OpenCloudOS-Kernel/init/Kconfig

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config ARCH
string
option env="ARCH"
config KERNELVERSION
string
option env="KERNELVERSION"
config DEFCONFIG_LIST
string
[PATCH] uml: use DEFCONFIG_LIST to avoid reading host's config This should make sure that, for UML, host's configuration files are not considered, which avoids various pains to the user. Our dependency are such that the obtained Kconfig will be valid and will lead to successful compilation - however they cannot prevent an user from disabling any boot device, and if an option is not set in the read .config (say /boot/config-XXX), with make menuconfig ARCH=um, it is not set. This always disables UBD and all console I/O channels, which leads to non-working UML kernels, so this bothers users - especially now, since it will happen on almost every machine (/boot/config-`uname -r` exists almost on every machine). It can be workarounded with make defconfig ARCH=um, but it is non-obvious and can be avoided, so please _do_ merge this patch. Given the existence of options, it could be interesting to implement (additionally) "option required" - with it, Kconfig will refuse reading a .config file (from wherever it comes) if the given option is not set. With this, one could mark with it the option characteristic of the given architecture (it was an old proposal of Roman Zippel, when I pointed out our problem): config UML option required default y However this should be further discussed: *) for x86, it must support constructs like: ==arch/i386/Kconfig== config 64BIT option required default n where Kconfig must require that CONFIG_64BIT is disabled or not present in the read .config. *) do we want to do such checks only for the starting defconfig or also for .config? Which leads to: *) I may want to port a x86_64 .config to x86 and viceversa, or even among more different archs. Should that be allowed, and in which measure (the user may force skipping the check for a .config or it is only given a warning by default)? Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Cc: <kbuild-devel@lists.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-20 14:28:23 +08:00
depends on !UML
option defconfig_list
default "/lib/modules/$UNAME_RELEASE/.config"
default "/etc/kernel-config"
default "/boot/config-$UNAME_RELEASE"
default "$ARCH_DEFCONFIG"
default "arch/$ARCH/defconfig"
config CONSTRUCTORS
bool
depends on !UML
config IRQ_WORK
bool
config BUILDTIME_EXTABLE_SORT
bool
menu "General setup"
config BROKEN
bool
config BROKEN_ON_SMP
bool
depends on BROKEN || !SMP
default y
config INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
int
default 32 if !UML
default 128 if UML
help
Maximum of each of the number of arguments and environment
variables passed to init from the kernel command line.
config CROSS_COMPILE
string "Cross-compiler tool prefix"
help
Same as running 'make CROSS_COMPILE=prefix-' but stored for
default make runs in this kernel build directory. You don't
need to set this unless you want the configured kernel build
directory to select the cross-compiler automatically.
build some drivers only when compile-testing Some drivers can be built on more platforms than they run on. This is a burden for users and distributors who package a kernel. They have to manually deselect some (for them useless) drivers when updating their configs via oldconfig. And yet, sometimes it is even impossible to disable the drivers without patching the kernel. Introduce a new config option COMPILE_TEST and make all those drivers to depend on the platform they run on, or on the COMPILE_TEST option. Now, when users/distributors choose COMPILE_TEST=n they will not have the drivers in their allmodconfig setups, but developers still can compile-test them with COMPILE_TEST=y. Now the drivers where we use this new option: * PTP_1588_CLOCK_PCH: The PCH EG20T is only compatible with Intel Atom processors so it should depend on x86. * FB_GEODE: Geode is 32-bit only so only enable it for X86_32. * USB_CHIPIDEA_IMX: The OF_DEVICE dependency will be met on powerpc systems -- which do not actually support the hardware via that method. * INTEL_MID_PTI: It is specific to the Penwell type of Intel Atom device. [v2] * remove EXPERT dependency [gregkh - remove chipidea portion, as it's incorrect, and also doesn't apply to my driver-core tree] Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org Cc: Florian Tobias Schandinat <FlorianSchandinat@gmx.de> Cc: linux-geode@lists.infradead.org Cc: linux-fbdev@vger.kernel.org Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com> Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org Cc: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> Cc: "Keller, Jacob E" <jacob.e.keller@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2013-05-22 16:56:24 +08:00
config COMPILE_TEST
bool "Compile also drivers which will not load"
default n
help
Some drivers can be compiled on a different platform than they are
intended to be run on. Despite they cannot be loaded there (or even
when they load they cannot be used due to missing HW support),
developers still, opposing to distributors, might want to build such
drivers to compile-test them.
If you are a developer and want to build everything available, say Y
here. If you are a user/distributor, say N here to exclude useless
drivers to be distributed.
config LOCALVERSION
string "Local version - append to kernel release"
help
Append an extra string to the end of your kernel version.
This will show up when you type uname, for example.
The string you set here will be appended after the contents of
any files with a filename matching localversion* in your
object and source tree, in that order. Your total string can
be a maximum of 64 characters.
config LOCALVERSION_AUTO
bool "Automatically append version information to the version string"
default y
help
This will try to automatically determine if the current tree is a
release tree by looking for git tags that belong to the current
top of tree revision.
A string of the format -gxxxxxxxx will be added to the localversion
if a git-based tree is found. The string generated by this will be
appended after any matching localversion* files, and after the value
set in CONFIG_LOCALVERSION.
(The actual string used here is the first eight characters produced
by running the command:
$ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
which is done within the script "scripts/setlocalversion".)
config HAVE_KERNEL_GZIP
bool
config HAVE_KERNEL_BZIP2
bool
config HAVE_KERNEL_LZMA
bool
config HAVE_KERNEL_XZ
bool
lib: add support for LZO-compressed kernels This patch series adds generic support for creating and extracting LZO-compressed kernel images, as well as support for using such images on the x86 and ARM architectures, and support for creating and using LZO-compressed initrd and initramfs images. Russell King said: : Testing on a Cortex A9 model: : - lzo decompressor is 65% of the time gzip takes to decompress a kernel : - lzo kernel is 9% larger than a gzip kernel : : which I'm happy to say confirms your figures when comparing the two. : : However, when comparing your new gzip code to the old gzip code: : - new is 99% of the size of the old code : - new takes 42% of the time to decompress than the old code : : What this means is that for a proper comparison, the results get even better: : - lzo is 7.5% larger than the old gzip'd kernel image : - lzo takes 28% of the time that the old gzip code took : : So the expense seems definitely worth the effort. The only reason I : can think of ever using gzip would be if you needed the additional : compression (eg, because you have limited flash to store the image.) : : I would argue that the default for ARM should therefore be LZO. This patch: The lzo compressor is worse than gzip at compression, but faster at extraction. Here are some figures for an ARM board I'm working on: Uncompressed size: 3.24Mo gzip 1.61Mo 0.72s lzo 1.75Mo 0.48s So for a compression ratio that is still relatively close to gzip, it's much faster to extract, at least in that case. This part contains: - Makefile routine to support lzo compression - Fixes to the existing lzo compressor so that it can be used in compressed kernels - wrapper around the existing lzo1x_decompress, as it only extracts one block at a time, while we need to extract a whole file here - config dialog for kernel compression [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> Tested-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com> Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-01-09 06:42:42 +08:00
config HAVE_KERNEL_LZO
bool
config HAVE_KERNEL_LZ4
bool
choice
prompt "Kernel compression mode"
default KERNEL_GZIP
depends on HAVE_KERNEL_GZIP || HAVE_KERNEL_BZIP2 || HAVE_KERNEL_LZMA || HAVE_KERNEL_XZ || HAVE_KERNEL_LZO || HAVE_KERNEL_LZ4
help
The linux kernel is a kind of self-extracting executable.
Several compression algorithms are available, which differ
in efficiency, compression and decompression speed.
Compression speed is only relevant when building a kernel.
Decompression speed is relevant at each boot.
If you have any problems with bzip2 or lzma compressed
kernels, mail me (Alain Knaff) <alain@knaff.lu>. (An older
version of this functionality (bzip2 only), for 2.4, was
supplied by Christian Ludwig)
High compression options are mostly useful for users, who
are low on disk space (embedded systems), but for whom ram
size matters less.
If in doubt, select 'gzip'
config KERNEL_GZIP
bool "Gzip"
depends on HAVE_KERNEL_GZIP
help
lib: add support for LZO-compressed kernels This patch series adds generic support for creating and extracting LZO-compressed kernel images, as well as support for using such images on the x86 and ARM architectures, and support for creating and using LZO-compressed initrd and initramfs images. Russell King said: : Testing on a Cortex A9 model: : - lzo decompressor is 65% of the time gzip takes to decompress a kernel : - lzo kernel is 9% larger than a gzip kernel : : which I'm happy to say confirms your figures when comparing the two. : : However, when comparing your new gzip code to the old gzip code: : - new is 99% of the size of the old code : - new takes 42% of the time to decompress than the old code : : What this means is that for a proper comparison, the results get even better: : - lzo is 7.5% larger than the old gzip'd kernel image : - lzo takes 28% of the time that the old gzip code took : : So the expense seems definitely worth the effort. The only reason I : can think of ever using gzip would be if you needed the additional : compression (eg, because you have limited flash to store the image.) : : I would argue that the default for ARM should therefore be LZO. This patch: The lzo compressor is worse than gzip at compression, but faster at extraction. Here are some figures for an ARM board I'm working on: Uncompressed size: 3.24Mo gzip 1.61Mo 0.72s lzo 1.75Mo 0.48s So for a compression ratio that is still relatively close to gzip, it's much faster to extract, at least in that case. This part contains: - Makefile routine to support lzo compression - Fixes to the existing lzo compressor so that it can be used in compressed kernels - wrapper around the existing lzo1x_decompress, as it only extracts one block at a time, while we need to extract a whole file here - config dialog for kernel compression [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> Tested-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com> Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-01-09 06:42:42 +08:00
The old and tried gzip compression. It provides a good balance
between compression ratio and decompression speed.
config KERNEL_BZIP2
bool "Bzip2"
depends on HAVE_KERNEL_BZIP2
help
Its compression ratio and speed is intermediate.
