, when NFSd file system is mounted in network, different
to socket's one, like below:
"ip netns exec" creates new network and mount namespace, which duplicates NFSd
mount point, created in init_net context. And thus NFS server stop in nested
network context leads to RPCBIND client destruction in init_net.
Then, on NFSd start in nested network context, rpc.nfsd process creates socket
in nested net and passes it into "write_ports", which leads to RPCBIND sockets
creation in init_net context because of the same reason (NFSd monut point was
created in init_net context). An attempt to register passed socket in nested
net leads to panic, because no RPCBIND client present in nexted network
namespace.
This patch add check that passed socket's net matches NFSd superblock's one.
And returns -EINVAL error to user psace otherwise.
v2: Put socket on exit.
Reported-by: Weng Meiling <wengmeiling.weng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Pull nfsd changes from J Bruce Fields:
"Highlights include:
- Some more DRC cleanup and performance work from Jeff Layton
- A gss-proxy upcall from Simo Sorce: currently krb5 mounts to the
server using credentials from Active Directory often fail due to
limitations of the svcgssd upcall interface. This replacement
lifts those limitations. The existing upcall is still supported
for backwards compatibility.
- More NFSv4.1 support: at this point, if a user with a current
client who upgrades from 4.0 to 4.1 should see no regressions. In
theory we do everything a 4.1 server is required to do. Patches
for a couple minor exceptions are ready for 3.11, and with those
and some more testing I'd like to turn 4.1 on by default in 3.11."
Fix up semantic conflict as per Stephen Rothwell and linux-next:
Commit 030d794bf4 ("SUNRPC: Use gssproxy upcall for server RPCGSS
authentication") adds two new users of "PDE(inode)->data", but we're
supposed to use "PDE_DATA(inode)" instead since commit d9dda78bad
("procfs: new helper - PDE_DATA(inode)").
The old PDE() macro is no longer available since commit c30480b92c
("proc: Make the PROC_I() and PDE() macros internal to procfs")
* 'for-3.10' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (60 commits)
NFSD: SECINFO doesn't handle unsupported pseudoflavors correctly
NFSD: Simplify GSS flavor encoding in nfsd4_do_encode_secinfo()
nfsd: make symbol nfsd_reply_cache_shrinker static
svcauth_gss: fix error return code in rsc_parse()
nfsd4: don't remap EISDIR errors in rename
svcrpc: fix gss-proxy to respect user namespaces
SUNRPC: gssp_procedures[] can be static
SUNRPC: define {create,destroy}_use_gss_proxy_proc_entry in !PROC case
nfsd4: better error return to indicate SSV non-support
nfsd: fix EXDEV checking in rename
SUNRPC: Use gssproxy upcall for server RPCGSS authentication.
SUNRPC: Add RPC based upcall mechanism for RPCGSS auth
SUNRPC: conditionally return endtime from import_sec_context
SUNRPC: allow disabling idle timeout
SUNRPC: attempt AF_LOCAL connect on setup
nfsd: Decode and send 64bit time values
nfsd4: put_client_renew_locked can be static
nfsd4: remove unused macro
nfsd4: remove some useless code
nfsd4: implement SEQ4_STATUS_RECALLABLE_STATE_REVOKED
...
when create /proc/fs/nfs/exports error, we should remove /proc/fs/nfs,
if don't do it, it maybe cause Memory leak.
Signed-off-by: fanchaoting <fanchaoting@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: chendt.fnst <chendt.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
For presenting statistics relating to duplicate reply cache.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Modify the request_module to prefix the file system type with "fs-"
and add aliases to all of the filesystems that can be built as modules
to match.
A common practice is to build all of the kernel code and leave code
that is not commonly needed as modules, with the result that many
users are exposed to any bug anywhere in the kernel.
Looking for filesystems with a fs- prefix limits the pool of possible
modules that can be loaded by mount to just filesystems trivially
making things safer with no real cost.
Using aliases means user space can control the policy of which
filesystem modules are auto-loaded by editing /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
with blacklist and alias directives. Allowing simple, safe,
well understood work-arounds to known problematic software.
