ext4: add missing bigalloc documentation.

There was a broken link for bigalloc.  The page
https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Bigalloc was not migrated into
the current documentation sources.  This patch adds the contents of
that missing page into the section for Bigalloc itself.

Signed-off-by: Ayush Ranjan <ayushr2@illinois.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190831154419.GA30357@fa19-cs241-404.cs.illinois.edu
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

Documentation/filesystems/ext4/bigalloc.rst

@@ -9,14 +9,26 @@ ext4 code is not prepared to handle the case where the block size
 exceeds the page size. However, for a filesystem of mostly huge files,
 it is desirable to be able to allocate disk blocks in units of multiple
 blocks to reduce both fragmentation and metadata overhead. The
-`bigalloc <Bigalloc>`__ feature provides exactly this ability. The
+bigalloc feature provides exactly this ability.
-administrator can set a block cluster size at mkfs time (which is stored
+
-in the s\_log\_cluster\_size field in the superblock); from then on, the
+The bigalloc feature (EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC) changes ext4 to
-block bitmaps track clusters, not individual blocks. This means that
+use clustered allocation, so that each bit in the ext4 block allocation
-block groups can be several gigabytes in size (instead of just 128MiB);
+bitmap addresses a power of two number of blocks. For example, if the
-however, the minimum allocation unit becomes a cluster, not a block,
+file system is mainly going to be storing large files in the 4-32
-even for directories. TaoBao had a patchset to extend the “use units of
+megabyte range, it might make sense to set a cluster size of 1 megabyte.
-clusters instead of blocks” to the extent tree, though it is not clear
+This means that each bit in the block allocation bitmap now addresses
-where those patches went-- they eventually morphed into “extent tree v2”
+256 4k blocks. This shrinks the total size of the block allocation
-but that code has not landed as of May 2015.
+bitmaps for a 2T file system from 64 megabytes to 256 kilobytes. It also
+means that a block group addresses 32 gigabytes instead of 128 megabytes,
+also shrinking the amount of file system overhead for metadata.
+
+The administrator can set a block cluster size at mkfs time (which is
+stored in the s\_log\_cluster\_size field in the superblock); from then
+on, the block bitmaps track clusters, not individual blocks. This means
+that block groups can be several gigabytes in size (instead of just
+128MiB); however, the minimum allocation unit becomes a cluster, not a
+block, even for directories. TaoBao had a patchset to extend the “use
+units of clusters instead of blocks” to the extent tree, though it is
+not clear where those patches went-- they eventually morphed into
+“extent tree v2” but that code has not landed as of May 2015.