Decompression speed is slowest among the choices. The kernel
size is about 10% smaller with bzip2, in comparison to gzip.
Bzip2 uses a large amount of memory. For modern kernels you
will need at least 8MB RAM or more for booting.
config KERNEL_LZMA
bool "LZMA"
depends on HAVE_KERNEL_LZMA
help
This compression algorithm's ratio is best. Decompression speed
is between gzip and bzip2. Compression is slowest.
The kernel size is about 33% smaller with LZMA in comparison to gzip.
config KERNEL_XZ
bool "XZ"
depends on HAVE_KERNEL_XZ
help
XZ uses the LZMA2 algorithm and instruction set specific
BCJ filters which can improve compression ratio of executable
code. The size of the kernel is about 30% smaller with XZ in
comparison to gzip. On architectures for which there is a BCJ
filter (i386, x86_64, ARM, IA-64, PowerPC, and SPARC), XZ
will create a few percent smaller kernel than plain LZMA.
The speed is about the same as with LZMA: The decompression
speed of XZ is better than that of bzip2 but worse than gzip
and LZO. Compression is slow.
lib: add support for LZO-compressed kernels This patch series adds generic support for creating and extracting LZO-compressed kernel images, as well as support for using such images on the x86 and ARM architectures, and support for creating and using LZO-compressed initrd and initramfs images. Russell King said: : Testing on a Cortex A9 model: : - lzo decompressor is 65% of the time gzip takes to decompress a kernel : - lzo kernel is 9% larger than a gzip kernel : : which I'm happy to say confirms your figures when comparing the two. : : However, when comparing your new gzip code to the old gzip code: : - new is 99% of the size of the old code : - new takes 42% of the time to decompress than the old code : : What this means is that for a proper comparison, the results get even better: : - lzo is 7.5% larger than the old gzip'd kernel image : - lzo takes 28% of the time that the old gzip code took : : So the expense seems definitely worth the effort. The only reason I : can think of ever using gzip would be if you needed the additional : compression (eg, because you have limited flash to store the image.) : : I would argue that the default for ARM should therefore be LZO. This patch: The lzo compressor is worse than gzip at compression, but faster at extraction. Here are some figures for an ARM board I'm working on: Uncompressed size: 3.24Mo gzip 1.61Mo 0.72s lzo 1.75Mo 0.48s So for a compression ratio that is still relatively close to gzip, it's much faster to extract, at least in that case. This part contains: - Makefile routine to support lzo compression - Fixes to the existing lzo compressor so that it can be used in compressed kernels - wrapper around the existing lzo1x_decompress, as it only extracts one block at a time, while we need to extract a whole file here - config dialog for kernel compression [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> Tested-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com> Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-01-09 06:42:42 +08:00
config KERNEL_LZO
bool "LZO"
depends on HAVE_KERNEL_LZO
help
Its compression ratio is the poorest among the choices. The kernel
size is about 10% bigger than gzip; however its speed
lib: add support for LZO-compressed kernels This patch series adds generic support for creating and extracting LZO-compressed kernel images, as well as support for using such images on the x86 and ARM architectures, and support for creating and using LZO-compressed initrd and initramfs images. Russell King said: : Testing on a Cortex A9 model: : - lzo decompressor is 65% of the time gzip takes to decompress a kernel : - lzo kernel is 9% larger than a gzip kernel : : which I'm happy to say confirms your figures when comparing the two. : : However, when comparing your new gzip code to the old gzip code: : - new is 99% of the size of the old code : - new takes 42% of the time to decompress than the old code : : What this means is that for a proper comparison, the results get even better: : - lzo is 7.5% larger than the old gzip'd kernel image : - lzo takes 28% of the time that the old gzip code took : : So the expense seems definitely worth the effort. The only reason I : can think of ever using gzip would be if you needed the additional : compression (eg, because you have limited flash to store the image.) : : I would argue that the default for ARM should therefore be LZO. This patch: The lzo compressor is worse than gzip at compression, but faster at extraction. Here are some figures for an ARM board I'm working on: Uncompressed size: 3.24Mo gzip 1.61Mo 0.72s lzo 1.75Mo 0.48s So for a compression ratio that is still relatively close to gzip, it's much faster to extract, at least in that case. This part contains: - Makefile routine to support lzo compression - Fixes to the existing lzo compressor so that it can be used in compressed kernels - wrapper around the existing lzo1x_decompress, as it only extracts one block at a time, while we need to extract a whole file here - config dialog for kernel compression [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> Tested-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com> Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-01-09 06:42:42 +08:00
(both compression and decompression) is the fastest.
config KERNEL_LZ4
bool "LZ4"
depends on HAVE_KERNEL_LZ4
help
LZ4 is an LZ77-type compressor with a fixed, byte-oriented encoding.
A preliminary version of LZ4 de/compression tool is available at
<https://code.google.com/p/lz4/>.
Its compression ratio is worse than LZO. The size of the kernel
is about 8% bigger than LZO. But the decompression speed is
faster than LZO.
endchoice
config DEFAULT_HOSTNAME
string "Default hostname"
default "(none)"
help
This option determines the default system hostname before userspace
calls sethostname(2). The kernel traditionally uses "(none)" here,
but you may wish to use a different default here to make a minimal
system more usable with less configuration.
config SWAP
bool "Support for paging of anonymous memory (swap)"
[PATCH] BLOCK: Make it possible to disable the block layer [try #6] Make it possible to disable the block layer. Not all embedded devices require it, some can make do with just JFFS2, NFS, ramfs, etc - none of which require the block layer to be present. This patch does the following: (*) Introduces CONFIG_BLOCK to disable the block layer, buffering and blockdev support. (*) Adds dependencies on CONFIG_BLOCK to any configuration item that controls an item that uses the block layer. This includes: (*) Block I/O tracing. (*) Disk partition code. (*) All filesystems that are block based, eg: Ext3, ReiserFS, ISOFS. (*) The SCSI layer. As far as I can tell, even SCSI chardevs use the block layer to do scheduling. Some drivers that use SCSI facilities - such as USB storage - end up disabled indirectly from this. (*) Various block-based device drivers, such as IDE and the old CDROM drivers. (*) MTD blockdev handling and FTL. (*) JFFS - which uses set_bdev_super(), something it could avoid doing by taking a leaf out of JFFS2's book. (*) Makes most of the contents of linux/blkdev.h, linux/buffer_head.h and linux/elevator.h contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK being set. sector_div() is, however, still used in places, and so is still available. (*) Also made contingent are the contents of linux/mpage.h, linux/genhd.h and parts of linux/fs.h. (*) Makes a number of files in fs/ contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK. (*) Makes mm/bounce.c (bounce buffering) contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK. (*) set_page_dirty() doesn't call __set_page_dirty_buffers() if CONFIG_BLOCK is not enabled. (*) fs/no-block.c is created to hold out-of-line stubs and things that are required when CONFIG_BLOCK is not set: (*) Default blockdev file operations (to give error ENODEV on opening). (*) Makes some /proc changes: (*) /proc/devices does not list any blockdevs. (*) /proc/diskstats and /proc/partitions are contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK. (*) Makes some compat ioctl handling contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK. (*) If CONFIG_BLOCK is not defined, makes sys_quotactl() return -ENODEV if given command other than Q_SYNC or if a special device is specified. (*) In init/do_mounts.c, no reference is made to the blockdev routines if CONFIG_BLOCK is not defined. This does not prohibit NFS roots or JFFS2. (*) The bdflush, ioprio_set and ioprio_get syscalls can now be absent (return error ENOSYS by way of cond_syscall if so). (*) The seclvl_bd_claim() and seclvl_bd_release() security calls do nothing if CONFIG_BLOCK is not set, since they can't then happen. Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2006-10-01 02:45:40 +08:00
depends on MMU && BLOCK
default y
help
This option allows you to choose whether you want to have support
for so called swap devices or swap files in your kernel that are
used to provide more virtual memory than the actual RAM present
in your computer. If unsure say Y.
config SYSVIPC
bool "System V IPC"
---help---
Inter Process Communication is a suite of library functions and
system calls which let processes (running programs) synchronize and
exchange information. It is generally considered to be a good thing,
and some programs won't run unless you say Y here. In particular, if
you want to run the DOS emulator dosemu under Linux (read the
DOSEMU-HOWTO, available from <http://www.tldp.org/docs.html#howto>),
you'll need to say Y here.
You can find documentation about IPC with "info ipc" and also in
section 6.4 of the Linux Programmer's Guide, available from
<http://www.tldp.org/guides.html>.
config SYSVIPC_SYSCTL
bool
depends on SYSVIPC
depends on SYSCTL
default y
config POSIX_MQUEUE
bool "POSIX Message Queues"
depends on NET
---help---
POSIX variant of message queues is a part of IPC. In POSIX message
queues every message has a priority which decides about succession
of receiving it by a process. If you want to compile and run
programs written e.g. for Solaris with use of its POSIX message
queues (functions mq_*) say Y here.
POSIX message queues are visible as a filesystem called 'mqueue'
and can be mounted somewhere if you want to do filesystem
operations on message queues.
If unsure, say Y.
config POSIX_MQUEUE_SYSCTL
bool
depends on POSIX_MQUEUE
depends on SYSCTL
default y
config CROSS_MEMORY_ATTACH
bool "Enable process_vm_readv/writev syscalls"
depends on MMU
default y
help
Enabling this option adds the system calls process_vm_readv and
process_vm_writev which allow a process with the correct privileges
to directly read from or write to another process' address space.