This also addresses a rare but unfortunate problem where the filesystem
name is not the same as it's module name and module auto-loading
would not work. While writing this patch I saw a handful of such
cases. The most significant being autofs that lives in the module
autofs4.
This is relevant to user namespaces because we can reach the request
module in get_fs_type() without having any special permissions, and
people get uncomfortable when a user specified string (in this case
the filesystem type) goes all of the way to request_module.
After having looked at this issue I don't think there is any
particular reason to perform any filtering or permission checks beyond
making it clear in the module request that we want a filesystem
module. The common pattern in the kernel is to call request_module()
without regards to the users permissions. In general all a filesystem
module does once loaded is call register_filesystem() and go to sleep.
Which means there is not much attack surface exposed by loading a
filesytem module unless the filesystem is mounted. In a user
namespace filesystems are not mounted unless .fs_flags = FS_USERNS_MOUNT,
which most filesystems do not set today.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reported-by: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Pull nfsd changes from J Bruce Fields:
"Miscellaneous bugfixes, plus:
- An overhaul of the DRC cache by Jeff Layton. The main effect is
just to make it larger. This decreases the chances of intermittent
errors especially in the UDP case. But we'll need to watch for any
reports of performance regressions.
- Containerized nfsd: with some limitations, we now support
per-container nfs-service, thanks to extensive work from Stanislav
Kinsbursky over the last year."
Some notes about conflicts, since there were *two* non-data semantic
conflicts here:
- idr_remove_all() had been added by a memory leak fix, but has since
become deprecated since idr_destroy() does it for us now.
- xs_local_connect() had been added by this branch to make AF_LOCAL
connections be synchronous, but in the meantime Trond had changed the
calling convention in order to avoid a RCU dereference.
There were a couple of more obvious actual source-level conflicts due to
the hlist traversal changes and one just due to code changes next to
each other, but those were trivial.
* 'for-3.9' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (49 commits)
SUNRPC: make AF_LOCAL connect synchronous
nfsd: fix compiler warning about ambiguous types in nfsd_cache_csum
svcrpc: fix rpc server shutdown races
svcrpc: make svc_age_temp_xprts enqueue under sv_lock
lockd: nlmclnt_reclaim(): avoid stack overflow
nfsd: enable NFSv4 state in containers
nfsd: disable usermode helper client tracker in container
nfsd: use proper net while reading "exports" file
nfsd: containerize NFSd filesystem
nfsd: fix comments on nfsd_cache_lookup
SUNRPC: move cache_detail->cache_request callback call to cache_read()
SUNRPC: remove "cache_request" argument in sunrpc_cache_pipe_upcall() function
SUNRPC: rework cache upcall logic
SUNRPC: introduce cache_detail->cache_request callback
NFS: simplify and clean cache library
NFS: use SUNRPC cache creation and destruction helper for DNS cache
nfsd4: free_stid can be static
nfsd: keep a checksum of the first 256 bytes of request
sunrpc: trim off trailing checksum before returning decrypted or integrity authenticated buffer
sunrpc: fix comment in struct xdr_buf definition
...
Functuon "exports_open" is used for both "/proc/fs/nfs/exports" and
"/proc/fs/nfsd/exports" files.
Now NFSd filesystem is containerised, so proper net can be taken from
superblock for "/proc/fs/nfsd/exports" reader.
But for "/proc/fs/nfsd/exports" only current->nsproxy->net_ns can be used.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
This patch makes NFSD file system superblock to be created per net.
This makes possible to get proper network namespace from superblock instead of
using hard-coded "init_net".
Note: NFSd fs super-block holds network namespace. This garantees, that
network namespace won't disappear from underneath of it.
This, obviously, means, that in case of kill of a container's "init" (which is not a mount
namespace, but network namespace creator) netowrk namespace won't be
destroyed.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
These routines are used by server and client code, so having them in a
separate header would be best.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
The current code will allow silly things like:
echo "+2 +3 +4 +7.1">/proc/fs/nfsd/versions
Reported-by: Fan Chaoting <fanchaoting@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
This patch makes main step in NFSd containerisation.
There could be different approaches to how to make NFSd able to handle
incoming RPC request from different network namespaces. The two main
options are:
1) Share NFSd kthreads betwween all network namespaces.
