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doc: rcu: Update Data-Structures for RCU flavor consolidation 

This patch updates all Data-Structures document figures and text and
removes some unwanted figures, to reflect the recent work Paul has been
doing with consolidating all flavors of RCU.

Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: <kernel-team@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit is contained in:
Joel Fernandes (Google) 2018-10-03 17:40:28 -07:00 committed by Paul E. McKenney
parent c9b6f899e1
commit b54d9db260
5 changed files with 653 additions and 2334 deletions
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@ -154,36 +154,9 @@ on that root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure remains acceptably low.
keeping lock contention under control at all tree levels regardless keeping lock contention under control at all tree levels regardless
of the level of loading on the system. of the level of loading on the system.
</p><p>The Linux kernel actually supports multiple flavors of RCU
running concurrently, so RCU builds separate data structures for each
flavor.
For example, for <tt>CONFIG_TREE_RCU=y</tt> kernels, RCU provides
rcu_sched and rcu_bh, as shown below:
</p><p><img src="BigTreeClassicRCUBH.svg" alt="BigTreeClassicRCUBH.svg" width="33%">
</p><p>Energy efficiency is increasingly important, and for that
reason the Linux kernel provides <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt>, which
turns off the scheduling-clock interrupts on idle CPUs, which in
turn allows those CPUs to attain deeper sleep states and to consume
less energy.
CPUs whose scheduling-clock interrupts have been turned off are
said to be in <i>dyntick-idle mode</i>.
RCU must handle dyntick-idle CPUs specially
because RCU would otherwise wake up each CPU on every grace period,
which would defeat the whole purpose of <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt>.
RCU uses the dynticks related fields in the <tt>rcu_data</tt> structure
to track which CPUs are in dyntick idle mode.
</p><p>Kernels built with <tt>CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU</tt> support
rcu_preempt in addition to rcu_sched and rcu_bh, as shown below:
</p><p><img src="BigTreePreemptRCUBHdyntick.svg" alt="BigTreePreemptRCUBHdyntick.svg" width="35%">
</p><p>RCU updaters wait for normal grace periods by registering </p><p>RCU updaters wait for normal grace periods by registering
RCU callbacks, either directly via <tt>call_rcu()</tt> and RCU callbacks, either directly via <tt>call_rcu()</tt> and
friends (namely <tt>call_rcu_bh()</tt> and <tt>call_rcu_sched()</tt>), friends (namely <tt>call_rcu_bh()</tt> and <tt>call_rcu_sched()</tt>),
there being a separate interface per flavor of RCU)
or indirectly via <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> and friends. or indirectly via <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> and friends.
RCU callbacks are represented by <tt>rcu_head</tt> structures, RCU callbacks are represented by <tt>rcu_head</tt> structures,
which are queued on <tt>rcu_data</tt> structures while they are which are queued on <tt>rcu_data</tt> structures while they are
@ -278,7 +251,7 @@ structures.
The <tt>rcu_state</tt> Structure</a></h3> The <tt>rcu_state</tt> Structure</a></h3>
<p>The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure is the base structure that <p>The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure is the base structure that
represents a flavor of RCU. represents the state of RCU in the system.
This structure forms the interconnection between the This structure forms the interconnection between the
<tt>rcu_node</tt> and <tt>rcu_data</tt> structures, <tt>rcu_node</tt> and <tt>rcu_data</tt> structures,
tracks grace periods, contains the lock used to tracks grace periods, contains the lock used to
@ -373,7 +346,7 @@ sequence number.
The bottom two bits are the state of the current grace period, The bottom two bits are the state of the current grace period,
