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OpenCloudOS-Kernel
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Merge branch 'x86/urgent' into x86/asm, to pick up fixes 

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This commit is contained in:
Ingo Molnar 2016-08-18 18:41:12 +02:00
parent b3830e8d47 7b0501b1e7
commit f594d0b9b3
4972 changed files with 207899 additions and 139906 deletions
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3
.cocciconfig Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
[spatch]
options = --timeout 200
options = --use-gitgrep

2
.gitignore vendored
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@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ modules.builtin
Module.symvers
*.dwo
*.su
*.c.[012]*.*
#
# Top-level generic files
@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ Module.symvers
#
!.gitignore
!.mailmap
!.cocciconfig
#
# Generated include files

15
.mailmap
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@ -92,9 +92,17 @@ Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org> <k.kozlowski.k@gmail.com>
Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Leonid I Ananiev <leonid.i.ananiev@intel.com>
Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@c0d3.blue> <linus.luessing@web.de>
Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@c0d3.blue> <linus.luessing@ascom.ch>
Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>
Matthieu CASTET <castet.matthieu@free.fr>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <maurochehab@gmail.com> <mchehab@infradead.org> <mchehab@redhat.com> <m.chehab@samsung.com> <mchehab@osg.samsung.com> <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@brturbo.com.br>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <maurochehab@gmail.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@infradead.org>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@redhat.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <m.chehab@samsung.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@osg.samsung.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Matt Ranostay <mranostay@gmail.com> Matthew Ranostay <mranostay@embeddedalley.com>
Matt Ranostay <mranostay@gmail.com> <matt.ranostay@intel.com>
Mayuresh Janorkar <mayur@ti.com>
@ -130,7 +138,10 @@ Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@oracle.org>
Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
S.Çağlar Onur <caglar@pardus.org.tr>
Shiraz Hashim <shiraz.linux.kernel@gmail.com> <shiraz.hashim@st.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuahkhan@gmail.com> <shuah.khan@hp.com> <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com> <shuah.kh@samsung.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuahkhan@gmail.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuah.khan@hp.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuah.kh@samsung.com>
Simon Kelley <simon@thekelleys.org.uk>
Stéphane Witzmann <stephane.witzmann@ubpmes.univ-bpclermont.fr>
Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org>

9
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pwm
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@ -77,3 +77,12 @@ Description:
Enable/disable the PWM signal.
0 is disabled
1 is enabled
What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipN/pwmX/capture
Date: June 2016
KernelVersion: 4.8
Contact: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Description:
Capture information about a PWM signal. The output format is a
pair unsigned integers (period and duty cycle), separated by a
single space.

33
Documentation/DMA-API.txt
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@ -369,35 +369,32 @@ See also dma_map_single().
dma_addr_t
dma_map_single_attrs(struct device *dev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
void
dma_unmap_single_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
int
dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sgl,
int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
void
dma_unmap_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sgl,
int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
The four functions above are just like the counterpart functions
without the _attrs suffixes, except that they pass an optional
struct dma_attrs*.
struct dma_attrs encapsulates a set of "DMA attributes". For the
definition of struct dma_attrs see linux/dma-attrs.h.
dma_attrs.
The interpretation of DMA attributes is architecture-specific, and
each attribute should be documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt.
If struct dma_attrs* is NULL, the semantics of each of these
functions is identical to those of the corresponding function
If dma_attrs are 0, the semantics of each of these functions
is identical to those of the corresponding function
without the _attrs suffix. As a result dma_map_single_attrs()
can generally replace dma_map_single(), etc.
@ -405,15 +402,15 @@ As an example of the use of the *_attrs functions, here's how
you could pass an attribute DMA_ATTR_FOO when mapping memory
for DMA:
#include <linux/dma-attrs.h>
/* DMA_ATTR_FOO should be defined in linux/dma-attrs.h and
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
/* DMA_ATTR_FOO should be defined in linux/dma-mapping.h and
* documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt */
...
DEFINE_DMA_ATTRS(attrs);
dma_set_attr(DMA_ATTR_FOO, &attrs);
unsigned long attr;
attr |= DMA_ATTR_FOO;
....
n = dma_map_sg_attrs(dev, sg, nents, DMA_TO_DEVICE, &attr);
n = dma_map_sg_attrs(dev, sg, nents, DMA_TO_DEVICE, attr);
....
Architectures that care about DMA_ATTR_FOO would check for its
@ -422,12 +419,10 @@ routines, e.g.:
void whizco_dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
{
....
int foo = dma_get_attr(DMA_ATTR_FOO, attrs);
....
if (foo)
if (attrs & DMA_ATTR_FOO)
/* twizzle the frobnozzle */
....

2
Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
==============
This document describes the semantics of the DMA attributes that are
defined in linux/dma-attrs.h.
defined in linux/dma-mapping.h.
DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER
----------------------

31
Documentation/DocBook/Makefile
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@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
# To add a new book the only step required is to add the book to the
# list of DOCBOOKS.
ifeq ($(IGNORE_DOCBOOKS),)
DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml device-drivers.xml \
kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \
writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \
@ -16,10 +14,16 @@ DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml device-drivers.xml \
genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \
80211.xml debugobjects.xml sh.xml regulator.xml \
alsa-driver-api.xml writing-an-alsa-driver.xml \
tracepoint.xml gpu.xml media_api.xml w1.xml \
tracepoint.xml w1.xml \
writing_musb_glue_layer.xml crypto-API.xml iio.xml
include Documentation/DocBook/media/Makefile
ifeq ($(DOCBOOKS),)
# Skip DocBook build if the user explicitly requested no DOCBOOKS.
.DEFAULT:
@echo " SKIP DocBook $@ target (DOCBOOKS=\"\" specified)."
else
###
# The build process is as follows (targets):
@ -49,7 +53,6 @@ pdfdocs: $(PDF)
HTML := $(sort $(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(BOOKS)))
htmldocs: $(HTML)
$(call cmd,build_main_index)
$(call install_media_images)
MAN := $(patsubst %.xml, %.9, $(BOOKS))
mandocs: $(MAN)
@ -217,19 +220,7 @@ silent_gen_xml = :
-e "s/>/\\&gt;/g"; \
echo "</programlisting>") > $@
else
# Needed, due to cleanmediadocs
include Documentation/DocBook/media/Makefile
htmldocs:
pdfdocs:
psdocs:
xmldocs:
installmandocs:
endif # IGNORE_DOCBOOKS
endif # DOCBOOKS=""
###
# Help targets as used by the top-level makefile
@ -246,7 +237,7 @@ dochelp:
@echo ' make DOCBOOKS="s1.xml s2.xml" [target] Generate only docs s1.xml s2.xml'
@echo ' valid values for DOCBOOKS are: $(DOCBOOKS)'
@echo
@echo " make IGNORE_DOCBOOKS=1 [target] Don't generate docs from Docbook"
@echo " make DOCBOOKS=\"\" [target] Don't generate docs from Docbook"
@echo ' This is useful to generate only the ReST docs (Sphinx)'
@ -269,7 +260,7 @@ clean-files := $(DOCBOOKS) \
clean-dirs := $(patsubst %.xml,%,$(DOCBOOKS)) man
cleandocs: cleanmediadocs
cleandocs:
$(Q)rm -f $(call objectify, $(clean-files))
$(Q)rm -rf $(call objectify, $(clean-dirs))

4
Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl
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@ -161,6 +161,10 @@ X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
!Iinclude/linux/fence.h
!Edrivers/dma-buf/seqno-fence.c
!Iinclude/linux/seqno-fence.h
!Edrivers/dma-buf/fence-array.c
!Iinclude/linux/fence-array.h
!Edrivers/dma-buf/reservation.c
!Iinclude/linux/reservation.h
!Edrivers/dma-buf/sync_file.c
!Iinclude/linux/sync_file.h
</sect2>

3540
Documentation/DocBook/gpu.tmpl
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1
Documentation/DocBook/media/.gitignore vendored
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@ -1 +0,0 @@
!*.svg

427
Documentation/DocBook/media/Makefile
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@ -1,427 +0,0 @@
###
# Media build rules - Auto-generates media contents/indexes and *.h xml's
#
SHELL=/bin/bash
MEDIA_OBJ_DIR=$(objtree)/Documentation/DocBook/
MEDIA_SRC_DIR=$(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/media
MEDIA_TEMP = media-entities.tmpl \
media-indices.tmpl \
videodev2.h.xml \
v4l2.xml \
audio.h.xml \
ca.h.xml \
dmx.h.xml \
frontend.h.xml \
net.h.xml \
video.h.xml \
IMGFILES := $(patsubst %.b64,%, $(notdir $(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/*.b64)))
OBJIMGFILES := $(addprefix $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/, $(IMGFILES))
GENFILES := $(addprefix $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/, $(MEDIA_TEMP))
PHONY += cleanmediadocs
cleanmediadocs:
-@rm -f `find $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR) -type l` $(GENFILES) $(OBJIMGFILES) 2>/dev/null
$(obj)/media_api.xml: $(GENFILES) FORCE
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.html: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.pdf: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.ps: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
V4L_SGMLS = \
$(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/v4l/*.xml|perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (m,.*/(.*)\n,)') \
capture.c.xml \
keytable.c.xml \
v4l2grab.c.xml
DVB_SGMLS = \
$(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/dvb/*.xml|perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (m,.*/(.*)\n,)')
MEDIA_SGMLS = $(addprefix ./,$(V4L_SGMLS)) $(addprefix ./,$(DVB_SGMLS)) $(addprefix ./,$(MEDIA_TEMP))
FUNCS = \
close \
ioctl \
mmap \
munmap \
open \
poll \
read \
select \
write \
IOCTLS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([A-Z][^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/linux/cec.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h) \
DEFINES = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+(DTV_[^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
TYPES = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^typedef\s+.*\s+(\S+)\;/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^typedef\s+.*\s+(\S+)\;/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h)
ENUMS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-mediabus.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h)
ENUM_DEFS = \
$(shell perl -e 'open IN,"cat @ARGV| cpp -fpreprocessed |"; while (<IN>) { if ($$enum) {print "$$1\n" if (/\s*([A-Z]\S+)\b/); } $$enum = 0 if ($$enum && /^\}/); $$enum = 1 if(/^\s*enum\s/); }; close IN;' \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h)
STRUCTS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s\{]+)\s*/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (!/dtv\_cmds\_h/ && /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/ && !/_old/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/linux/cec.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-mediabus.h)
ERRORS = \
E2BIG \
EACCES \
EAGAIN \
EBADF \
EBADFD \
EBADR \
EBADRQC \
EBUSY \
ECHILD \
ECONNRESET \
EDEADLK \
EDOM \
EEXIST \
EFAULT \
EFBIG \
EILSEQ \
EINIT \
EINPROGRESS \
EINTR \
EINVAL \
EIO \
EMFILE \
ENFILE \
ENOBUFS \
ENODATA \
ENODEV \
ENOENT \
ENOIOCTLCMD \
ENOMEM \
ENOSPC \
ENOSR \
ENOSYS \
ENOTSUP \
ENOTSUPP \
ENOTTY \
ENXIO \
EOPNOTSUPP \
EOVERFLOW \
EPERM \
EPIPE \
EPROTO \
ERANGE \
EREMOTE \
EREMOTEIO \
ERESTART \
ERESTARTSYS \
ESHUTDOWN \
ESPIPE \
ETIME \
ETIMEDOUT \
EUSERS \
EWOULDBLOCK \
EXDEV \
ESCAPE = \
-e "s/&/\\&amp;/g" \
-e "s/</\\&lt;/g" \
-e "s/>/\\&gt;/g"
FILENAME = \
-e s,"^[^\/]*/",, \
-e s/"\\.xml"// \
-e s/"\\.tmpl"// \
-e s/\\\./-/g \
-e s/"^func-"// \
-e s/"^pixfmt-"// \
-e s/"^vidioc-"//
# Generate references to these structs in videodev2.h.xml.
DOCUMENTED = \
-e "s/\(enum *\)v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1<link linkend=\"\2\">v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\2<\/link>/g" \
-e "s/\(\(enum\|struct\) *\)\(v4l2_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)/\1<link linkend=\"\3\">\3<\/link>/g" \
-e "s/\(V4L2_PIX_FMT_[A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+v4l2_fourcc\)/<link linkend=\"\1\">\1<\/link>\2/g" \
-e ":a;s/\(linkend=\".*\)_\(.*\">\)/\1-\2/;ta" \
-e "s/v4l2\-mpeg\-vbi\-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g"
DVB_DOCUMENTED = \
-e "s,\(struct\s\+\)\([a-z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+{\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,\(}\s\+\)\([a-z0-9_]\+_t\+\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>,g" \
-e "s,\(define\s\+\)\(DTV_[A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+[0-9]\+\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,<link\s\+linkend=\".*\">\(DTV_IOCTL_MAX_MSGS\|dtv_cmds_h\|__.*_old\)<\/link>,\1,g" \
-e ":a;s/\(linkend=\".*\)_\(.*\">\)/\1-\2/;ta" \
-e "s,\(audio-mixer\|audio-karaoke\|audio-status\|ca-slot-info\|ca-descr-info\|ca-caps\|ca-msg\|ca-descr\|ca-pid\|dmx-filter\|dmx-caps\|video-system\|video-highlight\|video-spu\|video-spu-palette\|video-navi-pack\)-t,\1,g" \
-e "s,DTV-ISDBT-LAYER[A-C],DTV-ISDBT-LAYER,g" \
-e "s,\(define\s\+\)\([A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+_IO\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,\(define\s\+\)\(DTV_[A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,<link\s\+linkend=\".*\">\(__.*_OLD\)<\/link>,\1,g" \
-e "s/\(linkend\=\"\)FE_SET_PROPERTY/\1FE_GET_PROPERTY/g" \
-e "s,<link\s\+linkend=\".*\">\(DTV_ISDBS_TS_ID_LEGACY\|DTV_MAX_COMMAND\|DTV_IOCTL_MAX_MSGS\)<\/link>,\1,g" \
#
# Media targets and dependencies
#
install_media_images = \
$(Q)if [ "x$(findstring media_api.xml,$(DOCBOOKS))" != "x" ]; then \
mkdir -p $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api; \
cp $(OBJIMGFILES) $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/*.svg $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/v4l/*.svg $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api; \
fi
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/%: $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/%.b64
$(Q)base64 -d $< >$@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml: $(OBJIMGFILES)
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@(ln -sf `cd $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR) && /bin/pwd`/v4l/*xml $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/)
@(ln -sf `cd $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR) && /bin/pwd`/dvb/*xml $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/)
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/videodev2.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/audio.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/ca.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/dmx.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUM_DEFS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
r="$$r s/([^\w\-])$$ident([^\w\-])/\1\&$$entity\;\2/g;";\
done; \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/' | \
perl -ne "$$r print $$_;") >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/frontend.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUM_DEFS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
r="$$r s/([^\w\-])$$ident([^\w\-])/\1\&$$entity\;\2/g;";\
done; \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/' | \
perl -ne "$$r print $$_;") >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/net.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/video.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media-entities.tmpl: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<!-- Generated file! Do not edit. -->") >$@
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Functions -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(FUNCS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY func-$$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='func-$$entity'><function>$$ident()</function></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Ioctls -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in `echo $(IOCTLS) | sed -e "s,VIDIOC_RESERVED,,"`; do\
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
id=`grep -e "<refname>$$ident" -e "<section id=\"$$ident\"" $$(find $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR) -name *.xml -type f)| sed -r s,"^.*/(.*).xml.*","\1",` ; \
if [ "$$id" != "" ]; then echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$id'><constant>$$ident</constant></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; else \
echo "Warning: undocumented ioctl: $$ident. Please document it at the media DocBook!" >&2; \
fi; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Defines -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(DEFINES) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'><constant>$$ident</constant></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Types -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(TYPES) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Enums -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUMS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | sed -e "s/v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1/" | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"enum&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Enum definitions -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUM_DEFS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'><constant>$$ident</constant></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Structures -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(STRUCTS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ - | sed s/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"struct&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Error Codes -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(ERRORS) ; do \
echo "<!ENTITY $$ident \"<errorcode>$$ident</errorcode>" \
"error code\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Subsections -->") >>$@
@( \
for file in $(MEDIA_SGMLS) ; do \
entity=`echo "$$file" | sed $(FILENAME) -e s/"^([^-]*)"/sub\1/` ; \
if ! echo "$$file" | \
grep -q -E -e '^(func|vidioc|pixfmt)-' ; then \
echo "<!ENTITY sub-$$entity SYSTEM \"$$file\">" >>$@ ; \
fi ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Function Reference -->") >>$@
@( \
for file in $(MEDIA_SGMLS) ; do \
if echo "$$file" | \
grep -q -E -e '(func|vidioc|pixfmt)-' ; then \
entity=`echo "$$file" |sed $(FILENAME)` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity SYSTEM \"$$file\">" >>$@ ; \
fi ; \
done)
# Jade can auto-generate a list-of-tables, which includes all structs,
# but we only want data types, all types, and sorted please.
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media-indices.tmpl: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<!-- Generated file! Do not edit. -->") >$@
@( \
echo -e "\n<index><title>List of Types</title>") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(TYPES) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie><link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
for ident in $(ENUMS) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | sed -e "s/v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1/" | tr _ -`; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
for ident in $(STRUCTS) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | tr _ - | sed s/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g` ; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo "</index>") >>$@

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!*.xml

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<title>DVB CA Device</title>
<para>The DVB CA device controls the conditional access hardware. It can be accessed through
<constant>/dev/dvb/adapter?/ca?</constant>. Data types and and ioctl definitions can be accessed by
including <constant>linux/dvb/ca.h</constant> in your application.
</para>
<section id="ca_data_types">
<title>CA Data Types</title>
<section id="ca-slot-info">
<title>ca_slot_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_slot_info {
int num; /&#x22C6; slot number &#x22C6;/
int type; /&#x22C6; CA interface this slot supports &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI 1 /&#x22C6; CI high level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_LINK 2 /&#x22C6; CI link layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_PHYS 4 /&#x22C6; CI physical layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_DESCR 8 /&#x22C6; built-in descrambler &#x22C6;/
#define CA_SC 128 /&#x22C6; simple smart card interface &#x22C6;/
unsigned int flags;
#define CA_CI_MODULE_PRESENT 1 /&#x22C6; module (or card) inserted &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_MODULE_READY 2
} ca_slot_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-descr-info">
<title>ca_descr_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr_info {
unsigned int num; /&#x22C6; number of available descramblers (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int type; /&#x22C6; type of supported scrambling system &#x22C6;/
#define CA_ECD 1
#define CA_NDS 2
#define CA_DSS 4
} ca_descr_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-caps">
<title>ca_caps_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_caps {
unsigned int slot_num; /&#x22C6; total number of CA card and module slots &#x22C6;/
unsigned int slot_type; /&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_num; /&#x22C6; total number of descrambler slots (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_type;/&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
} ca_cap_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-msg">
<title>ca_msg_t</title>
<programlisting>
/&#x22C6; a message to/from a CI-CAM &#x22C6;/
typedef struct ca_msg {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int type;
unsigned int length;
unsigned char msg[256];
} ca_msg_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-descr">
<title>ca_descr_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int parity;
unsigned char cw[8];
} ca_descr_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-pid">
<title>ca-pid</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_pid {
unsigned int pid;
int index; /&#x22C6; -1 == disable&#x22C6;/
} ca_pid_t;
</programlisting>
</section></section>
<section id="ca_function_calls">
<title>CA Function Calls</title>
<section id="ca_fopen">
<title>open()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call opens a named ca device (e.g. /dev/ost/ca) for subsequent use.</para>
<para>When an open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready for use.
The significance of blocking or non-blocking mode is described in the
documentation for functions where there is a difference. It does not affect the
semantics of the open() call itself. A device opened in blocking mode can later
be put into non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command
of the fcntl system call. This is a standard system call, documented in the Linux
manual page for fcntl. Only one user can open the CA Device in O_RDWR
mode. All other attempts to open the device in this mode will fail, and an error
code will be returned.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int open(const char &#x22C6;deviceName, int flags);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>const char
*deviceName</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Name of specific video device.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int flags</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>A bit-wise OR of the following flags:</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDONLY read-only access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDWR read/write access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_NONBLOCK open in non-blocking mode</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>(blocking mode is the default)</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>RETURN VALUE</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ENODEV</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device driver not loaded/available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINTERNAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Internal error.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBUSY</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device or resource busy.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="ca_fclose">
<title>close()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call closes a previously opened audio device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int close(int fd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>RETURN VALUE</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="CA_RESET"
role="subsection"><title>CA_RESET</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_RESET);
</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_RESET for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_CAP"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_CAP</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_CAP,
ca_caps_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_CAP for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_caps_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_SLOT_INFO"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_SLOT_INFO</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_SLOT_INFO,
ca_slot_info_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_SLOT_INFO for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_slot_info_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_DESCR_INFO"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_DESCR_INFO</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_DESCR_INFO,
ca_descr_info_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_DESCR_INFO for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_descr_info_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_MSG"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_MSG</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_MSG,
ca_msg_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_MSG for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_msg_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SEND_MSG"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SEND_MSG</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SEND_MSG,
ca_msg_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SEND_MSG for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_msg_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SET_DESCR"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SET_DESCR</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SET_DESCR,
ca_descr_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SET_DESCR for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_descr_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SET_PID"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SET_PID</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SET_PID,
ca_pid_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SET_PID for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_pid_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
</section>

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<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Ralph</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">J. K.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Marcus</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">O. C.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Mauro</firstname>
<othername role="mi">Carvalho</othername>
<surname>Chehab</surname>
<affiliation><address><email>m.chehab@samsung.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Ported document to Docbook XML.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<year>2003</year>
<holder>Convergence GmbH</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright>
<year>2009-2015</year>
<holder>Mauro Carvalho Chehab</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>2.1.0</revnumber>
<date>2015-05-29</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
DocBook improvements and cleanups, in order to document the
system calls on a more standard way and provide more description
about the current DVB API.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.4</revnumber>
<date>2011-05-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Add more information about DVB APIv5, better describing the frontend GET/SET props ioctl's.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.3</revnumber>
<date>2010-07-03</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Add some frontend capabilities flags, present on kernel, but missing at the specs.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.2</revnumber>
<date>2009-10-25</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
documents FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE and FE_DISHETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD ioctls.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.1</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-16</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Added ISDB-T test originally written by Patrick Boettcher
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>Conversion from LaTex to DocBook XML. The
contents is the same as the original LaTex version.</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2003-07-24</date>
<authorinitials>rjkm</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision on LaTEX.</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>LINUX DVB API</title>
<subtitle>Version 5.10</subtitle>
<!-- ADD THE CHAPTERS HERE -->
<chapter id="dvb_introdution">
&sub-intro;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_frontend">
&sub-frontend;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_demux">
&sub-demux;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_ca">
&sub-ca;
</chapter>
<chapter id="net">
&sub-net;
</chapter>
<chapter id="legacy_dvb_apis">
<title>DVB Deprecated APIs</title>
<para>The APIs described here are kept only for historical reasons. There's
just one driver for a very legacy hardware that uses this API. No
modern drivers should use it. Instead, audio and video should be using
the V4L2 and ALSA APIs, and the pipelines should be set using the
Media Controller API</para>
<section id="dvb_video">
&sub-video;
</section>
<section id="dvb_audio">
&sub-audio;
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_examples">
&sub-examples;
</chapter>
<!-- END OF CHAPTERS -->
<appendix id="audio_h">
<title>DVB Audio Header File</title>
&sub-audio-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="ca_h">
<title>DVB Conditional Access Header File</title>
&sub-ca-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="dmx_h">
<title>DVB Demux Header File</title>
&sub-dmx-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="frontend_h">
<title>DVB Frontend Header File</title>
&sub-frontend-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="net_h">
<title>DVB Network Header File</title>
&sub-net-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="video_h">
<title>DVB Video Header File</title>
&sub-video-h;
</appendix>

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<title>Examples</title>
<para>In this section we would like to present some examples for using the DVB API.
</para>
<para>NOTE: This section is out of date, and the code below won't even
compile. Please refer to the
<ulink url="https://linuxtv.org/docs/libdvbv5/index.html">libdvbv5</ulink>
for updated/recommended examples.
</para>
<section id="tuning">
<title>Tuning</title>
<para>We will start with a generic tuning subroutine that uses the frontend and SEC, as well as
the demux devices. The example is given for QPSK tuners, but can easily be adjusted for
QAM.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/sec.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DMX "/dev/dvb/adapter0/demux1"
#define FRONT "/dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend1"
#define SEC "/dev/dvb/adapter0/sec1"
/&#x22C6; routine for checking if we have a signal and other status information&#x22C6;/
int FEReadStatus(int fd, fe_status_t &#x22C6;stat)
{
int ans;
if ( (ans = ioctl(fd,FE_READ_STATUS,stat) &#x003C; 0)){
perror("FE READ STATUS: ");
return -1;
}
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_POWER)
printf("FE HAS POWER\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_SIGNAL)
printf("FE HAS SIGNAL\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_SPECTRUM_INV)
printf("SPEKTRUM INV\n");
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; tune qpsk &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; freq: frequency of transponder &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid, tpid: PIDs of video, audio and teletext TS packets &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; diseqc: DiSEqC address of the used LNB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; pol: Polarisation &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; srate: Symbol Rate &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; fec. FEC &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof1: local frequency of lower LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof2: local frequency of upper LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_slof: switch frequency of LNB &#x22C6;/
int set_qpsk_channel(int freq, int vpid, int apid, int tpid,
int diseqc, int pol, int srate, int fec, int lnb_lof1,
int lnb_lof2, int lnb_slof)
{
struct secCommand scmd;
struct secCmdSequence scmds;
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
FrontendParameters frp;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
FrontendEvent event;
int demux1, demux2, demux3, front;
frequency = (uint32_t) freq;
symbolrate = (uint32_t) srate;
if((front = open(FRONT,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("FRONTEND DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if((sec = open(SEC,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux3 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux3=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (freq &#x003C; lnb_slof) {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof1);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_OFF;
} else {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof2);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_ON;
}
frp.Inversion = INVERSION_AUTO;
if (pol) scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_18;
else scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_13;
scmd.type=0;
scmd.u.diseqc.addr=0x10;
scmd.u.diseqc.cmd=0x38;
scmd.u.diseqc.numParams=1;
scmd.u.diseqc.params[0] = 0xF0 | ((diseqc &#x22C6; 4) &amp; 0x0F) |
(scmds.continuousTone == SEC_TONE_ON ? 1 : 0) |
(scmds.voltage==SEC_VOLTAGE_18 ? 2 : 0);
scmds.miniCommand=SEC_MINI_NONE;
scmds.numCommands=1;
scmds.commands=&amp;scmd;
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
frp.u.qpsk.SymbolRate = srate;
frp.u.qpsk.FEC_inner = fec;
if (ioctl(front, FE_SET_FRONTEND, &amp;frp) &#x003C; 0){
perror("QPSK TUNE: ");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = front;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
if (poll(pfd,1,3000)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
printf("Getting QPSK event\n");
if ( ioctl(front, FE_GET_EVENT, &amp;event)
== -EOVERFLOW){
perror("qpsk get event");
return -1;
}
printf("Received ");
switch(event.type){
case FE_UNEXPECTED_EV:
printf("unexpected event\n");
return -1;
case FE_FAILURE_EV:
printf("failure event\n");
return -1;
case FE_COMPLETION_EV:
printf("completion event\n");
}
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_vpid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_apid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = tpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_TELETEXT;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux3, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_tpid");
return -1;
}
return has_signal(fds);
}
</programlisting>
<para>The program assumes that you are using a universal LNB and a standard DiSEqC
switch with up to 4 addresses. Of course, you could build in some more checking if
tuning was successful and maybe try to repeat the tuning process. Depending on the
external hardware, i.e. LNB and DiSEqC switch, and weather conditions this may be
necessary.
</para>
</section>
<section id="the_dvr_device">
<title>The DVR device</title>
<para>The following program code shows how to use the DVR device for recording.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DVR "/dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr1"
#define AUDIO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/audio1"
#define VIDEO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/video1"
#define BUFFY (188&#x22C6;20)
#define MAX_LENGTH (1024&#x22C6;1024&#x22C6;5) /&#x22C6; record 5MB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; switch the demuxes to recording, assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int switch_to_record(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; start recording MAX_LENGTH , assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int record_dvr(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
int i;
int len;
int written;
uint8_t buf[BUFFY];
uint64_t length;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
int dvr, dvr_out;
/&#x22C6; open dvr device &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr = open(DVR, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DVR DEVICE");
return -1;
}
/&#x22C6; switch video and audio demuxes to dvr &#x22C6;/
printf ("Switching dvr on\n");
i = switch_to_record(demux1, demux2, vpid, apid);
printf("finished: ");
printf("Recording %2.0f MB of test file in TS format\n",
MAX_LENGTH/(1024.0&#x22C6;1024.0));
length = 0;
/&#x22C6; open output file &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr_out = open(DVR_FILE,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT
|O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR
|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|
S_IWOTH)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("Can't open file for dvr test");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = dvr;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
/&#x22C6; poll for dvr data and write to file &#x22C6;/
while (length &#x003C; MAX_LENGTH ) {
if (poll(pfd,1,1)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
len = read(dvr, buf, BUFFY);
if (len &#x003C; 0){
perror("recording");
return -1;
}
if (len &#x003E; 0){
written = 0;
while (written &#x003C; len)
written +=
write (dvr_out,
buf, len);
length += len;
printf("written %2.0f MB\r",
length/1024./1024.);
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
</programlisting>
</section>