See the man page for more details.
config FHANDLE
bool "open by fhandle syscalls" if EXPERT
select EXPORTFS
default y
help
If you say Y here, a user level program will be able to map
file names to handle and then later use the handle for
different file system operations. This is useful in implementing
userspace file servers, which now track files using handles instead
of names. The handle would remain the same even if file names
get renamed. Enables open_by_handle_at(2) and name_to_handle_at(2)
syscalls.
config USELIB
bool "uselib syscall"
def_bool ALPHA || M68K || SPARC || X86_32 || IA32_EMULATION
help
This option enables the uselib syscall, a system call used in the
dynamic linker from libc5 and earlier. glibc does not use this
system call. If you intend to run programs built on libc5 or
earlier, you may need to enable this syscall. Current systems
running glibc can safely disable this.
config AUDIT
bool "Auditing support"
depends on NET
help
Enable auditing infrastructure that can be used with another
kernel subsystem, such as SELinux (which requires this for
logging of avc messages output). System call auditing is included
on architectures which support it.
config HAVE_ARCH_AUDITSYSCALL
bool
config AUDITSYSCALL
def_bool y
depends on AUDIT && HAVE_ARCH_AUDITSYSCALL
config AUDIT_WATCH
def_bool y
depends on AUDITSYSCALL
select FSNOTIFY
config AUDIT_TREE
def_bool y
depends on AUDITSYSCALL
select FSNOTIFY
source "kernel/irq/Kconfig"
source "kernel/time/Kconfig"
menu "CPU/Task time and stats accounting"
cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime accounting If we want to stop the tick further idle, we need to be able to account the cputime without using the tick. Virtual based cputime accounting solves that problem by hooking into kernel/user boundaries. However implementing CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING require low level hooks and involves more overhead. But we already have a generic context tracking subsystem that is required for RCU needs by archs which plan to shut down the tick outside idle. This patch implements a generic virtual based cputime accounting that relies on these generic kernel/user hooks. There are some upsides of doing this: - This requires no arch code to implement CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING if context tracking is already built (already necessary for RCU in full tickless mode). - We can rely on the generic context tracking subsystem to dynamically (de)activate the hooks, so that we can switch anytime between virtual and tick based accounting. This way we don't have the overhead of the virtual accounting when the tick is running periodically. And one downside: - There is probably more overhead than a native virtual based cputime accounting. But this relies on hooks that are already set anyway. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-07-25 13:56:04 +08:00
config VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
bool
choice
prompt "Cputime accounting"
default TICK_CPU_ACCOUNTING if !PPC64
default VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_NATIVE if PPC64
# Kind of a stub config for the pure tick based cputime accounting
config TICK_CPU_ACCOUNTING
bool "Simple tick based cputime accounting"
nohz: Select VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN from full dynticks config Turn the full dynticks passive dependency on VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN to an active one. The full dynticks Kconfig is currently hidden behind the full dynticks cputime accounting, which is an awkward and counter-intuitive layout: the user first has to select the dynticks cputime accounting in order to make the full dynticks feature to be visible. We definetly want it the other way around. The usual way to perform this kind of active dependency is use "select" on the depended target. Now we can't use the Kconfig "select" instruction when the target is a "choice". So this patch inspires on how the RCU subsystem Kconfig interact with its dependencies on SMP and PREEMPT: we make sure that cputime accounting can't propose another option than VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN when NO_HZ_FULL is selected by using the right "depends on" instruction for each cputime accounting choices. v2: Keep full dynticks cputime accounting available even without full dynticks, as per Paul McKenney's suggestion. Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Hakan Akkan <hakanakkan@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org> Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2013-04-26 21:16:31 +08:00
depends on !S390 && !NO_HZ_FULL
help
This is the basic tick based cputime accounting that maintains
statistics about user, system and idle time spent on per jiffies
granularity.
If unsure, say Y.
cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime accounting If we want to stop the tick further idle, we need to be able to account the cputime without using the tick. Virtual based cputime accounting solves that problem by hooking into kernel/user boundaries. However implementing CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING require low level hooks and involves more overhead. But we already have a generic context tracking subsystem that is required for RCU needs by archs which plan to shut down the tick outside idle. This patch implements a generic virtual based cputime accounting that relies on these generic kernel/user hooks. There are some upsides of doing this: - This requires no arch code to implement CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING if context tracking is already built (already necessary for RCU in full tickless mode). - We can rely on the generic context tracking subsystem to dynamically (de)activate the hooks, so that we can switch anytime between virtual and tick based accounting. This way we don't have the overhead of the virtual accounting when the tick is running periodically. And one downside: - There is probably more overhead than a native virtual based cputime accounting. But this relies on hooks that are already set anyway. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-07-25 13:56:04 +08:00
config VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_NATIVE
bool "Deterministic task and CPU time accounting"
nohz: Select VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN from full dynticks config Turn the full dynticks passive dependency on VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN to an active one. The full dynticks Kconfig is currently hidden behind the full dynticks cputime accounting, which is an awkward and counter-intuitive layout: the user first has to select the dynticks cputime accounting in order to make the full dynticks feature to be visible. We definetly want it the other way around. The usual way to perform this kind of active dependency is use "select" on the depended target. Now we can't use the Kconfig "select" instruction when the target is a "choice". So this patch inspires on how the RCU subsystem Kconfig interact with its dependencies on SMP and PREEMPT: we make sure that cputime accounting can't propose another option than VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN when NO_HZ_FULL is selected by using the right "depends on" instruction for each cputime accounting choices. v2: Keep full dynticks cputime accounting available even without full dynticks, as per Paul McKenney's suggestion. Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Hakan Akkan <hakanakkan@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org> Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2013-04-26 21:16:31 +08:00
depends on HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING && !NO_HZ_FULL
cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime accounting If we want to stop the tick further idle, we need to be able to account the cputime without using the tick. Virtual based cputime accounting solves that problem by hooking into kernel/user boundaries. However implementing CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING require low level hooks and involves more overhead. But we already have a generic context tracking subsystem that is required for RCU needs by archs which plan to shut down the tick outside idle. This patch implements a generic virtual based cputime accounting that relies on these generic kernel/user hooks. There are some upsides of doing this: - This requires no arch code to implement CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING if context tracking is already built (already necessary for RCU in full tickless mode). - We can rely on the generic context tracking subsystem to dynamically (de)activate the hooks, so that we can switch anytime between virtual and tick based accounting. This way we don't have the overhead of the virtual accounting when the tick is running periodically. And one downside: - There is probably more overhead than a native virtual based cputime accounting. But this relies on hooks that are already set anyway. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-07-25 13:56:04 +08:00
select VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
help
Select this option to enable more accurate task and CPU time
accounting. This is done by reading a CPU counter on each
kernel entry and exit and on transitions within the kernel
between system, softirq and hardirq state, so there is a
small performance impact. In the case of s390 or IBM POWER > 5,
this also enables accounting of stolen time on logically-partitioned
systems.
cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime accounting If we want to stop the tick further idle, we need to be able to account the cputime without using the tick. Virtual based cputime accounting solves that problem by hooking into kernel/user boundaries. However implementing CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING require low level hooks and involves more overhead. But we already have a generic context tracking subsystem that is required for RCU needs by archs which plan to shut down the tick outside idle. This patch implements a generic virtual based cputime accounting that relies on these generic kernel/user hooks. There are some upsides of doing this: - This requires no arch code to implement CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING if context tracking is already built (already necessary for RCU in full tickless mode). - We can rely on the generic context tracking subsystem to dynamically (de)activate the hooks, so that we can switch anytime between virtual and tick based accounting. This way we don't have the overhead of the virtual accounting when the tick is running periodically. And one downside: - There is probably more overhead than a native virtual based cputime accounting. But this relies on hooks that are already set anyway. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-07-25 13:56:04 +08:00
config VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
bool "Full dynticks CPU time accounting"
depends on HAVE_CONTEXT_TRACKING
depends on HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime accounting If we want to stop the tick further idle, we need to be able to account the cputime without using the tick. Virtual based cputime accounting solves that problem by hooking into kernel/user boundaries. However implementing CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING require low level hooks and involves more overhead. But we already have a generic context tracking subsystem that is required for RCU needs by archs which plan to shut down the tick outside idle. This patch implements a generic virtual based cputime accounting that relies on these generic kernel/user hooks. There are some upsides of doing this: - This requires no arch code to implement CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING if context tracking is already built (already necessary for RCU in full tickless mode). - We can rely on the generic context tracking subsystem to dynamically (de)activate the hooks, so that we can switch anytime between virtual and tick based accounting. This way we don't have the overhead of the virtual accounting when the tick is running periodically. And one downside: - There is probably more overhead than a native virtual based cputime accounting. But this relies on hooks that are already set anyway. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-07-25 13:56:04 +08:00
select VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
select CONTEXT_TRACKING
help
Select this option to enable task and CPU time accounting on full
dynticks systems. This accounting is implemented by watching every
kernel-user boundaries using the context tracking subsystem.
The accounting is thus performed at the expense of some significant
overhead.
For now this is only useful if you are working on the full
dynticks subsystem development.
