Merge branch 'ucount-fixes-for-v5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace

Pull ucounts fixes from Eric Biederman:
 "There has been one very hard to track down bug in the ucount code that
  we have been tracking since roughly v5.14 was released. Alex managed
  to find a reliable reproducer a few days ago and then I was able to
  instrument the code and figure out what the issue was.

  It turns out the sigqueue_alloc single atomic operation optimization
  did not play nicely with ucounts multiple level rlimits. It turned out
  that either sigqueue_alloc or sigqueue_free could be operating on
  multiple levels and trigger the conditions for the optimization on
  more than one level at the same time.

  To deal with that situation I have introduced inc_rlimit_get_ucounts
  and dec_rlimit_put_ucounts that just focuses on the optimization and
  the rlimit and ucount changes.

  While looking into the big bug I found I couple of other little issues
  so I am including those fixes here as well.

  When I have time I would very much like to dig into process ownership
  of the shared signal queue and see if we could pick a single owner for
  the entire queue so that all of the rlimits can count to that owner.
  That should entirely remove the need to call get_ucounts and
  put_ucounts in sigqueue_alloc and sigqueue_free. It is difficult
  because Linux unlike POSIX supports setuid that works on a single
  thread"

* 'ucount-fixes-for-v5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace:
  ucounts: Move get_ucounts from cred_alloc_blank to key_change_session_keyring
  ucounts: Proper error handling in set_cred_ucounts
  ucounts: Pair inc_rlimit_ucounts with dec_rlimit_ucoutns in commit_creds
  ucounts: Fix signal ucount refcounting

include/linux/user_namespace.h

@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ static inline long get_ucounts_value(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type t
 
 long inc_rlimit_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type, long v);
 bool dec_rlimit_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type, long v);
+long inc_rlimit_get_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type);
+void dec_rlimit_put_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type);
 bool is_ucounts_overlimit(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type, unsigned long max);
 
 static inline void set_rlimit_ucount_max(struct user_namespace *ns,

kernel/cred.c

@@ -225,8 +225,6 @@ struct cred *cred_alloc_blank(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	new->magic = CRED_MAGIC;
 #endif
-	new->ucounts = get_ucounts(&init_ucounts);
-
 	if (security_cred_alloc_blank(new, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT) < 0)
 		goto error;
 
@@ -501,7 +499,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 		inc_rlimit_ucounts(new->ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_NPROC, 1);
 	rcu_assign_pointer(task->real_cred, new);
 	rcu_assign_pointer(task->cred, new);
-	if (new->user != old->user)
+	if (new->user != old->user || new->user_ns != old->user_ns)
 		dec_rlimit_ucounts(old->ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_NPROC, 1);
 	alter_cred_subscribers(old, -2);
 
@@ -669,7 +667,7 @@ int set_cred_ucounts(struct cred *new)
 {
 	struct task_struct *task = current;
 	const struct cred *old = task->real_cred;
-	struct ucounts *old_ucounts = new->ucounts;
+	struct ucounts *new_ucounts, *old_ucounts = new->ucounts;
 
 	if (new->user == old->user && new->user_ns == old->user_ns)
 		return 0;
@@ -681,9 +679,10 @@ int set_cred_ucounts(struct cred *new)
 	if (old_ucounts && old_ucounts->ns == new->user_ns && uid_eq(old_ucounts->uid, new->euid))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!(new->ucounts = alloc_ucounts(new->user_ns, new->euid)))
+	if (!(new_ucounts = alloc_ucounts(new->user_ns, new->euid)))
 		return -EAGAIN;
 