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<refentry id="FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY</refname>
<refpurpose>Receives reply from a DiSEqC 2.0 command</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_diseqc_slave_reply *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dvb-diseqc-slave-reply;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Receives reply from a DiSEqC 2.0 command.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="dvb-diseqc-slave-reply">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_diseqc_slave_reply</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>uint8_t</entry>
<entry>msg[4]</entry>
<entry>DiSEqC message (framing, data[3])</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint8_t</entry>
<entry>msg_len</entry>
<entry>Length of the DiSEqC message. Valid values are 0 to 4,
where 0 means no msg</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>int</entry>
<entry>timeout</entry>
<entry>Return from ioctl after timeout ms with errorcode when no
message was received</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD</refname>
<refpurpose>Restores the power to the antenna subsystem, if it was powered
off due to power overload.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>NULL</paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>If the bus has been automatically powered off due to power overload, this ioctl
call restores the power to the bus. The call requires read/write access to the
device. This call has no effect if the device is manually powered off. Not all
DVB adapters support this ioctl.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST</refname>
<refpurpose>Sends a 22KHz tone burst for 2x1 mini DiSEqC satellite selection.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>enum fe_sec_mini_cmd *<parameter>tone</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>tone</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &fe-sec-mini-cmd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This ioctl is used to set the generation of a 22kHz tone burst for mini
DiSEqC satellite
selection for 2x1 switches.
This call requires read/write permissions.</para>
<para>It provides support for what's specified at
<ulink url="http://www.eutelsat.com/files/contributed/satellites/pdf/Diseqc/associated%20docs/simple_tone_burst_detec.pdf">Digital Satellite Equipment Control
(DiSEqC) - Simple "ToneBurst" Detection Circuit specification.</ulink>
</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="fe-sec-mini-cmd-t">
<title>enum fe_sec_mini_cmd</title>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-sec-mini-cmd">
<title>enum fe_sec_mini_cmd</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry align="char" id="SEC-MINI-A"><constant>SEC_MINI_A</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Sends a mini-DiSEqC 22kHz '0' Tone Burst to
select satellite-A</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="SEC-MINI-B"><constant>SEC_MINI_B</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Sends a mini-DiSEqC 22kHz '1' Data Burst to
select satellite-B</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD</refname>
<refpurpose>Sends a DiSEqC command</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_diseqc_master_cmd *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dvb-diseqc-master-cmd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Sends a DiSEqC command to the antenna subsystem.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="dvb-diseqc-master-cmd">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_diseqc_master_cmd</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>uint8_t</entry>
<entry>msg[6]</entry>
<entry>DiSEqC message (framing, address, command, data[3])</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint8_t</entry>
<entry>msg_len</entry>
<entry>Length of the DiSEqC message. Valid values are 3 to 6</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE</refname>
<refpurpose>Select output DC level between normal LNBf voltages or higher
LNBf voltages.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int <parameter>high</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>high</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Valid flags:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>0 - normal 13V and 18V.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>&gt;0 - enables slightly higher voltages instead of
13/18V, in order to compensate for long antenna cables.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Select output DC level between normal LNBf voltages or higher
LNBf voltages between 0 (normal) or a value grater than 0 for higher
voltages.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_GET_INFO">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_GET_INFO</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_GET_INFO</refname>
<refpurpose>Query DVB frontend capabilities and returns information about
the front-end. This call only requires read-only access to the device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_frontend_info *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_GET_INFO</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to struct &dvb-frontend-info;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>All DVB frontend devices support the
<constant>FE_GET_INFO</constant> ioctl. It is used to identify
kernel devices compatible with this specification and to obtain
information about driver and hardware capabilities. The ioctl takes a
pointer to dvb_frontend_info which is filled by the driver. When the
driver is not compatible with this specification the ioctl returns an error.
</para>
&return-value-dvb;
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="dvb-frontend-info">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_frontend_info</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry>name[128]</entry>
<entry>Name of the frontend</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>fe_type_t</entry>
<entry>type</entry>
<entry><emphasis role="bold">DEPRECATED</emphasis>. DVBv3 type. Should not be used on modern programs, as a
frontend may have more than one type. So, the DVBv5 API should
be used instead to enumerate and select the frontend type.</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>frequency_min</entry>
<entry>Minimal frequency supported by the frontend</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>frequency_max</entry>
<entry>Maximal frequency supported by the frontend</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>frequency_stepsize</entry>
<entry>Frequency step - all frequencies are multiple of this value</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>frequency_tolerance</entry>
<entry>Tolerance of the frequency</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>symbol_rate_min</entry>
<entry>Minimal symbol rate (for Cable/Satellite systems), in bauds</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>symbol_rate_max</entry>
<entry>Maximal symbol rate (for Cable/Satellite systems), in bauds</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>symbol_rate_tolerance</entry>
<entry>Maximal symbol rate tolerance, in ppm</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>notifier_delay</entry>
<entry><emphasis role="bold">DEPRECATED</emphasis>. Not used by any driver.</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>&fe-caps;</entry>
<entry>caps</entry>
<entry>Capabilities supported by the frontend</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>NOTE: The frequencies are specified in Hz for Terrestrial and Cable
systems. They're specified in kHz for Satellite systems</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="fe-caps-t">
<title>frontend capabilities</title>
<para>Capabilities describe what a frontend can do. Some capabilities are
supported only on some specific frontend types.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-caps">
<title>enum fe_caps</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry id="FE-IS-STUPID"><constant>FE_IS_STUPID</constant></entry>
<entry>There's something wrong at the frontend, and it can't
report its capabilities</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-INVERSION-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_INVERSION_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend is capable of auto-detecting inversion</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-1-2"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_1_2</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 1/2</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-2-3"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_2_3</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 2/3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-3-4"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_3_4</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 3/4</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-4-5"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_4_5</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 4/5</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-5-6"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_5_6</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 5/6</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-6-7"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_6_7</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 6/7</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-7-8"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_7_8</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 7/8</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-8-9"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_8_9</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 8/9</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect FEC.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QPSK"><constant>FE_CAN_QPSK</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports QPSK modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-16"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_16</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 16-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-32"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_32</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 32-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-64"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_64</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 64-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-128"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_128</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 128-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-256"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_256</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 256-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-TRANSMISSION-MODE-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_TRANSMISSION_MODE_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect the transmission mode</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-BANDWIDTH-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_BANDWIDTH_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect the bandwidth</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-GUARD-INTERVAL-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect the guard interval</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-HIERARCHY-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_HIERARCHY_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect hierarch</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-8VSB"><constant>FE_CAN_8VSB</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 8-VSB modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-16VSB"><constant>FE_CAN_16VSB</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 16-VSB modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-HAS-EXTENDED-CAPS"><constant>FE_HAS_EXTENDED_CAPS</constant></entry>
<entry>Currently, unused</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-MULTISTREAM"><constant>FE_CAN_MULTISTREAM</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports multistream filtering</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-TURBO-FEC"><constant>FE_CAN_TURBO_FEC</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports turbo FEC modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-2G-MODULATION"><constant>FE_CAN_2G_MODULATION</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports "2nd generation modulation" (DVB-S2/T2)></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-NEEDS-BENDING"><constant>FE_NEEDS_BENDING</constant></entry>
<entry>Not supported anymore, don't use it</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-RECOVER"><constant>FE_CAN_RECOVER</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can recover from a cable unplug automatically</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-MUTE-TS"><constant>FE_CAN_MUTE_TS</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can stop spurious TS data output</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_GET_PROPERTY">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_SET_PROPERTY, FE_GET_PROPERTY</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_SET_PROPERTY</refname>
<refname>FE_GET_PROPERTY</refname>
<refpurpose>FE_SET_PROPERTY sets one or more frontend properties.
FE_GET_PROPERTY returns one or more frontend properties.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dtv_properties *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_PROPERTY, FE_GET_PROPERTY</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dtv-properties;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>All DVB frontend devices support the
<constant>FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant> and <constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY</constant>
ioctls. The supported properties and statistics depends on the delivery system
and on the device:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><constant>FE_SET_PROPERTY:</constant></para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>This ioctl is used to set one or more
frontend properties.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>This is the basic command to request the frontend to tune into some
frequency and to start decoding the digital TV signal.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>This call requires read/write access to the device.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>At return, the values are updated to reflect the
actual parameters used.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY:</constant></para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>This ioctl is used to get properties and
statistics from the frontend.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>No properties are changed, and statistics aren't reset.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>This call only requires read-only access to the device.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_READ_STATUS">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_READ_STATUS</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_READ_STATUS</refname>
<refpurpose>Returns status information about the front-end. This call only
requires read-only access to the device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int *<parameter>status</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_READ_STATUS</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>status</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to a bitmask integer filled with the values defined by
&fe-status;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>All DVB frontend devices support the
<constant>FE_READ_STATUS</constant> ioctl. It is used to check about the
locking status of the frontend after being tuned. The ioctl takes a
pointer to an integer where the status will be written.
</para>
<para>NOTE: the size of status is actually sizeof(enum fe_status), with varies
according with the architecture. This needs to be fixed in the future.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="fe-status-t">
<title>int fe_status</title>
<para>The fe_status parameter is used to indicate the current state
and/or state changes of the frontend hardware. It is produced using
the &fe-status; values on a bitmask</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-status">
<title>enum fe_status</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-SIGNAL"><constant>FE_HAS_SIGNAL</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The frontend has found something above the noise level</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-CARRIER"><constant>FE_HAS_CARRIER</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The frontend has found a DVB signal</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-VITERBI"><constant>FE_HAS_VITERBI</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The frontend FEC inner coding (Viterbi, LDPC or other inner code) is stable</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-SYNC"><constant>FE_HAS_SYNC</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Synchronization bytes was found</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-LOCK"><constant>FE_HAS_LOCK</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The DVB were locked and everything is working</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-TIMEDOUT"><constant>FE_TIMEDOUT</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">no lock within the last about 2 seconds</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-REINIT"><constant>FE_REINIT</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The frontend was reinitialized, application is
recommended to reset DiSEqC, tone and parameters</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE</refname>
<refpurpose>Allow setting tuner mode flags to the frontend.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Valid flags:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>0 - normal tune mode</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>FE_TUNE_MODE_ONESHOT - When set, this flag will
disable any zigzagging or other "normal" tuning behaviour.
Additionally, there will be no automatic monitoring of the
lock status, and hence no frontend events will be
generated. If a frontend device is closed, this flag will
be automatically turned off when the device is reopened
read-write.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Allow setting tuner mode flags to the frontend, between 0 (normal)
or FE_TUNE_MODE_ONESHOT mode</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_SET_TONE">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_SET_TONE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_SET_TONE</refname>
<refpurpose>Sets/resets the generation of the continuous 22kHz tone.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>enum fe_sec_tone_mode *<parameter>tone</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_TONE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>tone</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &fe-sec-tone-mode;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This ioctl is used to set the generation of the continuous 22kHz tone.
This call requires read/write permissions.</para>
<para>Usually, satellite antenna subsystems require that the digital TV
device to send a 22kHz tone in order to select between high/low band on
some dual-band LNBf. It is also used to send signals to DiSEqC equipment,
but this is done using the DiSEqC ioctls.</para>
<para>NOTE: if more than one device is connected to the same antenna,
setting a tone may interfere on other devices, as they may lose
the capability of selecting the band. So, it is recommended that
applications would change to SEC_TONE_OFF when the device is not used.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="fe-sec-tone-mode-t">
<title>enum fe_sec_tone_mode</title>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-sec-tone-mode">
<title>enum fe_sec_tone_mode</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry align="char" id="SEC-TONE-ON"><constant>SEC_TONE_ON</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Sends a 22kHz tone burst to the antenna</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="SEC-TONE-OFF"><constant>SEC_TONE_OFF</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Don't send a 22kHz tone to the antenna
(except if the FE_DISEQC_* ioctls are called)</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_SET_VOLTAGE">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_SET_VOLTAGE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_SET_VOLTAGE</refname>
<refpurpose>Allow setting the DC level sent to the antenna subsystem.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>enum fe_sec_voltage *<parameter>voltage</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_VOLTAGE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>voltage</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &fe-sec-voltage;</para>
<para>Valid values are described at &fe-sec-voltage;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This ioctl allows to set the DC voltage level sent through the antenna
cable to 13V, 18V or off.</para>
<para>Usually, a satellite antenna subsystems require that the digital TV
device to send a DC voltage to feed power to the LNBf. Depending on the
LNBf type, the polarization or the intermediate frequency (IF) of the LNBf
can controlled by the voltage level. Other devices (for example, the ones
that implement DISEqC and multipoint LNBf's don't need to control the
voltage level, provided that either 13V or 18V is sent to power up the
LNBf.</para>
<para>NOTE: if more than one device is connected to the same antenna,
setting a voltage level may interfere on other devices, as they may lose
the capability of setting polarization or IF. So, on those
cases, setting the voltage to SEC_VOLTAGE_OFF while the device is not is
used is recommended.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<title>DVB Frontend API</title>
<para>The DVB frontend API was designed to support three types of delivery systems:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Terrestrial systems: DVB-T, DVB-T2, ATSC, ATSC M/H, ISDB-T, DVB-H, DTMB, CMMB</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Cable systems: DVB-C Annex A/C, ClearQAM (DVB-C Annex B), ISDB-C</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Satellite systems: DVB-S, DVB-S2, DVB Turbo, ISDB-S, DSS</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The DVB frontend controls several sub-devices including:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Tuner</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Digital TV demodulator</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Low noise amplifier (LNA)</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Satellite Equipment Control (SEC) hardware (only for Satellite).</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The frontend can be accessed through
<constant>/dev/dvb/adapter?/frontend?</constant>. Data types and
ioctl definitions can be accessed by including
<constant>linux/dvb/frontend.h</constant> in your application.
</para>
<para>NOTE: Transmission via the internet (DVB-IP)
is not yet handled by this API but a future extension is possible.</para>
<para>On Satellite systems, the API support for the Satellite Equipment Control
(SEC) allows to power control and to send/receive signals to control the
antenna subsystem, selecting the polarization and choosing the Intermediate
Frequency IF) of the Low Noise Block Converter Feed Horn (LNBf). It
supports the DiSEqC and V-SEC protocols. The DiSEqC (digital SEC)
specification is available at
<ulink url="http://www.eutelsat.com/satellites/4_5_5.html">Eutelsat</ulink>.</para>
<section id="query-dvb-frontend-info">
<title>Querying frontend information</title>
<para>Usually, the first thing to do when the frontend is opened is to
check the frontend capabilities. This is done using <link linkend="FE_GET_INFO">FE_GET_INFO</link>. This ioctl will enumerate
the DVB API version and other characteristics about the frontend, and
can be opened either in read only or read/write mode.</para>
</section>
<section id="dvb-fe-read-status">
<title>Querying frontend status and statistics</title>
<para>Once <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY"><constant>FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant></link>
is called, the frontend will run a kernel thread that will periodically
check for the tuner lock status and provide statistics about the quality
of the signal.</para>
<para>The information about the frontend tuner locking status can be queried
using <link linkend="FE_READ_STATUS">FE_READ_STATUS</link>.</para>
<para>Signal statistics are provided via <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY"><constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY</constant></link>.
Please note that several statistics require the demodulator to be fully
locked (e. g. with FE_HAS_LOCK bit set). See
<link linkend="frontend-stat-properties">Frontend statistics indicators</link>
for more details.</para>
</section>
&sub-dvbproperty;
<section id="frontend_fcalls">
<title>Frontend Function Calls</title>
<refentry id="frontend_f_open">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>DVB frontend open()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>fe-open</refname>
<refpurpose>Open a frontend device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>open</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>device_name</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>device_name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Device to be opened.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Open flags. Access can either be
<constant>O_RDWR</constant> or <constant>O_RDONLY</constant>.</para>
<para>Multiple opens are allowed with <constant>O_RDONLY</constant>. In this mode, only query and read ioctls are allowed.</para>
<para>Only one open is allowed in <constant>O_RDWR</constant>. In this mode, all ioctls are allowed.</para>
<para>When the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag is given, the system calls may return &EAGAIN; when no data is available or when the device driver is temporarily busy.</para>
<para>Other flags have no effect.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This system call opens a named frontend device (<constant>/dev/dvb/adapter?/frontend?</constant>)
for subsequent use. Usually the first thing to do after a successful open is to
find out the frontend type with <link linkend="FE_GET_INFO">FE_GET_INFO</link>.</para>
<para>The device can be opened in read-only mode, which only allows monitoring of
device status and statistics, or read/write mode, which allows any kind of use
(e.g. performing tuning operations.)
</para>
<para>In a system with multiple front-ends, it is usually the case that multiple devices
cannot be open in read/write mode simultaneously. As long as a front-end
device is opened in read/write mode, other open() calls in read/write mode will
either fail or block, depending on whether non-blocking or blocking mode was
specified. A front-end device opened in blocking mode can later be put into
non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command of the fcntl
system call. This is a standard system call, documented in the Linux manual
page for fcntl. When an open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready
for use in the specified mode. This implies that the corresponding hardware is
powered up, and that other front-ends may have been powered down to make
that possible.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success <function>open</function> returns the new file
descriptor. On error -1 is returned, and the <varname>errno</varname>
variable is set appropriately. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The caller has no permission to access the
device.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The the device driver is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENXIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>No device corresponding to this device special file
exists.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Not enough kernel memory was available to complete the
request.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EMFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The process already has the maximum number of
files open.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The limit on the total number of files open on the
system has been reached.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENODEV</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The device got removed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="frontend_f_close">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>DVB frontend close()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>fe-close</refname>
<refpurpose>Close a frontend device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>close</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This system call closes a previously opened front-end device. After closing
a front-end device, its corresponding hardware might be powered down
automatically.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>The function returns <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> on
success, <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> on failure and the
<varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately. Possible error
codes:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid open file
descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
&sub-fe-get-info;
&sub-fe-read-status;
&sub-fe-get-property;
&sub-fe-diseqc-reset-overload;
&sub-fe-diseqc-send-master-cmd;
&sub-fe-diseqc-recv-slave-reply;
&sub-fe-diseqc-send-burst;
&sub-fe-set-tone;
&sub-fe-set-voltage;
&sub-fe-enable-high-lnb-voltage;
&sub-fe-set-frontend-tune-mode;
</section>
<section id="frontend_legacy_dvbv3_api">
<title>DVB Frontend legacy API (a. k. a. DVBv3)</title>
<para>The usage of this API is deprecated, as it doesn't support all digital
TV standards, doesn't provide good statistics measurements and provides
incomplete information. This is kept only to support legacy applications.</para>
&sub-frontend_legacy_api;
</section>

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<section id="frontend_legacy_types">
<title>Frontend Legacy Data Types</title>
<section id="fe-type-t">
<title>Frontend type</title>
<para>For historical reasons, frontend types are named by the type of modulation
used in transmission. The fontend types are given by fe_type_t type, defined as:</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-type">
<title>Frontend types</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>fe_type</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
<entry><link linkend="DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM">DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM</link> equivalent type</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry id="FE-QPSK"><constant>FE_QPSK</constant></entry>
<entry>For DVB-S standard</entry>
<entry><constant>SYS_DVBS</constant></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-QAM"><constant>FE_QAM</constant></entry>
<entry>For DVB-C annex A standard</entry>
<entry><constant>SYS_DVBC_ANNEX_A</constant></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-OFDM"><constant>FE_OFDM</constant></entry>
<entry>For DVB-T standard</entry>
<entry><constant>SYS_DVBT</constant></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-ATSC"><constant>FE_ATSC</constant></entry>
<entry>For ATSC standard (terrestrial) or for DVB-C Annex B (cable) used in US.</entry>
<entry><constant>SYS_ATSC</constant> (terrestrial) or <constant>SYS_DVBC_ANNEX_B</constant> (cable)</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></table>
<para>Newer formats like DVB-S2, ISDB-T, ISDB-S and DVB-T2 are not described at the above, as they're
supported via the new <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_GET_SET_PROPERTY</link> ioctl's, using the <link linkend="DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM">DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM</link> parameter.
</para>
<para>In the old days, &dvb-frontend-info; used to contain
<constant>fe_type_t</constant> field to indicate the delivery systems,
filled with either FE_QPSK, FE_QAM, FE_OFDM or FE_ATSC. While this is
still filled to keep backward compatibility, the usage of this
field is deprecated, as it can report just one delivery system, but some
devices support multiple delivery systems. Please use
<link linkend="DTV-ENUM-DELSYS">DTV_ENUM_DELSYS</link> instead.
</para>
<para>On devices that support multiple delivery systems,
&dvb-frontend-info;::<constant>fe_type_t</constant> is filled with the
currently standard, as selected by the last call to
<link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">FE_SET_PROPERTY</link>
using the &DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM; property.</para>
</section>
<section id="fe-bandwidth-t">
<title>Frontend bandwidth</title>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-bandwidth">
<title>enum fe_bandwidth</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-AUTO"><constant>BANDWIDTH_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>Autodetect bandwidth (if supported)</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-1-712-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_1_712_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>1.712 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-5-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_5_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>5 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-6-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_6_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>6 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-7-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>7 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-8-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_8_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>8 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-10-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_10_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>10 MHz</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section id="dvb-frontend-parameters">
<title>frontend parameters</title>
<para>The kind of parameters passed to the frontend device for tuning depend on
the kind of hardware you are using.</para>
<para>The struct <constant>dvb_frontend_parameters</constant> uses an
union with specific per-system parameters. However, as newer delivery systems
required more data, the structure size weren't enough to fit, and just
extending its size would break the existing applications. So, those parameters
were replaced by the usage of <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">
<constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant></link> ioctl's. The
new API is flexible enough to add new parameters to existing delivery systems,
and to add newer delivery systems.</para>
<para>So, newer applications should use <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">
<constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant></link> instead, in
order to be able to support the newer System Delivery like DVB-S2, DVB-T2,
DVB-C2, ISDB, etc.</para>
<para>All kinds of parameters are combined as an union in the FrontendParameters structure:
<programlisting>
struct dvb_frontend_parameters {
uint32_t frequency; /&#x22C6; (absolute) frequency in Hz for QAM/OFDM &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; intermediate frequency in kHz for QPSK &#x22C6;/
&fe-spectral-inversion-t; inversion;
union {
struct dvb_qpsk_parameters qpsk;
struct dvb_qam_parameters qam;
struct dvb_ofdm_parameters ofdm;
struct dvb_vsb_parameters vsb;
} u;
};
</programlisting></para>
<para>In the case of QPSK frontends the <constant>frequency</constant> field specifies the intermediate
frequency, i.e. the offset which is effectively added to the local oscillator frequency (LOF) of
the LNB. The intermediate frequency has to be specified in units of kHz. For QAM and
OFDM frontends the <constant>frequency</constant> specifies the absolute frequency and is given in Hz.
</para>
<section id="dvb-qpsk-parameters">
<title>QPSK parameters</title>
<para>For satellite QPSK frontends you have to use the <constant>dvb_qpsk_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_qpsk_parameters {
uint32_t symbol_rate; /&#x22C6; symbol rate in Symbols per second &#x22C6;/
&fe-code-rate-t; fec_inner; /&#x22C6; forward error correction (see above) &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dvb-qam-parameters">
<title>QAM parameters</title>
<para>for cable QAM frontend you use the <constant>dvb_qam_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_qam_parameters {
uint32_t symbol_rate; /&#x22C6; symbol rate in Symbols per second &#x22C6;/
&fe-code-rate-t; fec_inner; /&#x22C6; forward error correction (see above) &#x22C6;/
&fe-modulation-t; modulation; /&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dvb-vsb-parameters">
<title>VSB parameters</title>
<para>ATSC frontends are supported by the <constant>dvb_vsb_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_vsb_parameters {
&fe-modulation-t; modulation; /&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dvb-ofdm-parameters">
<title>OFDM parameters</title>
<para>DVB-T frontends are supported by the <constant>dvb_ofdm_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_ofdm_parameters {
&fe-bandwidth-t; bandwidth;
&fe-code-rate-t; code_rate_HP; /&#x22C6; high priority stream code rate &#x22C6;/
&fe-code-rate-t; code_rate_LP; /&#x22C6; low priority stream code rate &#x22C6;/
&fe-modulation-t; constellation; /&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
&fe-transmit-mode-t; transmission_mode;
&fe-guard-interval-t; guard_interval;
&fe-hierarchy-t; hierarchy_information;
};
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>
<section id="dvb-frontend-event">
<title>frontend events</title>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_frontend_event {
fe_status_t status;
struct dvb_frontend_parameters parameters;
};
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>
<section id="frontend_legacy_fcalls">
<title>Frontend Legacy Function Calls</title>
<para>Those functions are defined at DVB version 3. The support is kept in
the kernel due to compatibility issues only. Their usage is strongly
not recommended</para>
<section id="FE_READ_BER">
<title>FE_READ_BER</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the bit error rate for the signal currently
received/demodulated by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to
the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_READ_BER">FE_READ_BER</link>,
uint32_t &#x22C6;ber);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_BER">FE_READ_BER</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>uint32_t *ber</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The bit error rate is stored into *ber.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="FE_READ_SNR">
<title>FE_READ_SNR</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the signal-to-noise ratio for the signal currently received
by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_READ_SNR">FE_READ_SNR</link>, uint16_t
&#x22C6;snr);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_SNR">FE_READ_SNR</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>uint16_t *snr</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The signal-to-noise ratio is stored into *snr.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">
<title>FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the signal strength value for the signal currently received
by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request =
<link linkend="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</link>, uint16_t &#x22C6;strength);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</link> for this
command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>uint16_t *strength</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The signal strength value is stored into *strength.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">
<title>FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the number of uncorrected blocks detected by the device
driver during its lifetime. For meaningful measurements, the increment in block
count during a specific time interval should be calculated. For this command,
read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>Note that the counter will wrap to zero after its maximum count has been
reached.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request =
<link linkend="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</link>, uint32_t &#x22C6;ublocks);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</link> for this
command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>uint32_t *ublocks</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The total number of uncorrected blocks seen by the driver
so far.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="FE_SET_FRONTEND">
<title>FE_SET_FRONTEND</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call starts a tuning operation using specified parameters. The result
of this call will be successful if the parameters were valid and the tuning could
be initiated. The result of the tuning operation in itself, however, will arrive
asynchronously as an event (see documentation for <link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link> and
FrontendEvent.) If a new <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> operation is initiated before
the previous one was completed, the previous operation will be aborted in favor
of the new one. This command requires read/write access to the device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link>,
struct dvb_frontend_parameters &#x22C6;p);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct
dvb_frontend_parameters
*p</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Points to parameters for tuning operation.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Maximum supported symbol rate reached.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="FE_GET_FRONTEND">
<title>FE_GET_FRONTEND</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call queries the currently effective frontend parameters. For this
command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_GET_FRONTEND">FE_GET_FRONTEND</link>,
struct dvb_frontend_parameters &#x22C6;p);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct
dvb_frontend_parameters
*p</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Points to parameters for tuning operation.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Maximum supported symbol rate reached.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="FE_GET_EVENT">
<title>FE_GET_EVENT</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns a frontend event if available. If an event is not
available, the behavior depends on whether the device is in blocking or
non-blocking mode. In the latter case, the call fails immediately with errno
set to EWOULDBLOCK. In the former case, the call blocks until an event
becomes available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>The standard Linux poll() and/or select() system calls can be used with the
device file descriptor to watch for new events. For select(), the file descriptor
should be included in the exceptfds argument, and for poll(), POLLPRI should
be specified as the wake-up condition. Since the event queue allocated is
rather small (room for 8 events), the queue must be serviced regularly to avoid
overflow. If an overflow happens, the oldest event is discarded from the queue,
and an error (EOVERFLOW) occurs the next time the queue is read. After
reporting the error condition in this fashion, subsequent
<link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link>
calls will return events from the queue as usual.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>For the sake of implementation simplicity, this command requires read/write
access to the device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = QPSK_GET_EVENT,
struct dvb_frontend_event &#x22C6;ev);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct
dvb_frontend_event
*ev</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Points to the location where the event,</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>if any, is to be stored.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EWOULDBLOCK</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>There is no event pending, and the device is in
non-blocking mode.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EOVERFLOW</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Overflow in event queue - one or more events were lost.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD">
<title>FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
<para>WARNING: This is a very obscure legacy command, used only at stv0299 driver. Should not be used on newer drivers.</para>
<para>It provides a non-standard method for selecting Diseqc voltage on the frontend, for Dish Network legacy switches.</para>
<para>As support for this ioctl were added in 2004, this means that such dishes were already legacy in 2004.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request =
<link linkend="FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD">FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD</link>, unsigned long cmd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
<para>unsigned long cmd</para>
</entry>
<entry align="char">
<para>
sends the specified raw cmd to the dish via DISEqC.
</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
</section>