2) Create separated pool of threads for each namespace.
While first approach looks more flexible, second one is simpler and
non-racy. This patch implements the second option.
To make it possible to allocate separate pools of threads, we have to
make it possible to allocate separate NFSd service structures per net.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Precursor patch. Hard-coded "init_net" will be replaced by proper one in
future.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Precursor patch. Hard-coded "init_net" will be replaced by proper one in
future.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Precursor patch. Hard-coded "init_net" will be replaced by proper one in
future.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Precursor patch. Hard-coded "init_net" will be replaced by proper one in
future.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
There were only a small number of functions in this file and since they
all affect stored state I think it makes sense to put them in state.h
instead. I also dropped most static inline declarations since there are
no callers when fault injection is not enabled.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Grace time is a part of NFSv4 state engine, which is constructed per network
namespace.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Lease time is a part of NFSv4 state engine, which is constructed per network
namespace.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
This is a cleanup patch. Functions nfsd_pool_stats_open() and
nfsd_pool_stats_release() are declared in fs/nfsd/nfsd.h.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
You can use nfsd/portlist to give nfsd additional sockets to listen on.
In theory you can also remove listening sockets this way. But nobody's
ever done that as far as I can tell.
Also this was partially broken in 2.6.25, by
a217813f90 "knfsd: Support adding
transports by writing portlist file".
(Note that we decide whether to take the "delfd" case by checking for a
digit--but what's actually expected in that case is something made by
svc_one_sock_name(), which won't begin with a digit.)
So, let's just rip out this stuff.
Acked-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
"port" in all these functions is always NFS_PORT.
nfsd can already be run on a nonstandard port using the "nfsd/portlist"
interface.
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
The idea is to separate service destruction and per-net operations,
because these are two different things and the mix looks ugly.
Notes:
1) For NFS server this patch looks ugly (sorry for that). But these
place will be rewritten soon during NFSd containerization.
2) LockD per-net counter increase int lockd_up() was moved prior to
make_socks() to make lockd_down_net() call safe in case of error.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
These functions will be called from per-net operations.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
This patch also changes svcauth_unix_purge() function: added network namespace
as a parameter and thus loop over all networks was replaced by only one call
for ip map cache purge.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
This patch also changes prototypes of nfsd_export_flush() and exp_rootfh():
network namespace parameter added.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
These functions will be called from per-net operations.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Global svc_export_cache cache is going to be replaced with per-net instance. So
prepare the ground for it.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Otherwise, we get a warning or error similar to this when building with
CONFIG_NFSD_V4 disabled:
ERROR: "nfsd4_cld_block" [fs/nfsd/nfsd.ko] undefined!
Fix this by wrapping the calls to rpc_pipefs_notifier_register and
..._unregister in another function and providing no-op replacements
when CONFIG_NFSD_V4 is disabled.
Reported-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
In the event that rpc_pipefs isn't mounted when nfsd starts, we
must register a notifier to handle creating the dentry once it
is mounted, and to remove the dentry on unmount.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Eventually, we'll need this when nfsd gets containerized fully. For
now, create a struct on a per-net-namespace basis that will just hold
a pointer to the cld_net structure. That struct will hold all of the
per-net data that we need for the cld tracker.
Eventually we can add other pernet objects to struct nfsd_net.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Service transports are parametrized by network namespace. And thus lookup of
transport instance have to take network namespace into account.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Parametrize rpc_pton() by network context and thus force it's callers to pass
in network context instead of using hard-coded "init_net".