If unsure, say N.
config IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
bool "Fine granularity task level IRQ time accounting"
nohz: Select VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN from full dynticks config Turn the full dynticks passive dependency on VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN to an active one. The full dynticks Kconfig is currently hidden behind the full dynticks cputime accounting, which is an awkward and counter-intuitive layout: the user first has to select the dynticks cputime accounting in order to make the full dynticks feature to be visible. We definetly want it the other way around. The usual way to perform this kind of active dependency is use "select" on the depended target. Now we can't use the Kconfig "select" instruction when the target is a "choice". So this patch inspires on how the RCU subsystem Kconfig interact with its dependencies on SMP and PREEMPT: we make sure that cputime accounting can't propose another option than VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN when NO_HZ_FULL is selected by using the right "depends on" instruction for each cputime accounting choices. v2: Keep full dynticks cputime accounting available even without full dynticks, as per Paul McKenney's suggestion. Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Hakan Akkan <hakanakkan@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org> Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2013-04-26 21:16:31 +08:00
depends on HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING && !NO_HZ_FULL
help
Select this option to enable fine granularity task irq time
accounting. This is done by reading a timestamp on each
transitions between softirq and hardirq state, so there can be a
small performance impact.
If in doubt, say N here.
endchoice
config BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
bool "BSD Process Accounting"
kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems, supporting multiple users is not necessary. This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled under CONFIG_EXPERT menu. When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case and processes always have all capabilities. The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid, setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups, getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset. Also, groups.c is compiled out completely. In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid adding two ifdef blocks. This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much. The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work. Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS. Bloat-o-meter output: add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-16 07:16:41 +08:00
depends on MULTIUSER
help
If you say Y here, a user level program will be able to instruct the
kernel (via a special system call) to write process accounting
information to a file: whenever a process exits, information about
that process will be appended to the file by the kernel. The
information includes things such as creation time, owning user,
command name, memory usage, controlling terminal etc. (the complete
list is in the struct acct in <file:include/linux/acct.h>). It is
up to the user level program to do useful things with this
information. This is generally a good idea, so say Y.
config BSD_PROCESS_ACCT_V3
bool "BSD Process Accounting version 3 file format"
depends on BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
default n
help
If you say Y here, the process accounting information is written
in a new file format that also logs the process IDs of each
process and it's parent. Note that this file format is incompatible
with previous v0/v1/v2 file formats, so you will need updated tools
for processing it. A preliminary version of these tools is available
at <http://www.gnu.org/software/acct/>.
config TASKSTATS
bool "Export task/process statistics through netlink"
depends on NET
kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems, supporting multiple users is not necessary. This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled under CONFIG_EXPERT menu. When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case and processes always have all capabilities. The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid, setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups, getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset. Also, groups.c is compiled out completely. In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid adding two ifdef blocks. This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much. The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work. Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS. Bloat-o-meter output: add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-16 07:16:41 +08:00
depends on MULTIUSER
default n
help
Export selected statistics for tasks/processes through the
generic netlink interface. Unlike BSD process accounting, the
statistics are available during the lifetime of tasks/processes as
responses to commands. Like BSD accounting, they are sent to user
space on task exit.
Say N if unsure.
config TASK_DELAY_ACCT
bool "Enable per-task delay accounting"
depends on TASKSTATS
select SCHED_INFO
help
Collect information on time spent by a task waiting for system
resources like cpu, synchronous block I/O completion and swapping
in pages. Such statistics can help in setting a task's priorities
relative to other tasks for cpu, io, rss limits etc.
Say N if unsure.
config TASK_XACCT
bool "Enable extended accounting over taskstats"
depends on TASKSTATS
help
Collect extended task accounting data and send the data
to userland for processing over the taskstats interface.
Say N if unsure.
config TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING
bool "Enable per-task storage I/O accounting"
depends on TASK_XACCT
help
Collect information on the number of bytes of storage I/O which this
task has caused.
Say N if unsure.
endmenu # "CPU/Task time and stats accounting"
menu "RCU Subsystem"
config TREE_RCU
bool
default y if !PREEMPT && SMP
help
This option selects the RCU implementation that is
designed for very large SMP system with hundreds or
thousands of CPUs. It also scales down nicely to
smaller systems.
config PREEMPT_RCU
bool
default y if PREEMPT
rcu: Merge preemptable-RCU functionality into hierarchical RCU Create a kernel/rcutree_plugin.h file that contains definitions for preemptable RCU (or, under the #else branch of the #ifdef, empty definitions for the classic non-preemptable semantics). These definitions fit into plugins defined in kernel/rcutree.c for this purpose. This variant of preemptable RCU uses a new algorithm whose read-side expense is roughly that of classic hierarchical RCU under CONFIG_PREEMPT. This new algorithm's update-side expense is similar to that of classic hierarchical RCU, and, in absence of read-side preemption or blocking, is exactly that of classic hierarchical RCU. Perhaps more important, this new algorithm has a much simpler implementation, saving well over 1,000 lines of code compared to mainline's implementation of preemptable RCU, which will hopefully be retired in favor of this new algorithm. The simplifications are obtained by maintaining per-task nesting state for running tasks, and using a simple lock-protected algorithm to handle accounting when tasks block within RCU read-side critical sections, making use of lessons learned while creating numerous user-level RCU implementations over the past 18 months. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org LKML-Reference: <12509746134003-git-send-email-> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 04:56:52 +08:00
help
This option selects the RCU implementation that is
designed for very large SMP systems with hundreds or
thousands of CPUs, but for which real-time response
is also required. It also scales down nicely to
smaller systems.
rcu: Merge preemptable-RCU functionality into hierarchical RCU Create a kernel/rcutree_plugin.h file that contains definitions for preemptable RCU (or, under the #else branch of the #ifdef, empty definitions for the classic non-preemptable semantics). These definitions fit into plugins defined in kernel/rcutree.c for this purpose. This variant of preemptable RCU uses a new algorithm whose read-side expense is roughly that of classic hierarchical RCU under CONFIG_PREEMPT. This new algorithm's update-side expense is similar to that of classic hierarchical RCU, and, in absence of read-side preemption or blocking, is exactly that of classic hierarchical RCU. Perhaps more important, this new algorithm has a much simpler implementation, saving well over 1,000 lines of code compared to mainline's implementation of preemptable RCU, which will hopefully be retired in favor of this new algorithm. The simplifications are obtained by maintaining per-task nesting state for running tasks, and using a simple lock-protected algorithm to handle accounting when tasks block within RCU read-side critical sections, making use of lessons learned while creating numerous user-level RCU implementations over the past 18 months. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org LKML-Reference: <12509746134003-git-send-email-> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 04:56:52 +08:00
Select this option if you are unsure.
rcu: "Tiny RCU", The Bloatwatch Edition This patch is a version of RCU designed for !SMP provided for a small-footprint RCU implementation. In particular, the implementation of synchronize_rcu() is extremely lightweight and high performance. It passes rcutorture testing in each of the four relevant configurations (combinations of NO_HZ and PREEMPT) on x86. This saves about 1K bytes compared to old Classic RCU (which is no longer in mainline), and more than three kilobytes compared to Hierarchical RCU (updated to 2.6.30): CONFIG_TREE_RCU: text data bss dec filename 183 4 0 187 kernel/rcupdate.o 2783 520 36 3339 kernel/rcutree.o 3526 Total (vs 4565 for v7) CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU: text data bss dec filename 263 4 0 267 kernel/rcupdate.o 4594 776 52 5422 kernel/rcutree.o 5689 Total (6155 for v7) CONFIG_TINY_RCU: text data bss dec filename 96 4 0 100 kernel/rcupdate.o 734 24 0 758 kernel/rcutiny.o 858 Total (vs 848 for v7) The above is for x86. Your mileage may vary on other platforms. Further compression is possible, but is being procrastinated. Changes from v7 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/10/9/388) o Apply Lai Jiangshan's review comments (aside from might_sleep() in synchronize_sched(), which is covered by SMP builds). o Fix up expedited primitives. Changes from v6 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/9/23/293). o Forward ported to put it into the 2.6.33 stream. o Added lockdep support. o Make lightweight rcu_barrier. Changes from v5 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/12). o Ported to latest pre-2.6.32 merge window kernel. - Renamed rcu_qsctr_inc() to rcu_sched_qs(). - Renamed rcu_bh_qsctr_inc() to rcu_bh_qs(). - Provided trivial rcu_cpu_notify(). - Provided trivial exit_rcu(). - Provided trivial rcu_needs_cpu(). - Fixed up the rcu_*_enter/exit() functions in linux/hardirq.h. o Removed the dependence on EMBEDDED, with a view to making TINY_RCU default for !SMP at some time in the future. o Added (trivial) support for expedited grace periods. Changes from v4 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/5/2/91) include: o Squeeze the size down a bit further by removing the ->completed field from struct rcu_ctrlblk. o This permits synchronize_rcu() to become the empty function. Previous concerns about rcutorture were unfounded, as rcutorture correctly handles a constant value from rcu_batches_completed() and rcu_batches_completed_bh(). Changes from v3 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/3/29/221) include: o Changed rcu_batches_completed(), rcu_batches_completed_bh() rcu_enter_nohz(), rcu_exit_nohz(), rcu_nmi_enter(), and rcu_nmi_exit(), to be static inlines, as suggested by David Howells. Doing this saves about 100 bytes from rcutiny.o. (The numbers between v3 and this v4 of the patch are not directly comparable, since they are against different versions of Linux.) Changes from v2 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/2/3/333) include: o Fix whitespace issues. o Change short-circuit "||" operator to instead be "+" in order to fix performance bug noted by "kraai" on LWN. (http://lwn.net/Articles/324348/) Changes from v1 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/1/13/440) include: o This version depends on EMBEDDED as well as !SMP, as suggested by Ingo. o Updated rcu_needs_cpu() to unconditionally return zero, permitting the CPU to enter dynticks-idle mode at any time. This works because callbacks can be invoked upon entry to dynticks-idle mode. o Paul is now OK with this being included, based on a poll at the Kernel Miniconf at linux.conf.au, where about ten people said that they cared about saving 900 bytes on single-CPU systems. o Applies to both mainline and tip/core/rcu. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu Cc: avi@redhat.com Cc: mtosatti@redhat.com LKML-Reference: <12565226351355-git-send-email-> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-26 10:03:50 +08:00