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@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
<title>Introduction</title>
<section id="requisites">
<title>What you need to know</title>
<para>The reader of this document is required to have some knowledge in
the area of digital video broadcasting (DVB) and should be familiar with
part I of the MPEG2 specification ISO/IEC 13818 (aka ITU-T H.222), i.e
you should know what a program/transport stream (PS/TS) is and what is
meant by a packetized elementary stream (PES) or an I-frame.</para>
<para>Various DVB standards documents are available from
<ulink url="http://www.dvb.org" /> and/or
<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org" />.</para>
<para>It is also necessary to know how to access unix/linux devices and
how to use ioctl calls. This also includes the knowledge of C or C++.
</para>
</section>
<section id="history">
<title>History</title>
<para>The first API for DVB cards we used at Convergence in late 1999
was an extension of the Video4Linux API which was primarily developed
for frame grabber cards. As such it was not really well suited to be
used for DVB cards and their new features like recording MPEG streams
and filtering several section and PES data streams at the same time.
</para>
<para>In early 2000, we were approached by Nokia with a proposal for a
new standard Linux DVB API. As a commitment to the development of
terminals based on open standards, Nokia and Convergence made it
available to all Linux developers and published it on
<ulink url="https://linuxtv.org" /> in September 2000.
Convergence is the maintainer of the Linux DVB API. Together with the
LinuxTV community (i.e. you, the reader of this document), the Linux DVB
API will be constantly reviewed and improved. With the Linux driver for
the Siemens/Hauppauge DVB PCI card Convergence provides a first
implementation of the Linux DVB API.</para>
</section>
<section id="overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<figure id="stb_components">
<title>Components of a DVB card/STB</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.png" format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>A DVB PCI card or DVB set-top-box (STB) usually consists of the
following main hardware components: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Frontend consisting of tuner and DVB demodulator</para>
<para>Here the raw signal reaches the DVB hardware from a satellite dish
or antenna or directly from cable. The frontend down-converts and
demodulates this signal into an MPEG transport stream (TS). In case of a
satellite frontend, this includes a facility for satellite equipment
control (SEC), which allows control of LNB polarization, multi feed
switches or dish rotors.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Conditional Access (CA) hardware like CI adapters and smartcard slots
</para>
<para>The complete TS is passed through the CA hardware. Programs to
which the user has access (controlled by the smart card) are decoded in
real time and re-inserted into the TS.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Demultiplexer which filters the incoming DVB stream</para>
<para>The demultiplexer splits the TS into its components like audio and
video streams. Besides usually several of such audio and video streams
it also contains data streams with information about the programs
offered in this or other streams of the same provider.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>MPEG2 audio and video decoder</para>
<para>The main targets of the demultiplexer are the MPEG2 audio and
video decoders. After decoding they pass on the uncompressed audio and
video to the computer screen or (through a PAL/NTSC encoder) to a TV
set.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><xref linkend="stb_components" /> shows a crude schematic of the control and data flow
between those components.</para>
<para>On a DVB PCI card not all of these have to be present since some
functionality can be provided by the main CPU of the PC (e.g. MPEG
picture and sound decoding) or is not needed (e.g. for data-only uses
like &#8220;internet over satellite&#8221;). Also not every card or STB
provides conditional access hardware.</para>
</section>
<section id="dvb_devices">
<title>Linux DVB Devices</title>
<para>The Linux DVB API lets you control these hardware components
through currently six Unix-style character devices for video, audio,
frontend, demux, CA and IP-over-DVB networking. The video and audio
devices control the MPEG2 decoder hardware, the frontend device the
tuner and the DVB demodulator. The demux device gives you control over
the PES and section filters of the hardware. If the hardware does not
support filtering these filters can be implemented in software. Finally,
the CA device controls all the conditional access capabilities of the
hardware. It can depend on the individual security requirements of the
platform, if and how many of the CA functions are made available to the
application through this device.</para>
<para>All devices can be found in the <constant>/dev</constant>
tree under <constant>/dev/dvb</constant>. The individual devices
are called:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/audioM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/videoM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/frontendM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/netM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/demuxM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/dvrM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/caM</constant>,</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
<para>where N enumerates the DVB PCI cards in a system starting
from&#x00A0;0, and M enumerates the devices of each type within each
adapter, starting from&#x00A0;0, too. We will omit the &#8220;
<constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/</constant>&#8221; in the further discussion
of these devices.</para>
<para>More details about the data structures and function calls of all
the devices are described in the following chapters.</para>
</section>
<section id="include_files">
<title>API include files</title>
<para>For each of the DVB devices a corresponding include file exists.
The DVB API include files should be included in application sources with
a partial path like:</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/audio.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/ca.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/net.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/osd.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<para>To enable applications to support different API version, an
additional include file
<constant>linux/dvb/version.h</constant> exists, which defines the
constant <constant>DVB_API_VERSION</constant>. This document
describes <constant>DVB_API_VERSION 5.10</constant>.
</para>
</section>

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@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
<title>DVB Network API</title>
<para>The DVB net device controls the mapping of data packages that are
part of a transport stream to be mapped into a virtual network interface,
visible through the standard Linux network protocol stack.</para>
<para>Currently, two encapsulations are supported:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprotocol_Encapsulation">
Multi Protocol Encapsulation (MPE)</ulink></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidirectional_Lightweight_Encapsulation">
Ultra Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE)</ulink></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>In order to create the Linux virtual network interfaces, an application
needs to tell to the Kernel what are the PIDs and the encapsulation types
that are present on the transport stream. This is done through
<constant>/dev/dvb/adapter?/net?</constant> device node.
The data will be available via virtual <constant>dvb?_?</constant>
network interfaces, and will be controlled/routed via the standard
ip tools (like ip, route, netstat, ifconfig, etc).</para>
<para> Data types and and ioctl definitions are defined via
<constant>linux/dvb/net.h</constant> header.</para>
<section id="net_fcalls">
<title>DVB net Function Calls</title>
<refentry id="NET_ADD_IF">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl NET_ADD_IF</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>NET_ADD_IF</refname>
<refpurpose>Creates a new network interface for a given Packet ID.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_net_if *<parameter>net_if</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_TONE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>net_if</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dvb-net-if;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The NET_ADD_IF ioctl system call selects the Packet ID (PID) that
contains a TCP/IP traffic, the type of encapsulation to be used (MPE or ULE)
and the interface number for the new interface to be created. When the
system call successfully returns, a new virtual network interface is created.</para>
<para>The &dvb-net-if;::ifnum field will be filled with the number of the
created interface.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="dvb-net-if-t">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_net_if</structname> description</title>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="dvb-net-if">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_net_if</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry align="char">pid</entry>
<entry align="char">Packet ID (PID) of the MPEG-TS that contains
data</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char">ifnum</entry>
<entry align="char">number of the DVB interface.</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char">feedtype</entry>
<entry align="char">Encapsulation type of the feed. It can be:
<constant>DVB_NET_FEEDTYPE_MPE</constant> for MPE encoding
or
<constant>DVB_NET_FEEDTYPE_ULE</constant> for ULE encoding.
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="NET_REMOVE_IF">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl NET_REMOVE_IF</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>NET_REMOVE_IF</refname>
<refpurpose>Removes a network interface.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>ifnum</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_TONE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>net_if</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>number of the interface to be removed</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The NET_REMOVE_IF ioctl deletes an interface previously created
via &NET-ADD-IF;.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="NET_GET_IF">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl NET_GET_IF</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>NET_GET_IF</refname>
<refpurpose>Read the configuration data of an interface created via
&NET-ADD-IF;.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_net_if *<parameter>net_if</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_TONE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>net_if</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dvb-net-if;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The NET_GET_IF ioctl uses the interface number given by the
&dvb-net-if;::ifnum field and fills the content of &dvb-net-if; with
the packet ID and encapsulation type used on such interface. If the
interface was not created yet with &NET-ADD-IF;, it will return -1 and
fill the <constant>errno</constant> with <constant>EINVAL</constant>
error code.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
</section>

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<bibliography>
<title>References</title>
<biblioentry id="cea608">
<abbrev>CEA&nbsp;608-E</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Consumer Electronics Association (<ulink
url="http://www.ce.org">http://www.ce.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>CEA-608-E R-2014 "Line 21 Data Services"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="en300294">
<abbrev>EN&nbsp;300&nbsp;294</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>EN 300 294 "625-line television Wide Screen Signalling
(WSS)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="ets300231">
<abbrev>ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;231</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink
url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ETS 300 231 "Specification of the domestic video
Programme Delivery Control system (PDC)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="ets300706">
<abbrev>ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;706</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ETS 300 706 "Enhanced Teletext specification"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="mpeg2part1">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;13818-1</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>), International
Organisation for Standardisation (<ulink
url="http://www.iso.ch">http://www.iso.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 "Information
technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="mpeg2part2">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;13818-2</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>), International
Organisation for Standardisation (<ulink
url="http://www.iso.ch">http://www.iso.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO/IEC 13818-2 "Information
technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Video"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu470">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.470</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6 "Conventional Television
Systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu601">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.601</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-5 "Studio Encoding Parameters
of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect
Ratios"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu653">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.653</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.653-3 "Teletext systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu709">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.709</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.709-5 "Parameter values for the
HDTV standards for production and international programme
exchange"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu1119">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.1119</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.1119 "625-line
television Wide Screen Signalling (WSS)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="jfif">
<abbrev>JFIF</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Independent JPEG Group (<ulink
url="http://www.ijg.org">http://www.ijg.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>JPEG File Interchange Format</title>
<subtitle>Version 1.02</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu-t81">
<abbrev>ITU-T.81</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union
(<ulink url="http://www.itu.int">http://www.itu.int</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Recommendation T.81
"Information Technology &mdash; Digital Compression and Coding of Continous-Tone
Still Images &mdash; Requirements and Guidelines"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="w3c-jpeg-jfif">
<abbrev>W3C JPEG JFIF</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>The World Wide Web Consortium (<ulink
url="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG">http://www.w3.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>JPEG JFIF</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte12m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;12M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 12M-1999 "Television, Audio and Film - Time and
Control Code"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte170m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;170M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 170M-1999 "Television - Composite Analog Video
Signal - NTSC for Studio Applications"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte240m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;240M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 240M-1999 "Television - Signal Parameters -
1125-Line High-Definition Production"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte431">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;RP&nbsp;431-2</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE RP 431-2:2011 "D-Cinema Quality - Reference Projector and Environment"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte2084">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;ST&nbsp;2084</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE ST 2084:2014 "High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function of Master Reference Displays"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="srgb">
<abbrev>sRGB</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>IEC 61966-2-1 ed1.0 "Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement
and management - Part 2-1: Colour management - Default RGB colour space - sRGB"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="sycc">
<abbrev>sYCC</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>IEC 61966-2-1-am1 ed1.0 "Amendment 1 - Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement
and management - Part 2-1: Colour management - Default RGB colour space - sRGB"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="xvycc">
<abbrev>xvYCC</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>IEC 61966-2-4 ed1.0 "Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement
and management - Part 2-4: Colour management - Extended-gamut YCC colour space for video
applications - xvYCC"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="adobergb">
<abbrev>AdobeRGB</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Adobe Systems Incorporated (<ulink url="http://www.adobe.com">http://www.adobe.com</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Adobe&copy; RGB (1998) Color Image Encoding Version 2005-05</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="oprgb">
<abbrev>opRGB</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>IEC 61966-2-5 "Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement
and management - Part 2-5: Colour management - Optional RGB colour space - opRGB"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu2020">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.2020</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020 (08/2012) "Parameter values for ultra-high
definition television systems for production and international programme exchange"
</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="tech3213">
<abbrev>EBU&nbsp;Tech&nbsp;3213</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Broadcast Union (<ulink
url="http://www.ebu.ch">http://www.ebu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>E.B.U. Standard for Chromaticity Tolerances for Studio Monitors"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="iec62106">
<abbrev>IEC&nbsp;62106</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting
in the frequency range from 87,5 to 108,0 MHz</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="nrsc4">
<abbrev>NRSC-4-B</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>National Radio Systems Committee
(<ulink url="http://www.nrscstandards.org">http://www.nrscstandards.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>NRSC-4-B: United States RBDS Standard</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="iso12232">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;12232:2006</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Organization for Standardization
(<ulink url="http://www.iso.org">http://www.iso.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Photography &mdash; Digital still cameras &mdash; Determination
of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity, and
recommended exposure index</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="cea861">
<abbrev>CEA-861-E</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Consumer Electronics Association
(<ulink url="http://www.ce.org">http://www.ce.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>A DTV Profile for Uncompressed High Speed Digital Interfaces</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="vesadmt">
<abbrev>VESA&nbsp;DMT</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA and Industry Standards and Guidelines for Computer Display Monitor Timing (DMT)</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="vesaedid">
<abbrev>EDID</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data Standard</title>
<subtitle>Release A, Revision 2</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="hdcp">
<abbrev>HDCP</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Digital Content Protection LLC
(<ulink url="http://www.digital-cp.com">http://www.digital-cp.com</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System</title>
<subtitle>Revision 1.3</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="hdmi">
<abbrev>HDMI</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>HDMI Licensing LLC
(<ulink url="http://www.hdmi.org">http://www.hdmi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>High-Definition Multimedia Interface</title>
<subtitle>Specification Version 1.4a</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="hdmi2">
<abbrev>HDMI2</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>HDMI Licensing LLC
(<ulink url="http://www.hdmi.org">http://www.hdmi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>High-Definition Multimedia Interface</title>
<subtitle>Specification Version 2.0</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="dp">
<abbrev>DP</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA DisplayPort Standard</title>
<subtitle>Version 1, Revision 2</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="poynton">
<abbrev>poynton</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Charles Poynton</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Digital Video and HDTV, Algorithms and Interfaces</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="colimg">
<abbrev>colimg</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Erik Reinhard et al.</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Color Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications</title>
</biblioentry>
</bibliography>

659
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/capture.c.xml
View File

@ -1,659 +0,0 @@
<programlisting>
/*
* V4L2 video capture example
*
* This program can be used and distributed without restrictions.
*
* This program is provided with the V4L2 API
* see https://linuxtv.org/docs.php for more information
*/
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;assert.h&gt;
#include &lt;getopt.h&gt; /* getopt_long() */
#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt; /* low-level i/o */
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;errno.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/stat.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/time.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/mman.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;
#include &lt;linux/videodev2.h&gt;
#define CLEAR(x) memset(&amp;(x), 0, sizeof(x))
enum io_method {
IO_METHOD_READ,
IO_METHOD_MMAP,
IO_METHOD_USERPTR,
};
struct buffer {
void *start;
size_t length;
};
static char *dev_name;
static enum io_method io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;
static int fd = -1;
struct buffer *buffers;
static unsigned int n_buffers;
static int out_buf;
static int force_format;
static int frame_count = 70;
static void errno_exit(const char *s)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s error %d, %s\n", s, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static int xioctl(int fh, int request, void *arg)
{
int r;
do {
r = ioctl(fh, request, arg);
} while (-1 == r &amp;&amp; EINTR == errno);
return r;
}
static void process_image(const void *p, int size)
{
if (out_buf)
fwrite(p, size, 1, stdout);
fflush(stderr);
fprintf(stderr, ".");
fflush(stdout);
}
static int read_frame(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
unsigned int i;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
if (-1 == read(fd, buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("read");
}
}
process_image(buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &amp;buf)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
}
}
assert(buf.index &lt; n_buffers);
process_image(buffers[buf.index].start, buf.bytesused);
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &amp;buf)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
}
}
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
if (buf.m.userptr == (unsigned long)buffers[i].start
&amp;&amp; buf.length == buffers[i].length)
break;
assert(i &lt; n_buffers);
process_image((void *)buf.m.userptr, buf.bytesused);
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
break;
}
return 1;
}
static void mainloop(void)
{
unsigned int count;
count = frame_count;
while (count-- &gt; 0) {
for (;;) {
fd_set fds;
struct timeval tv;
int r;
FD_ZERO(&amp;fds);
FD_SET(fd, &amp;fds);
/* Timeout. */
tv.tv_sec = 2;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
r = select(fd + 1, &amp;fds, NULL, NULL, &amp;tv);
if (-1 == r) {
if (EINTR == errno)
continue;
errno_exit("select");
}
if (0 == r) {
fprintf(stderr, "select timeout\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (read_frame())
break;
/* EAGAIN - continue select loop. */
}
}
}
static void stop_capturing(void)
{
enum <link linkend="v4l2-buf-type">v4l2_buf_type</link> type;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
/* Nothing to do. */
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMOFF");
break;
}
}
static void start_capturing(void)
{
unsigned int i;
enum <link linkend="v4l2-buf-type">v4l2_buf_type</link> type;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
/* Nothing to do. */
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = i;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
}
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
buf.index = i;
buf.m.userptr = (unsigned long)buffers[i].start;
buf.length = buffers[i].length;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
}
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
break;
}
}
static void uninit_device(void)
{
unsigned int i;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
free(buffers[0].start);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
if (-1 == munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length))
errno_exit("munmap");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
free(buffers[i].start);
break;
}
free(buffers);
}
static void init_read(unsigned int buffer_size)
{
buffers = calloc(1, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
buffers[0].length = buffer_size;
buffers[0].start = malloc(buffer_size);
if (!buffers[0].start) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
static void init_mmap(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-requestbuffers">v4l2_requestbuffers</link> req;
CLEAR(req);
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &amp;req)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
"memory mapping\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
}
}
if (req.count &lt; 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient buffer memory on %s\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
buffers = calloc(req.count, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers &lt; req.count; ++n_buffers) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = n_buffers;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF");
buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length;
buffers[n_buffers].start =
mmap(NULL /* start anywhere */,
buf.length,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,
MAP_SHARED /* recommended */,
fd, buf.m.offset);
if (MAP_FAILED == buffers[n_buffers].start)
errno_exit("mmap");
}
}
static void init_userp(unsigned int buffer_size)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-requestbuffers">v4l2_requestbuffers</link> req;
CLEAR(req);
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &amp;req)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
"user pointer i/o\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
}
}
buffers = calloc(4, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers &lt; 4; ++n_buffers) {
buffers[n_buffers].length = buffer_size;
buffers[n_buffers].start = malloc(buffer_size);
if (!buffers[n_buffers].start) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
}
static void init_device(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-capability">v4l2_capability</link> cap;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-cropcap">v4l2_cropcap</link> cropcap;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-crop">v4l2_crop</link> crop;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-format">v4l2_format</link> fmt;
unsigned int min;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &amp;cap)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no V4L2 device\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYCAP");
}
}
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no video capture device\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_READWRITE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support read i/o\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support streaming i/o\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
break;
}
/* Select video input, video standard and tune here. */
CLEAR(cropcap);
cropcap.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (0 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_CROPCAP, &amp;cropcap)) {
crop.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
crop.c = cropcap.defrect; /* reset to default */
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CROP, &amp;crop)) {
switch (errno) {
case EINVAL:
/* Cropping not supported. */
break;
default:
/* Errors ignored. */
break;
}
}
} else {
/* Errors ignored. */
}
CLEAR(fmt);
fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (force_format) {
fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640;
fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480;
fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;
fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &amp;fmt))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_S_FMT");
/* Note VIDIOC_S_FMT may change width and height. */
} else {
/* Preserve original settings as set by v4l2-ctl for example */
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &amp;fmt))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_G_FMT");
}
/* Buggy driver paranoia. */
min = fmt.fmt.pix.width * 2;
if (fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline &lt; min)
fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline = min;
min = fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline * fmt.fmt.pix.height;
if (fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage &lt; min)
fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage = min;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
init_read(fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
init_mmap();
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
init_userp(fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);
break;
}
}
static void close_device(void)
{
if (-1 == close(fd))
errno_exit("close");
fd = -1;
}
static void open_device(void)
{
struct stat st;
if (-1 == stat(dev_name, &amp;st)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot identify '%s': %d, %s\n",
dev_name, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no device\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
fd = open(dev_name, O_RDWR /* required */ | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
if (-1 == fd) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open '%s': %d, %s\n",
dev_name, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
static void usage(FILE *fp, int argc, char **argv)
{
fprintf(fp,
"Usage: %s [options]\n\n"
"Version 1.3\n"
"Options:\n"
"-d | --device name Video device name [%s]\n"
"-h | --help Print this message\n"
"-m | --mmap Use memory mapped buffers [default]\n"
"-r | --read Use read() calls\n"
"-u | --userp Use application allocated buffers\n"
"-o | --output Outputs stream to stdout\n"
"-f | --format Force format to 640x480 YUYV\n"
"-c | --count Number of frames to grab [%i]\n"
"",
argv[0], dev_name, frame_count);
}
static const char short_options[] = "d:hmruofc:";
static const struct option
long_options[] = {
{ "device", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
{ "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
{ "mmap", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
{ "read", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
{ "userp", no_argument, NULL, 'u' },
{ "output", no_argument, NULL, 'o' },
{ "format", no_argument, NULL, 'f' },
{ "count", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
dev_name = "/dev/video0";
for (;;) {
int idx;
int c;
c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
short_options, long_options, &amp;idx);
if (-1 == c)
break;
switch (c) {
case 0: /* getopt_long() flag */
break;
case 'd':
dev_name = optarg;
break;
case 'h':
usage(stdout, argc, argv);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case 'm':
io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;
break;
case 'r':
io = IO_METHOD_READ;
break;
case 'u':
io = IO_METHOD_USERPTR;
break;
case 'o':
out_buf++;
break;
case 'f':
force_format++;
break;
case 'c':
errno = 0;
frame_count = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (errno)
errno_exit(optarg);
break;
default:
usage(stderr, argc, argv);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
open_device();
init_device();
start_capturing();
mainloop();
stop_capturing();
uninit_device();
close_device();
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return 0;
}
</programlisting>

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<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Hans</firstname>
<surname>Verkuil</surname>
<affiliation><address><email>hans.verkuil@cisco.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Initial version.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2016</year>
<holder>Hans Verkuil</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2016-03-17</date>
<authorinitials>hv</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>CEC API</title>
<chapter id="cec-api">
<title>CEC: Consumer Electronics Control</title>
<section id="cec-intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>HDMI connectors provide a single pin for use by the Consumer Electronics
Control protocol. This protocol allows different devices connected by an HDMI cable
to communicate. The protocol for CEC version 1.4 is defined in supplements 1 (CEC)
and 2 (HEAC or HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel) of the HDMI 1.4a
(<xref linkend="hdmi" />) specification and the extensions added to CEC version 2.0
are defined in chapter 11 of the HDMI 2.0 (<xref linkend="hdmi2" />) specification.
</para>
<para>The bitrate is very slow (effectively no more than 36 bytes per second) and
is based on the ancient AV.link protocol used in old SCART connectors. The protocol
closely resembles a crazy Rube Goldberg contraption and is an unholy mix of low and
high level messages. Some messages, especially those part of the HEAC protocol layered
on top of CEC, need to be handled by the kernel, others can be handled either by the
kernel or by userspace.</para>
<para>In addition, CEC can be implemented in HDMI receivers, transmitters and in USB
devices that have an HDMI input and an HDMI output and that control just the CEC pin.</para>
<para>Drivers that support CEC will create a CEC device node (/dev/cecX)
to give userspace access to the CEC adapter. The &CEC-ADAP-G-CAPS; ioctl will tell userspace
what it is allowed to do.</para>
</section>
</chapter>
<appendix id="cec-user-func">
<title>Function Reference</title>
<!-- Keep this alphabetically sorted. -->
&sub-cec-func-open;
&sub-cec-func-close;
&sub-cec-func-ioctl;
&sub-cec-func-poll;
<!-- All ioctls go here. -->
&sub-cec-ioc-adap-g-caps;
&sub-cec-ioc-adap-g-log-addrs;
&sub-cec-ioc-adap-g-phys-addr;
&sub-cec-ioc-dqevent;
&sub-cec-ioc-g-mode;
&sub-cec-ioc-receive;
</appendix>