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
* 'for-3.3' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (31 commits)
nfsd4: nfsd4_create_clid_dir return value is unused
NFSD: Change name of extended attribute containing junction
svcrpc: don't revert to SVC_POOL_DEFAULT on nfsd shutdown
svcrpc: fix double-free on shutdown of nfsd after changing pool mode
nfsd4: be forgiving in the absence of the recovery directory
nfsd4: fix spurious 4.1 post-reboot failures
NFSD: forget_delegations should use list_for_each_entry_safe
NFSD: Only reinitilize the recall_lru list under the recall lock
nfsd4: initialize special stateid's at compile time
NFSd: use network-namespace-aware cache registering routines
SUNRPC: create svc_xprt in proper network namespace
svcrpc: update outdated BKL comment
nfsd41: allow non-reclaim open-by-fh's in 4.1
svcrpc: avoid memory-corruption on pool shutdown
svcrpc: destroy server sockets all at once
svcrpc: make svc_delete_xprt static
nfsd: Fix oops when parsing a 0 length export
nfsd4: Use kmemdup rather than duplicating its implementation
nfsd4: add a separate (lockowner, inode) lookup
nfsd4: fix CONFIG_NFSD_FAULT_INJECTION compile error
...
init_nfsd() was calling free_slabs() during cleanup code, but the call
to init_slabs() was hidden in nfsd4_state_init(). This could be
confusing to people unfamiliar with the code.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Fault injection on the NFS server makes it easier to test the client's
state manager and recovery threads. Simulating errors on the server is
easier than finding the right conditions that cause them naturally.
This patch uses debugfs to add a simple framework for fault injection to
the server. This framework is a config option, and can be enabled
through CONFIG_NFSD_FAULT_INJECTION. Assuming you have debugfs mounted
to /sys/debug, a set of files will be created in /sys/debug/nfsd/.
Writing to any of these files will cause the corresponding action and
write a log entry to dmesg.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Some files were using the complete module.h infrastructure without
actually including the header at all. Fix them up in advance so
once the implicit presence is removed, we won't get failures like this:
CC [M] fs/nfsd/nfssvc.o
fs/nfsd/nfssvc.c: In function 'nfsd_create_serv':
fs/nfsd/nfssvc.c:335: error: 'THIS_MODULE' undeclared (first use in this function)
fs/nfsd/nfssvc.c:335: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
fs/nfsd/nfssvc.c:335: error: for each function it appears in.)
fs/nfsd/nfssvc.c: In function 'nfsd':
fs/nfsd/nfssvc.c:555: error: implicit declaration of function 'module_put_and_exit'
make[3]: *** [fs/nfsd/nfssvc.o] Error 1
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
As promised in feature-removal-schedule.txt it is time to
remove the nfsctl system call.
Userspace has perferred to not use this call throughout 2.6 and it has been
excluded in the default configuration since 2.6.36 (9 months ago).
So this patch removes all the code that was being compiled out.
There are still references to sys_nfsctl in various arch systemcall tables
and related code. These should be cleaned out too, probably in the next
merge window.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Commit b0b0c0a26e "nfsd: add proc file listing kernel's gss_krb5
enctypes" added an nunnecessary dependency of nfsd on the auth_rpcgss
module.
It's a little ad hoc, but since the only piece of information nfsd needs
from rpcsec_gss_krb5 is a single static string, one solution is just to
share it with an include file.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Reported-by: Michael Guntsche <mike@it-loops.com>
Cc: Kevin Coffman <kwc@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
"fs/built-in.o: In function `supported_enctypes_show':
nfsctl.c:(.text+0x7beb0): undefined reference to `gss_mech_get_by_name'
nfsctl.c:(.text+0x7bebc): undefined reference to `gss_mech_put'
"
Reported-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Add a new proc file which lists the encryption types supported
by the kernel's gss_krb5 code.
Newer MIT Kerberos libraries support the assertion of acceptor
subkeys. This enctype information allows user-land (svcgssd)
to request that the Kerberos libraries limit the encryption
types that it uses when generating the subkeys.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Coffman <kwc@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
these pieces of code only make sense when CONFIG_NFSD_DEPRECATED enabled
Signed-off-by: Jovi Zhang <bookjovi@gmail.com>
fs/nfsd/nfsctl.c | 2 ++
1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
* 'for-2.6.37' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (99 commits)
svcrpc: svc_tcp_sendto XPT_DEAD check is redundant
svcrpc: no need for XPT_DEAD check in svc_xprt_enqueue
svcrpc: assume svc_delete_xprt() called only once
svcrpc: never clear XPT_BUSY on dead xprt
nfsd4: fix connection allocation in sequence()
nfsd4: only require krb5 principal for NFSv4.0 callbacks
nfsd4: move minorversion to client
nfsd4: delay session removal till free_client
nfsd4: separate callback change and callback probe
nfsd4: callback program number is per-session
nfsd4: track backchannel connections
nfsd4: confirm only on succesful create_session
nfsd4: make backchannel sequence number per-session
nfsd4: use client pointer to backchannel session
nfsd4: move callback setup into session init code
nfsd4: don't cache seq_misordered replies
SUNRPC: Properly initialize sock_xprt.srcaddr in all cases
SUNRPC: Use conventional switch statement when reclassifying sockets
sunrpc/xprtrdma: clean up workqueue usage
sunrpc: Turn list_for_each-s into the ..._entry-s
...