config TINY_RCU
bool
default y if !PREEMPT && !SMP
rcu: "Tiny RCU", The Bloatwatch Edition This patch is a version of RCU designed for !SMP provided for a small-footprint RCU implementation. In particular, the implementation of synchronize_rcu() is extremely lightweight and high performance. It passes rcutorture testing in each of the four relevant configurations (combinations of NO_HZ and PREEMPT) on x86. This saves about 1K bytes compared to old Classic RCU (which is no longer in mainline), and more than three kilobytes compared to Hierarchical RCU (updated to 2.6.30): CONFIG_TREE_RCU: text data bss dec filename 183 4 0 187 kernel/rcupdate.o 2783 520 36 3339 kernel/rcutree.o 3526 Total (vs 4565 for v7) CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU: text data bss dec filename 263 4 0 267 kernel/rcupdate.o 4594 776 52 5422 kernel/rcutree.o 5689 Total (6155 for v7) CONFIG_TINY_RCU: text data bss dec filename 96 4 0 100 kernel/rcupdate.o 734 24 0 758 kernel/rcutiny.o 858 Total (vs 848 for v7) The above is for x86. Your mileage may vary on other platforms. Further compression is possible, but is being procrastinated. Changes from v7 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/10/9/388) o Apply Lai Jiangshan's review comments (aside from might_sleep() in synchronize_sched(), which is covered by SMP builds). o Fix up expedited primitives. Changes from v6 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/9/23/293). o Forward ported to put it into the 2.6.33 stream. o Added lockdep support. o Make lightweight rcu_barrier. Changes from v5 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/12). o Ported to latest pre-2.6.32 merge window kernel. - Renamed rcu_qsctr_inc() to rcu_sched_qs(). - Renamed rcu_bh_qsctr_inc() to rcu_bh_qs(). - Provided trivial rcu_cpu_notify(). - Provided trivial exit_rcu(). - Provided trivial rcu_needs_cpu(). - Fixed up the rcu_*_enter/exit() functions in linux/hardirq.h. o Removed the dependence on EMBEDDED, with a view to making TINY_RCU default for !SMP at some time in the future. o Added (trivial) support for expedited grace periods. Changes from v4 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/5/2/91) include: o Squeeze the size down a bit further by removing the ->completed field from struct rcu_ctrlblk. o This permits synchronize_rcu() to become the empty function. Previous concerns about rcutorture were unfounded, as rcutorture correctly handles a constant value from rcu_batches_completed() and rcu_batches_completed_bh(). Changes from v3 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/3/29/221) include: o Changed rcu_batches_completed(), rcu_batches_completed_bh() rcu_enter_nohz(), rcu_exit_nohz(), rcu_nmi_enter(), and rcu_nmi_exit(), to be static inlines, as suggested by David Howells. Doing this saves about 100 bytes from rcutiny.o. (The numbers between v3 and this v4 of the patch are not directly comparable, since they are against different versions of Linux.) Changes from v2 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/2/3/333) include: o Fix whitespace issues. o Change short-circuit "||" operator to instead be "+" in order to fix performance bug noted by "kraai" on LWN. (http://lwn.net/Articles/324348/) Changes from v1 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/1/13/440) include: o This version depends on EMBEDDED as well as !SMP, as suggested by Ingo. o Updated rcu_needs_cpu() to unconditionally return zero, permitting the CPU to enter dynticks-idle mode at any time. This works because callbacks can be invoked upon entry to dynticks-idle mode. o Paul is now OK with this being included, based on a poll at the Kernel Miniconf at linux.conf.au, where about ten people said that they cared about saving 900 bytes on single-CPU systems. o Applies to both mainline and tip/core/rcu. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu Cc: avi@redhat.com Cc: mtosatti@redhat.com LKML-Reference: <12565226351355-git-send-email-> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-26 10:03:50 +08:00
help
This option selects the RCU implementation that is
designed for UP systems from which real-time response
is not required. This option greatly reduces the
memory footprint of RCU.
config RCU_EXPERT
bool "Make expert-level adjustments to RCU configuration"
default n
help
This option needs to be enabled if you wish to make
expert-level adjustments to RCU configuration. By default,
no such adjustments can be made, which has the often-beneficial
side-effect of preventing "make oldconfig" from asking you all
sorts of detailed questions about how you would like numerous
obscure RCU options to be set up.
Say Y if you need to make expert-level adjustments to RCU.
Say N if you are unsure.
config SRCU
bool
help
This option selects the sleepable version of RCU. This version
permits arbitrary sleeping or blocking within RCU read-side critical
sections.
config TASKS_RCU
bool
default n
select SRCU
help
This option enables a task-based RCU implementation that uses
only voluntary context switch (not preemption!), idle, and
user-mode execution as quiescent states.
config RCU_STALL_COMMON
def_bool ( TREE_RCU || PREEMPT_RCU || RCU_TRACE )
help
This option enables RCU CPU stall code that is common between
the TINY and TREE variants of RCU. The purpose is to allow
the tiny variants to disable RCU CPU stall warnings, while
making these warnings mandatory for the tree variants.
config CONTEXT_TRACKING
bool
config CONTEXT_TRACKING_FORCE
bool "Force context tracking"
depends on CONTEXT_TRACKING
default y if !NO_HZ_FULL
help
The major pre-requirement for full dynticks to work is to
support the context tracking subsystem. But there are also
other dependencies to provide in order to make the full
dynticks working.
This option stands for testing when an arch implements the
context tracking backend but doesn't yet fullfill all the
requirements to make the full dynticks feature working.
Without the full dynticks, there is no way to test the support
for context tracking and the subsystems that rely on it: RCU
userspace extended quiescent state and tickless cputime
accounting. This option copes with the absence of the full
dynticks subsystem by forcing the context tracking on all
CPUs in the system.
Say Y only if you're working on the development of an
architecture backend for the context tracking.
Say N otherwise, this option brings an overhead that you
don't want in production.
config RCU_FANOUT
int "Tree-based hierarchical RCU fanout value"
range 2 64 if 64BIT
range 2 32 if !64BIT
depends on (TREE_RCU || PREEMPT_RCU) && RCU_EXPERT
default 64 if 64BIT
default 32 if !64BIT
help
This option controls the fanout of hierarchical implementations
of RCU, allowing RCU to work efficiently on machines with
large numbers of CPUs. This value must be at least the fourth
root of NR_CPUS, which allows NR_CPUS to be insanely large.
The default value of RCU_FANOUT should be used for production
systems, but if you are stress-testing the RCU implementation
itself, small RCU_FANOUT values allow you to test large-system
code paths on small(er) systems.
Select a specific number if testing RCU itself.
Take the default if unsure.
config RCU_FANOUT_LEAF
int "Tree-based hierarchical RCU leaf-level fanout value"
range 2 64 if 64BIT
range 2 32 if !64BIT
depends on (TREE_RCU || PREEMPT_RCU) && RCU_EXPERT
default 16
help
This option controls the leaf-level fanout of hierarchical
implementations of RCU, and allows trading off cache misses
against lock contention. Systems that synchronize their
scheduling-clock interrupts for energy-efficiency reasons will
want the default because the smaller leaf-level fanout keeps
lock contention levels acceptably low. Very large systems
(hundreds or thousands of CPUs) will instead want to set this
value to the maximum value possible in order to reduce the
number of cache misses incurred during RCU's grace-period
initialization. These systems tend to run CPU-bound, and thus
are not helped by synchronized interrupts, and thus tend to
skew them, which reduces lock contention enough that large
leaf-level fanouts work well.
Select a specific number if testing RCU itself.
Select the maximum permissible value for large systems.
Take the default if unsure.
rcu: Accelerate grace period if last non-dynticked CPU Currently, rcu_needs_cpu() simply checks whether the current CPU has an outstanding RCU callback, which means that the last CPU to go into dyntick-idle mode might wait a few ticks for the relevant grace periods to complete. However, if all the other CPUs are in dyntick-idle mode, and if this CPU is in a quiescent state (which it is for RCU-bh and RCU-sched any time that we are considering going into dyntick-idle mode), then the grace period is instantly complete. This patch therefore repeatedly invokes the RCU grace-period machinery in order to force any needed grace periods to complete quickly. It does so a limited number of times in order to prevent starvation by an RCU callback function that might pass itself to call_rcu(). However, if any CPU other than the current one is not in dyntick-idle mode, fall back to simply checking (with fix to bug noted by Lai Jiangshan). Also, take advantage of last grace-period forcing, the opportunity to do so noted by Steve Rostedt. And apply simplified #ifdef condition suggested by Frederic Weisbecker. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu Cc: dhowells@redhat.com LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-15-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-23 09:04:59 +08:00
config RCU_FAST_NO_HZ
bool "Accelerate last non-dyntick-idle CPU's grace periods"
depends on NO_HZ_COMMON && SMP && RCU_EXPERT
rcu: Accelerate grace period if last non-dynticked CPU Currently, rcu_needs_cpu() simply checks whether the current CPU has an outstanding RCU callback, which means that the last CPU to go into dyntick-idle mode might wait a few ticks for the relevant grace periods to complete. However, if all the other CPUs are in dyntick-idle mode, and if this CPU is in a quiescent state (which it is for RCU-bh and RCU-sched any time that we are considering going into dyntick-idle mode), then the grace period is instantly complete. This patch therefore repeatedly invokes the RCU grace-period machinery in order to force any needed grace periods to complete quickly. It does so a limited number of times in order to prevent starvation by an RCU callback function that might pass itself to call_rcu(). However, if any CPU other than the current one is not in dyntick-idle mode, fall back to simply checking (with fix to bug noted by Lai Jiangshan). Also, take advantage of last grace-period forcing, the opportunity to do so noted by Steve Rostedt. And apply simplified #ifdef condition suggested by Frederic Weisbecker. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu Cc: dhowells@redhat.com LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-15-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-23 09:04:59 +08:00
default n
help
This option permits CPUs to enter dynticks-idle state even if
they have RCU callbacks queued, and prevents RCU from waking
these CPUs up more than roughly once every four jiffies (by
default, you can adjust this using the rcutree.rcu_idle_gp_delay
parameter), thus improving energy efficiency. On the other
hand, this option increases the duration of RCU grace periods,
for example, slowing down synchronize_rcu().