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<refentry id="cec-func-close">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>cec close()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>cec-close</refname>
<refpurpose>Close a cec device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>close</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>Closes the cec device. Resources associated with the file descriptor
are freed. The device configuration remain unchanged.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para><function>close</function> returns 0 on success. On error, -1 is
returned, and <varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately. Possible error
codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid open file descriptor.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="cec-func-ioctl">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>cec ioctl()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>cec-ioctl</refname>
<refpurpose>Control a cec device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>CEC ioctl request code as defined in the cec.h header file,
for example CEC_ADAP_G_CAPS.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Pointer to a request-specific structure.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>The <function>ioctl()</function> function manipulates cec device
parameters. The argument <parameter>fd</parameter> must be an open file
descriptor.</para>
<para>The ioctl <parameter>request</parameter> code specifies the cec
function to be called. It has encoded in it whether the argument is an
input, output or read/write parameter, and the size of the argument
<parameter>argp</parameter> in bytes.</para>
<para>Macros and structures definitions specifying cec ioctl requests and
their parameters are located in the cec.h header file. All cec ioctl
requests, their respective function and parameters are specified in
<xref linkend="cec-user-func" />.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
<para>Request-specific error codes are listed in the
individual requests descriptions.</para>
<para>When an ioctl that takes an output or read/write parameter fails,
the parameter remains unmodified.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="cec-func-open">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>cec open()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>cec-open</refname>
<refpurpose>Open a cec device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>open</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>device_name</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>device_name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Device to be opened.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Open flags. Access mode must be <constant>O_RDWR</constant>.
</para>
<para>When the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag is
given, the &CEC-RECEIVE; ioctl will return &EAGAIN; when no message is
available, and the &CEC-TRANSMIT;, &CEC-ADAP-S-PHYS-ADDR; and
&CEC-ADAP-S-LOG-ADDRS; ioctls all act in non-blocking mode.</para>
<para>Other flags have no effect.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>To open a cec device applications call <function>open()</function>
with the desired device name. The function has no side effects; the device
configuration remain unchanged.</para>
<para>When the device is opened in read-only mode, attempts to modify its
configuration will result in an error, and <varname>errno</varname> will be
set to <errorcode>EBADF</errorcode>.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para><function>open</function> returns the new file descriptor on success.
On error, -1 is returned, and <varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately.
Possible error codes include:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The requested access to the file is not allowed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EMFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The process already has the maximum number of files open.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The system limit on the total number of open files has been
reached.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Insufficient kernel memory was available.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENXIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>No device corresponding to this device special file exists.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="cec-func-poll">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>cec poll()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>cec-poll</refname>
<refpurpose>Wait for some event on a file descriptor</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;sys/poll.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>poll</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>struct pollfd *<parameter>ufds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int <parameter>nfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>timeout</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>With the <function>poll()</function> function applications
can wait for CEC events.</para>
<para>On success <function>poll()</function> returns the number of
file descriptors that have been selected (that is, file descriptors
for which the <structfield>revents</structfield> field of the
respective <structname>pollfd</structname> structure is non-zero).
CEC devices set the <constant>POLLIN</constant> and
<constant>POLLRDNORM</constant> flags in the
<structfield>revents</structfield> field if there are messages in the
receive queue. If the transmit queue has room for new messages, the
<constant>POLLOUT</constant> and <constant>POLLWRNORM</constant>
flags are set. If there are events in the event queue, then the
<constant>POLLPRI</constant> flag is set.
When the function timed out it returns a value of zero, on
failure it returns <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> and the
<varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately.
</para>
<para>For more details see the
<function>poll()</function> manual page.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, <function>poll()</function> returns the number
structures which have non-zero <structfield>revents</structfield>
fields, or zero if the call timed out. On error
<returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> is returned, and the
<varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>One or more of the <parameter>ufds</parameter> members
specify an invalid file descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>ufds</parameter> references an inaccessible
memory area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>nfds</parameter> argument is greater
than <constant>OPEN_MAX</constant>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="cec-ioc-adap-g-caps">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl CEC_ADAP_G_CAPS</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>CEC_ADAP_G_CAPS</refname>
<refpurpose>Query device capabilities</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct cec_caps *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='cec-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>CEC_ADAP_G_CAPS</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>All cec devices must support the <constant>CEC_ADAP_G_CAPS</constant>
ioctl. To query device information, applications call the ioctl with a
pointer to a &cec-caps;. The driver fills the structure and returns
the information to the application.
The ioctl never fails.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-caps">
<title>struct <structname>cec_caps</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry><structfield>driver[32]</structfield></entry>
<entry>The name of the cec adapter driver.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry><structfield>name[32]</structfield></entry>
<entry>The name of this CEC adapter. The combination <structfield>driver</structfield>
and <structfield>name</structfield> must be unique.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>capabilities</structfield></entry>
<entry>The capabilities of the CEC adapter, see <xref
linkend="cec-capabilities" />.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>version</structfield></entry>
<entry>CEC Framework API version, formatted with the
<constant>KERNEL_VERSION()</constant> macro.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-capabilities">
<title>CEC Capabilities Flags</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_CAP_PHYS_ADDR</constant></entry>
<entry>0x00000001</entry>
<entry>Userspace has to configure the physical address by
calling &CEC-ADAP-S-PHYS-ADDR;. If this capability isn't set,
then setting the physical address is handled by the kernel
whenever the EDID is set (for an HDMI receiver) or read (for
an HDMI transmitter).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_CAP_LOG_ADDRS</constant></entry>
<entry>0x00000002</entry>
<entry>Userspace has to configure the logical addresses by
calling &CEC-ADAP-S-LOG-ADDRS;. If this capability isn't set,
then the kernel will have configured this.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_CAP_TRANSMIT</constant></entry>
<entry>0x00000004</entry>
<entry>Userspace can transmit CEC messages by calling &CEC-TRANSMIT;. This
implies that userspace can be a follower as well, since being able to
transmit messages is a prerequisite of becoming a follower. If this
capability isn't set, then the kernel will handle all CEC transmits
and process all CEC messages it receives.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_CAP_PASSTHROUGH</constant></entry>
<entry>0x00000008</entry>
<entry>Userspace can use the passthrough mode by
calling &CEC-S-MODE;.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_CAP_RC</constant></entry>
<entry>0x00000010</entry>
<entry>This adapter supports the remote control protocol.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_CAP_MONITOR_ALL</constant></entry>
<entry>0x00000020</entry>
<entry>The CEC hardware can monitor all messages, not just directed and
broadcast messages.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="cec-ioc-adap-g-log-addrs">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl CEC_ADAP_G_LOG_ADDRS, CEC_ADAP_S_LOG_ADDRS</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>CEC_ADAP_G_LOG_ADDRS</refname>
<refname>CEC_ADAP_S_LOG_ADDRS</refname>
<refpurpose>Get or set the logical addresses</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct cec_log_addrs *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='cec-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>CEC_ADAP_G_LOG_ADDRS, CEC_ADAP_S_LOG_ADDRS</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>To query the current CEC logical addresses, applications call the
<constant>CEC_ADAP_G_LOG_ADDRS</constant> ioctl with a pointer to a
<structname>cec_log_addrs</structname> structure where the drivers stores the
logical addresses.</para>
<para>To set new logical addresses, applications fill in struct <structname>cec_log_addrs</structname>
and call the <constant>CEC_ADAP_S_LOG_ADDRS</constant> ioctl with a pointer to this struct.
The <constant>CEC_ADAP_S_LOG_ADDRS</constant> ioctl is only available if
<constant>CEC_CAP_LOG_ADDRS</constant> is set (&ENOTTY; is returned otherwise). This ioctl will block until all
requested logical addresses have been claimed. <constant>CEC_ADAP_S_LOG_ADDRS</constant>
can only be called by a file handle in initiator mode (see &CEC-S-MODE;).</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-log-addrs">
<title>struct <structname>cec_log_addrs</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>log_addr</structfield>[CEC_MAX_LOG_ADDRS]</entry>
<entry>The actual logical addresses that were claimed. This is set by the
driver. If no logical address could be claimed, then it is set to
<constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_INVALID</constant>. If this adapter is Unregistered,
then <structfield>log_addr[0]</structfield> is set to 0xf and all others to
<constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_INVALID</constant>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>log_addr_mask</structfield></entry>
<entry>The bitmask of all logical addresses this adapter has claimed.
If this adapter is Unregistered then <structfield>log_addr_mask</structfield>
sets bit 15 and clears all other bits. If this adapter is not configured at all, then
<structfield>log_addr_mask</structfield> is set to 0. Set by the driver.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>cec_version</structfield></entry>
<entry>The CEC version that this adapter shall use. See
<xref linkend="cec-versions" />.
Used to implement the <constant>CEC_MSG_CEC_VERSION</constant> and
<constant>CEC_MSG_REPORT_FEATURES</constant> messages. Note that
<constant>CEC_OP_CEC_VERSION_1_3A</constant> is not allowed
by the CEC framework.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>num_log_addrs</structfield></entry>
<entry>Number of logical addresses to set up. Must be &le;
<structfield>available_log_addrs</structfield> as returned by
&CEC-ADAP-G-CAPS;. All arrays in this structure are only filled up to
index <structfield>available_log_addrs</structfield>-1. The remaining
array elements will be ignored. Note that the CEC 2.0 standard allows
for a maximum of 2 logical addresses, although some hardware has support
for more. <constant>CEC_MAX_LOG_ADDRS</constant> is 4. The driver will
return the actual number of logical addresses it could claim, which may
be less than what was requested. If this field is set to 0, then the
CEC adapter shall clear all claimed logical addresses and all other
fields will be ignored.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>vendor_id</structfield></entry>
<entry>The vendor ID is a 24-bit number that identifies the specific
vendor or entity. Based on this ID vendor specific commands may be
defined. If you do not want a vendor ID then set it to
<constant>CEC_VENDOR_ID_NONE</constant>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry>Flags. No flags are defined yet, so set this to 0.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry><structfield>osd_name</structfield>[15]</entry>
<entry>The On-Screen Display name as is returned by the
<constant>CEC_MSG_SET_OSD_NAME</constant> message.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>primary_device_type</structfield>[CEC_MAX_LOG_ADDRS]</entry>
<entry>Primary device type for each logical address. See
<xref linkend="cec-prim-dev-types" /> for possible types.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>log_addr_type</structfield>[CEC_MAX_LOG_ADDRS]</entry>
<entry>Logical address types. See <xref linkend="cec-log-addr-types" /> for
possible types. The driver will update this with the actual logical address
type that it claimed (e.g. it may have to fallback to
<constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_TYPE_UNREGISTERED</constant>).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>all_device_types</structfield>[CEC_MAX_LOG_ADDRS]</entry>
<entry>CEC 2.0 specific: all device types. See <xref linkend="cec-all-dev-types-flags" />.
Used to implement the <constant>CEC_MSG_REPORT_FEATURES</constant> message.
This field is ignored if <structfield>cec_version</structfield> &lt;
<constant>CEC_OP_CEC_VERSION_2_0</constant>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>features</structfield>[CEC_MAX_LOG_ADDRS][12]</entry>
<entry>Features for each logical address. Used to implement the
<constant>CEC_MSG_REPORT_FEATURES</constant> message. The 12 bytes include
both the RC Profile and the Device Features.
This field is ignored if <structfield>cec_version</structfield> &lt;
<constant>CEC_OP_CEC_VERSION_2_0</constant>.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-versions">
<title>CEC Versions</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_CEC_VERSION_1_3A</constant></entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>CEC version according to the HDMI 1.3a standard.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_CEC_VERSION_1_4B</constant></entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>CEC version according to the HDMI 1.4b standard.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_CEC_VERSION_2_0</constant></entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>CEC version according to the HDMI 2.0 standard.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-prim-dev-types">
<title>CEC Primary Device Types</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_PRIM_DEVTYPE_TV</constant></entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Use for a TV.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_PRIM_DEVTYPE_RECORD</constant></entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Use for a recording device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_PRIM_DEVTYPE_TUNER</constant></entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Use for a device with a tuner.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_PRIM_DEVTYPE_PLAYBACK</constant></entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>Use for a playback device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_PRIM_DEVTYPE_AUDIOSYSTEM</constant></entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>Use for an audio system (e.g. an audio/video receiver).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_PRIM_DEVTYPE_SWITCH</constant></entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>Use for a CEC switch.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_PRIM_DEVTYPE_VIDEOPROC</constant></entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>Use for a video processor device.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-log-addr-types">
<title>CEC Logical Address Types</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_TYPE_TV</constant></entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Use for a TV.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_TYPE_RECORD</constant></entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Use for a recording device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_TYPE_TUNER</constant></entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Use for a tuner device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_TYPE_PLAYBACK</constant></entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Use for a playback device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_TYPE_AUDIOSYSTEM</constant></entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>Use for an audio system device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_TYPE_SPECIFIC</constant></entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>Use for a second TV or for a video processor device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_LOG_ADDR_TYPE_UNREGISTERED</constant></entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>Use this if you just want to remain unregistered.
Used for pure CEC switches or CDC-only devices (CDC:
Capability Discovery and Control).</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-all-dev-types-flags">
<title>CEC All Device Types Flags</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_ALL_DEVTYPE_TV</constant></entry>
<entry>0x80</entry>
<entry>This supports the TV type.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_ALL_DEVTYPE_RECORD</constant></entry>
<entry>0x40</entry>
<entry>This supports the Recording type.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_ALL_DEVTYPE_TUNER</constant></entry>
<entry>0x20</entry>
<entry>This supports the Tuner type.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_ALL_DEVTYPE_PLAYBACK</constant></entry>
<entry>0x10</entry>
<entry>This supports the Playback type.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_ALL_DEVTYPE_AUDIOSYSTEM</constant></entry>
<entry>0x08</entry>
<entry>This supports the Audio System type.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_OP_ALL_DEVTYPE_SWITCH</constant></entry>
<entry>0x04</entry>
<entry>This supports the CEC Switch or Video Processing type.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="cec-ioc-adap-g-phys-addr">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl CEC_ADAP_G_PHYS_ADDR, CEC_ADAP_S_PHYS_ADDR</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>CEC_ADAP_G_PHYS_ADDR</refname>
<refname>CEC_ADAP_S_PHYS_ADDR</refname>
<refpurpose>Get or set the physical address</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>__u16 *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='cec-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>CEC_ADAP_G_PHYS_ADDR, CEC_ADAP_S_PHYS_ADDR</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>To query the current physical address applications call the
<constant>CEC_ADAP_G_PHYS_ADDR</constant> ioctl with a pointer to an __u16
where the driver stores the physical address.</para>
<para>To set a new physical address applications store the physical address in
an __u16 and call the <constant>CEC_ADAP_S_PHYS_ADDR</constant> ioctl with a
pointer to this integer. <constant>CEC_ADAP_S_PHYS_ADDR</constant> is only
available if <constant>CEC_CAP_PHYS_ADDR</constant> is set (&ENOTTY; will be returned
otherwise). <constant>CEC_ADAP_S_PHYS_ADDR</constant>
can only be called by a file handle in initiator mode (see &CEC-S-MODE;), if not
&EBUSY; will be returned.</para>
<para>The physical address is a 16-bit number where each group of 4 bits
represent a digit of the physical address a.b.c.d where the most significant
4 bits represent 'a'. The CEC root device (usually the TV) has address 0.0.0.0.
Every device that is hooked up to an input of the TV has address a.0.0.0 (where
'a' is &ge; 1), devices hooked up to those in turn have addresses a.b.0.0, etc.
So a topology of up to 5 devices deep is supported. The physical address a
device shall use is stored in the EDID of the sink.</para>
<para>For example, the EDID for each HDMI input of the TV will have a different
physical address of the form a.0.0.0 that the sources will read out and use as
their physical address.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
<refentry id="cec-ioc-g-event">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl CEC_DQEVENT</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>CEC_DQEVENT</refname>
<refpurpose>Dequeue a CEC event</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct cec_event *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='cec-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>CEC_DQEVENT</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>CEC devices can send asynchronous events. These can be retrieved by calling
the <constant>CEC_DQEVENT</constant> ioctl. If the file descriptor is in non-blocking
mode and no event is pending, then it will return -1 and set errno to the &EAGAIN;.</para>
<para>The internal event queues are per-filehandle and per-event type. If there is
no more room in a queue then the last event is overwritten with the new one. This
means that intermediate results can be thrown away but that the latest event is always
available. This also means that is it possible to read two successive events that have
the same value (e.g. two CEC_EVENT_STATE_CHANGE events with the same state). In that
case the intermediate state changes were lost but it is guaranteed that the state
did change in between the two events.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-event-state-change">
<title>struct <structname>cec_event_state_change</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>phys_addr</structfield></entry>
<entry>The current physical address.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>log_addr_mask</structfield></entry>
<entry>The current set of claimed logical addresses.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-event-lost-msgs">
<title>struct <structname>cec_event_lost_msgs</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>lost_msgs</structfield></entry>
<entry>Set to the number of lost messages since the filehandle
was opened or since the last time this event was dequeued for
this filehandle. The messages lost are the oldest messages. So
when a new message arrives and there is no more room, then the
oldest message is discarded to make room for the new one. The
internal size of the message queue guarantees that all messages
received in the last two seconds will be stored. Since messages
should be replied to within a second according to the CEC
specification, this is more than enough.
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-event">
<title>struct <structname>cec_event</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="4">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u64</entry>
<entry><structfield>ts</structfield></entry>
<entry>Timestamp of the event in ns.</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>event</structfield></entry>
<entry>The CEC event type, see <xref linkend="cec-events" />.</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry>Event flags, see <xref linkend="cec-event-flags" />.</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>union</entry>
<entry>(anonymous)</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct cec_event_state_change</entry>
<entry><structfield>state_change</structfield></entry>
<entry>The new adapter state as sent by the <constant>CEC_EVENT_STATE_CHANGE</constant>
event.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct cec_event_lost_msgs</entry>
<entry><structfield>lost_msgs</structfield></entry>
<entry>The number of lost messages as sent by the <constant>CEC_EVENT_LOST_MSGS</constant>
event.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-events">
<title>CEC Events Types</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_EVENT_STATE_CHANGE</constant></entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Generated when the CEC Adapter's state changes. When open() is
called an initial event will be generated for that filehandle with the
CEC Adapter's state at that time.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_EVENT_LOST_MSGS</constant></entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Generated if one or more CEC messages were lost because the
application didn't dequeue CEC messages fast enough.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-event-flags">
<title>CEC Event Flags</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_EVENT_FL_INITIAL_VALUE</constant></entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Set for the initial events that are generated when the device is
opened. See the table above for which events do this. This allows
applications to learn the initial state of the CEC adapter at open()
time.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="cec-ioc-g-mode">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl CEC_G_MODE, CEC_S_MODE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>CEC_G_MODE</refname>
<refname>CEC_S_MODE</refname>
<refpurpose>Get or set exclusive use of the CEC adapter</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>__u32 *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='cec-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>CEC_G_MODE, CEC_S_MODE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>By default any filehandle can use &CEC-TRANSMIT; and &CEC-RECEIVE;, but
in order to prevent applications from stepping on each others toes it must be possible
to obtain exclusive access to the CEC adapter. This ioctl sets the filehandle
to initiator and/or follower mode which can be exclusive depending on the chosen
mode. The initiator is the filehandle that is used
to initiate messages, i.e. it commands other CEC devices. The follower is the filehandle
that receives messages sent to the CEC adapter and processes them. The same filehandle
can be both initiator and follower, or this role can be taken by two different
filehandles.</para>
<para>When a CEC message is received, then the CEC framework will decide how
it will be processed. If the message is a reply to an earlier transmitted message,
then the reply is sent back to the filehandle that is waiting for it. In addition
the CEC framework will process it.</para>
<para>If the message is not a reply, then the CEC framework will process it
first. If there is no follower, then the message is just discarded and a feature
abort is sent back to the initiator if the framework couldn't process it. If there
is a follower, then the message is passed on to the follower who will use
&CEC-RECEIVE; to dequeue the new message. The framework expects the follower to
make the right decisions.</para>
<para>The CEC framework will process core messages unless requested otherwise
by the follower. The follower can enable the passthrough mode. In that case, the
CEC framework will pass on most core messages without processing them and
the follower will have to implement those messages. There are some messages
that the core will always process, regardless of the passthrough mode. See
<xref linkend="cec-core-processing" /> for details.</para>
<para>If there is no initiator, then any CEC filehandle can use &CEC-TRANSMIT;.
If there is an exclusive initiator then only that initiator can call &CEC-TRANSMIT;.
The follower can of course always call &CEC-TRANSMIT;.</para>
<para>Available initiator modes are:</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-mode-initiator">
<title>Initiator Modes</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_NO_INITIATOR</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0</entry>
<entry>This is not an initiator, i.e. it cannot transmit CEC messages
or make any other changes to the CEC adapter.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_INITIATOR</constant></entry>
<entry>0x1</entry>
<entry>This is an initiator (the default when the device is opened) and it
can transmit CEC messages and make changes to the CEC adapter, unless there
is an exclusive initiator.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_EXCL_INITIATOR</constant></entry>
<entry>0x2</entry>
<entry>This is an exclusive initiator and this file descriptor is the only one
that can transmit CEC messages and make changes to the CEC adapter. If someone
else is already the exclusive initiator then an attempt to become one will return
the &EBUSY; error.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Available follower modes are:</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-mode-follower">
<title>Follower Modes</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_NO_FOLLOWER</constant></entry>
<entry>0x00</entry>
<entry>This is not a follower (the default when the device is opened).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_FOLLOWER</constant></entry>
<entry>0x10</entry>
<entry>This is a follower and it will receive CEC messages unless there is
an exclusive follower. You cannot become a follower if <constant>CEC_CAP_TRANSMIT</constant>
is not set or if <constant>CEC_MODE_NO_INITIATOR</constant> was specified,
&EINVAL; is returned in that case.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_EXCL_FOLLOWER</constant></entry>
<entry>0x20</entry>
<entry>This is an exclusive follower and only this file descriptor will receive
CEC messages for processing. If someone else is already the exclusive follower
then an attempt to become one will return the &EBUSY; error. You cannot become
a follower if <constant>CEC_CAP_TRANSMIT</constant> is not set or if
<constant>CEC_MODE_NO_INITIATOR</constant> was specified, &EINVAL; is returned
in that case.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_EXCL_FOLLOWER_PASSTHRU</constant></entry>
<entry>0x30</entry>
<entry>This is an exclusive follower and only this file descriptor will receive
CEC messages for processing. In addition it will put the CEC device into
passthrough mode, allowing the exclusive follower to handle most core messages
instead of relying on the CEC framework for that. If someone else is already the
exclusive follower then an attempt to become one will return the &EBUSY; error.
You cannot become a follower if <constant>CEC_CAP_TRANSMIT</constant>
is not set or if <constant>CEC_MODE_NO_INITIATOR</constant> was specified,
&EINVAL; is returned in that case.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_MONITOR</constant></entry>
<entry>0xe0</entry>
<entry>Put the file descriptor into monitor mode. Can only be used in combination
with <constant>CEC_MODE_NO_INITIATOR</constant>, otherwise &EINVAL; will be
returned. In monitor mode all messages this CEC device transmits and all messages
it receives (both broadcast messages and directed messages for one its logical
addresses) will be reported. This is very useful for debugging. This is only
allowed if the process has the <constant>CAP_NET_ADMIN</constant>
capability. If that is not set, then &EPERM; is returned.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MODE_MONITOR_ALL</constant></entry>
<entry>0xf0</entry>
<entry>Put the file descriptor into 'monitor all' mode. Can only be used in combination
with <constant>CEC_MODE_NO_INITIATOR</constant>, otherwise &EINVAL; will be
returned. In 'monitor all' mode all messages this CEC device transmits and all messages
it receives, including directed messages for other CEC devices will be reported. This
is very useful for debugging, but not all devices support this. This mode requires that
the <constant>CEC_CAP_MONITOR_ALL</constant> capability is set, otherwise &EINVAL; is
returned. This is only allowed if the process has the <constant>CAP_NET_ADMIN</constant>
capability. If that is not set, then &EPERM; is returned.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Core message processing details:</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-core-processing">
<title>Core Message Processing</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_GET_CEC_VERSION</constant></entry>
<entry>When in passthrough mode this message has to be handled by userspace,
otherwise the core will return the CEC version that was set with &CEC-ADAP-S-LOG-ADDRS;.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_GIVE_DEVICE_VENDOR_ID</constant></entry>
<entry>When in passthrough mode this message has to be handled by userspace,
otherwise the core will return the vendor ID that was set with &CEC-ADAP-S-LOG-ADDRS;.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_ABORT</constant></entry>
<entry>When in passthrough mode this message has to be handled by userspace,
otherwise the core will return a feature refused message as per the specification.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_GIVE_PHYSICAL_ADDR</constant></entry>
<entry>When in passthrough mode this message has to be handled by userspace,
otherwise the core will report the current physical address.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_GIVE_OSD_NAME</constant></entry>
<entry>When in passthrough mode this message has to be handled by userspace,
otherwise the core will report the current OSD name as was set with
&CEC-ADAP-S-LOG-ADDRS;.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_GIVE_FEATURES</constant></entry>
<entry>When in passthrough mode this message has to be handled by userspace,
otherwise the core will report the current features as was set with
&CEC-ADAP-S-LOG-ADDRS; or the message is ignore if the CEC version was
older than 2.0.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_USER_CONTROL_PRESSED</constant></entry>
<entry>If <constant>CEC_CAP_RC</constant> is set, then generate a remote control
key press. This message is always passed on to userspace.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_USER_CONTROL_RELEASED</constant></entry>
<entry>If <constant>CEC_CAP_RC</constant> is set, then generate a remote control
key release. This message is always passed on to userspace.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_MSG_REPORT_PHYSICAL_ADDR</constant></entry>
<entry>The CEC framework will make note of the reported physical address
and then just pass the message on to userspace.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="cec-ioc-receive">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl CEC_RECEIVE, CEC_TRANSMIT</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>CEC_RECEIVE</refname>
<refname>CEC_TRANSMIT</refname>
<refpurpose>Receive or transmit a CEC message</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct cec_msg *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='cec-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>CEC_RECEIVE, CEC_TRANSMIT</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
Note: this documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized and
is currently only available as a staging kernel module.
</para>
<para>To receive a CEC message the application has to fill in the
<structname>cec_msg</structname> structure and pass it to the
<constant>CEC_RECEIVE</constant> ioctl. <constant>CEC_RECEIVE</constant> is
only available if <constant>CEC_CAP_RECEIVE</constant> is set. If the
file descriptor is in non-blocking mode and there are no received
messages pending, then it will return -1 and set errno to the &EAGAIN;.
If the file descriptor is in blocking mode and <structfield>timeout</structfield>
is non-zero and no message arrived within <structfield>timeout</structfield>
milliseconds, then it will return -1 and set errno to the &ETIMEDOUT;.</para>
<para>To send a CEC message the application has to fill in the
<structname>cec_msg</structname> structure and pass it to the
<constant>CEC_TRANSMIT</constant> ioctl. <constant>CEC_TRANSMIT</constant> is
only available if <constant>CEC_CAP_TRANSMIT</constant> is set.
If there is no more room in the transmit queue, then it will return
-1 and set errno to the &EBUSY;.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-msg">
<title>struct <structname>cec_msg</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u64</entry>
<entry><structfield>ts</structfield></entry>
<entry>Timestamp of when the message was transmitted in ns in the case
of <constant>CEC_TRANSMIT</constant> with <structfield>reply</structfield>
set to 0, or the timestamp of the received message in all other cases.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>len</structfield></entry>
<entry>The length of the message. For <constant>CEC_TRANSMIT</constant> this
is filled in by the application. The driver will fill this in for
<constant>CEC_RECEIVE</constant> and for <constant>CEC_TRANSMIT</constant>
it will be filled in with the length of the reply message if
<structfield>reply</structfield> was set.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>timeout</structfield></entry>
<entry>The timeout in milliseconds. This is the time the device will wait for a message to
be received before timing out. If it is set to 0, then it will wait indefinitely when it
is called by <constant>CEC_RECEIVE</constant>. If it is 0 and it is called by
<constant>CEC_TRANSMIT</constant>, then it will be replaced by 1000 if the
<structfield>reply</structfield> is non-zero or ignored if <structfield>reply</structfield>
is 0.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>sequence</structfield></entry>
<entry>The sequence number is automatically assigned by the CEC
framework for all transmitted messages. It can be later used by the
framework to generate an event if a reply for a message was
requested and the message was transmitted in a non-blocking mode.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry>Flags. No flags are defined yet, so set this to 0.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>rx_status</structfield></entry>
<entry>The status bits of the received message. See <xref linkend="cec-rx-status" />
for the possible status values. It is 0 if this message was transmitted, not
received, unless this is the reply to a transmitted message. In that case both
<structfield>rx_status</structfield> and <structfield>tx_status</structfield>
are set.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>tx_status</structfield></entry>
<entry>The status bits of the transmitted message. See <xref linkend="cec-tx-status" />
for the possible status values. It is 0 if this messages was received, not
transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>msg</structfield>[16]</entry>
<entry>The message payload. For <constant>CEC_TRANSMIT</constant> this
is filled in by the application. The driver will fill this in for
<constant>CEC_RECEIVE</constant> and for <constant>CEC_TRANSMIT</constant>
it will be filled in with the payload of the reply message if
<structfield>reply</structfield> was set.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>reply</structfield></entry>
<entry>Wait until this message is replied. If <structfield>reply</structfield>
is 0 and the <structfield>timeout</structfield> is 0, then don't wait for a reply but
return after transmitting the message. If there was an error as indicated by a non-zero
<structfield>tx_status</structfield> field, then <structfield>reply</structfield> and
<structfield>timeout</structfield> are both set to 0 by the driver. Ignored by
<constant>CEC_RECEIVE</constant>. The case where <structfield>reply</structfield> is 0
(this is the opcode for the Feature Abort message) and <structfield>timeout</structfield>
is non-zero is specifically allowed to send a message and wait up to <structfield>timeout</structfield>
milliseconds for a Feature Abort reply. In this case <structfield>rx_status</structfield>
will either be set to <constant>CEC_RX_STATUS_TIMEOUT</constant> or
<constant>CEC_RX_STATUS_FEATURE_ABORT</constant>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>tx_arb_lost_cnt</structfield></entry>
<entry>A counter of the number of transmit attempts that resulted in the
Arbitration Lost error. This is only set if the hardware supports this, otherwise
it is always 0. This counter is only valid if the <constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_ARB_LOST</constant>
status bit is set.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>tx_nack_cnt</structfield></entry>
<entry>A counter of the number of transmit attempts that resulted in the
Not Acknowledged error. This is only set if the hardware supports this, otherwise
it is always 0. This counter is only valid if the <constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_NACK</constant>
status bit is set.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>tx_low_drive_cnt</structfield></entry>
<entry>A counter of the number of transmit attempts that resulted in the
Arbitration Lost error. This is only set if the hardware supports this, otherwise
it is always 0. This counter is only valid if the <constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_LOW_DRIVE</constant>
status bit is set.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>tx_error_cnt</structfield></entry>
<entry>A counter of the number of transmit errors other than Arbitration Lost
or Not Acknowledged. This is only set if the hardware supports this, otherwise
it is always 0. This counter is only valid if the <constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_ERROR</constant>
status bit is set.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-tx-status">
<title>CEC Transmit Status</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_OK</constant></entry>
<entry>0x01</entry>
<entry>The message was transmitted successfully. This is mutually exclusive with
<constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_MAX_RETRIES</constant>. Other bits can still be set if
earlier attempts met with failure before the transmit was eventually successful.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_ARB_LOST</constant></entry>
<entry>0x02</entry>
<entry>CEC line arbitration was lost.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_NACK</constant></entry>
<entry>0x04</entry>
<entry>Message was not acknowledged.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_LOW_DRIVE</constant></entry>
<entry>0x08</entry>
<entry>Low drive was detected on the CEC bus. This indicates that a follower
detected an error on the bus and requests a retransmission.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_ERROR</constant></entry>
<entry>0x10</entry>
<entry>Some error occurred. This is used for any errors that do not
fit the previous two, either because the hardware could not tell
which error occurred, or because the hardware tested for other conditions
besides those two.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_MAX_RETRIES</constant></entry>
<entry>0x20</entry>
<entry>The transmit failed after one or more retries. This status bit is mutually
exclusive with <constant>CEC_TX_STATUS_OK</constant>. Other bits can still be set
to explain which failures were seen.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="cec-rx-status">
<title>CEC Receive Status</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_RX_STATUS_OK</constant></entry>
<entry>0x01</entry>
<entry>The message was received successfully.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_RX_STATUS_TIMEOUT</constant></entry>
<entry>0x02</entry>
<entry>The reply to an earlier transmitted message timed out.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>CEC_RX_STATUS_FEATURE_ABORT</constant></entry>
<entry>0x04</entry>
<entry>The message was received successfully but the reply was
<constant>CEC_MSG_FEATURE_ABORT</constant>. This status is only
set if this message was the reply to an earlier transmitted
message.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<title>Video Capture Interface</title>
<para>Video capture devices sample an analog video signal and store
the digitized images in memory. Today nearly all devices can capture
at full 25 or 30 frames/second. With this interface applications can
control the capture process and move images from the driver into user
space.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 video capture devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/video</filename>
and <filename>/dev/video0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/video63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 0 to 63. <filename>/dev/video</filename> is typically a
symbolic link to the preferred video device. Note the same device
files are used for video output devices.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video capture interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. As secondary device functions
they may also support the <link linkend="overlay">video overlay</link>
(<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant>) and the <link
linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI capture</link>
(<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE</constant>) interface. At least one of
the read/write or streaming I/O methods must be supported. Tuners and
audio inputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video capture devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio input</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">tuner</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video input</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video capture devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Image Format Negotiation</title>
<para>The result of a capture operation is determined by
cropping and image format parameters. The former select an area of the
video picture to capture, the latter how images are stored in memory,
&ie; in RGB or YUV format, the number of bits per pixel or width and
height. Together they also define how images are scaled in the
process.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis> reset
at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device
and then reading from it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2
applications ensure they really get what they want, including cropping
and scaling.</para>
<para>Cropping initialization at minimum requires to reset the
parameters to defaults. An example is given in <xref
linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>To query the current image format applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-pix-format; <structfield>pix</structfield> or the
&v4l2-pix-format-mplane; <structfield>pix_mp</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-pix-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers may
adjust the parameters and finally return the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.</para>
<para>Like <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> the
&VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be used to learn about hardware limitations
without disabling I/O or possibly time consuming hardware
preparations.</para>
<para>The contents of &v4l2-pix-format; and &v4l2-pix-format-mplane;
are discussed in <xref linkend="pixfmt" />. See also the specification of the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>
and <constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> ioctls for details. Video
capture devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading Images</title>
<para>A video capture device may support the <link
linkend="rw">read() function</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. See <xref
linkend="io" /> for details.</para>
</section>

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<title>Codec Interface</title>
<para>A V4L2 codec can compress, decompress, transform, or otherwise
convert video data from one format into another format, in memory. Typically
such devices are memory-to-memory devices (i.e. devices with the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M</constant> or <constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M_MPLANE</constant>
capability set).
</para>
<para>A memory-to-memory video node acts just like a normal video node, but it
supports both output (sending frames from memory to the codec hardware) and
capture (receiving the processed frames from the codec hardware into memory)
stream I/O. An application will have to setup the stream
I/O for both sides and finally call &VIDIOC-STREAMON; for both capture and output
to start the codec.</para>
<para>Video compression codecs use the MPEG controls to setup their codec parameters
(note that the MPEG controls actually support many more codecs than just MPEG).
See <xref linkend="mpeg-controls"></xref>.</para>
<para>Memory-to-memory devices can often be used as a shared resource: you can
open the video node multiple times, each application setting up their own codec properties
that are local to the file handle, and each can use it independently from the others.
The driver will arbitrate access to the codec and reprogram it whenever another file
handler gets access. This is different from the usual video node behavior where the video properties
are global to the device (i.e. changing something through one file handle is visible
through another file handle).</para>

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<title>Effect Devices Interface</title>
<note>
<title>Suspended</title>
<para>This interface has been be suspended from the V4L2 API
implemented in Linux 2.6 until we have more experience with effect
device interfaces.</para>
</note>
<para>A V4L2 video effect device can do image effects, filtering, or
combine two or more images or image streams. For example video
transitions or wipes. Applications send data to be processed and
receive the result data either with &func-read; and &func-write;
functions, or through the streaming I/O mechanism.</para>
<para>[to do]</para>

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<title>Event Interface</title>
<para>The V4L2 event interface provides a means for a user to get
immediately notified on certain conditions taking place on a device.
This might include start of frame or loss of signal events, for
example. Changes in the value or state of a V4L2 control can also be
reported through events.
</para>
<para>To receive events, the events the user is interested in first must
be subscribed using the &VIDIOC-SUBSCRIBE-EVENT; ioctl. Once an event is
subscribed, the events of subscribed types are dequeueable using the
&VIDIOC-DQEVENT; ioctl. Events may be unsubscribed using
VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT ioctl. The special event type V4L2_EVENT_ALL may
be used to unsubscribe all the events the driver supports.</para>
<para>The event subscriptions and event queues are specific to file
handles. Subscribing an event on one file handle does not affect
other file handles.</para>
<para>The information on dequeueable events is obtained by using select or
poll system calls on video devices. The V4L2 events use POLLPRI events on
poll system call and exceptions on select system call.</para>
<para>Starting with kernel 3.1 certain guarantees can be given with
regards to events:<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Each subscribed event has its own internal dedicated event queue.
This means that flooding of one event type will not interfere with other
event types.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the internal event queue for a particular subscribed event
becomes full, then the oldest event in that queue will be dropped.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Where applicable, certain event types can ensure that the payload
of the oldest event that is about to be dropped will be merged with the payload
of the next oldest event. Thus ensuring that no information is lost, but only an
intermediate step leading up to that information. See the documentation for the
event you want to subscribe to whether this is applicable for that event or not.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>

