diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
index 8048763e98a7..89ba5147206e 100644
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -1623,9 +1623,9 @@ static void prep_new_huge_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page, int nid)
 	spin_unlock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);
 }
 
-static void prep_compound_gigantic_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
+static bool prep_compound_gigantic_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, j;
 	int nr_pages = 1 << order;
 	struct page *p = page + 1;
 
@@ -1647,11 +1647,48 @@ static void prep_compound_gigantic_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
 		 * after get_user_pages().
 		 */
 		__ClearPageReserved(p);
+		/*
+		 * Subtle and very unlikely
+		 *
+		 * Gigantic 'page allocators' such as memblock or cma will
+		 * return a set of pages with each page ref counted.  We need
+		 * to turn this set of pages into a compound page with tail
+		 * page ref counts set to zero.  Code such as speculative page
+		 * cache adding could take a ref on a 'to be' tail page.
+		 * We need to respect any increased ref count, and only set
+		 * the ref count to zero if count is currently 1.  If count
+		 * is not 1, we call synchronize_rcu in the hope that a rcu
+		 * grace period will cause ref count to drop and then retry.
+		 * If count is still inflated on retry we return an error and
+		 * must discard the pages.
+		 */
+		if (!page_ref_freeze(p, 1)) {
+			pr_info("HugeTLB unexpected inflated ref count on freshly allocated page\n");
+			synchronize_rcu();
+			if (!page_ref_freeze(p, 1))
+				goto out_error;
+		}
 		set_page_count(p, 0);
 		set_compound_head(p, page);
 	}
 	atomic_set(compound_mapcount_ptr(page), -1);
 	atomic_set(compound_pincount_ptr(page), 0);
+	return true;
+
+out_error:
+	/* undo tail page modifications made above */
+	p = page + 1;
+	for (j = 1; j < i; j++, p = mem_map_next(p, page, j)) {
+		clear_compound_head(p);
+		set_page_refcounted(p);
+	}
+	/* need to clear PG_reserved on remaining tail pages  */
+	for (; j < nr_pages; j++, p = mem_map_next(p, page, j))
+		__ClearPageReserved(p);
+	set_compound_order(page, 0);
+	page[1].compound_nr = 0;
+	__ClearPageHead(page);
+	return false;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1771,7 +1808,9 @@ static struct page *alloc_fresh_huge_page(struct hstate *h,
 		nodemask_t *node_alloc_noretry)
 {
 	struct page *page;
+	bool retry = false;
 
+retry:
 	if (hstate_is_gigantic(h))
 		page = alloc_gigantic_page(h, gfp_mask, nid, nmask);
 	else
@@ -1780,8 +1819,21 @@ static struct page *alloc_fresh_huge_page(struct hstate *h,
 	if (!page)
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (hstate_is_gigantic(h))
-		prep_compound_gigantic_page(page, huge_page_order(h));
+	if (hstate_is_gigantic(h)) {
+		if (!prep_compound_gigantic_page(page, huge_page_order(h))) {
+			/*
+			 * Rare failure to convert pages to compound page.
+			 * Free pages and try again - ONCE!
+			 */
+			free_gigantic_page(page, huge_page_order(h));
+			if (!retry) {
+				retry = true;
+				goto retry;
+			}
+			pr_warn("HugeTLB page can not be used due to unexpected inflated ref count\n");
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
 	prep_new_huge_page(h, page, page_to_nid(page));
 
 	return page;
@@ -2771,10 +2823,14 @@ static void __init gather_bootmem_prealloc(void)
 
 		VM_BUG_ON(!hstate_is_gigantic(h));
 		WARN_ON(page_count(page) != 1);
-		prep_compound_gigantic_page(page, huge_page_order(h));
-		WARN_ON(PageReserved(page));
-		prep_new_huge_page(h, page, page_to_nid(page));
-		put_page(page); /* free it into the hugepage allocator */
+		if (prep_compound_gigantic_page(page, huge_page_order(h))) {
+			WARN_ON(PageReserved(page));
+			prep_new_huge_page(h, page, page_to_nid(page));
+			put_page(page); /* add to the hugepage allocator */
+		} else {
+			free_gigantic_page(page, huge_page_order(h));
+			pr_warn("HugeTLB page can not be used due to unexpected inflated ref count\n");
+		}
 
 		/*
 		 * We need to restore the 'stolen' pages to totalram_pages
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index db00ee8d79d2..eeff64843718 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -754,7 +754,6 @@ void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
 	__SetPageHead(page);
 	for (i = 1; i < nr_pages; i++) {
 		struct page *p = page + i;
-		set_page_count(p, 0);
 		p->mapping = TAIL_MAPPING;
 		set_compound_head(p, page);
 	}