Say Y if energy efficiency is critically important, and you
don't care about increased grace-period durations.
rcu: Accelerate grace period if last non-dynticked CPU Currently, rcu_needs_cpu() simply checks whether the current CPU has an outstanding RCU callback, which means that the last CPU to go into dyntick-idle mode might wait a few ticks for the relevant grace periods to complete. However, if all the other CPUs are in dyntick-idle mode, and if this CPU is in a quiescent state (which it is for RCU-bh and RCU-sched any time that we are considering going into dyntick-idle mode), then the grace period is instantly complete. This patch therefore repeatedly invokes the RCU grace-period machinery in order to force any needed grace periods to complete quickly. It does so a limited number of times in order to prevent starvation by an RCU callback function that might pass itself to call_rcu(). However, if any CPU other than the current one is not in dyntick-idle mode, fall back to simply checking (with fix to bug noted by Lai Jiangshan). Also, take advantage of last grace-period forcing, the opportunity to do so noted by Steve Rostedt. And apply simplified #ifdef condition suggested by Frederic Weisbecker. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu Cc: dhowells@redhat.com LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-15-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-23 09:04:59 +08:00
Say N if you are unsure.
config TREE_RCU_TRACE
def_bool RCU_TRACE && ( TREE_RCU || PREEMPT_RCU )
select DEBUG_FS
help
rcu: Merge preemptable-RCU functionality into hierarchical RCU Create a kernel/rcutree_plugin.h file that contains definitions for preemptable RCU (or, under the #else branch of the #ifdef, empty definitions for the classic non-preemptable semantics). These definitions fit into plugins defined in kernel/rcutree.c for this purpose. This variant of preemptable RCU uses a new algorithm whose read-side expense is roughly that of classic hierarchical RCU under CONFIG_PREEMPT. This new algorithm's update-side expense is similar to that of classic hierarchical RCU, and, in absence of read-side preemption or blocking, is exactly that of classic hierarchical RCU. Perhaps more important, this new algorithm has a much simpler implementation, saving well over 1,000 lines of code compared to mainline's implementation of preemptable RCU, which will hopefully be retired in favor of this new algorithm. The simplifications are obtained by maintaining per-task nesting state for running tasks, and using a simple lock-protected algorithm to handle accounting when tasks block within RCU read-side critical sections, making use of lessons learned while creating numerous user-level RCU implementations over the past 18 months. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org LKML-Reference: <12509746134003-git-send-email-> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 04:56:52 +08:00
This option provides tracing for the TREE_RCU and
PREEMPT_RCU implementations, permitting Makefile to
rcu: Merge preemptable-RCU functionality into hierarchical RCU Create a kernel/rcutree_plugin.h file that contains definitions for preemptable RCU (or, under the #else branch of the #ifdef, empty definitions for the classic non-preemptable semantics). These definitions fit into plugins defined in kernel/rcutree.c for this purpose. This variant of preemptable RCU uses a new algorithm whose read-side expense is roughly that of classic hierarchical RCU under CONFIG_PREEMPT. This new algorithm's update-side expense is similar to that of classic hierarchical RCU, and, in absence of read-side preemption or blocking, is exactly that of classic hierarchical RCU. Perhaps more important, this new algorithm has a much simpler implementation, saving well over 1,000 lines of code compared to mainline's implementation of preemptable RCU, which will hopefully be retired in favor of this new algorithm. The simplifications are obtained by maintaining per-task nesting state for running tasks, and using a simple lock-protected algorithm to handle accounting when tasks block within RCU read-side critical sections, making use of lessons learned while creating numerous user-level RCU implementations over the past 18 months. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org LKML-Reference: <12509746134003-git-send-email-> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 04:56:52 +08:00
trivially select kernel/rcutree_trace.c.
config RCU_BOOST
bool "Enable RCU priority boosting"
depends on RT_MUTEXES && PREEMPT_RCU && RCU_EXPERT
default n
help
This option boosts the priority of preempted RCU readers that
block the current preemptible RCU grace period for too long.
This option also prevents heavy loads from blocking RCU
callback invocation for all flavors of RCU.
Say Y here if you are working with real-time apps or heavy loads
Say N here if you are unsure.
config RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO
int "Real-time priority to use for RCU worker threads"
range 1 99 if RCU_BOOST
range 0 99 if !RCU_BOOST
default 1 if RCU_BOOST
default 0 if !RCU_BOOST
depends on RCU_EXPERT
help
This option specifies the SCHED_FIFO priority value that will be
assigned to the rcuc/n and rcub/n threads and is also the value
used for RCU_BOOST (if enabled). If you are working with a
real-time application that has one or more CPU-bound threads
running at a real-time priority level, you should set
RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO to a priority higher than the highest-priority
real-time CPU-bound application thread. The default RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO
value of 1 is appropriate in the common case, which is real-time
applications that do not have any CPU-bound threads.
Some real-time applications might not have a single real-time
thread that saturates a given CPU, but instead might have
multiple real-time threads that, taken together, fully utilize
that CPU. In this case, you should set RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO to
a priority higher than the lowest-priority thread that is
conspiring to prevent the CPU from running any non-real-time
tasks. For example, if one thread at priority 10 and another
thread at priority 5 are between themselves fully consuming
the CPU time on a given CPU, then RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO should be
set to priority 6 or higher.
Specify the real-time priority, or take the default if unsure.
config RCU_BOOST_DELAY
int "Milliseconds to delay boosting after RCU grace-period start"
range 0 3000
depends on RCU_BOOST
default 500
help
This option specifies the time to wait after the beginning of
a given grace period before priority-boosting preempted RCU
readers blocking that grace period. Note that any RCU reader
blocking an expedited RCU grace period is boosted immediately.
Accept the default if unsure.
config RCU_NOCB_CPU
bool "Offload RCU callback processing from boot-selected CPUs"
depends on TREE_RCU || PREEMPT_RCU
depends on RCU_EXPERT || NO_HZ_FULL
default n
help
Use this option to reduce OS jitter for aggressive HPC or
real-time workloads. It can also be used to offload RCU
callback invocation to energy-efficient CPUs in battery-powered
asymmetric multiprocessors.
This option offloads callback invocation from the set of
CPUs specified at boot time by the rcu_nocbs parameter.
For each such CPU, a kthread ("rcuox/N") will be created to
invoke callbacks, where the "N" is the CPU being offloaded,
and where the "x" is "b" for RCU-bh, "p" for RCU-preempt, and
"s" for RCU-sched. Nothing prevents this kthread from running
on the specified CPUs, but (1) the kthreads may be preempted
between each callback, and (2) affinity or cgroups can be used
to force the kthreads to run on whatever set of CPUs is desired.
Say Y here if you want to help to debug reduced OS jitter.
Say N here if you are unsure.
choice
prompt "Build-forced no-CBs CPUs"
default RCU_NOCB_CPU_NONE
depends on RCU_NOCB_CPU
help
This option allows no-CBs CPUs (whose RCU callbacks are invoked
from kthreads rather than from softirq context) to be specified
at build time. Additional no-CBs CPUs may be specified by
the rcu_nocbs= boot parameter.
config RCU_NOCB_CPU_NONE
bool "No build_forced no-CBs CPUs"
help
This option does not force any of the CPUs to be no-CBs CPUs.
Only CPUs designated by the rcu_nocbs= boot parameter will be
no-CBs CPUs, whose RCU callbacks will be invoked by per-CPU
kthreads whose names begin with "rcuo". All other CPUs will
invoke their own RCU callbacks in softirq context.
Select this option if you want to choose no-CBs CPUs at
boot time, for example, to allow testing of different no-CBs
configurations without having to rebuild the kernel each time.
config RCU_NOCB_CPU_ZERO
bool "CPU 0 is a build_forced no-CBs CPU"
help
This option forces CPU 0 to be a no-CBs CPU, so that its RCU
callbacks are invoked by a per-CPU kthread whose name begins
with "rcuo". Additional CPUs may be designated as no-CBs
CPUs using the rcu_nocbs= boot parameter will be no-CBs CPUs.
All other CPUs will invoke their own RCU callbacks in softirq
context.
Select this if CPU 0 needs to be a no-CBs CPU for real-time
or energy-efficiency reasons, but the real reason it exists
is to ensure that randconfig testing covers mixed systems.
config RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL
bool "All CPUs are build_forced no-CBs CPUs"
help
This option forces all CPUs to be no-CBs CPUs. The rcu_nocbs=
boot parameter will be ignored. All CPUs' RCU callbacks will
be executed in the context of per-CPU rcuo kthreads created for
this purpose. Assuming that the kthreads whose names start with
"rcuo" are bound to "housekeeping" CPUs, this reduces OS jitter
on the remaining CPUs, but might decrease memory locality during
RCU-callback invocation, thus potentially degrading throughput.
Select this if all CPUs need to be no-CBs CPUs for real-time
or energy-efficiency reasons.
endchoice
config RCU_EXPEDITE_BOOT
bool
default n
help
This option enables expedited grace periods at boot time,
as if rcu_expedite_gp() had been invoked early in boot.