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<title>Video Output Overlay Interface</title>
<subtitle>Also known as On-Screen Display (OSD)</subtitle>
<para>Some video output devices can overlay a framebuffer image onto
the outgoing video signal. Applications can set up such an overlay
using this interface, which borrows structures and ioctls of the <link
linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> interface.</para>
<para>The OSD function is accessible through the same character
special file as the <link linkend="capture">Video Output</link> function.
Note the default function of such a <filename>/dev/video</filename> device
is video capturing or output. The OSD function is only available after
calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the <wordasword>Video Output
Overlay</wordasword> interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Framebuffer</title>
<para>Contrary to the <wordasword>Video Overlay</wordasword>
interface the framebuffer is normally implemented on the TV card and
not the graphics card. On Linux it is accessible as a framebuffer
device (<filename>/dev/fbN</filename>). Given a V4L2 device,
applications can find the corresponding framebuffer device by calling
the &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; ioctl. It returns, amongst other information, the
physical address of the framebuffer in the
<structfield>base</structfield> field of &v4l2-framebuffer;. The
framebuffer device ioctl <constant>FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO</constant>
returns the same address in the <structfield>smem_start</structfield>
field of struct <structname>fb_fix_screeninfo</structname>. The
<constant>FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO</constant> ioctl and struct
<structname>fb_fix_screeninfo</structname> are defined in the
<filename>linux/fb.h</filename> header file.</para>
<para>The width and height of the framebuffer depends on the
current video standard. A V4L2 driver may reject attempts to change
the video standard (or any other ioctl which would imply a framebuffer
size change) with an &EBUSY; until all applications closed the
framebuffer device.</para>
<example>
<title>Finding a framebuffer device for OSD</title>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;linux/fb.h&gt;
&v4l2-framebuffer; fbuf;
unsigned int i;
int fb_fd;
if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_FBUF, &amp;fbuf)) {
perror("VIDIOC_G_FBUF");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (i = 0; i &lt; 30; i++) {
char dev_name[16];
struct fb_fix_screeninfo si;
snprintf(dev_name, sizeof(dev_name), "/dev/fb%u", i);
fb_fd = open(dev_name, O_RDWR);
if (-1 == fb_fd) {
switch (errno) {
case ENOENT: /* no such file */
case ENXIO: /* no driver */
continue;
default:
perror("open");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
if (0 == ioctl(fb_fd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &amp;si)) {
if (si.smem_start == (unsigned long)fbuf.base)
break;
} else {
/* Apparently not a framebuffer device. */
}
close(fb_fd);
fb_fd = -1;
}
/* fb_fd is the file descriptor of the framebuffer device
for the video output overlay, or -1 if no device was found. */
</programlisting>
</example>
</section>
<section>
<title>Overlay Window and Scaling</title>
<para>The overlay is controlled by source and target rectangles.
The source rectangle selects a subsection of the framebuffer image to
be overlaid, the target rectangle an area in the outgoing video signal
where the image will appear. Drivers may or may not support scaling,
and arbitrary sizes and positions of these rectangles. Further drivers
may support any (or none) of the clipping/blending methods defined for
the <link linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> interface.</para>
<para>A &v4l2-window; defines the size of the source rectangle,
its position in the framebuffer and the clipping/blending method to be
used for the overlay. To get the current parameters applications set
the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl. The driver fills the
<structname>v4l2_window</structname> substructure named
<structfield>win</structfield>. It is not possible to retrieve a
previously programmed clipping list or bitmap.</para>
<para>To program the source rectangle applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant>, initialize
the <structfield>win</structfield> substructure and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. The driver adjusts the parameters against
hardware limits and returns the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does. Like
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>, the &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be
used to learn about driver capabilities without actually changing
driver state. Unlike <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> this also works
after the overlay has been enabled.</para>
<para>A &v4l2-crop; defines the size and position of the target
rectangle. The scaling factor of the overlay is implied by the width
and height given in &v4l2-window; and &v4l2-crop;. The cropping API
applies to <wordasword>Video Output</wordasword> and <wordasword>Video
Output Overlay</wordasword> devices in the same way as to
<wordasword>Video Capture</wordasword> and <wordasword>Video
Overlay</wordasword> devices, merely reversing the direction of the
data flow. For more information see <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Enabling Overlay</title>
<para>There is no V4L2 ioctl to enable or disable the overlay,
however the framebuffer interface of the driver may support the
<constant>FBIOBLANK</constant> ioctl.</para>
</section>

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<title>Video Output Interface</title>
<para>Video output devices encode stills or image sequences as
analog video signal. With this interface applications can
control the encoding process and move images from user space to
the driver.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 video output devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/video</filename>
and <filename>/dev/video0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/video63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 0 to 63. <filename>/dev/video</filename> is typically a
symbolic link to the preferred video device. Note the same device
files are used for video capture devices.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video output interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. As secondary device functions
they may also support the <link linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI
output</link> (<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>) interface. At
least one of the read/write or streaming I/O methods must be
supported. Modulators and audio outputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video output devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio output</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">modulator</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video output</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video output devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Image Format Negotiation</title>
<para>The output is determined by cropping and image format
parameters. The former select an area of the video picture where the
image will appear, the latter how images are stored in memory, &ie; in
RGB or YUV format, the number of bits per pixel or width and height.
Together they also define how images are scaled in the process.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis> reset
at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device
and then writing to it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2
applications ensure they really get what they want, including cropping
and scaling.</para>
<para>Cropping initialization at minimum requires to reset the
parameters to defaults. An example is given in <xref
linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>To query the current image format applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-pix-format; <structfield>pix</structfield> or the
&v4l2-pix-format-mplane; <structfield>pix_mp</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-pix-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers may
adjust the parameters and finally return the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.</para>
<para>Like <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> the
&VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be used to learn about hardware limitations
without disabling I/O or possibly time consuming hardware
preparations.</para>
<para>The contents of &v4l2-pix-format; and &v4l2-pix-format-mplane;
are discussed in <xref linkend="pixfmt" />. See also the specification of the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>
and <constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> ioctls for details. Video
output devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Writing Images</title>
<para>A video output device may support the <link
linkend="rw">write() function</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. See <xref
linkend="io" /> for details.</para>
</section>

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<title>Video Overlay Interface</title>
<subtitle>Also known as Framebuffer Overlay or Previewing</subtitle>
<para>Video overlay devices have the ability to genlock (TV-)video
into the (VGA-)video signal of a graphics card, or to store captured
images directly in video memory of a graphics card, typically with
clipping. This can be considerable more efficient than capturing
images and displaying them by other means. In the old days when only
nuclear power plants needed cooling towers this used to be the only
way to put live video into a window.</para>
<para>Video overlay devices are accessed through the same character
special files as <link linkend="capture">video capture</link> devices.
Note the default function of a <filename>/dev/video</filename> device
is video capturing. The overlay function is only available after
calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl.</para>
<para>The driver may support simultaneous overlay and capturing
using the read/write and streaming I/O methods. If so, operation at
the nominal frame rate of the video standard is not guaranteed. Frames
may be directed away from overlay to capture, or one field may be used
for overlay and the other for capture if the capture parameters permit
this.</para>
<para>Applications should use different file descriptors for
capturing and overlay. This must be supported by all drivers capable
of simultaneous capturing and overlay. Optionally these drivers may
also permit capturing and overlay with a single file descriptor for
compatibility with V4L and earlier versions of V4L2.<footnote>
<para>A common application of two file descriptors is the
XFree86 <link linkend="xvideo">Xv/V4L</link> interface driver and
a V4L2 application. While the X server controls video overlay, the
application can take advantage of memory mapping and DMA.</para>
<para>In the opinion of the designers of this API, no driver
writer taking the efforts to support simultaneous capturing and
overlay will restrict this ability by requiring a single file
descriptor, as in V4L and earlier versions of V4L2. Making this
optional means applications depending on two file descriptors need
backup routines to be compatible with all drivers, which is
considerable more work than using two fds in applications which do
not. Also two fd's fit the general concept of one file descriptor for
each logical stream. Hence as a complexity trade-off drivers
<emphasis>must</emphasis> support two file descriptors and
<emphasis>may</emphasis> support single fd operation.</para>
</footnote></para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video overlay interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. The overlay I/O method specified
below must be supported. Tuners and audio inputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video overlay devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio input</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">tuner</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video input</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video overlay devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Setup</title>
<para>Before overlay can commence applications must program the
driver with frame buffer parameters, namely the address and size of
the frame buffer and the image format, for example RGB 5:6:5. The
&VIDIOC-G-FBUF; and &VIDIOC-S-FBUF; ioctls are available to get
and set these parameters, respectively. The
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FBUF</constant> ioctl is privileged because it
allows to set up DMA into physical memory, bypassing the memory
protection mechanisms of the kernel. Only the superuser can change the
frame buffer address and size. Users are not supposed to run TV
applications as root or with SUID bit set. A small helper application
with suitable privileges should query the graphics system and program
the V4L2 driver at the appropriate time.</para>
<para>Some devices add the video overlay to the output signal
of the graphics card. In this case the frame buffer is not modified by
the video device, and the frame buffer address and pixel format are
not needed by the driver. The <constant>VIDIOC_S_FBUF</constant> ioctl
is not privileged. An application can check for this type of device by
calling the <constant>VIDIOC_G_FBUF</constant> ioctl.</para>
<para>A driver may support any (or none) of five clipping/blending
methods:<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Chroma-keying displays the overlaid image only where
pixels in the primary graphics surface assume a certain color.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A bitmap can be specified where each bit corresponds
to a pixel in the overlaid image. When the bit is set, the
corresponding video pixel is displayed, otherwise a pixel of the
graphics surface.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A list of clipping rectangles can be specified. In
these regions <emphasis>no</emphasis> video is displayed, so the
graphics surface can be seen here.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The framebuffer has an alpha channel that can be used
to clip or blend the framebuffer with the video.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A global alpha value can be specified to blend the
framebuffer contents with video images.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>
<para>When simultaneous capturing and overlay is supported and
the hardware prohibits different image and frame buffer formats, the
format requested first takes precedence. The attempt to capture
(&VIDIOC-S-FMT;) or overlay (&VIDIOC-S-FBUF;) may fail with an
&EBUSY; or return accordingly modified parameters..</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Overlay Window</title>
<para>The overlaid image is determined by cropping and overlay
window parameters. The former select an area of the video picture to
capture, the latter how images are overlaid and clipped. Cropping
initialization at minimum requires to reset the parameters to
defaults. An example is given in <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>The overlay window is described by a &v4l2-window;. It
defines the size of the image, its position over the graphics surface
and the clipping to be applied. To get the current parameters
applications set the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a
&v4l2-format; to <constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant> and
call the &VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl. The driver fills the
<structname>v4l2_window</structname> substructure named
<structfield>win</structfield>. It is not possible to retrieve a
previously programmed clipping list or bitmap.</para>
<para>To program the overlay window applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant>, initialize the
<structfield>win</structfield> substructure and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. The driver adjusts the parameters against
hardware limits and returns the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does. Like
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>, the &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be
used to learn about driver capabilities without actually changing
driver state. Unlike <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> this also works
after the overlay has been enabled.</para>
<para>The scaling factor of the overlaid image is implied by the
width and height given in &v4l2-window; and the size of the cropping
rectangle. For more information see <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>When simultaneous capturing and overlay is supported and
the hardware prohibits different image and window sizes, the size
requested first takes precedence. The attempt to capture or overlay as
well (&VIDIOC-S-FMT;) may fail with an &EBUSY; or return accordingly
modified parameters.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-window">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_window</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-rect;</entry>
<entry><structfield>w</structfield></entry>
<entry>Size and position of the window relative to the
top, left corner of the frame buffer defined with &VIDIOC-S-FBUF;. The
window can extend the frame buffer width and height, the
<structfield>x</structfield> and <structfield>y</structfield>
coordinates can be negative, and it can lie completely outside the
frame buffer. The driver clips the window accordingly, or if that is
not possible, modifies its size and/or position.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-field;</entry>
<entry><structfield>field</structfield></entry>
<entry>Applications set this field to determine which
video field shall be overlaid, typically one of
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_ANY</constant> (0),
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_TOP</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_BOTTOM</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED</constant>. Drivers may have to choose
a different field order and return the actual setting here.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>chromakey</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has been negotiated with
&VIDIOC-S-FBUF; applications set this field to the desired pixel value
for the chroma key. The format is the same as the pixel format of the
framebuffer (&v4l2-framebuffer;
<structfield>fmt.pixelformat</structfield> field), with bytes in host
order. E.&nbsp;g. for <link
linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR32"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></link>
the value should be 0xRRGGBB on a little endian, 0xBBGGRR on a big
endian host.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-clip; *</entry>
<entry><structfield>clips</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has <emphasis>not</emphasis>
been negotiated and &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; indicated this capability,
applications can set this field to point to an array of
clipping rectangles.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Like the window coordinates
<structfield>w</structfield>, clipping rectangles are defined relative
to the top, left corner of the frame buffer. However clipping
rectangles must not extend the frame buffer width and height, and they
must not overlap. If possible applications should merge adjacent
rectangles. Whether this must create x-y or y-x bands, or the order of
rectangles, is not defined. When clip lists are not supported the
driver ignores this field. Its contents after calling &VIDIOC-S-FMT;
are undefined.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>clipcount</structfield></entry>
<entry>When the application set the
<structfield>clips</structfield> field, this field must contain the
number of clipping rectangles in the list. When clip lists are not
supported the driver ignores this field, its contents after calling
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> are undefined. When clip lists are
supported but no clipping is desired this field must be set to
zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>void *</entry>
<entry><structfield>bitmap</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has
<emphasis>not</emphasis> been negotiated and &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; indicated
this capability, applications can set this field to point to a
clipping bit mask.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>It must be of the same size
as the window, <structfield>w.width</structfield> and
<structfield>w.height</structfield>. Each bit corresponds to a pixel
in the overlaid image, which is displayed only when the bit is
<emphasis>set</emphasis>. Pixel coordinates translate to bits like:
<programlisting>
((__u8 *) <structfield>bitmap</structfield>)[<structfield>w.width</structfield> * y + x / 8] &amp; (1 &lt;&lt; (x &amp; 7))</programlisting></para><para>where <structfield>0</structfield> &le; x &lt;
<structfield>w.width</structfield> and <structfield>0</structfield> &le;
y &lt;<structfield>w.height</structfield>.<footnote>
<para>Should we require
<structfield>w.width</structfield> to be a multiple of
eight?</para>
</footnote></para><para>When a clipping
bit mask is not supported the driver ignores this field, its contents
after calling &VIDIOC-S-FMT; are undefined. When a bit mask is supported
but no clipping is desired this field must be set to
<constant>NULL</constant>.</para><para>Applications need not create a
clip list or bit mask. When they pass both, or despite negotiating
chroma-keying, the results are undefined. Regardless of the chosen
method, the clipping abilities of the hardware may be limited in
quantity or quality. The results when these limits are exceeded are
undefined.<footnote>
<para>When the image is written into frame buffer
memory it will be undesirable if the driver clips out less pixels
than expected, because the application and graphics system are not
aware these regions need to be refreshed. The driver should clip out
more pixels or not write the image at all.</para>
</footnote></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>global_alpha</structfield></entry>
<entry>The global alpha value used to blend the
framebuffer with video images, if global alpha blending has been
negotiated (<constant>V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_GLOBAL_ALPHA</constant>, see
&VIDIOC-S-FBUF;, <xref linkend="framebuffer-flags" />).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Note this field was added in Linux 2.6.23, extending the structure. However
the <link linkend="vidioc-g-fmt">VIDIOC_G/S/TRY_FMT</link> ioctls,
which take a pointer to a <link
linkend="v4l2-format">v4l2_format</link> parent structure with padding
bytes at the end, are not affected.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-clip">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_clip</structname><footnote>
<para>The X Window system defines "regions" which are
vectors of struct BoxRec { short x1, y1, x2, y2; } with width = x2 -
x1 and height = y2 - y1, so one cannot pass X11 clip lists
directly.</para>
</footnote></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-rect;</entry>
<entry><structfield>c</structfield></entry>
<entry>Coordinates of the clipping rectangle, relative to
the top, left corner of the frame buffer. Only window pixels
<emphasis>outside</emphasis> all clipping rectangles are
displayed.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-clip; *</entry>
<entry><structfield>next</structfield></entry>
<entry>Pointer to the next clipping rectangle, NULL when
this is the last rectangle. Drivers ignore this field, it cannot be
used to pass a linked list of clipping rectangles.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<!-- NB for easier reading this table is duplicated
in the vidioc-cropcap chapter.-->
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-rect">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_rect</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__s32</entry>
<entry><structfield>left</structfield></entry>
<entry>Horizontal offset of the top, left corner of the
rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__s32</entry>
<entry><structfield>top</structfield></entry>
<entry>Vertical offset of the top, left corner of the
rectangle, in pixels. Offsets increase to the right and down.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>width</structfield></entry>
<entry>Width of the rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>height</structfield></entry>
<entry>Height of the rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<title>Enabling Overlay</title>
<para>To start or stop the frame buffer overlay applications call
the &VIDIOC-OVERLAY; ioctl.</para>
</section>

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<title>Radio Interface</title>
<para>This interface is intended for AM and FM (analog) radio
receivers and transmitters.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 radio devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/radio</filename>
and <filename>/dev/radio0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/radio63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 64 to 127.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the radio interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_RADIO</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_CAP_TUNER</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_MODULATOR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. Other combinations of
capability flags are reserved for future extensions.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Radio devices can support <link
linkend="control">controls</link>, and must support the <link
linkend="tuner">tuner or modulator</link> ioctls.</para>
<para>They do not support the video input or output, audio input
or output, video standard, cropping and scaling, compression and
streaming parameter, or overlay ioctls. All other ioctls and I/O
methods are reserved for future extensions.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Programming</title>
<para>Radio devices may have a couple audio controls (as discussed
in <xref linkend="control" />) such as a volume control, possibly custom
controls. Further all radio devices have one tuner or modulator (these are
discussed in <xref linkend="tuner" />) with index number zero to select
the radio frequency and to determine if a monaural or FM stereo
program is received/emitted. Drivers switch automatically between AM and FM
depending on the selected frequency. The &VIDIOC-G-TUNER; or
&VIDIOC-G-MODULATOR; ioctl
reports the supported frequency range.</para>
</section>

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<title>Raw VBI Data Interface</title>
<para>VBI is an abbreviation of Vertical Blanking Interval, a gap
in the sequence of lines of an analog video signal. During VBI
no picture information is transmitted, allowing some time while the
electron beam of a cathode ray tube TV returns to the top of the
screen. Using an oscilloscope you will find here the vertical
synchronization pulses and short data packages ASK
modulated<footnote><para>ASK: Amplitude-Shift Keying. A high signal
level represents a '1' bit, a low level a '0' bit.</para></footnote>
onto the video signal. These are transmissions of services such as
Teletext or Closed Caption.</para>
<para>Subject of this interface type is raw VBI data, as sampled off
a video signal, or to be added to a signal for output.
The data format is similar to uncompressed video images, a number of
lines times a number of samples per line, we call this a VBI image.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 VBI devices are accessed through character
device special files named <filename>/dev/vbi</filename> and
<filename>/dev/vbi0</filename> to <filename>/dev/vbi31</filename> with
major number 81 and minor numbers 224 to 255.
<filename>/dev/vbi</filename> is typically a symbolic link to the
preferred VBI device. This convention applies to both input and output
devices.</para>
<para>To address the problems of finding related video and VBI
devices VBI capturing and output is also available as device function
under <filename>/dev/video</filename>. To capture or output raw VBI
data with these devices applications must call the &VIDIOC-S-FMT;
ioctl. Accessed as <filename>/dev/vbi</filename>, raw VBI capturing
or output is the default device function.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the raw VBI capturing or output API set
the <constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_OUTPUT</constant> flags, respectively, in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. At least one of the
read/write, streaming or asynchronous I/O methods must be
supported. VBI devices may or may not have a tuner or modulator.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>VBI devices shall support <link linkend="video">video
input or output</link>, <link linkend="tuner">tuner or
modulator</link>, and <link linkend="control">controls</link> ioctls
as needed. The <link linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls provide
information vital to program a VBI device, therefore must be
supported.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Raw VBI Format Negotiation</title>
<para>Raw VBI sampling abilities can vary, in particular the
sampling frequency. To properly interpret the data V4L2 specifies an
ioctl to query the sampling parameters. Moreover, to allow for some
flexibility applications can also suggest different parameters.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis>
reset at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a
device and then reading from it as if it was a plain file. Well
written V4L2 applications should always ensure they really get what
they want, requesting reasonable parameters and then checking if the
actual parameters are suitable.</para>
<para>To query the current raw VBI capture parameters
applications set the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a
&v4l2-format; to <constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-vbi-format; <structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-vbi-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers return
an &EINVAL; only when the given parameters are ambiguous, otherwise
they modify the parameters according to the hardware capabilities and
return the actual parameters. When the driver allocates resources at
this point, it may return an &EBUSY; to indicate the returned
parameters are valid but the required resources are currently not
available. That may happen for instance when the video and VBI areas
to capture would overlap, or when the driver supports multiple opens
and another process already requested VBI capturing or output. Anyway,
applications must expect other resource allocation points which may
return <errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode>, at the &VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl
and the first read(), write() and select() call.</para>
<para>VBI devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-vbi-format">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_vbi_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>sampling_rate</structfield></entry>
<entry>Samples per second, i.&nbsp;e. unit 1 Hz.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>offset</structfield></entry>
<entry><para>Horizontal offset of the VBI image,
relative to the leading edge of the line synchronization pulse and
counted in samples: The first sample in the VBI image will be located
<structfield>offset</structfield> /
<structfield>sampling_rate</structfield> seconds following the leading
edge. See also <xref linkend="vbi-hsync" />.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>samples_per_line</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>sample_format</structfield></entry>
<entry><para>Defines the sample format as in <xref
linkend="pixfmt" />, a four-character-code.<footnote>
<para>A few devices may be unable to
sample VBI data at all but can extend the video capture window to the
VBI region.</para>
</footnote> Usually this is
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY</constant>, i.&nbsp;e. each sample
consists of 8 bits with lower values oriented towards the black level.
Do not assume any other correlation of values with the signal level.
For example, the MSB does not necessarily indicate if the signal is
'high' or 'low' because 128 may not be the mean value of the
signal. Drivers shall not convert the sample format by software.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>start</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>This is the scanning system line number
associated with the first line of the VBI image, of the first and the
second field respectively. See <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and
<xref linkend="vbi-625" /> for valid values.
The <constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F1_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F2_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F1_START</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F2_START</constant> defines give the start line
numbers for each field for each 525 or 625 line format as a convenience.
Don't forget that ITU line numbering starts at 1, not 0.
VBI input drivers can return start values 0 if the hardware cannot
reliable identify scanning lines, VBI acquisition may not require this
information.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>count</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>The number of lines in the first and second
field image, respectively.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>Drivers should be as
flexibility as possible. For example, it may be possible to extend or
move the VBI capture window down to the picture area, implementing a
'full field mode' to capture data service transmissions embedded in
the picture.</para><para>An application can set the first or second
<structfield>count</structfield> value to zero if no data is required
from the respective field; <structfield>count</structfield>[1] if the
scanning system is progressive, &ie; not interlaced. The
corresponding start value shall be ignored by the application and
driver. Anyway, drivers may not support single field capturing and
return both count values non-zero.</para><para>Both
<structfield>count</structfield> values set to zero, or line numbers
outside the bounds depicted in <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref
linkend="vbi-625" />, or a field image covering
lines of two fields, are invalid and shall not be returned by the
driver.</para><para>To initialize the <structfield>start</structfield>
and <structfield>count</structfield> fields, applications must first
determine the current video standard selection. The &v4l2-std-id; or
the <structfield>framelines</structfield> field of &v4l2-standard; can
be evaluated for this purpose.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry>See <xref linkend="vbifmt-flags" /> below. Currently
only drivers set flags, applications must set this field to
zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>This array is reserved for future extensions.
Drivers and applications must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="vbifmt-flags">
<title>Raw VBI Format Flags</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_VBI_UNSYNC</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0001</entry>
<entry><para>This flag indicates hardware which does not
properly distinguish between fields. Normally the VBI image stores the
first field (lower scanning line numbers) first in memory. This may be
a top or bottom field depending on the video standard. When this flag
is set the first or second field may be stored first, however the
fields are still in correct temporal order with the older field first
in memory.<footnote>
<para>Most VBI services transmit on both fields, but
some have different semantics depending on the field number. These
cannot be reliable decoded or encoded when
<constant>V4L2_VBI_UNSYNC</constant> is set.</para>
</footnote></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_VBI_INTERLACED</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0002</entry>
<entry>By default the two field images will be passed
sequentially; all lines of the first field followed by all lines of
the second field (compare <xref linkend="field-order" />
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_TB</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_BT</constant>, whether the top or bottom
field is first in memory depends on the video standard). When this
flag is set, the two fields are interlaced (cf.
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED</constant>). The first line of the
first field followed by the first line of the second field, then the
two second lines, and so on. Such a layout may be necessary when the
hardware has been programmed to capture or output interlaced video
images and is unable to separate the fields for VBI capturing at
the same time. For simplicity setting this flag implies that both
<structfield>count</structfield> values are equal and non-zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<figure id="vbi-hsync">
<title>Line synchronization</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_hsync.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_hsync.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Line synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<figure id="vbi-525">
<title>ITU-R 525 line numbering (M/NTSC and M/PAL)</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_525.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_525.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>NTSC field synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
<caption>
<para>(1) For the purpose of this specification field 2
starts in line 264 and not 263.5 because half line capturing is not
supported.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<figure id="vbi-625">
<title>ITU-R 625 line numbering</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_625.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_625.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>PAL/SECAM field synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
<caption>
<para>(1) For the purpose of this specification field 2
starts in line 314 and not 313.5 because half line capturing is not
supported.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>Remember the VBI image format depends on the selected
video standard, therefore the application must choose a new standard or
query the current standard first. Attempts to read or write data ahead
of format negotiation, or after switching the video standard which may
invalidate the negotiated VBI parameters, should be refused by the
driver. A format change during active I/O is not permitted.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading and writing VBI images</title>
<para>To assure synchronization with the field number and easier
implementation, the smallest unit of data passed at a time is one
frame, consisting of two fields of VBI images immediately following in
memory.</para>
<para>The total size of a frame computes as follows:</para>
<programlisting>
(<structfield>count</structfield>[0] + <structfield>count</structfield>[1]) *
<structfield>samples_per_line</structfield> * sample size in bytes</programlisting>
<para>The sample size is most likely always one byte,
applications must check the <structfield>sample_format</structfield>
field though, to function properly with other drivers.</para>
<para>A VBI device may support <link
linkend="rw">read/write</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. The latter bears the
possibility of synchronizing video and
VBI data by using buffer timestamps.</para>
<para>Remember the &VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl and the first read(),
write() and select() call can be resource allocation points returning
an &EBUSY; if the required hardware resources are temporarily
unavailable, for example the device is already in use by another
process.</para>
</section>

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<title>RDS Interface</title>
<para>The Radio Data System transmits supplementary
information in binary format, for example the station name or travel
information, on an inaudible audio subcarrier of a radio program. This
interface is aimed at devices capable of receiving and/or transmitting RDS
information.</para>
<para>For more information see the core RDS standard <xref linkend="iec62106" />
and the RBDS standard <xref linkend="nrsc4" />.</para>
<para>Note that the RBDS standard as is used in the USA is almost identical
to the RDS standard. Any RDS decoder/encoder can also handle RBDS. Only some of the
fields have slightly different meanings. See the RBDS standard for more
information.</para>
<para>The RBDS standard also specifies support for MMBS (Modified Mobile Search).
This is a proprietary format which seems to be discontinued. The RDS interface does not
support this format. Should support for MMBS (or the so-called 'E blocks' in general)
be needed, then please contact the linux-media mailing list: &v4l-ml;.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the RDS capturing API set
the <constant>V4L2_CAP_RDS_CAPTURE</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. Any tuner that supports RDS
will set the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capability</structfield> field of &v4l2-tuner;. If
the driver only passes RDS blocks without interpreting the data
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_BLOCK_IO</constant> flag has to be
set, see <link linkend="reading-rds-data">Reading RDS data</link>.
For future use the
flag <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_CONTROLS</constant> has also been
defined. However, a driver for a radio tuner with this capability does
not yet exist, so if you are planning to write such a driver you
should discuss this on the linux-media mailing list: &v4l-ml;.</para>
<para> Whether an RDS signal is present can be detected by looking
at the <structfield>rxsubchans</structfield> field of &v4l2-tuner;:
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_SUB_RDS</constant> will be set if RDS data
was detected.</para>
<para>Devices supporting the RDS output API
set the <constant>V4L2_CAP_RDS_OUTPUT</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl.
Any modulator that supports RDS will set the
<constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS</constant> flag in the <structfield>capability</structfield>
field of &v4l2-modulator;.
In order to enable the RDS transmission one must set the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_SUB_RDS</constant>
bit in the <structfield>txsubchans</structfield> field of &v4l2-modulator;.
If the driver only passes RDS blocks without interpreting the data
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_BLOCK_IO</constant> flag has to be set. If the
tuner is capable of handling RDS entities like program identification codes and radio
text, the flag <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_CONTROLS</constant> should be set,
see <link linkend="writing-rds-data">Writing RDS data</link> and
<link linkend="fm-tx-controls">FM Transmitter Control Reference</link>.</para>
</section>
<section id="reading-rds-data">
<title>Reading RDS data</title>
<para>RDS data can be read from the radio device
with the &func-read; function. The data is packed in groups of three bytes.</para>
</section>
<section id="writing-rds-data">
<title>Writing RDS data</title>
<para>RDS data can be written to the radio device
with the &func-write; function. The data is packed in groups of three bytes,
as follows:</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>RDS datastructures</title>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-data">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_rds_data</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>lsb</structfield></entry>
<entry>Least Significant Byte of RDS Block</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>msb</structfield></entry>
<entry>Most Significant Byte of RDS Block</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>block</structfield></entry>
<entry>Block description</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-block">
<title>Block description</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>Bits 0-2</entry>
<entry>Block (aka offset) of the received data.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bits 3-5</entry>
<entry>Deprecated. Currently identical to bits 0-2. Do not use these bits.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bit 6</entry>
<entry>Corrected bit. Indicates that an error was corrected for this data block.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bit 7</entry>
<entry>Error bit. Indicates that an uncorrectable error occurred during reception of this block.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-block-codes">
<title>Block defines</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_MSK</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>Mask for bits 0-2 to get the block ID.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_A</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Block A.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_B</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Block B.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_C</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Block C.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_D</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Block D.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_C_ALT</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>Block C'.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_INVALID</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>An invalid block.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_CORRECTED</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>0x40</entry>
<entry>A bit error was detected but corrected.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_ERROR</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>0x80</entry>
<entry>An uncorrectable error occurred.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>