Fix up trivial conflicts (two different deprecation notices added in
separate branches) in Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
All file_operations should get a .llseek operation so we can make
nonseekable_open the default for future file operations without a
.llseek pointer.
The three cases that we can automatically detect are no_llseek, seq_lseek
and default_llseek. For cases where we can we can automatically prove that
the file offset is always ignored, we use noop_llseek, which maintains
the current behavior of not returning an error from a seek.
New drivers should normally not use noop_llseek but instead use no_llseek
and call nonseekable_open at open time. Existing drivers can be converted
to do the same when the maintainer knows for certain that no user code
relies on calling seek on the device file.
The generated code is often incorrectly indented and right now contains
comments that clarify for each added line why a specific variant was
chosen. In the version that gets submitted upstream, the comments will
be gone and I will manually fix the indentation, because there does not
seem to be a way to do that using coccinelle.
Some amount of new code is currently sitting in linux-next that should get
the same modifications, which I will do at the end of the merge window.
Many thanks to Julia Lawall for helping me learn to write a semantic
patch that does all this.
===== begin semantic patch =====
// This adds an llseek= method to all file operations,
// as a preparation for making no_llseek the default.
//
// The rules are
// - use no_llseek explicitly if we do nonseekable_open
// - use seq_lseek for sequential files
// - use default_llseek if we know we access f_pos
// - use noop_llseek if we know we don't access f_pos,
// but we still want to allow users to call lseek
//
@ open1 exists @
identifier nested_open;
@@
nested_open(...)
{
<+...
nonseekable_open(...)
...+>
}
@ open exists@
identifier open_f;
identifier i, f;
identifier open1.nested_open;
@@
int open_f(struct inode *i, struct file *f)
{
<+...
(
nonseekable_open(...)
|
nested_open(...)
)
...+>
}
@ read disable optional_qualifier exists @
identifier read_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
expression E;
identifier func;
@@
ssize_t read_f(struct file *f, char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
<+...
(
*off = E
|
*off += E
|
func(..., off, ...)
|
E = *off
)
...+>
}
@ read_no_fpos disable optional_qualifier exists @
identifier read_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
@@
ssize_t read_f(struct file *f, char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
... when != off
}
@ write @
identifier write_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
expression E;
identifier func;
@@
ssize_t write_f(struct file *f, const char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
<+...
(
*off = E
|
*off += E
|
func(..., off, ...)
|
E = *off
)
...+>
}
@ write_no_fpos @
identifier write_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
@@
ssize_t write_f(struct file *f, const char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
... when != off
}
@ fops0 @
identifier fops;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
};
@ has_llseek depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier llseek_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.llseek = llseek_f,
...
};
@ has_read depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.read = read_f,
...
};
@ has_write depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.write = write_f,
...
};
@ has_open depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier open_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.open = open_f,
...
};
// use no_llseek if we call nonseekable_open
////////////////////////////////////////////
@ nonseekable1 depends on !has_llseek && has_open @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier nso ~= "nonseekable_open";
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .open = nso, ...
+.llseek = no_llseek, /* nonseekable */
};
@ nonseekable2 depends on !has_llseek @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier open.open_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .open = open_f, ...
+.llseek = no_llseek, /* open uses nonseekable */
};
// use seq_lseek for sequential files
/////////////////////////////////////
@ seq depends on !has_llseek @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier sr ~= "seq_read";
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = sr, ...
