diff --git a/fs/btrfs/qgroup.c b/fs/btrfs/qgroup.c
index a006f5160e6b..9acdd0f91a5a 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/qgroup.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/qgroup.c
@@ -1659,6 +1659,15 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static bool qgroup_has_usage(struct btrfs_qgroup *qgroup)
+{
+	return (qgroup->rfer > 0 || qgroup->rfer_cmpr > 0 ||
+		qgroup->excl > 0 || qgroup->excl_cmpr > 0 ||
+		qgroup->rsv.values[BTRFS_QGROUP_RSV_DATA] > 0 ||
+		qgroup->rsv.values[BTRFS_QGROUP_RSV_META_PREALLOC] > 0 ||
+		qgroup->rsv.values[BTRFS_QGROUP_RSV_META_PERTRANS] > 0);
+}
+
 int btrfs_remove_qgroup(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, u64 qgroupid)
 {
 	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = trans->fs_info;
@@ -1678,6 +1687,11 @@ int btrfs_remove_qgroup(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, u64 qgroupid)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	if (is_fstree(qgroupid) && qgroup_has_usage(qgroup)) {
+		ret = -EBUSY;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	/* Check if there are no children of this qgroup */
 	if (!list_empty(&qgroup->members)) {
 		ret = -EBUSY;