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<title>Software Defined Radio Interface (SDR)</title>
<para>
SDR is an abbreviation of Software Defined Radio, the radio device
which uses application software for modulation or demodulation. This interface
is intended for controlling and data streaming of such devices.
</para>
<para>
SDR devices are accessed through character device special files named
<filename>/dev/swradio0</filename> to <filename>/dev/swradio255</filename>
with major number 81 and dynamically allocated minor numbers 0 to 255.
</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>
Devices supporting the SDR receiver interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_SDR_CAPTURE</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_CAP_TUNER</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. That flag means the device has an
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), which is a mandatory element for the SDR receiver.
</para>
<para>
Devices supporting the SDR transmitter interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_SDR_OUTPUT</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_CAP_MODULATOR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. That flag means the device has an
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC), which is a mandatory element for the SDR transmitter.
</para>
<para>
At least one of the read/write, streaming or asynchronous I/O methods must
be supported.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>
SDR devices can support <link linkend="control">controls</link>, and must
support the <link linkend="tuner">tuner</link> ioctls. Tuner ioctls are used
for setting the ADC/DAC sampling rate (sampling frequency) and the possible
radio frequency (RF).
</para>
<para>
The <constant>V4L2_TUNER_SDR</constant> tuner type is used for setting SDR
device ADC/DAC frequency, and the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_RF</constant>
tuner type is used for setting radio frequency.
The tuner index of the RF tuner (if any) must always follow the SDR tuner index.
Normally the SDR tuner is #0 and the RF tuner is #1.
</para>
<para>
The &VIDIOC-S-HW-FREQ-SEEK; ioctl is not supported.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Data Format Negotiation</title>
<para>
The SDR device uses the <link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls to
select the capture and output format. Both the sampling resolution and the data
streaming format are bound to that selectable format. In addition to the basic
<link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls, the &VIDIOC-ENUM-FMT; ioctl
must be supported as well.
</para>
<para>
To use the <link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SDR_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SDR_OUTPUT</constant> and use the &v4l2-sdr-format;
<structfield>sdr</structfield> member of the <structfield>fmt</structfield>
union as needed per the desired operation.
Currently there is two fields, <structfield>pixelformat</structfield> and
<structfield>buffersize</structfield>, of struct &v4l2-sdr-format; which are
used. Content of the <structfield>pixelformat</structfield> is V4L2 FourCC
code of the data format. The <structfield>buffersize</structfield> field is
maximum buffer size in bytes required for data transfer, set by the driver in
order to inform application.
</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-sdr-format">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_sdr_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>pixelformat</structfield></entry>
<entry>
The data format or type of compression, set by the application. This is a
little endian <link linkend="v4l2-fourcc">four character code</link>.
V4L2 defines SDR formats in <xref linkend="sdr-formats" />.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>buffersize</structfield></entry>
<entry>
Maximum size in bytes required for data. Value is set by the driver.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved[24]</structfield></entry>
<entry>This array is reserved for future extensions.
Drivers and applications must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>
An SDR device may support <link linkend="rw">read/write</link>
and/or streaming (<link linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link>
or <link linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O.
</para>
</section>

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@ -1,706 +0,0 @@
<title>Sliced VBI Data Interface</title>
<para>VBI stands for Vertical Blanking Interval, a gap in the
sequence of lines of an analog video signal. During VBI no picture
information is transmitted, allowing some time while the electron beam
of a cathode ray tube TV returns to the top of the screen.</para>
<para>Sliced VBI devices use hardware to demodulate data transmitted
in the VBI. V4L2 drivers shall <emphasis>not</emphasis> do this by
software, see also the <link linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI
interface</link>. The data is passed as short packets of fixed size,
covering one scan line each. The number of packets per video frame is
variable.</para>
<para>Sliced VBI capture and output devices are accessed through the
same character special files as raw VBI devices. When a driver
supports both interfaces, the default function of a
<filename>/dev/vbi</filename> device is <emphasis>raw</emphasis> VBI
capturing or output, and the sliced VBI function is only available
after calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl as defined below. Likewise a
<filename>/dev/video</filename> device may support the sliced VBI API,
however the default function here is video capturing or output.
Different file descriptors must be used to pass raw and sliced VBI
data simultaneously, if this is supported by the driver.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the sliced VBI capturing or output API
set the <constant>V4L2_CAP_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT</constant> flag respectively, in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. At least one of the
read/write, streaming or asynchronous <link linkend="io">I/O
methods</link> must be supported. Sliced VBI devices may have a tuner
or modulator.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Sliced VBI devices shall support <link linkend="video">video
input or output</link> and <link linkend="tuner">tuner or
modulator</link> ioctls if they have these capabilities, and they may
support <link linkend="control">control</link> ioctls. The <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls provide information
vital to program a sliced VBI device, therefore must be
supported.</para>
</section>
<section id="sliced-vbi-format-negotitation">
<title>Sliced VBI Format Negotiation</title>
<para>To find out which data services are supported by the
hardware applications can call the &VIDIOC-G-SLICED-VBI-CAP; ioctl.
All drivers implementing the sliced VBI interface must support this
ioctl. The results may differ from those of the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl
when the number of VBI lines the hardware can capture or output per
frame, or the number of services it can identify on a given line are
limited. For example on PAL line 16 the hardware may be able to look
for a VPS or Teletext signal, but not both at the same time.</para>
<para>To determine the currently selected services applications
set the <structfield>type </structfield> field of &v4l2-format; to
<constant> V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or <constant>
V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>, and the &VIDIOC-G-FMT;
ioctl fills the <structfield>fmt.sliced</structfield> member, a
&v4l2-sliced-vbi-format;.</para>
<para>Applications can request different parameters by
initializing or modifying the <structfield>fmt.sliced</structfield>
member and calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to the
<structname>v4l2_format</structname> structure.</para>
<para>The sliced VBI API is more complicated than the raw VBI API
because the hardware must be told which VBI service to expect on each
scan line. Not all services may be supported by the hardware on all
lines (this is especially true for VBI output where Teletext is often
unsupported and other services can only be inserted in one specific
line). In many cases, however, it is sufficient to just set the
<structfield>service_set</structfield> field to the required services
and let the driver fill the <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array according to hardware capabilities. Only if more precise control
is needed should the programmer set the
<structfield>service_lines</structfield> array explicitly.</para>
<para>The &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl modifies the parameters
according to hardware capabilities. When the driver allocates
resources at this point, it may return an &EBUSY; if the required
resources are temporarily unavailable. Other resource allocation
points which may return <errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode> can be the
&VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl and the first &func-read;, &func-write; and
&func-select; call.</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-sliced-vbi-format">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="3*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="3*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c5" colwidth="2*" />
<spanspec namest="c3" nameend="c5" spanname="hspan" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>service_set</structfield></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>If
<structfield>service_set</structfield> is non-zero when passed with
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; or &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT;, the
<structfield>service_lines</structfield> array will be filled by the
driver according to the services specified in this field. For example,
if <structfield>service_set</structfield> is initialized with
<constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B | V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant>, a
driver for the cx25840 video decoder sets lines 7-22 of both
fields<footnote><para>According to <link
linkend="ets300706">ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;706</link> lines 6-22 of the
first field and lines 5-22 of the second field may carry Teletext
data.</para></footnote> to <constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B</constant>
and line 23 of the first field to
<constant>V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant>. If
<structfield>service_set</structfield> is set to zero, then the values
of <structfield>service_lines</structfield> will be used instead.
</para><para>On return the driver sets this field to the union of all
elements of the returned <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array. It may contain less services than requested, perhaps just one,
if the hardware cannot handle more services simultaneously. It may be
empty (zero) if none of the requested services are supported by the
hardware.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[2][24]</entry>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>Applications initialize this
array with sets of data services the driver shall look for or insert
on the respective scan line. Subject to hardware capabilities drivers
return the requested set, a subset, which may be just a single
service, or an empty set. When the hardware cannot handle multiple
services on the same line the driver shall choose one. No assumptions
can be made on which service the driver chooses.</para><para>Data
services are defined in <xref linkend="vbi-services2" />. Array indices
map to ITU-R line numbers (see also <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref
linkend="vbi-625" />) as follows: <!-- No nested
tables, sigh. --></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Element</entry>
<entry>525 line systems</entry>
<entry>625 line systems</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][1]</entry>
<entry align="center">1</entry>
<entry align="center">1</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][23]</entry>
<entry align="center">23</entry>
<entry align="center">23</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][1]</entry>
<entry align="center">264</entry>
<entry align="center">314</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][23]</entry>
<entry align="center">286</entry>
<entry align="center">336</entry>
</row>
<!-- End of line numbers table. -->
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">Drivers must set
<structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][0] and
<structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][0] to zero.
The <constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F1_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F2_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F1_START</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F2_START</constant> defines give the start
line numbers for each field for each 525 or 625 line format as a
convenience. Don't forget that ITU line numbering starts at 1, not 0.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>io_size</structfield></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">Maximum number of bytes passed by
one &func-read; or &func-write; call, and the buffer size in bytes for
the &VIDIOC-QBUF; and &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl. Drivers set this field to
the size of &v4l2-sliced-vbi-data; times the number of non-zero
elements in the returned <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array (that is the number of lines potentially carrying data).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">This array is reserved for future
extensions. Applications and drivers must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<!-- See also vidioc-g-sliced-vbi-cap.sgml -->
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="vbi-services2">
<title>Sliced VBI services</title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c5" colwidth="2*" />
<spanspec namest="c3" nameend="c5" spanname="rlp" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Symbol</entry>
<entry>Value</entry>
<entry>Reference</entry>
<entry>Lines, usually</entry>
<entry>Payload</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B</constant>
(Teletext System B)</entry>
<entry>0x0001</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="ets300706" />, <xref linkend="itu653" /></entry>
<entry>PAL/SECAM line 7-22, 320-335 (second field 7-22)</entry>
<entry>Last 42 of the 45 byte Teletext packet, that is
without clock run-in and framing code, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VPS</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0400</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="ets300231" /></entry>
<entry>PAL line 16</entry>
<entry>Byte number 3 to 15 according to Figure 9 of
ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;231, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_CAPTION_525</constant></entry>
<entry>0x1000</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="cea608" /></entry>
<entry>NTSC line 21, 284 (second field 21)</entry>
<entry>Two bytes in transmission order, including parity
bit, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant></entry>
<entry>0x4000</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="itu1119" />, <xref linkend="en300294" /></entry>
<entry>PAL/SECAM line 23</entry>
<entry><screen>
Byte 0 1
msb lsb msb lsb
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 x x 13 12 11 10 9
</screen></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VBI_525</constant></entry>
<entry>0x1000</entry>
<entry spanname="rlp">Set of services applicable to 525
line systems.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VBI_625</constant></entry>
<entry>0x4401</entry>
<entry spanname="rlp">Set of services applicable to 625
line systems.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Drivers may return an &EINVAL; when applications attempt to
read or write data without prior format negotiation, after switching
the video standard (which may invalidate the negotiated VBI
parameters) and after switching the video input (which may change the
video standard as a side effect). The &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl may return
an &EBUSY; when applications attempt to change the format while i/o is
in progress (between a &VIDIOC-STREAMON; and &VIDIOC-STREAMOFF; call,
and after the first &func-read; or &func-write; call).</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading and writing sliced VBI data</title>
<para>A single &func-read; or &func-write; call must pass all data
belonging to one video frame. That is an array of
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname> structures with one or
more elements and a total size not exceeding
<structfield>io_size</structfield> bytes. Likewise in streaming I/O
mode one buffer of <structfield>io_size</structfield> bytes must
contain data of one video frame. The <structfield>id</structfield> of
unused <structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname> elements must be
zero.</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-sliced-vbi-data">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>id</structfield></entry>
<entry>A flag from <xref linkend="vbi-services" />
identifying the type of data in this packet. Only a single bit must be
set. When the <structfield>id</structfield> of a captured packet is
zero, the packet is empty and the contents of other fields are
undefined. Applications shall ignore empty packets. When the
<structfield>id</structfield> of a packet for output is zero the
contents of the <structfield>data</structfield> field are undefined
and the driver must no longer insert data on the requested
<structfield>field</structfield> and
<structfield>line</structfield>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>field</structfield></entry>
<entry>The video field number this data has been captured
from, or shall be inserted at. <constant>0</constant> for the first
field, <constant>1</constant> for the second field.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield></entry>
<entry>The field (as opposed to frame) line number this
data has been captured from, or shall be inserted at. See <xref
linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref linkend="vbi-625" /> for valid
values. Sliced VBI capture devices can set the line number of all
packets to <constant>0</constant> if the hardware cannot reliably
identify scan lines. The field number must always be valid.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield></entry>
<entry>This field is reserved for future extensions.
Applications and drivers must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>data</structfield>[48]</entry>
<entry>The packet payload. See <xref
linkend="vbi-services" /> for the contents and number of
bytes passed for each data type. The contents of padding bytes at the
end of this array are undefined, drivers and applications shall ignore
them.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Packets are always passed in ascending line number order,
without duplicate line numbers. The &func-write; function and the
&VIDIOC-QBUF; ioctl must return an &EINVAL; when applications violate
this rule. They must also return an &EINVAL; when applications pass an
incorrect field or line number, or a combination of
<structfield>field</structfield>, <structfield>line</structfield> and
<structfield>id</structfield> which has not been negotiated with the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; or &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. When the line numbers are
unknown the driver must pass the packets in transmitted order. The
driver can insert empty packets with <structfield>id</structfield> set
to zero anywhere in the packet array.</para>
<para>To assure synchronization and to distinguish from frame
dropping, when a captured frame does not carry any of the requested
data services drivers must pass one or more empty packets. When an
application fails to pass VBI data in time for output, the driver
must output the last VPS and WSS packet again, and disable the output
of Closed Caption and Teletext data, or output data which is ignored
by Closed Caption and Teletext decoders.</para>
<para>A sliced VBI device may support <link
linkend="rw">read/write</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> and/or <link linkend="userp">user
pointer</link>) I/O. The latter bears the possibility of synchronizing
video and VBI data by using buffer timestamps.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Sliced VBI Data in MPEG Streams</title>
<para>If a device can produce an MPEG output stream, it may be
capable of providing <link
linkend="sliced-vbi-format-negotitation">negotiated sliced VBI
services</link> as data embedded in the MPEG stream. Users or
applications control this sliced VBI data insertion with the <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link>
control.</para>
<para>If the driver does not provide the <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link>
control, or only allows that control to be set to <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_NONE</constant></link>, then the device
cannot embed sliced VBI data in the MPEG stream.</para>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">
V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link> control does not implicitly set
the device driver to capture nor cease capturing sliced VBI data. The
control only indicates to embed sliced VBI data in the MPEG stream, if
an application has negotiated sliced VBI service be captured.</para>
<para>It may also be the case that a device can embed sliced VBI
data in only certain types of MPEG streams: for example in an MPEG-2
PS but not an MPEG-2 TS. In this situation, if sliced VBI data
insertion is requested, the sliced VBI data will be embedded in MPEG
stream types when supported, and silently omitted from MPEG stream
types where sliced VBI data insertion is not supported by the device.
</para>
<para>The following subsections specify the format of the
embedded sliced VBI data.</para>
<section>
<title>MPEG Stream Embedded, Sliced VBI Data Format: NONE</title>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_NONE</constant></link> embedded sliced VBI
format shall be interpreted by drivers as a control to cease
embedding sliced VBI data in MPEG streams. Neither the device nor
driver shall insert "empty" embedded sliced VBI data packets in the
MPEG stream when this format is set. No MPEG stream data structures
are specified for this format.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>MPEG Stream Embedded, Sliced VBI Data Format: IVTV</title>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_IVTV</constant></link> embedded sliced VBI
format, when supported, indicates to the driver to embed up to 36
lines of sliced VBI data per frame in an MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private
Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packet encapsulated in an MPEG-2 <emphasis>
Program Pack</emphasis> in the MPEG stream.</para>
<para><emphasis>Historical context</emphasis>: This format
specification originates from a custom, embedded, sliced VBI data
format used by the <filename>ivtv</filename> driver. This format
has already been informally specified in the kernel sources in the
file <filename>Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/README.vbi</filename>
. The maximum size of the payload and other aspects of this format
are driven by the CX23415 MPEG decoder's capabilities and limitations
with respect to extracting, decoding, and displaying sliced VBI data
embedded within an MPEG stream.</para>
<para>This format's use is <emphasis>not</emphasis> exclusive to
the <filename>ivtv</filename> driver <emphasis>nor</emphasis>
exclusive to CX2341x devices, as the sliced VBI data packet insertion
into the MPEG stream is implemented in driver software. At least the
<filename>cx18</filename> driver provides sliced VBI data insertion
into an MPEG-2 PS in this format as well.</para>
<para>The following definitions specify the payload of the
MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packets that contain
sliced VBI data when <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">
<constant>V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_IVTV</constant></link> is set.
(The MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packet header
and encapsulating MPEG-2 <emphasis>Program Pack</emphasis> header are
not detailed here. Please refer to the MPEG-2 specifications for
details on those packet headers.)</para>
<para>The payload of the MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES
</emphasis> packets that contain sliced VBI data is specified by
&v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv;. The payload is variable
length, depending on the actual number of lines of sliced VBI data
present in a video frame. The payload may be padded at the end with
unspecified fill bytes to align the end of the payload to a 4-byte
boundary. The payload shall never exceed 1552 bytes (2 fields with
18 lines/field with 43 bytes of data/line and a 4 byte magic number).
</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_fmt_ivtv</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
&cs-ustr;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>magic</structfield>[4]</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>A "magic" constant from <xref
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv-magic" /> that indicates
this is a valid sliced VBI data payload and also indicates which
member of the anonymous union, <structfield>itv0</structfield> or
<structfield>ITV0</structfield>, to use for the payload data.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>union</entry>
<entry>(anonymous)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>itv0</structfield></entry>
<entry>The primary form of the sliced VBI data payload
that contains anywhere from 1 to 35 lines of sliced VBI data.
Line masks are provided in this form of the payload indicating
which VBI lines are provided.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>ITV0</structfield></entry>
<entry>An alternate form of the sliced VBI data payload
used when 36 lines of sliced VBI data are present. No line masks are
provided in this form of the payload; all valid line mask bits are
implcitly set.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv-magic">
<title>Magic Constants for &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv;
<structfield>magic</structfield> field</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="left">Defined Symbol</entry>
<entry align="left">Value</entry>
<entry align="left">Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_MAGIC0</constant>
</entry>
<entry>"itv0"</entry>
<entry>Indicates the <structfield>itv0</structfield>
member of the union in &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv; is valid.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_MAGIC1</constant>
</entry>
<entry>"ITV0"</entry>
<entry>Indicates the <structfield>ITV0</structfield>
member of the union in &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv; is valid and
that 36 lines of sliced VBI data are present.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__le32</entry>
<entry><structfield>linemask</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry><para>Bitmasks indicating the VBI service lines
present. These <structfield>linemask</structfield> values are stored
in little endian byte order in the MPEG stream. Some reference
<structfield>linemask</structfield> bit positions with their
corresponding VBI line number and video field are given below.
b<subscript>0</subscript> indicates the least significant bit of a
<structfield>linemask</structfield> value:<screen>
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>0</subscript>: line 6 first field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>17</subscript>: line 23 first field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>18</subscript>: line 6 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>31</subscript>: line 19 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>0</subscript>: line 20 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>3</subscript>: line 23 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>4</subscript>-b<subscript>31</subscript>: unused and set to 0</screen></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield>[35]</entry>
<entry>This is a variable length array that holds from 1
to 35 lines of sliced VBI data. The sliced VBI data lines present
correspond to the bits set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield>
array, starting from b<subscript>0</subscript> of <structfield>
linemask</structfield>[0] up through b<subscript>31</subscript> of
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0], and from b<subscript>0
</subscript> of <structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] up through b
<subscript>3</subscript> of <structfield>linemask</structfield>[1].
<structfield>line</structfield>[0] corresponds to the first bit
found set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield> array,
<structfield>line</structfield>[1] corresponds to the second bit
found set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield> array, etc.
If no <structfield>linemask</structfield> array bits are set, then
<structfield>line</structfield>[0] may contain one line of
unspecified data that should be ignored by applications.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield>[36]</entry>
<entry>A fixed length array of 36 lines of sliced VBI
data. <structfield>line</structfield>[0] through <structfield>line
</structfield>[17] correspond to lines 6 through 23 of the
first field. <structfield>line</structfield>[18] through
<structfield>line</structfield>[35] corresponds to lines 6
through 23 of the second field.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>id</structfield></entry>
<entry>A line identifier value from
<xref linkend="ITV0-Line-Identifier-Constants" /> that indicates
the type of sliced VBI data stored on this line.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>data</structfield>[42]</entry>
<entry>The sliced VBI data for the line.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="ITV0-Line-Identifier-Constants">
<title>Line Identifiers for struct <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line"><structname>
v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link> <structfield>id
</structfield> field</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="left">Defined Symbol</entry>
<entry align="left">Value</entry>
<entry align="left">Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_TELETEXT_B</constant>
</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_CAPTION_525</constant>
</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_WSS_625</constant>
</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_VPS</constant>
</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
</section>

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<title>Sub-device Interface</title>
<para>The complex nature of V4L2 devices, where hardware is often made of
several integrated circuits that need to interact with each other in a
controlled way, leads to complex V4L2 drivers. The drivers usually reflect
the hardware model in software, and model the different hardware components
as software blocks called sub-devices.</para>
<para>V4L2 sub-devices are usually kernel-only objects. If the V4L2 driver
implements the media device API, they will automatically inherit from media
entities. Applications will be able to enumerate the sub-devices and discover
the hardware topology using the media entities, pads and links enumeration
API.</para>
<para>In addition to make sub-devices discoverable, drivers can also choose
to make them directly configurable by applications. When both the sub-device
driver and the V4L2 device driver support this, sub-devices will feature a
character device node on which ioctls can be called to
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>query, read and write sub-devices controls</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>subscribe and unsubscribe to events and retrieve them</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>negotiate image formats on individual pads</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>Sub-device character device nodes, conventionally named
<filename>/dev/v4l-subdev*</filename>, use major number 81.</para>
<section>
<title>Controls</title>
<para>Most V4L2 controls are implemented by sub-device hardware. Drivers
usually merge all controls and expose them through video device nodes.
Applications can control all sub-devices through a single interface.</para>
<para>Complex devices sometimes implement the same control in different
pieces of hardware. This situation is common in embedded platforms, where
both sensors and image processing hardware implement identical functions,
such as contrast adjustment, white balance or faulty pixels correction. As
the V4L2 controls API doesn't support several identical controls in a single
device, all but one of the identical controls are hidden.</para>
<para>Applications can access those hidden controls through the sub-device
node with the V4L2 control API described in <xref linkend="control" />. The
ioctls behave identically as when issued on V4L2 device nodes, with the
exception that they deal only with controls implemented in the sub-device.
</para>
<para>Depending on the driver, those controls might also be exposed through
one (or several) V4L2 device nodes.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Events</title>
<para>V4L2 sub-devices can notify applications of events as described in
<xref linkend="event" />. The API behaves identically as when used on V4L2
device nodes, with the exception that it only deals with events generated by
the sub-device. Depending on the driver, those events might also be reported
on one (or several) V4L2 device nodes.</para>
</section>
<section id="pad-level-formats">
<title>Pad-level Formats</title>
<warning><para>Pad-level formats are only applicable to very complex device that
need to expose low-level format configuration to user space. Generic V4L2
applications do <emphasis>not</emphasis> need to use the API described in
this section.</para></warning>
<note><para>For the purpose of this section, the term
<wordasword>format</wordasword> means the combination of media bus data
format, frame width and frame height.</para></note>
<para>Image formats are typically negotiated on video capture and
output devices using the format and <link
linkend="vidioc-subdev-g-selection">selection</link> ioctls. The
driver is responsible for configuring every block in the video
pipeline according to the requested format at the pipeline input
and/or output.</para>
<para>For complex devices, such as often found in embedded systems,
identical image sizes at the output of a pipeline can be achieved using
different hardware configurations. One such example is shown on
<xref linkend="pipeline-scaling" />, where
image scaling can be performed on both the video sensor and the host image
processing hardware.</para>
<figure id="pipeline-scaling">
<title>Image Format Negotiation on Pipelines</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="pipeline.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="pipeline.png" format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>High quality and high speed pipeline configuration</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>The sensor scaler is usually of less quality than the host scaler, but
scaling on the sensor is required to achieve higher frame rates. Depending
on the use case (quality vs. speed), the pipeline must be configured
differently. Applications need to configure the formats at every point in
the pipeline explicitly.</para>
<para>Drivers that implement the <link linkend="media-controller-intro">media
API</link> can expose pad-level image format configuration to applications.
When they do, applications can use the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; and
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctls. to negotiate formats on a per-pad basis.</para>
<para>Applications are responsible for configuring coherent parameters on
the whole pipeline and making sure that connected pads have compatible
formats. The pipeline is checked for formats mismatch at &VIDIOC-STREAMON;
time, and an &EPIPE; is then returned if the configuration is
invalid.</para>
<para>Pad-level image format configuration support can be tested by calling
the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; ioctl on pad 0. If the driver returns an &EINVAL;
pad-level format configuration is not supported by the sub-device.</para>
<section>
<title>Format Negotiation</title>
<para>Acceptable formats on pads can (and usually do) depend on a number
of external parameters, such as formats on other pads, active links, or
even controls. Finding a combination of formats on all pads in a video
pipeline, acceptable to both application and driver, can't rely on formats
enumeration only. A format negotiation mechanism is required.</para>
<para>Central to the format negotiation mechanism are the get/set format
operations. When called with the <structfield>which</structfield> argument
set to <constant>V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_TRY</constant>, the
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; and &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctls operate on a set of
formats parameters that are not connected to the hardware configuration.
Modifying those 'try' formats leaves the device state untouched (this
applies to both the software state stored in the driver and the hardware
state stored in the device itself).</para>
<para>While not kept as part of the device state, try formats are stored
in the sub-device file handles. A &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; call will return
the last try format set <emphasis>on the same sub-device file
handle</emphasis>. Several applications querying the same sub-device at
the same time will thus not interact with each other.</para>
<para>To find out whether a particular format is supported by the device,
applications use the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctl. Drivers verify and, if
needed, change the requested <structfield>format</structfield> based on
device requirements and return the possibly modified value. Applications
can then choose to try a different format or accept the returned value and
continue.</para>
<para>Formats returned by the driver during a negotiation iteration are
guaranteed to be supported by the device. In particular, drivers guarantee
that a returned format will not be further changed if passed to an
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; call as-is (as long as external parameters, such as
formats on other pads or links' configuration are not changed).</para>
<para>Drivers automatically propagate formats inside sub-devices. When a
try or active format is set on a pad, corresponding formats on other pads
of the same sub-device can be modified by the driver. Drivers are free to
modify formats as required by the device. However, they should comply with
the following rules when possible:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Formats should be propagated from sink pads to source pads.
Modifying a format on a source pad should not modify the format on any
sink pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sub-devices that scale frames using variable scaling factors
should reset the scale factors to default values when sink pads formats
are modified. If the 1:1 scaling ratio is supported, this means that
source pads formats should be reset to the sink pads formats.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>Formats are not propagated across links, as that would involve
propagating them from one sub-device file handle to another. Applications
must then take care to configure both ends of every link explicitly with
compatible formats. Identical formats on the two ends of a link are
guaranteed to be compatible. Drivers are free to accept different formats
matching device requirements as being compatible.</para>
<para><xref linkend="sample-pipeline-config" />
shows a sample configuration sequence for the pipeline described in
<xref linkend="pipeline-scaling" /> (table
columns list entity names and pad numbers).</para>
<table pgwide="0" frame="none" id="sample-pipeline-config">
<title>Sample Pipeline Configuration</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="what"/>
<colspec colname="sensor-0 format" />
<colspec colname="frontend-0 format" />
<colspec colname="frontend-1 format" />
<colspec colname="scaler-0 format" />
<colspec colname="scaler-0 compose" />
<colspec colname="scaler-1 format" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Sensor/0 format</entry>
<entry>Frontend/0 format</entry>
<entry>Frontend/1 format</entry>
<entry>Scaler/0 format</entry>
<entry>Scaler/0 compose selection rectangle</entry>
<entry>Scaler/1 format</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>Initial state</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure frontend sink format</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry><emphasis>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure scaler sink format</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>0,0/2046x1534</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure scaler sink compose selection</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry><emphasis>0,0/1280x960</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>1280x960/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Initial state. The sensor source pad format is
set to its native 3MP size and V4L2_MBUS_FMT_SGRBG8_1X8
media bus code. Formats on the host frontend and scaler sink
and source pads have the default values, as well as the
compose rectangle on the scaler's sink pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the frontend sink
pad format's size to 2048x1536 and its media bus code to
V4L2_MBUS_FMT_SGRBG_1X8. The driver propagates the format to
the frontend source pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the scaler sink pad
format's size to 2046x1534 and the media bus code to
V4L2_MBUS_FMT_SGRBG_1X8 to match the frontend source size and
media bus code. The media bus code on the sink pad is set to
V4L2_MBUS_FMT_SGRBG_1X8. The driver propagates the size to the
compose selection rectangle on the scaler's sink pad, and the
format to the scaler source pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the size of the compose
selection rectangle of the scaler's sink pad 1280x960. The driver
propagates the size to the scaler's source pad
format.</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>When satisfied with the try results, applications can set the active
formats by setting the <structfield>which</structfield> argument to
<constant>V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE</constant>. Active formats are changed
exactly as try formats by drivers. To avoid modifying the hardware state
during format negotiation, applications should negotiate try formats first
and then modify the active settings using the try formats returned during
the last negotiation iteration. This guarantees that the active format
will be applied as-is by the driver without being modified.
</para>
</section>
<section id="v4l2-subdev-selections">
<title>Selections: cropping, scaling and composition</title>
<para>Many sub-devices support cropping frames on their input or output
pads (or possible even on both). Cropping is used to select the area of
interest in an image, typically on an image sensor or a video decoder. It can
also be used as part of digital zoom implementations to select the area of
the image that will be scaled up.</para>
<para>Crop settings are defined by a crop rectangle and represented in a
&v4l2-rect; by the coordinates of the top left corner and the rectangle
size. Both the coordinates and sizes are expressed in pixels.</para>
<para>As for pad formats, drivers store try and active
rectangles for the selection targets <xref
linkend="v4l2-selections-common" />.</para>
<para>On sink pads, cropping is applied relative to the
current pad format. The pad format represents the image size as
received by the sub-device from the previous block in the
pipeline, and the crop rectangle represents the sub-image that
will be transmitted further inside the sub-device for
processing.</para>
<para>The scaling operation changes the size of the image by
scaling it to new dimensions. The scaling ratio isn't specified
explicitly, but is implied from the original and scaled image
sizes. Both sizes are represented by &v4l2-rect;.</para>
<para>Scaling support is optional. When supported by a subdev,
the crop rectangle on the subdev's sink pad is scaled to the
size configured using the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-SELECTION; IOCTL
using <constant>V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE</constant>
selection target on the same pad. If the subdev supports scaling
but not composing, the top and left values are not used and must
always be set to zero.</para>
<para>On source pads, cropping is similar to sink pads, with the
exception that the source size from which the cropping is
performed, is the COMPOSE rectangle on the sink pad. In both
sink and source pads, the crop rectangle must be entirely
contained inside the source image size for the crop
operation.</para>
<para>The drivers should always use the closest possible
rectangle the user requests on all selection targets, unless
specifically told otherwise.
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_GE</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_LE</constant> flags may be
used to round the image size either up or down. <xref
linkend="v4l2-selection-flags" /></para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Types of selection targets</title>
<section>
<title>Actual targets</title>
<para>Actual targets (without a postfix) reflect the actual
hardware configuration at any point of time. There is a BOUNDS
target corresponding to every actual target.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>BOUNDS targets</title>
<para>BOUNDS targets is the smallest rectangle that contains all
valid actual rectangles. It may not be possible to set the actual
rectangle as large as the BOUNDS rectangle, however. This may be
because e.g. a sensor's pixel array is not rectangular but
cross-shaped or round. The maximum size may also be smaller than the
BOUNDS rectangle.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Order of configuration and format propagation</title>
<para>Inside subdevs, the order of image processing steps will
always be from the sink pad towards the source pad. This is also
reflected in the order in which the configuration must be
performed by the user: the changes made will be propagated to
any subsequent stages. If this behaviour is not desired, the
user must set
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_KEEP_CONFIG</constant> flag. This
flag causes no propagation of the changes are allowed in any
circumstances. This may also cause the accessed rectangle to be
adjusted by the driver, depending on the properties of the
underlying hardware.</para>
<para>The coordinates to a step always refer to the actual size
of the previous step. The exception to this rule is the source
compose rectangle, which refers to the sink compose bounds
rectangle --- if it is supported by the hardware.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Sink pad format. The user configures the sink pad
format. This format defines the parameters of the image the
entity receives through the pad for further processing.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sink pad actual crop selection. The sink pad crop
defines the crop performed to the sink pad format.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sink pad actual compose selection. The size of the
sink pad compose rectangle defines the scaling ratio compared
to the size of the sink pad crop rectangle. The location of
the compose rectangle specifies the location of the actual
sink compose rectangle in the sink compose bounds
rectangle.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Source pad actual crop selection. Crop on the source
pad defines crop performed to the image in the sink compose
bounds rectangle.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Source pad format. The source pad format defines the
output pixel format of the subdev, as well as the other
parameters with the exception of the image width and height.
Width and height are defined by the size of the source pad
actual crop selection.</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>Accessing any of the above rectangles not supported by the
subdev will return <constant>EINVAL</constant>. Any rectangle
referring to a previous unsupported rectangle coordinates will
instead refer to the previous supported rectangle. For example,
if sink crop is not supported, the compose selection will refer
to the sink pad format dimensions instead.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-crop">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: simple crop example</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-crop.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>In the above example, the subdev supports cropping on its
sink pad. To configure it, the user sets the media bus format on
the subdev's sink pad. Now the actual crop rectangle can be set
on the sink pad --- the location and size of this rectangle
reflect the location and size of a rectangle to be cropped from
the sink format. The size of the sink crop rectangle will also
be the size of the format of the subdev's source pad.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-scaling-multi-source">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: scaling with multiple sources</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-scaling-multi-source.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>In this example, the subdev is capable of first cropping,
then scaling and finally cropping for two source pads
individually from the resulting scaled image. The location of
the scaled image in the cropped image is ignored in sink compose
target. Both of the locations of the source crop rectangles
refer to the sink scaling rectangle, independently cropping an
area at location specified by the source crop rectangle from
it.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-full">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: scaling and composition
with multiple sinks and sources</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-full.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>The subdev driver supports two sink pads and two source
pads. The images from both of the sink pads are individually
cropped, then scaled and further composed on the composition
bounds rectangle. From that, two independent streams are cropped
and sent out of the subdev from the source pads.</para>
</section>
</section>
&sub-subdev-formats;