+.llseek = seq_lseek, /* we have seq_read */
};
// use default_llseek if there is a readdir
///////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops1 depends on !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier readdir_e;
@@
// any other fop is used that changes pos
struct file_operations fops = {
... .readdir = readdir_e, ...
+.llseek = default_llseek, /* readdir is present */
};
// use default_llseek if at least one of read/write touches f_pos
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops2 depends on !fops1 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read.read_f;
@@
// read fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = read_f, ...
+.llseek = default_llseek, /* read accesses f_pos */
};
@ fops3 depends on !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write.write_f;
@@
// write fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
... .write = write_f, ...
+ .llseek = default_llseek, /* write accesses f_pos */
};
// Use noop_llseek if neither read nor write accesses f_pos
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops4 depends on !fops1 && !fops2 && !fops3 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_no_fpos.read_f;
identifier write_no_fpos.write_f;
@@
// write fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.write = write_f,
.read = read_f,
...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* read and write both use no f_pos */
};
@ depends on has_write && !has_read && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write_no_fpos.write_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .write = write_f, ...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* write uses no f_pos */
};
@ depends on has_read && !has_write && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_no_fpos.read_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = read_f, ...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* read uses no f_pos */
};
@ depends on !has_read && !has_write && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* no read or write fn */
};
===== End semantic patch =====
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
There are two calls that operate on ip_map_cache and are
directly called from the nfsd code. Other places will be
handled in a different way.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
The git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux.git nfsd-next branch doesn't
compile when nfsd is a module with the following error:
ERROR: "get_task_comm" [fs/nfsd/nfsd.ko] undefined!
Replace the get_task_comm call with direct comm access, which is
safe for current.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Add CONFIG_NFSD_DEPRECATED, default to y.
Only include deprecated interface if this is defined.
This allows distros to remove this interface before the official
removal, and allows developers to test without it.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
The syscall interface is has been replaced by a more flexible
interface since 2.6.0. It is time to work towards discarding
the old interface.
So add a entry in feature-removal-schedule.txt and print a warning
when the interface is used.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
It's harmless to set this after the server is created, but also
ineffective, since the value is only used at the time of
svc_create_pooled(). So fail the attempt, in keeping with the pattern
set by write_versions, write_{lease,grace}time and write_recoverydir.
(This could break userspace that tried to write to nfsd/max_block_size
between setting up sockets and starting the server. However, such code
wouldn't have worked anyway, and I don't know of any examples--rpc.nfsd
in nfs-utils, probably the only user of the interface, doesn't do that.)
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Fixes at least one real minor bug: the nfs4 recovery dir sysctl
would not return its status properly.
Also I finished Al's 1e41568d73 ("Take ima_path_check() in nfsd
past dentry_open() in nfsd_open()") commit, it moved the IMA
code, but left the old path initializer in there.
The rest is just dead code removed I think, although I was not
fully sure about the "is_borc" stuff. Some more review
would be still good.
Found by gcc 4.6's new warnings.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Right now, nfsd keeps a lockd reference for each socket that it has
open. This is unnecessary and complicates the error handling on
startup and shutdown. Change it to just do a lockd_up when starting
the first nfsd thread just do a single lockd_down when taking down the
last nfsd thread. Because of the strange way the sv_count is handled
this requires an extra flag to tell whether the nfsd_serv holds a
reference for lockd or not.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
__write_ports_addxprt calls nfsd_create_serv. That increases the
refcount of nfsd_serv (which is tracked in sv_nrthreads). The service
only decrements the thread count on error, not on success like
__write_ports_addfd does, so using this interface leaves the nfsd
thread count high.
Fix this by having this function call svc_destroy() on error to release
the reference (and possibly to tear down the service) and simply
decrement the refcount without tearing down the service on success.
This makes the sv_threads handling work basically the same in both
__write_ports_addxprt and __write_ports_addfd.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
The refcounting for nfsd is a little goofy. What happens is that we
create the nfsd RPC service, attach sockets to it but don't actually
start the threads until someone writes to the "threads" procfile. To do
this, __write_ports_addfd will create the nfsd service and then will
decrement the refcount when exiting but won't actually destroy the
service.
