arm64: Enable data independent timing (DIT) in the kernel

The ARM architecture revision v8.4 introduces a data independent timing
control (DIT) which can be set at any exception level, and instructs the
CPU to avoid optimizations that may result in a correlation between the
execution time of certain instructions and the value of the data they
operate on.

The DIT bit is part of PSTATE, and is therefore context switched as
usual, given that it becomes part of the saved program state (SPSR) when
taking an exception. We have also defined a hwcap for DIT, and so user
space can discover already whether or nor DIT is available. This means
that, as far as user space is concerned, DIT is wired up and fully
functional.

In the kernel, however, we never bothered with DIT: we disable at it
boot (i.e., INIT_PSTATE_EL1 has DIT cleared) and ignore the fact that we
might run with DIT enabled if user space happened to set it.

Currently, we have no idea whether or not running privileged code with
DIT disabled on a CPU that implements support for it may result in a
side channel that exposes privileged data to unprivileged user space
processes, so let's be cautious and just enable DIT while running in the
kernel if supported by all CPUs.

Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Cc: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Cc: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/YwgCrqutxmX0W72r@gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221107172400.1851434-1-ardb@kernel.org
[will: Removed cpu_has_dit() as per Mark's suggestion on the list]
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>

arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h

@@ -90,20 +90,24 @@
  */
 #define pstate_field(op1, op2)		((op1) << Op1_shift | (op2) << Op2_shift)
 #define PSTATE_Imm_shift		CRm_shift
+#define SET_PSTATE(x, r)		__emit_inst(0xd500401f | PSTATE_ ## r | ((!!x) << PSTATE_Imm_shift))
 
 #define PSTATE_PAN			pstate_field(0, 4)
 #define PSTATE_UAO			pstate_field(0, 3)
 #define PSTATE_SSBS			pstate_field(3, 1)
+#define PSTATE_DIT			pstate_field(3, 2)
 #define PSTATE_TCO			pstate_field(3, 4)
 
-#define SET_PSTATE_PAN(x)		__emit_inst(0xd500401f | PSTATE_PAN | ((!!x) << PSTATE_Imm_shift))
-#define SET_PSTATE_UAO(x)		__emit_inst(0xd500401f | PSTATE_UAO | ((!!x) << PSTATE_Imm_shift))
-#define SET_PSTATE_SSBS(x)		__emit_inst(0xd500401f | PSTATE_SSBS | ((!!x) << PSTATE_Imm_shift))
-#define SET_PSTATE_TCO(x)		__emit_inst(0xd500401f | PSTATE_TCO | ((!!x) << PSTATE_Imm_shift))
+#define SET_PSTATE_PAN(x)		SET_PSTATE((x), PAN)
+#define SET_PSTATE_UAO(x)		SET_PSTATE((x), UAO)
+#define SET_PSTATE_SSBS(x)		SET_PSTATE((x), SSBS)
+#define SET_PSTATE_DIT(x)		SET_PSTATE((x), DIT)
+#define SET_PSTATE_TCO(x)		SET_PSTATE((x), TCO)
 
 #define set_pstate_pan(x)		asm volatile(SET_PSTATE_PAN(x))
 #define set_pstate_uao(x)		asm volatile(SET_PSTATE_UAO(x))
 #define set_pstate_ssbs(x)		asm volatile(SET_PSTATE_SSBS(x))
+#define set_pstate_dit(x)		asm volatile(SET_PSTATE_DIT(x))
 
 #define __SYS_BARRIER_INSN(CRm, op2, Rt) \
 	__emit_inst(0xd5000000 | sys_insn(0, 3, 3, (CRm), (op2)) | ((Rt) & 0x1f))

arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c

@@ -2101,6 +2101,11 @@ static void cpu_trap_el0_impdef(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *__unused)
 	sysreg_clear_set(sctlr_el1, 0, SCTLR_EL1_TIDCP);
 }
 
+static void cpu_enable_dit(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *__unused)
+{
+	set_pstate_dit(1);
+}
+
 /* Internal helper functions to match cpu capability type */
 static bool
 cpucap_late_cpu_optional(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *cap)
@@ -2664,6 +2669,18 @@ static const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities arm64_features[] = {
 		.matches = has_cpuid_feature,
 		.cpu_enable = cpu_trap_el0_impdef,
 	},
+	{
+		.desc = "Data independent timing control (DIT)",
+		.capability = ARM64_HAS_DIT,
+		.type = ARM64_CPUCAP_SYSTEM_FEATURE,
+		.sys_reg = SYS_ID_AA64PFR0_EL1,
+		.sign = FTR_UNSIGNED,
+		.field_pos = ID_AA64PFR0_EL1_DIT_SHIFT,
+		.field_width = 4,
+		.min_field_value = ID_AA64PFR0_EL1_DIT_IMP,
+		.matches = has_cpuid_feature,
+		.cpu_enable = cpu_enable_dit,
+	},
 	{},
 };
 

arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S

@@ -197,6 +197,9 @@ alternative_cb_end
 	.endm
 
 	.macro	kernel_entry, el, regsize = 64
+	.if	\el == 0
+	alternative_insn nop, SET_PSTATE_DIT(1), ARM64_HAS_DIT
+	.endif
 	.if	\regsize == 32
 	mov	w0, w0				// zero upper 32 bits of x0
 	.endif

arch/arm64/kernel/suspend.c

@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ void notrace __cpu_suspend_exit(void)
 	 * PSTATE was not saved over suspend/resume, re-enable any detected
 	 * features that might not have been set correctly.
 	 */
+	if (cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HAS_DIT))
+		set_pstate_dit(1);
 	__uaccess_enable_hw_pan();
 
 	/*

arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ HAS_CNP
 HAS_CRC32
 HAS_DCPODP
 HAS_DCPOP
+HAS_DIT
 HAS_E0PD
 HAS_ECV
 HAS_EPAN