29
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@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
<title>Teletext Interface</title>
<para>This interface was aimed at devices receiving and demodulating
Teletext data [<xref linkend="ets300706" />, <xref linkend="itu653" />], evaluating the
Teletext packages and storing formatted pages in cache memory. Such
devices are usually implemented as microcontrollers with serial
interface (I<superscript>2</superscript>C) and could be found on old
TV cards, dedicated Teletext decoding cards and home-brew devices
connected to the PC parallel port.</para>
<para>The Teletext API was designed by Martin Buck. It was defined in
the kernel header file <filename>linux/videotext.h</filename>, the
specification is available from <ulink url="ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/videotext/">
ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/videotext/</ulink>. (Videotext is the name of
the German public television Teletext service.)</para>
<para>Eventually the Teletext API was integrated into the V4L API
with character device file names <filename>/dev/vtx0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/vtx31</filename>, device major number 81, minor numbers
192 to 223.</para>
<para>However, teletext decoders were quickly replaced by more
generic VBI demodulators and those dedicated teletext decoders no longer exist.
For many years the vtx devices were still around, even though nobody used
them. So the decision was made to finally remove support for the Teletext API in
kernel 2.6.37.</para>
<para>Modern devices all use the <link linkend="raw-vbi">raw</link> or
<link linkend="sliced">sliced</link> VBI API.</para>

200
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@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
<title>V4L2 Driver Programming</title>
<!-- This part defines the interface between the "videodev"
module and individual drivers. -->
<para>to do</para>
<!--
<para>V4L2 is a two-layer driver system. The top layer is the "videodev"
kernel module. When videodev initializes it registers as character device
with major number 81, and it registers a set of file operations. All V4L2
drivers are really clients of videodev, which calls V4L2 drivers through
driver method functions. V4L2 drivers are also written as kernel modules.
After probing the hardware they register one or more devices with
videodev.</para>
<section id="driver-modules">
<title>Driver Modules</title>
<para>V4L2 driver modules must have an initialization function which is
called after the module was loaded into kernel, an exit function whis is
called before the module is removed. When the driver is compiled into the
kernel these functions called at system boot and shutdown time.</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;linux/module.h&gt;
/* Export information about this module. For details and other useful
macros see <filename>linux/module.h</filename>. */
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("my - driver for my hardware");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Your name here");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
static void
my_module_exit (void)
{
/* Free all resources allocated by my_module_init(). */
}
static int
my_module_init (void)
{
/* Bind the driver to the supported hardware, see
<link linkend="driver-pci"> and
<link linkend="driver-usb"> for examples. */
return 0; /* a negative value on error, 0 on success. */
}
/* Export module functions. */
module_init (my_module_init);
module_exit (my_module_exit);
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
<para>Users can add parameters when kernel modules are inserted:</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
include &lt;linux/moduleparam.h&gt;
static int my_option = 123;
static int my_option_array[47];
/* Export the symbol, an int, with access permissions 0664.
See <filename>linux/moduleparam.h</filename> for other types. */
module_param (my_option, int, 0644);
module_param_array (my_option_array, int, NULL, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC (my_option, "Does magic things, default 123");
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
<para>One parameter should be supported by all V4L2 drivers, the minor
number of the device it will register. Purpose is to predictably link V4L2
drivers to device nodes if more than one video device is installed. Use the
name of the device node followed by a "_nr" suffix, for example "video_nr"
for <filename>/dev/video</filename>.</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
/* Minor number of the device, -1 to allocate the first unused. */
static int video_nr = -1;
module_param (video_nr, int, 0444);
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</section>
<section id="driver-pci">
<title>PCI Devices</title>
<para>PCI devices are initialized like this:</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
/* State of one physical device. */
} my_device;
static int
my_resume (struct pci_dev * pci_dev)
{
/* Restore the suspended device to working state. */
}
static int
my_suspend (struct pci_dev * pci_dev,
pm_message_t state)
{
/* This function is called before the system goes to sleep.
Stop all DMAs and disable interrupts, then put the device
into a low power state. For details see the kernel
sources under <filename>Documentation/power</filename>. */
return 0; /* a negative value on error, 0 on success. */
}
static void
my_remove (struct pci_dev * pci_dev)
{
my_device *my = pci_get_drvdata (pci_dev);
/* Describe me. */
}
static int
my_probe (struct pci_dev * pci_dev,
const struct pci_device_id * pci_id)
{
my_device *my;
/* Describe me. */
/* You can allocate per-device data here and store a pointer
to it in the pci_dev structure. */
my = ...;
pci_set_drvdata (pci_dev, my);
return 0; /* a negative value on error, 0 on success. */
}
/* A list of supported PCI devices. */
static struct pci_device_id
my_pci_device_ids [] = {
{ PCI_VENDOR_ID_FOO, PCI_DEVICE_ID_BAR,
PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 },
{ 0 } /* end of list */
};
/* Load our module if supported PCI devices are installed. */
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (pci, my_pci_device_ids);
static struct pci_driver
my_pci_driver = {
.name = "my",
.id_table = my_pci_device_ids,
.probe = my_probe,
.remove = my_remove,
/* Power management functions. */
.suspend = my_suspend,
.resume = my_resume,
};
static void
my_module_exit (void)
{
pci_unregister_driver (&my_pci_driver);
}
static int
my_module_init (void)
{
return pci_register_driver (&my_pci_driver);
}
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</section>
<section id="driver-usb">
<title>USB Devices</title>
<para>to do</para>
</section>
<section id="driver-registering">
<title>Registering V4L2 Drivers</title>
<para>After a V4L2 driver probed the hardware it registers one or more
devices with the videodev module.</para>
</section>
<section id="driver-file-ops">
<title>File Operations</title>
<para>to do</para>
</section>
<section id="driver-internal-api">
<title>Internal API</title>
<para>to do</para>
</section>
-->

671
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View File

@ -1,671 +0,0 @@
<!--
The GNU Free Documentation License 1.1 in DocBook
Markup by Eric Baudais <baudais@okstate.edu>
Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project
http://live.gnome.org/DocumentationProject
Version: 1.0.1
Last Modified: Nov 16, 2000
-->
<appendix id="fdl">
<appendixinfo>
<releaseinfo>
Version 1.1, March 2000
</releaseinfo>
<copyright>
<year>2000</year><holder>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice id="fdl-legalnotice">
<para>
<address>Free Software Foundation, Inc. <street>59 Temple Place,
Suite 330</street>, <city>Boston</city>, <state>MA</state>
<postcode>02111-1307</postcode> <country>USA</country></address>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</appendixinfo>
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<sect1 id="fdl-preamble">
<title>0. PREAMBLE</title>
<para>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
other written document <quote>free</quote> in the sense of
freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and
redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.
</para>
<para>
This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which means
that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in
the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License,
which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
</para>
<para>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
free program should come with manuals providing the same
freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section1">
<title>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
<para id="fdl-document">
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. The
<quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to any such manual or
work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed
as <quote>you</quote>.
</para>
<para id="fdl-modified">
A <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work
containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
language.
</para>
<para id="fdl-secondary">
A <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a
front-matter section of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> that deals exclusively
with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within
that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.
</para>
<para id="fdl-invariant">
The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain <link
linkend="fdl-secondary"> Secondary Sections</link> whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this
License.
</para>
<para id="fdl-cover-texts">
The <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of
text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts,
in the notice that says that the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this
License.
</para>
<para id="fdl-transparent">
A <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the <link
linkend="fdl-document"> Document</link> means a machine-readable
copy, represented in a format whose specification is available
to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited
directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for
images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for
drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is
suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy
that is not <quote>Transparent</quote> is called
<quote>Opaque</quote>.
</para>
<para>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human
modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for
output purposes only.
</para>
<para id="fdl-title-page">
The <quote>Title Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the
title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to
hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in
the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title
page as such, <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the
most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
beginning of the body of the text.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section2">
<title>2. VERBATIM COPYING</title>
<para>
You may copy and distribute the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
must also follow the conditions in <link
linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link>.
</para>
<para>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
above, and you may publicly display copies.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section3">
<title>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
<para>
If you publish printed copies of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>, you must enclose
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also
clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
<link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and satisfy these
conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
respects.
</para>
<para>
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
adjacent pages.
</para>
<para>
If you publish or distribute <link
linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copies of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100,
you must either include a machine-readable <link
linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy along with
each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a
complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added
material, which the general network-using public has access to
download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network
protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the
public.
</para>
<para>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors
of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> well before
redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section4">
<title>4. MODIFICATIONS</title>
<para>
You may copy and distribute a <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the conditions of
sections <link linkend="fdl-section2">2</link> and <link
linkend="fdl-section3">3</link> above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version
to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
these things in the Modified Version:
</para>
<itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>A</title>
<para>
Use in the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
Page</link> (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, and from those of
previous versions (which should, if there were any, be
listed in the History section of the Document). You may
use the same title as a previous version if the original
publisher of that version gives permission.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>B</title>
<para>
List on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
Page</link>, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
<link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>,
together with at least five of the principal authors of
the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> (all of
its principal authors, if it has less than five).
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>C</title>
<para>
State on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
Page</link> the name of the publisher of the <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, as the
publisher.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>D</title>
<para>
Preserve all the copyright notices of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>E</title>
<para>
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>F</title>
<para>
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
license notice giving the public permission to use the
<link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> under
the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
Addendum below.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>G</title>
<para>
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of <link
linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> and
required <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover
Texts</link> given in the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document's</link> license notice.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>H</title>
<para>
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>I</title>
<para>
Preserve the section entitled <quote>History</quote>, and
its title, and add to it an item stating at least the
title, year, new authors, and publisher of the <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>as given on
the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>. If
there is no section entitled <quote>History</quote> in the
<link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
sentence.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>J</title>
<para>
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> for public access
to a <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link>
copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
given in the Document for previous versions it was based
on. These may be placed in the <quote>History</quote>
section. You may omit a network location for a work that
was published at least four years before the Document
itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
refers to gives permission.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>K</title>
<para>
In any section entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or
<quote>Dedications</quote>, preserve the section's title,
and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>L</title>
<para>
Preserve all the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Sections</link> of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, unaltered in their
text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>M</title>
<para>
Delete any section entitled
<quote>Endorsements</quote>. Such a section may not be
included in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
Version</link>.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>N</title>
<para>
Do not retitle any existing section as
<quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in title with
any <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Section</link>.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
If the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>
includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
<link linkend="fdl-secondary">Secondary Sections</link> and
contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your
option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To
do this, add their titles to the list of <link
linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> in the
Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be
distinct from any other section titles.
</para>
<para>
You may add a section entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>,
provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.
</para>
<para>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Text</link>, and a passage
of up to 25 words as a <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Text</link>, to the end of
the list of <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>
in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>.
Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text
may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
entity. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
publisher that added the old one.
</para>
<para>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section5">
<title>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
<para>
You may combine the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
with other documents released under this License, under the
terms defined in <link linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>
above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
combination all of the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Sections</link> of all of the original documents, unmodified,
and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in
its license notice.
</para>
<para>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License,
and multiple identical <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Sections</link> may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique
number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
work.
</para>
<para>
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
<quote>History</quote> in the various original documents,
forming one section entitled <quote>History</quote>; likewise
combine any sections entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,
and any sections entitled <quote>Dedications</quote>. You must
delete all sections entitled <quote>Endorsements.</quote>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section6">
<title>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
<para>
You may make a collection consisting of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies
of this License in the various documents with a single copy that
is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
documents in all other respects.
</para>
<para>
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you
insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
copying of that document.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section7">
<title>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
<para>
A compilation of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> or its derivatives with
other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole
count as a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed
for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an
<quote>aggregate</quote>, and this License does not apply to the
other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on
account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
derivative works of the Document. If the <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Text</link> requirement of <link
linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link> is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may
be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
aggregate.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section8">
<title>8. TRANSLATION</title>
<para>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the terms of <link
linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>. Replacing <link
linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> with
translations requires special permission from their copyright
holders, but you may include translations of some or all
Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this
License provided that you also include the original English
version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original English version of this License,
the original English version will prevail.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section9">
<title>9. TERMINATION</title>
<para>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> except as expressly
provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section10">
<title>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
<para>
The <ulink type="http"
url="http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software
Foundation</ulink> may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ
in detail to address new problems or concerns. See <ulink
type="http"
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
<quote>or any later version</quote> applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that
specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by
the Free Software Foundation.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-using">
<title>Addendum</title>
<para>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
</para>
<blockquote>
<para>
Copyright &copy; YEAR YOUR NAME.
</para>
<para>
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation; with the <link
linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> being LIST
THEIR TITLES, with the <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link> being LIST,
and with the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover
Texts</link> being LIST. A copy of the license is included in
the section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation
License</quote>.
</para>
</blockquote>
<para>
If you have no <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Sections</link>, write <quote>with no Invariant Sections</quote>
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
<link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link>, write
<quote>no Front-Cover Texts</quote> instead of
<quote>Front-Cover Texts being LIST</quote>; likewise for <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link>.
</para>
<para>
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code,
we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
choice of free software license, such as the <ulink type="http"
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"> GNU General Public
License</ulink>, to permit their use in free software.
</para>
</sect1>
</appendix>

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<refentry id="func-close">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 close()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-close</refname>
<refpurpose>Close a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>close</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Closes the device. Any I/O in progress is terminated and
resources associated with the file descriptor are freed. However data
format parameters, current input or output, control values or other
properties remain unchanged.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>The function returns <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> on
success, <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> on failure and the
<varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately. Possible error
codes:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid open file
descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="func-ioctl">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 ioctl()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-ioctl</refname>
<refpurpose>Program a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>V4L2 ioctl request code as defined in the <filename>videodev2.h</filename> header file, for example
VIDIOC_QUERYCAP.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Pointer to a function parameter, usually a structure.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The <function>ioctl()</function> function is used to program
V4L2 devices. The argument <parameter>fd</parameter> must be an open
file descriptor. An ioctl <parameter>request</parameter> has encoded
in it whether the argument is an input, output or read/write
parameter, and the size of the argument <parameter>argp</parameter> in
bytes. Macros and defines specifying V4L2 ioctl requests are located
in the <filename>videodev2.h</filename> header file.
Applications should use their own copy, not include the version in the
kernel sources on the system they compile on. All V4L2 ioctl requests,
their respective function and parameters are specified in <xref
linkend="user-func" />.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
<para>When an ioctl that takes an output or read/write parameter fails,
the parameter remains unmodified.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="func-mmap">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 mmap()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-mmap</refname>
<refpurpose>Map device memory into application address space</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/mman.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void *<function>mmap</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>start</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>size_t <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>prot</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>off_t <parameter>offset</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>start</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Map the buffer to this address in the
application's address space. When the <constant>MAP_FIXED</constant>
flag is specified, <parameter>start</parameter> must be a multiple of the
pagesize and mmap will fail when the specified address
cannot be used. Use of this option is discouraged; applications should
just specify a <constant>NULL</constant> pointer here.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>length</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Length of the memory area to map. This must be the
same value as returned by the driver in the &v4l2-buffer;
<structfield>length</structfield> field for the
single-planar API, and the same value as returned by the driver
in the &v4l2-plane; <structfield>length</structfield> field for the
multi-planar API.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>prot</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>prot</parameter> argument describes the
desired memory protection. Regardless of the device type and the
direction of data exchange it should be set to
<constant>PROT_READ</constant> | <constant>PROT_WRITE</constant>,
permitting read and write access to image buffers. Drivers should
support at least this combination of flags. Note the Linux
<filename>video-buf</filename> kernel module, which is used by the
bttv, saa7134, saa7146, cx88 and vivi driver supports only
<constant>PROT_READ</constant> | <constant>PROT_WRITE</constant>. When
the driver does not support the desired protection the
<function>mmap()</function> function fails.</para>
<para>Note device memory accesses (&eg; the memory on a
graphics card with video capturing hardware) may incur a performance
penalty compared to main memory accesses, or reads may be
significantly slower than writes or vice versa. Other I/O methods may
be more efficient in this case.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>flags</parameter> parameter
specifies the type of the mapped object, mapping options and whether
modifications made to the mapped copy of the page are private to the
process or are to be shared with other references.</para>
<para><constant>MAP_FIXED</constant> requests that the
driver selects no other address than the one specified. If the
specified address cannot be used, <function>mmap()</function> will fail. If
<constant>MAP_FIXED</constant> is specified,
<parameter>start</parameter> must be a multiple of the pagesize. Use
of this option is discouraged.</para>
<para>One of the <constant>MAP_SHARED</constant> or
<constant>MAP_PRIVATE</constant> flags must be set.
<constant>MAP_SHARED</constant> allows applications to share the
mapped memory with other (&eg; child-) processes. Note the Linux
<filename>video-buf</filename> module which is used by the bttv,
saa7134, saa7146, cx88 and vivi driver supports only
<constant>MAP_SHARED</constant>. <constant>MAP_PRIVATE</constant>
requests copy-on-write semantics. V4L2 applications should not set the
<constant>MAP_PRIVATE</constant>, <constant>MAP_DENYWRITE</constant>,
<constant>MAP_EXECUTABLE</constant> or <constant>MAP_ANON</constant>
flag.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>offset</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Offset of the buffer in device memory. This must be the
same value as returned by the driver in the &v4l2-buffer;
<structfield>m</structfield> union <structfield>offset</structfield> field for
the single-planar API, and the same value as returned by the driver
in the &v4l2-plane; <structfield>m</structfield> union
<structfield>mem_offset</structfield> field for the multi-planar API.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The <function>mmap()</function> function asks to map
<parameter>length</parameter> bytes starting at
<parameter>offset</parameter> in the memory of the device specified by
<parameter>fd</parameter> into the application address space,
preferably at address <parameter>start</parameter>. This latter
address is a hint only, and is usually specified as 0.</para>
<para>Suitable length and offset parameters are queried with the
&VIDIOC-QUERYBUF; ioctl. Buffers must be allocated with the
&VIDIOC-REQBUFS; ioctl before they can be queried.</para>
<para>To unmap buffers the &func-munmap; function is used.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success <function>mmap()</function> returns a pointer to
the mapped buffer. On error <constant>MAP_FAILED</constant> (-1) is
returned, and the <varname>errno</varname> variable is set
appropriately. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid file
descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is
not open for reading and writing.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>start</parameter> or
<parameter>length</parameter> or <parameter>offset</parameter> are not
suitable. (E.&nbsp;g. they are too large, or not aligned on a
<constant>PAGESIZE</constant> boundary.)</para>
<para>The <parameter>flags</parameter> or
<parameter>prot</parameter> value is not supported.</para>
<para>No buffers have been allocated with the
&VIDIOC-REQBUFS; ioctl.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Not enough physical or virtual memory was available to
complete the request.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="func-munmap">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 munmap()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-munmap</refname>
<refpurpose>Unmap device memory</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/mman.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>munmap</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>start</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>size_t <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>start</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Address of the mapped buffer as returned by the
&func-mmap; function.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>length</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Length of the mapped buffer. This must be the same
value as given to <function>mmap()</function> and returned by the
driver in the &v4l2-buffer; <structfield>length</structfield>
field for the single-planar API and in the &v4l2-plane;
<structfield>length</structfield> field for the multi-planar API.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Unmaps a previously with the &func-mmap; function mapped
buffer and frees it, if possible. <!-- ? This function (not freeing)
has no impact on I/O in progress, specifically it does not imply
&VIDIOC-STREAMOFF; to terminate I/O. Unmapped buffers can still be
enqueued, dequeued or queried, they are just not accessible by the
application.--></para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success <function>munmap()</function> returns 0, on
failure -1 and the <varname>errno</varname> variable is set
appropriately:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>start</parameter> or
<parameter>length</parameter> is incorrect, or no buffers have been
mapped yet.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="func-open">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 open()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-open</refname>
<refpurpose>Open a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>open</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>device_name</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>device_name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Device to be opened.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Open flags. Access mode must be
<constant>O_RDWR</constant>. This is just a technicality, input devices
still support only reading and output devices only writing.</para>
<para>When the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag is
given, the read() function and the &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl will return
the &EAGAIN; when no data is available or no buffer is in the driver
outgoing queue, otherwise these functions block until data becomes
available. All V4L2 drivers exchanging data with applications must
support the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag.</para>
<para>Other flags have no effect.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>To open a V4L2 device applications call
<function>open()</function> with the desired device name. This
function has no side effects; all data format parameters, current
input or output, control values or other properties remain unchanged.
At the first <function>open()</function> call after loading the driver
they will be reset to default values, drivers are never in an
undefined state.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success <function>open</function> returns the new file
descriptor. On error -1 is returned, and the <varname>errno</varname>
variable is set appropriately. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The caller has no permission to access the
device.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple opens and the
device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENXIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>No device corresponding to this device special file
exists.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Not enough kernel memory was available to complete the
request.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EMFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The process already has the maximum number of
files open.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The limit on the total number of files open on the
system has been reached.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="func-poll">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 poll()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-poll</refname>
<refpurpose>Wait for some event on a file descriptor</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;sys/poll.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>poll</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>struct pollfd *<parameter>ufds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int <parameter>nfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>timeout</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>With the <function>poll()</function> function applications
can suspend execution until the driver has captured data or is ready
to accept data for output.</para>
<para>When streaming I/O has been negotiated this function waits
until a buffer has been filled by the capture device and can be dequeued
with the &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl. For output devices this function waits
until the device is ready to accept a new buffer to be queued up with
the &VIDIOC-QBUF; ioctl for display. When buffers are already in the outgoing
queue of the driver (capture) or the incoming queue isn't full (display)
the function returns immediately.</para>
<para>On success <function>poll()</function> returns the number of
file descriptors that have been selected (that is, file descriptors
for which the <structfield>revents</structfield> field of the
respective <structname>pollfd</structname> structure is non-zero).
Capture devices set the <constant>POLLIN</constant> and
<constant>POLLRDNORM</constant> flags in the
<structfield>revents</structfield> field, output devices the
<constant>POLLOUT</constant> and <constant>POLLWRNORM</constant>
flags. When the function timed out it returns a value of zero, on
failure it returns <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> and the
<varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately. When the
application did not call &VIDIOC-STREAMON; the
<function>poll()</function> function succeeds, but sets the
<constant>POLLERR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>revents</structfield> field. When the
application has called &VIDIOC-STREAMON; for a capture device but hasn't
yet called &VIDIOC-QBUF;, the <function>poll()</function> function
succeeds and sets the <constant>POLLERR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>revents</structfield> field. For output devices this
same situation will cause <function>poll()</function> to succeed
as well, but it sets the <constant>POLLOUT</constant> and
<constant>POLLWRNORM</constant> flags in the <structfield>revents</structfield>
field.</para>
<para>If an event occurred (see &VIDIOC-DQEVENT;) then
<constant>POLLPRI</constant> will be set in the <structfield>revents</structfield>
field and <function>poll()</function> will return.</para>
<para>When use of the <function>read()</function> function has
been negotiated and the driver does not capture yet, the
<function>poll</function> function starts capturing. When that fails
it returns a <constant>POLLERR</constant> as above. Otherwise it waits
until data has been captured and can be read. When the driver captures
continuously (as opposed to, for example, still images) the function
may return immediately.</para>
<para>When use of the <function>write()</function> function has
been negotiated and the driver does not stream yet, the
<function>poll</function> function starts streaming. When that fails
it returns a <constant>POLLERR</constant> as above. Otherwise it waits
until the driver is ready for a non-blocking
<function>write()</function> call.</para>
<para>If the caller is only interested in events (just
<constant>POLLPRI</constant> is set in the <structfield>events</structfield>
field), then <function>poll()</function> will <emphasis>not</emphasis>
start streaming if the driver does not stream yet. This makes it
possible to just poll for events and not for buffers.</para>
<para>All drivers implementing the <function>read()</function> or
<function>write()</function> function or streaming I/O must also
support the <function>poll()</function> function.</para>
<para>For more details see the
<function>poll()</function> manual page.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, <function>poll()</function> returns the number
structures which have non-zero <structfield>revents</structfield>
fields, or zero if the call timed out. On error
<returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> is returned, and the
<varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>One or more of the <parameter>ufds</parameter> members
specify an invalid file descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple read or write
streams and the device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>ufds</parameter> references an inaccessible
memory area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>nfds</parameter> argument is greater
than <constant>OPEN_MAX</constant>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="func-read">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 read()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-read</refname>
<refpurpose>Read from a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>ssize_t <function>read</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>buf</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>size_t <parameter>count</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>buf</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>count</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><function>read()</function> attempts to read up to
<parameter>count</parameter> bytes from file descriptor
<parameter>fd</parameter> into the buffer starting at
<parameter>buf</parameter>. The layout of the data in the buffer is
discussed in the respective device interface section, see ##. If <parameter>count</parameter> is zero,
<function>read()</function> returns zero and has no other results. If
<parameter>count</parameter> is greater than
<constant>SSIZE_MAX</constant>, the result is unspecified. Regardless
of the <parameter>count</parameter> value each
<function>read()</function> call will provide at most one frame (two
fields) worth of data.</para>
<para>By default <function>read()</function> blocks until data
becomes available. When the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag was
given to the &func-open; function it
returns immediately with an &EAGAIN; when no data is available. The
&func-select; or &func-poll; functions
can always be used to suspend execution until data becomes available. All
drivers supporting the <function>read()</function> function must also
support <function>select()</function> and
<function>poll()</function>.</para>
<para>Drivers can implement read functionality in different
ways, using a single or multiple buffers and discarding the oldest or
newest frames once the internal buffers are filled.</para>
<para><function>read()</function> never returns a "snapshot" of a
buffer being filled. Using a single buffer the driver will stop
capturing when the application starts reading the buffer until the
read is finished. Thus only the period of the vertical blanking
interval is available for reading, or the capture rate must fall below
the nominal frame rate of the video standard.</para>
<para>The behavior of
<function>read()</function> when called during the active picture
period or the vertical blanking separating the top and bottom field
depends on the discarding policy. A driver discarding the oldest
frames keeps capturing into an internal buffer, continuously
overwriting the previously, not read frame, and returns the frame
being received at the time of the <function>read()</function> call as
soon as it is complete.</para>
<para>A driver discarding the newest frames stops capturing until
the next <function>read()</function> call. The frame being received at
<function>read()</function> time is discarded, returning the following
frame instead. Again this implies a reduction of the capture rate to
one half or less of the nominal frame rate. An example of this model
is the video read mode of the bttv driver, initiating a DMA to user
memory when <function>read()</function> is called and returning when
the DMA finished.</para>
<para>In the multiple buffer model drivers maintain a ring of
internal buffers, automatically advancing to the next free buffer.
This allows continuous capturing when the application can empty the
buffers fast enough. Again, the behavior when the driver runs out of
free buffers depends on the discarding policy.</para>
<para>Applications can get and set the number of buffers used
internally by the driver with the &VIDIOC-G-PARM; and &VIDIOC-S-PARM;
ioctls. They are optional, however. The discarding policy is not
reported and cannot be changed. For minimum requirements see <xref
linkend="devices" />.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, the number of bytes read is returned. It is not
an error if this number is smaller than the number of bytes requested,
or the amount of data required for one frame. This may happen for
example because <function>read()</function> was interrupted by a
signal. On error, -1 is returned, and the <varname>errno</varname>
variable is set appropriately. In this case the next read will start
at the beginning of a new frame. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EAGAIN</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Non-blocking I/O has been selected using
O_NONBLOCK and no data was immediately available for reading.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid file
descriptor or is not open for reading, or the process already has the
maximum number of files open.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple read streams and the
device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>buf</parameter> references an inaccessible
memory area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal before any
data was read.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>I/O error. This indicates some hardware problem or a
failure to communicate with a remote device (USB camera etc.).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <function>read()</function> function is not
supported by this driver, not on this device, or generally not on this
type of device.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="func-select">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 select()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-select</refname>
<refpurpose>Synchronous I/O multiplexing</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>
#include &lt;sys/time.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>select</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>nfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>fd_set *<parameter>readfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>fd_set *<parameter>writefds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>fd_set *<parameter>exceptfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct timeval *<parameter>timeout</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>With the <function>select()</function> function applications
can suspend execution until the driver has captured data or is ready
to accept data for output.</para>
<para>When streaming I/O has been negotiated this function waits
until a buffer has been filled or displayed and can be dequeued with
the &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl. When buffers are already in the outgoing
queue of the driver the function returns immediately.</para>
<para>On success <function>select()</function> returns the total
number of bits set in the <structname>fd_set</structname>s. When the
function timed out it returns a value of zero. On failure it returns
<returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> and the <varname>errno</varname>
variable is set appropriately. When the application did not call
&VIDIOC-QBUF; or &VIDIOC-STREAMON; yet the
<function>select()</function> function succeeds, setting the bit of
the file descriptor in <parameter>readfds</parameter> or
<parameter>writefds</parameter>, but subsequent &VIDIOC-DQBUF; calls
will fail.<footnote><para>The Linux kernel implements
<function>select()</function> like the &func-poll; function, but
<function>select()</function> cannot return a
<constant>POLLERR</constant>.</para>
</footnote></para>
<para>When use of the <function>read()</function> function has
been negotiated and the driver does not capture yet, the
<function>select()</function> function starts capturing. When that
fails, <function>select()</function> returns successful and a
subsequent <function>read()</function> call, which also attempts to
start capturing, will return an appropriate error code. When the
driver captures continuously (as opposed to, for example, still
images) and data is already available the
<function>select()</function> function returns immediately.</para>
<para>When use of the <function>write()</function> function has
been negotiated the <function>select()</function> function just waits
until the driver is ready for a non-blocking
<function>write()</function> call.</para>
<para>All drivers implementing the <function>read()</function> or
<function>write()</function> function or streaming I/O must also
support the <function>select()</function> function.</para>
<para>For more details see the <function>select()</function>
manual page.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, <function>select()</function> returns the number
of descriptors contained in the three returned descriptor sets, which
will be zero if the timeout expired. On error
<returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> is returned, and the
<varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately; the sets and
<parameter>timeout</parameter> are undefined. Possible error codes
are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>One or more of the file descriptor sets specified a
file descriptor that is not open.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple read or write
streams and the device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>readfds</parameter>,
<parameter>writefds</parameter>, <parameter>exceptfds</parameter> or
<parameter>timeout</parameter> pointer references an inaccessible memory
area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>nfds</parameter> argument is less than
zero or greater than <constant>FD_SETSIZE</constant>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="func-write">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 write()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-write</refname>
<refpurpose>Write to a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>ssize_t <function>write</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>buf</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>size_t <parameter>count</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>buf</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>count</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><function>write()</function> writes up to
<parameter>count</parameter> bytes to the device referenced by the
file descriptor <parameter>fd</parameter> from the buffer starting at
<parameter>buf</parameter>. When the hardware outputs are not active
yet, this function enables them. When <parameter>count</parameter> is
zero, <function>write()</function> returns
<returnvalue>0</returnvalue> without any other effect.</para>
<para>When the application does not provide more data in time, the
previous video frame, raw VBI image, sliced VPS or WSS data is
displayed again. Sliced Teletext or Closed Caption data is not
repeated, the driver inserts a blank line instead.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, the number of bytes written are returned. Zero
indicates nothing was written. On error, <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue>
is returned, and the <varname>errno</varname> variable is set
appropriately. In this case the next write will start at the beginning
of a new frame. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EAGAIN</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Non-blocking I/O has been selected using the <link
linkend="func-open"><constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant></link> flag and no
buffer space was available to write the data immediately.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid file
descriptor or is not open for writing.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple write streams and the
device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>buf</parameter> references an inaccessible
memory area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal before any
data was written.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>I/O error. This indicates some hardware problem.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <function>write()</function> function is not
supported by this driver, not on this device, or generally not on this
type of device.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<title>Generic Error Codes</title>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="gen-errors">
<title>Generic error codes</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<!-- Keep it ordered alphabetically -->
<row>
<entry>EAGAIN (aka EWOULDBLOCK)</entry>
<entry>The ioctl can't be handled because the device is in state where
it can't perform it. This could happen for example in case where
device is sleeping and ioctl is performed to query statistics.
It is also returned when the ioctl would need to wait
for an event, but the device was opened in non-blocking mode.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EBADF</entry>
<entry>The file descriptor is not a valid.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EBUSY</entry>
<entry>The ioctl can't be handled because the device is busy. This is
typically return while device is streaming, and an ioctl tried to
change something that would affect the stream, or would require the
usage of a hardware resource that was already allocated. The ioctl
must not be retried without performing another action to fix the
problem first (typically: stop the stream before retrying).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EFAULT</entry>
<entry>There was a failure while copying data from/to userspace,
probably caused by an invalid pointer reference.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EINVAL</entry>
<entry>One or more of the ioctl parameters are invalid or out of the
allowed range. This is a widely used error code. See the individual
ioctl requests for specific causes.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ENODEV</entry>
<entry>Device not found or was removed.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ENOMEM</entry>
<entry>There's not enough memory to handle the desired operation.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ENOTTY</entry>
<entry>The ioctl is not supported by the driver, actually meaning that
the required functionality is not available, or the file
descriptor is not for a media device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ENOSPC</entry>
<entry>On USB devices, the stream ioctl's can return this error, meaning
that this request would overcommit the usb bandwidth reserved
for periodic transfers (up to 80% of the USB bandwidth).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EPERM</entry>
<entry>Permission denied. Can be returned if the device needs write
permission, or some special capabilities is needed
(e. g. root)</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Note 1: ioctls may return other error codes. Since errors may have side
effects such as a driver reset, applications should abort on unexpected errors.
</para>
<para>Note 2: Request-specific error codes are listed in the individual
requests descriptions.</para>