This is fine when there aren't errors, but when there are this can
cause later attempts to start nfsd to fail. nfsd_serv will be set,
and that causes __write_versions to return EBUSY.
Fix this by calling svc_destroy on nfsd_serv when this function is
going to return error.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
- C99 knows about USHRT_MAX/SHRT_MAX/SHRT_MIN, not
USHORT_MAX/SHORT_MAX/SHORT_MIN.
- Make SHRT_MIN of type s16, not int, for consistency.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix drivers/dma/timb_dma.c]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix security/keys/keyring.c]
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
The current documentation here is out of date, and not quite right.
(Future work: some user documentation would be useful.)
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Instead of accessing the lease time directly, some users call
nfs4_lease_time(), and some a macro, NFSD_LEASE_TIME, defined as
nfs4_lease_time(). Neither layer of indirection serves any purpose.
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Try to create a PF_INET6 listener for NFSD, if IPv6 is enabled in the
kernel.
Make sure nfsd_serv's reference count is decreased if
__write_ports_addxprt() failed to create a listener. See
__write_ports_addfd().
Our current plan is to rely on rpc.nfsd to create appropriate IPv6
listeners when server-side NFS/IPv6 support is desired. Legacy
behavior, via the write_threads or write_svc kernel APIs, will remain
the same -- only IPv4 listeners are created.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
[bfields@citi.umich.edu: Move error-handling code to end]
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
write_ports() converts svc_create_xprt()'s ENOENT error return to
EPROTONOSUPPORT so that rpc.nfsd (in user space) can report an error
message that makes sense.
It turns out that several of the other kernel APIs rpc.nfsd use can
also return ENOENT from svc_create_xprt(), by way of lockd_up().
On the client side, an NFSv2 or NFSv3 mount request can also return
the result of lockd_up(). This error may also be returned during an
NFSv4 mount request, since the NFSv4 callback service uses
svc_create_xprt() to create the callback listener. An ENOENT error
return results in a confusing error message from the mount command.
Let's have svc_create_xprt() return EPROTONOSUPPORT instead of ENOENT.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
The new .h files have paths at the top that are now out of date. While
we're here, just remove all of those from fs/nfsd; they never served any
purpose.
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Soon we will add the new V4ROOT flag, and allow the INSECURE flag to
vary by pseudoflavor. It would be useful for nfs-utils (for example,
for improved exportfs error reporting) to be able to know when this
happens. Use this new interface for that purpose.
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Lots of include/linux/nfsd/* headers are only used by
nfsd module. Move them to the source directory
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Now that the headers are fixed and carry their own wait, all fs/nfsd/
source files can include a minimal set of headers. and still compile just
fine.
This patch should improve the compilation speed of the nfsd module.
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
lock_kernel() in knfsd was replaced with a mutex. The later
commit 03cf6c9f49 ("knfsd:
add file to export stats about nfsd pools") did not follow
that change. This patch fixes the issue.
Also move the get and put of nfsd_serv to the open and close methods
(instead of start and stop methods) to allow atomic check and increment
of reference count in the open method (where we can still return an
error).
Signed-off-by: Ryusei Yamaguchi <mandel59@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Isaku Yamahata <yamahata@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Cc: Greg Banks <gnb@fmeh.org>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
In write_failover_ip(), replace the sscanf() with a call to the common
sunrpc.ko presentation address parser.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
kmemleak produces the following warning
unreferenced object 0xc9ec02a0 (size 8):
comm "cat", pid 19048, jiffies 730243
backtrace:
[<c01bf970>] create_object+0x100/0x240
[<c01bfadb>] kmemleak_alloc+0x2b/0x60
[<c01bcd4b>] __kmalloc+0x14b/0x270
[<c02fd027>] write_pool_threads+0x87/0x1d0
[<c02fcc08>] nfsctl_transaction_write+0x58/0x70
[<c02fcc6f>] nfsctl_transaction_read+0x4f/0x60
[<c01c2574>] vfs_read+0x94/0x150
[<c01c297d>] sys_read+0x3d/0x70
[<c0102d6b>] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x32
[<ffffffff>] 0xffffffff
write_pool_threads() only frees nthreads on error paths, in the success case
we leak it.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <eric.sesterhenn@lsexperts.de>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
* Remove smp_lock.h from files which don't need it (including some headers!)