+	new->ucounts = new_ucounts;
 	if (old_ucounts)
 		put_ucounts(old_ucounts);
 

kernel/signal.c

@@ -426,22 +426,10 @@ __sigqueue_alloc(int sig, struct task_struct *t, gfp_t gfp_flags,
 	 */
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	ucounts = task_ucounts(t);
-	sigpending = inc_rlimit_ucounts(ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, 1);
+	sigpending = inc_rlimit_get_ucounts(ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_SIGPENDING);
-	switch (sigpending) {
-	case 1:
-		if (likely(get_ucounts(ucounts)))
-			break;
-		fallthrough;
-	case LONG_MAX:
-		/*
-		 * we need to decrease the ucount in the userns tree on any
-		 * failure to avoid counts leaking.
-		 */
-		dec_rlimit_ucounts(ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, 1);
-		rcu_read_unlock();
-		return NULL;
-	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
+	if (!sigpending)
+		return NULL;
 
 	if (override_rlimit || likely(sigpending <= task_rlimit(t, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING))) {
 		q = kmem_cache_alloc(sigqueue_cachep, gfp_flags);
@@ -450,8 +438,7 @@ __sigqueue_alloc(int sig, struct task_struct *t, gfp_t gfp_flags,
 	}
 
 	if (unlikely(q == NULL)) {
-		if (dec_rlimit_ucounts(ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, 1))
+		dec_rlimit_put_ucounts(ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_SIGPENDING);
-			put_ucounts(ucounts);
 	} else {
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->list);
 		q->flags = sigqueue_flags;
@@ -464,8 +451,8 @@ static void __sigqueue_free(struct sigqueue *q)
 {
 	if (q->flags & SIGQUEUE_PREALLOC)
 		return;
-	if (q->ucounts && dec_rlimit_ucounts(q->ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, 1)) {
+	if (q->ucounts) {
-		put_ucounts(q->ucounts);
+		dec_rlimit_put_ucounts(q->ucounts, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_SIGPENDING);
 		q->ucounts = NULL;
 	}
 	kmem_cache_free(sigqueue_cachep, q);

kernel/ucount.c

@@ -284,6 +284,55 @@ bool dec_rlimit_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type, long v)
 	return (new == 0);
 }
 
+static void do_dec_rlimit_put_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts,
+				struct ucounts *last, enum ucount_type type)
+{
+	struct ucounts *iter, *next;
+	for (iter = ucounts; iter != last; iter = next) {
+		long dec = atomic_long_add_return(-1, &iter->ucount[type]);
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(dec < 0);
+		next = iter->ns->ucounts;
+		if (dec == 0)
+			put_ucounts(iter);
+	}
+}
+
+void dec_rlimit_put_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type)
+{
+	do_dec_rlimit_put_ucounts(ucounts, NULL, type);
+}
+
+long inc_rlimit_get_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type)
+{
+	/* Caller must hold a reference to ucounts */
+	struct ucounts *iter;
+	long dec, ret = 0;
+
+	for (iter = ucounts; iter; iter = iter->ns->ucounts) {
+		long max = READ_ONCE(iter->ns->ucount_max[type]);
+		long new = atomic_long_add_return(1, &iter->ucount[type]);
+		if (new < 0 || new > max)
+			goto unwind;
+		if (iter == ucounts)
+			ret = new;
+		/*
+		 * Grab an extra ucount reference for the caller when
+		 * the rlimit count was previously 0.
+		 */
+		if (new != 1)
+			continue;
+		if (!get_ucounts(iter))
+			goto dec_unwind;
+	}
+	return ret;
+dec_unwind:
+	dec = atomic_long_add_return(-1, &iter->ucount[type]);
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(dec < 0);
+unwind:
+	do_dec_rlimit_put_ucounts(ucounts, iter, type);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 bool is_ucounts_overlimit(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type, unsigned long max)
 {
 	struct ucounts *iter;

security/keys/process_keys.c

@@ -918,6 +918,13 @@ void key_change_session_keyring(struct callback_head *twork)
 		return;
 	}
 
+	/* If get_ucounts fails more bits are needed in the refcount */
+	if (unlikely(!get_ucounts(old->ucounts))) {
+		WARN_ONCE(1, "In %s get_ucounts failed\n", __func__);
+		put_cred(new);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	new->  uid	= old->  uid;
 	new-> euid	= old-> euid;
 	new-> suid	= old-> suid;
@@ -927,6 +934,7 @@ void key_change_session_keyring(struct callback_head *twork)
 	new-> sgid	= old-> sgid;
 	new->fsgid	= old->fsgid;
 	new->user	= get_uid(old->user);
+	new->ucounts	= old->ucounts;
 	new->user_ns	= get_user_ns(old->user_ns);
 	new->group_info	= get_group_info(old->group_info);