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<programlisting>
/* keytable.c - This program allows checking/replacing keys at IR
Copyright (C) 2006-2009 Mauro Carvalho Chehab &lt;mchehab@infradead.org&gt;
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the License.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
*/
#include &lt;ctype.h&gt;
#include &lt;errno.h&gt;
#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;linux/input.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;
#include "parse.h"
void prtcode (int *codes)
{
struct parse_key *p;
for (p=keynames;p-&gt;name!=NULL;p++) {
if (p-&gt;value == (unsigned)codes[1]) {
printf("scancode 0x%04x = %s (0x%02x)\n", codes[0], p-&gt;name, codes[1]);
return;
}
}
if (isprint (codes[1]))
printf("scancode %d = '%c' (0x%02x)\n", codes[0], codes[1], codes[1]);
else
printf("scancode %d = 0x%02x\n", codes[0], codes[1]);
}
int parse_code(char *string)
{
struct parse_key *p;
for (p=keynames;p-&gt;name!=NULL;p++) {
if (!strcasecmp(p-&gt;name, string)) {
return p-&gt;value;
}
}
return -1;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd;
unsigned int i, j;
int codes[2];
if (argc&lt;2 || argc&gt;4) {
printf ("usage: %s &lt;device&gt; to get table; or\n"
" %s &lt;device&gt; &lt;scancode&gt; &lt;keycode&gt;\n"
" %s &lt;device&gt; &lt;keycode_file&gt;\n",*argv,*argv,*argv);
return -1;
}
if ((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) &lt; 0) {
perror("Couldn't open input device");
return(-1);
}
if (argc==4) {
int value;
value=parse_code(argv[3]);
if (value==-1) {
value = strtol(argv[3], NULL, 0);
if (errno)
perror("value");
}
codes [0] = (unsigned) strtol(argv[2], NULL, 0);
codes [1] = (unsigned) value;
if(ioctl(fd, EVIOCSKEYCODE, codes))
perror ("EVIOCSKEYCODE");
if(ioctl(fd, EVIOCGKEYCODE, codes)==0)
prtcode(codes);
return 0;
}
if (argc==3) {
FILE *fin;
int value;
char *scancode, *keycode, s[2048];
fin=fopen(argv[2],"r");
if (fin==NULL) {
perror ("opening keycode file");
return -1;
}
/* Clears old table */
for (j = 0; j &lt; 256; j++) {
for (i = 0; i &lt; 256; i++) {
codes[0] = (j &lt;&lt; 8) | i;
codes[1] = KEY_RESERVED;
ioctl(fd, EVIOCSKEYCODE, codes);
}
}
while (fgets(s,sizeof(s),fin)) {
scancode=strtok(s,"\n\t =:");
if (!scancode) {
perror ("parsing input file scancode");
return -1;
}
if (!strcasecmp(scancode, "scancode")) {
scancode = strtok(NULL,"\n\t =:");
if (!scancode) {
perror ("parsing input file scancode");
return -1;
}
}
keycode=strtok(NULL,"\n\t =:(");
if (!keycode) {
perror ("parsing input file keycode");
return -1;
}
// printf ("parsing %s=%s:", scancode, keycode);
value=parse_code(keycode);
// printf ("\tvalue=%d\n",value);
if (value==-1) {
value = strtol(keycode, NULL, 0);
if (errno)
perror("value");
}
codes [0] = (unsigned) strtol(scancode, NULL, 0);
codes [1] = (unsigned) value;
// printf("\t%04x=%04x\n",codes[0], codes[1]);
if(ioctl(fd, EVIOCSKEYCODE, codes)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Setting scancode 0x%04x with 0x%04x via ",codes[0], codes[1]);
perror ("EVIOCSKEYCODE");
}
if(ioctl(fd, EVIOCGKEYCODE, codes)==0)
prtcode(codes);
}
return 0;
}
/* Get scancode table */
for (j = 0; j &lt; 256; j++) {
for (i = 0; i &lt; 256; i++) {
codes[0] = (j &lt;&lt; 8) | i;
if (!ioctl(fd, EVIOCGKEYCODE, codes) &amp;&amp; codes[1] != KEY_RESERVED)
prtcode(codes);
}
}
return 0;
}
</programlisting>

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<title>Libv4l Userspace Library</title>
<section id="libv4l-introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>libv4l is a collection of libraries which adds a thin abstraction
layer on top of video4linux2 devices. The purpose of this (thin) layer
is to make it easy for application writers to support a wide variety of
devices without having to write separate code for different devices in the
same class.</para>
<para>An example of using libv4l is provided by
<link linkend='v4l2grab-example'>v4l2grab</link>.
</para>
<para>libv4l consists of 3 different libraries:</para>
<section>
<title>libv4lconvert</title>
<para>libv4lconvert is a library that converts several
different pixelformats found in V4L2 drivers into a few common RGB and
YUY formats.</para>
<para>It currently accepts the following V4L2 driver formats:
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-HM12"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_HM12</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-JPEG"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-MJPEG"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-MR97310A"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_MR97310A</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-OV511"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV511</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-OV518"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV518</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-PAC207"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAC207</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-PJPG"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_PJPG</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SBGGR8"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SGBRG8"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SGRBG8"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG8</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SN9C10X"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C10X</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SN9C20X-I420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C20X_I420</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA501"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA501</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA505"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA505</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA508"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA508</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA561"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA561</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SQ905C"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SQ905C</constant></link>,
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB8</constant>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-UYVY"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUYV"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVU420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</constant></link>,
and <link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVYU"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU</constant></link>.
</para>
<para>Later on libv4lconvert was expanded to also be able to do
various video processing functions to improve webcam video quality.
The video processing is split in to 2 parts: libv4lconvert/control and
libv4lconvert/processing.</para>
<para>The control part is used to offer video controls which can
be used to control the video processing functions made available by
libv4lconvert/processing. These controls are stored application wide
(until reboot) by using a persistent shared memory object.</para>
<para>libv4lconvert/processing offers the actual video
processing functionality.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>libv4l1</title>
<para>This library offers functions that can be used to quickly
make v4l1 applications work with v4l2 devices. These functions work exactly
like the normal open/close/etc, except that libv4l1 does full emulation of
the v4l1 api on top of v4l2 drivers, in case of v4l1 drivers it
will just pass calls through.</para>
<para>Since those functions are emulations of the old V4L1 API,
it shouldn't be used for new applications.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>libv4l2</title>
<para>This library should be used for all modern V4L2
applications.</para>
<para>It provides handles to call V4L2 open/ioctl/close/poll
methods. Instead of just providing the raw output of the device, it enhances
the calls in the sense that it will use libv4lconvert to provide more video
formats and to enhance the image quality.</para>
<para>In most cases, libv4l2 just passes the calls directly
through to the v4l2 driver, intercepting the calls to
<link linkend='vidioc-g-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant></link>,
<link linkend='vidioc-g-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant></link>
<link linkend='vidioc-g-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant></link>
<link linkend='vidioc-enum-framesizes'><constant>VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES</constant></link>
and <link linkend='vidioc-enum-frameintervals'><constant>VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS</constant></link>
in order to emulate the formats
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420</constant></link>,
and <link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVU420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</constant></link>,
if they aren't available in the driver.
<link linkend='vidioc-enum-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT</constant></link>
keeps enumerating the hardware supported formats, plus the emulated formats
offered by libv4l at the end.
</para>
<section id="libv4l-ops">
<title>Libv4l device control functions</title>
<para>The common file operation methods are provided by
libv4l.</para>
<para>Those functions operate just like glibc
open/close/dup/ioctl/read/mmap/munmap:</para>
<itemizedlist><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_open(const char *file, int oflag,
...) -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-open'>open()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_close(int fd) -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-close'>close()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_dup(int fd) -
operates like the standard dup() function, duplicating a file handler.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_ioctl (int fd, unsigned long int request, ...) -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-ioctl'>ioctl()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_read (int fd, void* buffer, size_t n) -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-read'>read()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>void v4l2_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, int64_t offset); -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-mmap'>mmap()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_munmap(void *_start, size_t length); -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-munmap'>munmap()</link> function.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Those functions provide additional control:</para>
<itemizedlist><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_fd_open(int fd, int v4l2_flags) -
opens an already opened fd for further use through v4l2lib and possibly
modify libv4l2's default behavior through the v4l2_flags argument.
Currently, v4l2_flags can be <constant>V4L2_DISABLE_CONVERSION</constant>,
to disable format conversion.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_set_control(int fd, int cid, int value) -
This function takes a value of 0 - 65535, and then scales that range to
the actual range of the given v4l control id, and then if the cid exists
and is not locked sets the cid to the scaled value.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_get_control(int fd, int cid) -
This function returns a value of 0 - 65535, scaled to from the actual range
of the given v4l control id. when the cid does not exist, could not be
accessed for some reason, or some error occurred 0 is returned.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>v4l1compat.so wrapper library</title>
<para>This library intercepts calls to
open/close/ioctl/mmap/mmunmap operations and redirects them to the libv4l
counterparts, by using LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/v4l1compat.so. It also
emulates V4L1 calls via V4L2 API.</para>
<para>It allows usage of binary legacy applications that
still don't use libv4l.</para>
</section>
</section>

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<section id="lirc_dev">
<title>LIRC Device Interface</title>
<section id="lirc_dev_intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>The LIRC device interface is a bi-directional interface for
transporting raw IR data between userspace and kernelspace. Fundamentally,
it is just a chardev (/dev/lircX, for X = 0, 1, 2, ...), with a number
of standard struct file_operations defined on it. With respect to
transporting raw IR data to and fro, the essential fops are read, write
and ioctl.</para>
<para>Example dmesg output upon a driver registering w/LIRC:</para>
<blockquote>
<para>$ dmesg |grep lirc_dev</para>
<para>lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 248</para>
<para>rc rc0: lirc_dev: driver ir-lirc-codec (mceusb) registered at minor = 0</para>
</blockquote>
<para>What you should see for a chardev:</para>
<blockquote>
<para>$ ls -l /dev/lirc*</para>
<para>crw-rw---- 1 root root 248, 0 Jul 2 22:20 /dev/lirc0</para>
</blockquote>
</section>
<section id="lirc_read">
<title>LIRC read fop</title>
<para>The lircd userspace daemon reads raw IR data from the LIRC chardev. The
exact format of the data depends on what modes a driver supports, and what
mode has been selected. lircd obtains supported modes and sets the active mode
via the ioctl interface, detailed at <xref linkend="lirc_ioctl"/>. The generally
preferred mode is LIRC_MODE_MODE2, in which packets containing an int value
describing an IR signal are read from the chardev.</para>
<para>See also <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org/html/technical.html">http://www.lirc.org/html/technical.html</ulink> for more info.</para>
</section>
<section id="lirc_write">
<title>LIRC write fop</title>
<para>The data written to the chardev is a pulse/space sequence of integer
values. Pulses and spaces are only marked implicitly by their position. The
data must start and end with a pulse, therefore, the data must always include
an uneven number of samples. The write function must block until the data has
been transmitted by the hardware. If more data is provided than the hardware
can send, the driver returns EINVAL.</para>
</section>
<section id="lirc_ioctl">
<title>LIRC ioctl fop</title>
<para>The LIRC device's ioctl definition is bound by the ioctl function
definition of struct file_operations, leaving us with an unsigned int
for the ioctl command and an unsigned long for the arg. For the purposes
of ioctl portability across 32-bit and 64-bit, these values are capped
to their 32-bit sizes.</para>
<para>The following ioctls can be used to change specific hardware settings.
In general each driver should have a default set of settings. The driver
implementation is expected to re-apply the default settings when the device
is closed by user-space, so that every application opening the device can rely
on working with the default settings initially.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_FEATURES</term>
<listitem>
<para>Obviously, get the underlying hardware device's features. If a driver
does not announce support of certain features, calling of the corresponding
ioctls is undefined.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_SEND_MODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get supported transmit mode. Only LIRC_MODE_PULSE is supported by lircd.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_REC_MODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get supported receive modes. Only LIRC_MODE_MODE2 and LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE
are supported by lircd.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_SEND_CARRIER</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get carrier frequency (in Hz) currently used for transmit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_REC_CARRIER</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get carrier frequency (in Hz) currently used for IR reception.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_{G,S}ET_{SEND,REC}_DUTY_CYCLE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get/set the duty cycle (from 0 to 100) of the carrier signal. Currently,
no special meaning is defined for 0 or 100, but this could be used to switch
off carrier generation in the future, so these values should be reserved.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_REC_RESOLUTION</term>
<listitem>
<para>Some receiver have maximum resolution which is defined by internal
sample rate or data format limitations. E.g. it's common that signals can
only be reported in 50 microsecond steps. This integer value is used by
lircd to automatically adjust the steps tolerance value in the lircd
config file.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_M{IN,AX}_TIMEOUT</term>
<listitem>
<para>Some devices have internal timers that can be used to detect when
there's no IR activity for a long time. This can help lircd in detecting
that a IR signal is finished and can speed up the decoding process.
Returns an integer value with the minimum/maximum timeout that can be
set. Some devices have a fixed timeout, in that case both ioctls will
return the same value even though the timeout cannot be changed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_M{IN,AX}_FILTER_{PULSE,SPACE}</term>
<listitem>
<para>Some devices are able to filter out spikes in the incoming signal
using given filter rules. These ioctls return the hardware capabilities
that describe the bounds of the possible filters. Filter settings depend
on the IR protocols that are expected. lircd derives the settings from
all protocols definitions found in its config file.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_LENGTH</term>
<listitem>
<para>Retrieves the code length in bits (only for LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE).
Reads on the device must be done in blocks matching the bit count.
The bit could should be rounded up so that it matches full bytes.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_{SEND,REC}_MODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Set send/receive mode. Largely obsolete for send, as only
LIRC_MODE_PULSE is supported.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_{SEND,REC}_CARRIER</term>
<listitem>
<para>Set send/receive carrier (in Hz). Return 0 on success.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_TRANSMITTER_MASK</term>
<listitem>
<para>This enables the given set of transmitters. The first transmitter
is encoded by the least significant bit, etc. When an invalid bit mask
is given, i.e. a bit is set, even though the device does not have so many
transitters, then this ioctl returns the number of available transitters
and does nothing otherwise.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT</term>
<listitem>
<para>Sets the integer value for IR inactivity timeout (cf.
LIRC_GET_MIN_TIMEOUT and LIRC_GET_MAX_TIMEOUT). A value of 0 (if
supported by the hardware) disables all hardware timeouts and data should
be reported as soon as possible. If the exact value cannot be set, then
the next possible value _greater_ than the given value should be set.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT_REPORTS</term>
<listitem>
<para>Enable (1) or disable (0) timeout reports in LIRC_MODE_MODE2. By
default, timeout reports should be turned off.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_REC_FILTER_{,PULSE,SPACE}</term>
<listitem>
<para>Pulses/spaces shorter than this are filtered out by hardware. If
filters cannot be set independently for pulse/space, the corresponding
ioctls must return an error and LIRC_SET_REC_FILTER shall be used instead.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_MEASURE_CARRIER_MODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Enable (1)/disable (0) measure mode. If enabled, from the next key
press on, the driver will send LIRC_MODE2_FREQUENCY packets. By default
this should be turned off.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_REC_{DUTY_CYCLE,CARRIER}_RANGE</term>
<listitem>
<para>To set a range use LIRC_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE/LIRC_SET_REC_CARRIER_RANGE
with the lower bound first and later LIRC_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE/LIRC_SET_REC_CARRIER
with the upper bound.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_NOTIFY_DECODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>This ioctl is called by lircd whenever a successful decoding of an
incoming IR signal could be done. This can be used by supporting hardware
to give visual feedback to the user e.g. by flashing a LED.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SETUP_{START,END}</term>
<listitem>
<para>Setting of several driver parameters can be optimized by encapsulating
the according ioctl calls with LIRC_SETUP_START/LIRC_SETUP_END. When a
driver receives a LIRC_SETUP_START ioctl it can choose to not commit
further setting changes to the hardware until a LIRC_SETUP_END is received.
But this is open to the driver implementation and every driver must also
handle parameter changes which are not encapsulated by LIRC_SETUP_START
and LIRC_SETUP_END. Drivers can also choose to ignore these ioctls.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_WIDEBAND_RECEIVER</term>
<listitem>
<para>Some receivers are equipped with special wide band receiver which is intended
to be used to learn output of existing remote.
Calling that ioctl with (1) will enable it, and with (0) disable it.
This might be useful of receivers that have otherwise narrow band receiver
that prevents them to be used with some remotes.
Wide band receiver might also be more precise
On the other hand its disadvantage it usually reduced range of reception.
Note: wide band receiver might be implictly enabled if you enable
carrier reports. In that case it will be disabled as soon as you disable
carrier reports. Trying to disable wide band receiver while carrier
reports are active will do nothing.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<section id="lirc_dev_errors">
&return-value;
</section>
</section>
</section>

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<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Laurent</firstname>
<surname>Pinchart</surname>
<affiliation><address><email>laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Initial version.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2010</year>
<holder>Laurent Pinchart</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2010-11-10</date>
<authorinitials>lp</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>Media Controller API</title>
<chapter id="media_controller">
<title>Media Controller</title>
<section id="media-controller-intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>Media devices increasingly handle multiple related functions. Many USB
cameras include microphones, video capture hardware can also output video,
or SoC camera interfaces also perform memory-to-memory operations similar to
video codecs.</para>
<para>Independent functions, even when implemented in the same hardware, can
be modelled as separate devices. A USB camera with a microphone will be
presented to userspace applications as V4L2 and ALSA capture devices. The
devices' relationships (when using a webcam, end-users shouldn't have to
manually select the associated USB microphone), while not made available
directly to applications by the drivers, can usually be retrieved from
sysfs.</para>
<para>With more and more advanced SoC devices being introduced, the current
approach will not scale. Device topologies are getting increasingly complex
and can't always be represented by a tree structure. Hardware blocks are
shared between different functions, creating dependencies between seemingly
unrelated devices.</para>
<para>Kernel abstraction APIs such as V4L2 and ALSA provide means for
applications to access hardware parameters. As newer hardware expose an
increasingly high number of those parameters, drivers need to guess what
applications really require based on limited information, thereby
implementing policies that belong to userspace.</para>
<para>The media controller API aims at solving those problems.</para>
</section>
<section id="media-controller-model">
<title>Media device model</title>
<para>Discovering a device internal topology, and configuring it at runtime,
is one of the goals of the media controller API. To achieve this, hardware
devices and Linux Kernel interfaces are modelled as graph objects on
an oriented graph. The object types that constitute the graph are:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>An <emphasis role="bold">entity</emphasis>
is a basic media hardware or software building block. It can correspond to
a large variety of logical blocks such as physical hardware devices
(CMOS sensor for instance), logical hardware devices (a building block in
a System-on-Chip image processing pipeline), DMA channels or physical
connectors.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>An <emphasis role="bold">interface</emphasis>
is a graph representation of a Linux Kernel userspace API interface,
like a device node or a sysfs file that controls one or more entities
in the graph.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>A <emphasis role="bold">pad</emphasis>
is a data connection endpoint through which an entity can interact with
other entities. Data (not restricted to video) produced by an entity
flows from the entity's output to one or more entity inputs. Pads should
not be confused with physical pins at chip boundaries.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>A <emphasis role="bold">data link</emphasis>
is a point-to-point oriented connection between two pads, either on the
same entity or on different entities. Data flows from a source pad to a
sink pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>An <emphasis role="bold">interface link</emphasis>
is a point-to-point bidirectional control connection between a Linux
Kernel interface and an entity.m</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<!-- All non-ioctl specific data types go here. -->
&sub-media-types;
</chapter>
<appendix id="media-user-func">
<title>Function Reference</title>
<!-- Keep this alphabetically sorted. -->
&sub-media-func-open;
&sub-media-func-close;
&sub-media-func-ioctl;
<!-- All ioctls go here. -->
&sub-media-ioc-device-info;
&sub-media-ioc-g-topology;
&sub-media-ioc-enum-entities;
&sub-media-ioc-enum-links;
&sub-media-ioc-setup-link;
</appendix>

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<refentry id="media-func-close">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>media close()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>media-close</refname>
<refpurpose>Close a media device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>close</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Closes the media device. Resources associated with the file descriptor
are freed. The device configuration remain unchanged.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para><function>close</function> returns 0 on success. On error, -1 is
returned, and <varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately. Possible error
codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid open file descriptor.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-func-ioctl.xml
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@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
<refentry id="media-func-ioctl">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>media ioctl()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>media-ioctl</refname>
<refpurpose>Control a media device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Media ioctl request code as defined in the media.h header file,
for example MEDIA_IOC_SETUP_LINK.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Pointer to a request-specific structure.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The <function>ioctl()</function> function manipulates media device
parameters. The argument <parameter>fd</parameter> must be an open file
descriptor.</para>
<para>The ioctl <parameter>request</parameter> code specifies the media
function to be called. It has encoded in it whether the argument is an
input, output or read/write parameter, and the size of the argument
<parameter>argp</parameter> in bytes.</para>
<para>Macros and structures definitions specifying media ioctl requests and
their parameters are located in the media.h header file. All media ioctl
requests, their respective function and parameters are specified in
<xref linkend="media-user-func" />.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
<para>Request-specific error codes are listed in the
individual requests descriptions.</para>
<para>When an ioctl that takes an output or read/write parameter fails,
the parameter remains unmodified.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

94
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-func-open.xml
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<refentry id="media-func-open">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>media open()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>media-open</refname>
<refpurpose>Open a media device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>open</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>device_name</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>device_name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Device to be opened.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Open flags. Access mode must be either <constant>O_RDONLY</constant>
or <constant>O_RDWR</constant>. Other flags have no effect.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>To open a media device applications call <function>open()</function>
with the desired device name. The function has no side effects; the device
configuration remain unchanged.</para>
<para>When the device is opened in read-only mode, attempts to modify its
configuration will result in an error, and <varname>errno</varname> will be
set to <errorcode>EBADF</errorcode>.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para><function>open</function> returns the new file descriptor on success.
On error, -1 is returned, and <varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately.
Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The requested access to the file is not allowed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EMFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The process already has the maximum number of files open.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The system limit on the total number of open files has been
reached.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Insufficient kernel memory was available.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENXIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>No device corresponding to this device special file exists.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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