* Add smp_lock.h to files which do need it
* Make smp_lock.h include conditional in hardirq.h
It's needed only for one kernel_locked() usage which is under CONFIG_PREEMPT
This will make hardirq.h inclusion cheaper for every PREEMPT=n config
(which includes allmodconfig/allyesconfig, BTW)
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently when we write a number to 'threads' in nfsdfs,
we take the nfsd_mutex, update the number of threads, then take the
mutex again to read the number of threads.
Mostly this isn't a big deal. However if we are write '0', and
portmap happens to be dead, then we can get unpredictable behaviour.
If the nfsd threads all got killed quickly and the last thread is
waiting for portmap to respond, then the second time we take the mutex
we will block waiting for the last thread.
However if the nfsd threads didn't die quite that fast, then there
will be no contention when we try to take the mutex again.
Unpredictability isn't fun, and waiting for the last thread to exit is
pointless, so avoid taking the lock twice.
To achieve this, get nfsd_svc return a non-negative number of active
threads when not returning a negative error.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Clean up: For consistency, handle output buffer size checking in a
other nfsctl functions the same way it's done for write_versions().
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
While it's not likely today that there are enough NFS versions to
overflow the output buffer in write_versions(), we should be more
careful about detecting the end of the buffer.
The number of NFS versions will only increase as NFSv4 minor versions
are added.
Note that this API doesn't behave the same as portlist. Here we
attempt to display as many versions as will fit in the buffer, and do
not provide any indication that an overflow would have occurred. I
don't have any good rationale for that.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
While it's not likely a pathname will be longer than
SIMPLE_TRANSACTION_SIZE, we should be more careful about just
plopping it into the output buffer without bounds checking.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Adjust the synopsis of svc_sock_names() to pass in the size of the
output buffer. Add a documenting comment.
This is a cosmetic change for now. A subsequent patch will make sure
the buffer length is passed to one_sock_name(), where the length will
actually be useful.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Adjust the synopsis of svc_addsock() to pass in the size of the output
buffer. Add a documenting comment.
This is a cosmetic change for now. A subsequent patch will make sure
the buffer length is passed to one_sock_name(), where the length will
actually be useful.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
The svc_xprt_names() function can overflow its buffer if it's so near
the end of the passed in buffer that the "name too long" string still
doesn't fit. Of course, it could never tell if it was near the end
of the passed in buffer, since its only caller passes in zero as the
buffer length.
Let's make this API a little safer.
Change svc_xprt_names() so it *always* checks for a buffer overflow,
and change its only caller to pass in the correct buffer length.
If svc_xprt_names() does overflow its buffer, it now fails with an
ENAMETOOLONG errno, instead of trying to write a message at the end
of the buffer. I don't like this much, but I can't figure out a clean
way that's always safe to return some of the names, *and* an
indication that the buffer was not long enough.
The displayed error when doing a 'cat /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist' is
"File name too long".
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Clean up.
A couple of years ago, a series of commits, finishing with commit
5680c446, swapped the order of the lockd_up() and svc_addsock() calls
in __write_ports(). At that time lockd_up() needed to know the
transport protocol of the passed-in socket to start a listener on the
same transport protocol.
These days, lockd_up() doesn't take a protocol argument; it always
starts both a UDP and TCP listener. It's now more straightforward to
try the lockd_up() first, then do a lockd_down() if the svc_addsock()
fails.
Careful review of this code shows that the svc_sock_names() call is
used only to close the just-opened socket in case lockd_up() fails.
So it is no longer needed if lockd_up() is done first.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Clean up: Refactor transport name listing out of __write_ports() to
make it easier to understand and maintain.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
User space must call listen(3) on SOCK_STREAM sockets passed into
/proc/fs/nfsd/portlist, otherwise that listener is ignored. Document
this.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Clean up: Refactor the socket creation logic out of __write_ports() to
make it easier to understand and maintain.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Clean up: Refactor the socket closing logic out of __write_ports() to
make it easier to understand and maintain.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Jeff Layton