which can be zero for not yet started or one for in progress. which can be zero for not yet started or one for in progress.
In other words, if the bottom two bits of <tt>-&gt;gp_seq</tt> are In other words, if the bottom two bits of <tt>-&gt;gp_seq</tt> are
zero, the corresponding flavor of RCU is idle. zero, then RCU is idle.
Any other value in the bottom two bits indicates that something is broken. Any other value in the bottom two bits indicates that something is broken.
This field is protected by the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's This field is protected by the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
<tt>-&gt;lock</tt> field. <tt>-&gt;lock</tt> field.
@ -403,10 +376,10 @@ as follows:
grace period in jiffies. grace period in jiffies.
It is protected by the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>'s <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>. It is protected by the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>'s <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>.
<p>The <tt>-&gt;name</tt> field points to the name of the RCU flavor <p>The <tt>-&gt;name</tt> and <tt>-&gt;abbr</tt> fields distinguish
(for example, &ldquo;rcu_sched&rdquo;), and is constant. between preemptible RCU (&ldquo;rcu_preempt&rdquo; and &ldquo;p&rdquo;)
The <tt>-&gt;abbr</tt> field contains a one-character abbreviation, and non-preemptible RCU (&ldquo;rcu_sched&rdquo; and &ldquo;s&rdquo;).
for example, &ldquo;s&rdquo; for RCU-sched. These fields are used for diagnostic and tracing purposes.
<h3><a name="The rcu_node Structure"> <h3><a name="The rcu_node Structure">
The <tt>rcu_node</tt> Structure</a></h3> The <tt>rcu_node</tt> Structure</a></h3>
@ -972,8 +945,7 @@ of <tt>rcu_barrier()</tt>.
<h3><a name="The rcu_data Structure"> <h3><a name="The rcu_data Structure">
The <tt>rcu_data</tt> Structure</a></h3> The <tt>rcu_data</tt> Structure</a></h3>
<p>The <tt>rcu_data</tt> maintains the per-CPU state for the <p>The <tt>rcu_data</tt> maintains the per-CPU state for the RCU subsystem.
corresponding flavor of RCU.
The fields in this structure may be accessed only from the corresponding The fields in this structure may be accessed only from the corresponding
CPU (and from tracing) unless otherwise stated. CPU (and from tracing) unless otherwise stated.
This structure is the This structure is the
@ -1030,7 +1002,6 @@ as follows:
3 bool cpu_no_qs; 3 bool cpu_no_qs;
4 bool core_needs_qs; 4 bool core_needs_qs;
5 bool gpwrap; 5 bool gpwrap;
6 unsigned long rcu_qs_ctr_snap;
</pre> </pre>
<p>The <tt>-&gt;gp_seq</tt> and <tt>-&gt;gp_seq_needed</tt> <p>The <tt>-&gt;gp_seq</tt> and <tt>-&gt;gp_seq_needed</tt>
@ -1076,10 +1047,6 @@ CPU has remained idle for so long that the
<tt>gp_seq</tt> counter is in danger of overflow, which <tt>gp_seq</tt> counter is in danger of overflow, which
will cause the CPU to disregard the values of its counters on will cause the CPU to disregard the values of its counters on
its next exit from idle. its next exit from idle.
Finally, the <tt>rcu_qs_ctr_snap</tt> field is used to detect
cases where a given operation has resulted in a quiescent state
for all flavors of RCU, for example, <tt>cond_resched()</tt>
when RCU has indicated a need for quiescent states.
<h5>RCU Callback Handling</h5> <h5>RCU Callback Handling</h5>
@ -1387,7 +1354,7 @@ the last part of the array, thus traversing only the leaf
<h3><a name="Summary"> <h3><a name="Summary">
Summary</a></h3> Summary</a></h3>
So each flavor of RCU is represented by an <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure, So the state of RCU is represented by an <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure,
which contains a combining tree of <tt>rcu_node</tt> and which contains a combining tree of <tt>rcu_node</tt> and
<tt>rcu_data</tt> structures. <tt>rcu_data</tt> structures.
Finally, in <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt> kernels, each CPU's dyntick-idle Finally, in <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt> kernels, each CPU's dyntick-idle

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