The corresponding rcu_unexpedite_gp() is invoked from
rcu_end_inkernel_boot(), which is intended to be invoked
at the end of the kernel-only boot sequence, just before
init is exec'ed.
Accept the default if unsure.
endmenu # "RCU Subsystem"
config BUILD_BIN2C
bool
default n
config IKCONFIG
tristate "Kernel .config support"
select BUILD_BIN2C
---help---
This option enables the complete Linux kernel ".config" file
contents to be saved in the kernel. It provides documentation
of which kernel options are used in a running kernel or in an
on-disk kernel. This information can be extracted from the kernel
image file with the script scripts/extract-ikconfig and used as
input to rebuild the current kernel or to build another kernel.
It can also be extracted from a running kernel by reading
/proc/config.gz if enabled (below).
config IKCONFIG_PROC
bool "Enable access to .config through /proc/config.gz"
depends on IKCONFIG && PROC_FS
---help---
This option enables access to the kernel configuration file
through /proc/config.gz.
config LOG_BUF_SHIFT
int "Kernel log buffer size (16 => 64KB, 17 => 128KB)"
range 12 25
default 17
depends on PRINTK
help
printk: allow increasing the ring buffer depending on the number of CPUs The default size of the ring buffer is too small for machines with a large amount of CPUs under heavy load. What ends up happening when debugging is the ring buffer overlaps and chews up old messages making debugging impossible unless the size is passed as a kernel parameter. An idle system upon boot up will on average spew out only about one or two extra lines but where this really matters is on heavy load and that will vary widely depending on the system and environment. There are mechanisms to help increase the kernel ring buffer for tracing through debugfs, and those interfaces even allow growing the kernel ring buffer per CPU. We also have a static value which can be passed upon boot. Relying on debugfs however is not ideal for production, and relying on the value passed upon bootup is can only used *after* an issue has creeped up. Instead of being reactive this adds a proactive measure which lets you scale the amount of contributions you'd expect to the kernel ring buffer under load by each CPU in the worst case scenario. We use num_possible_cpus() to avoid complexities which could be introduced by dynamically changing the ring buffer size at run time, num_possible_cpus() lets us use the upper limit on possible number of CPUs therefore avoiding having to deal with hotplugging CPUs on and off. This introduces the kernel configuration option LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT which is used to specify the maximum amount of contributions to the kernel ring buffer in the worst case before the kernel ring buffer flips over, the size is specified as a power of 2. The total amount of contributions made by each CPU must be greater than half of the default kernel ring buffer size (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger an increase upon bootup. The kernel ring buffer is increased to the next power of two that would fit the required minimum kernel ring buffer size plus the additional CPU contribution. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT is 18 (256 KB) you'd require at least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs in order to trigger an increase of the kernel ring buffer. With a LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require at least anything over > 64 possible CPUs to trigger an increase. If you had 128 possible CPUs the amount of minimum required kernel ring buffer bumps to: ((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB Since we require the ring buffer to be a power of two the new required size would be 1024 KB. This CPU contributions are ignored when the "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is used as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an expected power of two value. [pmladek@suse.cz: fix build] Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Tested-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-07 07:08:56 +08:00
Select the minimal kernel log buffer size as a power of 2.
The final size is affected by LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT config
parameter, see below. Any higher size also might be forced
by "log_buf_len" boot parameter.
Examples:
printk: allow increasing the ring buffer depending on the number of CPUs The default size of the ring buffer is too small for machines with a large amount of CPUs under heavy load. What ends up happening when debugging is the ring buffer overlaps and chews up old messages making debugging impossible unless the size is passed as a kernel parameter. An idle system upon boot up will on average spew out only about one or two extra lines but where this really matters is on heavy load and that will vary widely depending on the system and environment. There are mechanisms to help increase the kernel ring buffer for tracing through debugfs, and those interfaces even allow growing the kernel ring buffer per CPU. We also have a static value which can be passed upon boot. Relying on debugfs however is not ideal for production, and relying on the value passed upon bootup is can only used *after* an issue has creeped up. Instead of being reactive this adds a proactive measure which lets you scale the amount of contributions you'd expect to the kernel ring buffer under load by each CPU in the worst case scenario. We use num_possible_cpus() to avoid complexities which could be introduced by dynamically changing the ring buffer size at run time, num_possible_cpus() lets us use the upper limit on possible number of CPUs therefore avoiding having to deal with hotplugging CPUs on and off. This introduces the kernel configuration option LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT which is used to specify the maximum amount of contributions to the kernel ring buffer in the worst case before the kernel ring buffer flips over, the size is specified as a power of 2. The total amount of contributions made by each CPU must be greater than half of the default kernel ring buffer size (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger an increase upon bootup. The kernel ring buffer is increased to the next power of two that would fit the required minimum kernel ring buffer size plus the additional CPU contribution. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT is 18 (256 KB) you'd require at least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs in order to trigger an increase of the kernel ring buffer. With a LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require at least anything over > 64 possible CPUs to trigger an increase. If you had 128 possible CPUs the amount of minimum required kernel ring buffer bumps to: ((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB Since we require the ring buffer to be a power of two the new required size would be 1024 KB. This CPU contributions are ignored when the "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is used as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an expected power of two value. [pmladek@suse.cz: fix build] Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Tested-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-07 07:08:56 +08:00
17 => 128 KB
16 => 64 KB
printk: allow increasing the ring buffer depending on the number of CPUs The default size of the ring buffer is too small for machines with a large amount of CPUs under heavy load. What ends up happening when debugging is the ring buffer overlaps and chews up old messages making debugging impossible unless the size is passed as a kernel parameter. An idle system upon boot up will on average spew out only about one or two extra lines but where this really matters is on heavy load and that will vary widely depending on the system and environment. There are mechanisms to help increase the kernel ring buffer for tracing through debugfs, and those interfaces even allow growing the kernel ring buffer per CPU. We also have a static value which can be passed upon boot. Relying on debugfs however is not ideal for production, and relying on the value passed upon bootup is can only used *after* an issue has creeped up. Instead of being reactive this adds a proactive measure which lets you scale the amount of contributions you'd expect to the kernel ring buffer under load by each CPU in the worst case scenario. We use num_possible_cpus() to avoid complexities which could be introduced by dynamically changing the ring buffer size at run time, num_possible_cpus() lets us use the upper limit on possible number of CPUs therefore avoiding having to deal with hotplugging CPUs on and off. This introduces the kernel configuration option LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT which is used to specify the maximum amount of contributions to the kernel ring buffer in the worst case before the kernel ring buffer flips over, the size is specified as a power of 2. The total amount of contributions made by each CPU must be greater than half of the default kernel ring buffer size (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger an increase upon bootup. The kernel ring buffer is increased to the next power of two that would fit the required minimum kernel ring buffer size plus the additional CPU contribution. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT is 18 (256 KB) you'd require at least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs in order to trigger an increase of the kernel ring buffer. With a LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require at least anything over > 64 possible CPUs to trigger an increase. If you had 128 possible CPUs the amount of minimum required kernel ring buffer bumps to: ((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB Since we require the ring buffer to be a power of two the new required size would be 1024 KB. This CPU contributions are ignored when the "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is used as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an expected power of two value. [pmladek@suse.cz: fix build] Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Tested-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-07 07:08:56 +08:00
15 => 32 KB
14 => 16 KB
13 => 8 KB
12 => 4 KB
printk: allow increasing the ring buffer depending on the number of CPUs The default size of the ring buffer is too small for machines with a large amount of CPUs under heavy load. What ends up happening when debugging is the ring buffer overlaps and chews up old messages making debugging impossible unless the size is passed as a kernel parameter. An idle system upon boot up will on average spew out only about one or two extra lines but where this really matters is on heavy load and that will vary widely depending on the system and environment. There are mechanisms to help increase the kernel ring buffer for tracing through debugfs, and those interfaces even allow growing the kernel ring buffer per CPU. We also have a static value which can be passed upon boot. Relying on debugfs however is not ideal for production, and relying on the value passed upon bootup is can only used *after* an issue has creeped up. Instead of being reactive this adds a proactive measure which lets you scale the amount of contributions you'd expect to the kernel ring buffer under load by each CPU in the worst case scenario. We use num_possible_cpus() to avoid complexities which could be introduced by dynamically changing the ring buffer size at run time, num_possible_cpus() lets us use the upper limit on possible number of CPUs therefore avoiding having to deal with hotplugging CPUs on and off. This introduces the kernel configuration option LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT which is used to specify the maximum amount of contributions to the kernel ring buffer in the worst case before the kernel ring buffer flips over, the size is specified as a power of 2. The total amount of contributions made by each CPU must be greater than half of the default kernel ring buffer size (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger an increase upon bootup. The kernel ring buffer is increased to the next power of two that would fit the required minimum kernel ring buffer size plus the additional CPU contribution. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT is 18 (256 KB) you'd require at least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs in order to trigger an increase of the kernel ring buffer. With a LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require at least anything over > 64 possible CPUs to trigger an increase. If you had 128 possible CPUs the amount of minimum required kernel ring buffer bumps to: ((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB Since we require the ring buffer to be a power of two the new required size would be 1024 KB. This CPU contributions are ignored when the "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is used as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an expected power of two value. [pmladek@suse.cz: fix build] Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Tested-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-07 07:08:56 +08:00
config LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT
int "CPU kernel log buffer size contribution (13 => 8 KB, 17 => 128KB)"
depends on SMP
printk: allow increasing the ring buffer depending on the number of CPUs The default size of the ring buffer is too small for machines with a large amount of CPUs under heavy load. What ends up happening when debugging is the ring buffer overlaps and chews up old messages making debugging impossible unless the size is passed as a kernel parameter. An idle system upon boot up will on average spew out only about one or two extra lines but where this really matters is on heavy load and that will vary widely depending on the system and environment. There are mechanisms to help increase the kernel ring buffer for tracing through debugfs, and those interfaces even allow growing the kernel ring buffer per CPU. We also have a static value which can be passed upon boot. Relying on debugfs however is not ideal for production, and relying on the value passed upon bootup is can only used *after* an issue has creeped up. Instead of being reactive this adds a proactive measure which lets you scale the amount of contributions you'd expect to the kernel ring buffer under load by each CPU in the worst case scenario. We use num_possible_cpus() to avoid complexities which could be introduced by dynamically changing the ring buffer size at run time, num_possible_cpus() lets us use the upper limit on possible number of CPUs therefore avoiding having to deal with hotplugging CPUs on and off. This introduces the kernel configuration option LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT which is used to specify the maximum amount of contributions to the kernel ring buffer in the worst case before the kernel ring buffer flips over, the size is specified as a power of 2. The total amount of contributions made by each CPU must be greater than half of the default kernel ring buffer size (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger an increase upon bootup. The kernel ring buffer is increased to the next power of two that would fit the required minimum kernel ring buffer size plus the additional CPU contribution. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT is 18 (256 KB) you'd require at least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs in order to trigger an increase of the kernel ring buffer. With a LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require at least anything over > 64 possible CPUs to trigger an increase. If you had 128 possible CPUs the amount of minimum required kernel ring buffer bumps to: ((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB Since we require the ring buffer to be a power of two the new required size would be 1024 KB. This CPU contributions are ignored when the "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is used as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an expected power of two value. [pmladek@suse.cz: fix build] Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Tested-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-07 07:08:56 +08:00
range 0 21
default 12 if !BASE_SMALL
default 0 if BASE_SMALL
depends on PRINTK
printk: allow increasing the ring buffer depending on the number of CPUs The default size of the ring buffer is too small for machines with a large amount of CPUs under heavy load. What ends up happening when debugging is the ring buffer overlaps and chews up old messages making debugging impossible unless the size is passed as a kernel parameter. An idle system upon boot up will on average spew out only about one or two extra lines but where this really matters is on heavy load and that will vary widely depending on the system and environment. There are mechanisms to help increase the kernel ring buffer for tracing through debugfs, and those interfaces even allow growing the kernel ring buffer per CPU. We also have a static value which can be passed upon boot. Relying on debugfs however is not ideal for production, and relying on the value passed upon bootup is can only used *after* an issue has creeped up. Instead of being reactive this adds a proactive measure which lets you scale the amount of contributions you'd expect to the kernel ring buffer under load by each CPU in the worst case scenario. We use num_possible_cpus() to avoid complexities which could be introduced by dynamically changing the ring buffer size at run time, num_possible_cpus() lets us use the upper limit on possible number of CPUs therefore avoiding having to deal with hotplugging CPUs on and off. This introduces the kernel configuration option LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT which is used to specify the maximum amount of contributions to the kernel ring buffer in the worst case before the kernel ring buffer flips over, the size is specified as a power of 2. The total amount of contributions made by each CPU must be greater than half of the default kernel ring buffer size (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger an increase upon bootup. The kernel ring buffer is increased to the next power of two that would fit the required minimum kernel ring buffer size plus the additional CPU contribution. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT is 18 (256 KB) you'd require at least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs in order to trigger an increase of the kernel ring buffer. With a LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require at least anything over > 64 possible CPUs to trigger an increase. If you had 128 possible CPUs the amount of minimum required kernel ring buffer bumps to: ((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB Since we require the ring buffer to be a power of two the new required size would be 1024 KB. This CPU contributions are ignored when the "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is used as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an expected power of two value. [pmladek@suse.cz: fix build] Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Tested-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-07 07:08:56 +08:00
help
This option allows to increase the default ring buffer size
according to the number of CPUs. The value defines the contribution
of each CPU as a power of 2. The used space is typically only few
lines however it might be much more when problems are reported,
e.g. backtraces.
The increased size means that a new buffer has to be allocated and
the original static one is unused. It makes sense only on systems
with more CPUs. Therefore this value is used only when the sum of
contributions is greater than the half of the default kernel ring
buffer as defined by LOG_BUF_SHIFT. The default values are set
so that more than 64 CPUs are needed to trigger the allocation.
Also this option is ignored when "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is
used as it forces an exact (power of two) size of the ring buffer.
The number of possible CPUs is used for this computation ignoring
hotplugging making the compuation optimal for the the worst case
scenerio while allowing a simple algorithm to be used from bootup.
Examples shift values and their meaning:
17 => 128 KB for each CPU
16 => 64 KB for each CPU
15 => 32 KB for each CPU
14 => 16 KB for each CPU
13 => 8 KB for each CPU
12 => 4 KB for each CPU
#
# Architectures with an unreliable sched_clock() should select this:
#
config HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
bool
config GENERIC_SCHED_CLOCK
bool
#
# For architectures that want to enable the support for NUMA-affine scheduler
# balancing logic:
#
config ARCH_SUPPORTS_NUMA_BALANCING
bool
mm: send one IPI per CPU to TLB flush all entries after unmapping pages An IPI is sent to flush remote TLBs when a page is unmapped that was potentially accesssed by other CPUs. There are many circumstances where this happens but the obvious one is kswapd reclaiming pages belonging to a running process as kswapd and the task are likely running on separate CPUs. On small machines, this is not a significant problem but as machine gets larger with more cores and more memory, the cost of these IPIs can be high. This patch uses a simple structure that tracks CPUs that potentially have TLB entries for pages being unmapped. When the unmapping is complete, the full TLB is flushed on the assumption that a refill cost is lower than flushing individual entries. Architectures wishing to do this must give the following guarantee. If a clean page is unmapped and not immediately flushed, the architecture must guarantee that a write to that linear address from a CPU with a cached TLB entry will trap a page fault. This is essentially what the kernel already depends on but the window is much larger with this patch applied and is worth highlighting. The architecture should consider whether the cost of the full TLB flush is higher than sending an IPI to flush each individual entry. An additional architecture helper called flush_tlb_local is required. It's a trivial wrapper with some accounting in the x86 case. The impact of this patch depends on the workload as measuring any benefit requires both mapped pages co-located on the LRU and memory pressure. The case with the biggest impact is multiple processes reading mapped pages taken from the vm-scalability test suite. The test case uses NR_CPU readers of mapped files that consume 10*RAM. Linear mapped reader on a 4-node machine with 64G RAM and 48 CPUs 4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1 vanilla flushfull-v7 Ops lru-file-mmap-read-elapsed 159.62 ( 0.00%) 120.68 ( 24.40%) Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_range 30.59 ( 0.00%) 2.80 ( 90.85%) Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_stddv 6.70 ( 0.00%) 0.64 ( 90.38%) 4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1 vanilla flushfull-v7 User 581.00 611.43 System 5804.93 4111.76 Elapsed 161.03 122.12 This is showing that the readers completed 24.40% faster with 29% less system CPU time. From vmstats, it is known that the vanilla kernel was interrupted roughly 900K times per second during the steady phase of the test and the patched kernel was interrupts 180K times per second. The impact is lower on a single socket machine. 4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1 vanilla flushfull-v7 Ops lru-file-mmap-read-elapsed 25.33 ( 0.00%) 20.38 ( 19.54%) Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_range 0.91 ( 0.00%) 1.44 (-58.24%) Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_stddv 0.28 ( 0.00%) 0.47 (-65.34%) 4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1 vanilla flushfull-v7 User 58.09 57.64 System 111.82 76.56 Elapsed 27.29 22.55 It's still a noticeable improvement with vmstat showing interrupts went from roughly 500K per second to 45K per second. The patch will have no impact on workloads with no memory pressure or have relatively few mapped pages. It will have an unpredictable impact on the workload running on the CPU being flushed as it'll depend on how many TLB entries need to be refilled and how long that takes. Worst case, the TLB will be completely cleared of active entries when the target PFNs were not resident at all. [sasha.levin@oracle.com: trace tlb flush after disabling preemption in try_to_unmap_flush] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-05 06:47:32 +08:00
#
# For architectures that prefer to flush all TLBs after a number of pages
# are unmapped instead of sending one IPI per page to flush. The architecture
# must provide guarantees on what happens if a clean TLB cache entry is
# written after the unmap. Details are in mm/rmap.c near the check for
# should_defer_flush. The architecture should also consider if the full flush
# and the refill costs are offset by the savings of sending fewer IPIs.
config ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH
bool
#
# For architectures that know their GCC __int128 support is sound
#
config ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128
bool
# For architectures that (ab)use NUMA to represent different memory regions
# all cpu-local but of different latencies, such as SuperH.
#
config ARCH_WANT_NUMA_VARIABLE_LOCALITY
bool
config NUMA_BALANCING
bool "Memory placement aware NUMA scheduler"
depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_NUMA_BALANCING
depends on !ARCH_WANT_NUMA_VARIABLE_LOCALITY
depends on SMP && NUMA && MIGRATION
help
This option adds support for automatic NUMA aware memory/task placement.
The mechanism is quite primitive and is based on migrating memory when
it has references to the node the task is running on.
This system will be inactive on UMA systems.
config NUMA_BALANCING_DEFAULT_ENABLED
bool "Automatically enable NUMA aware memory/task placement"
default y
depends on NUMA_BALANCING
help
If set, automatic NUMA balancing will be enabled if running on a NUMA
machine.
menuconfig CGROUPS
bool "Control Group support"
cgroup: convert to kernfs cgroup filesystem code was derived from the original sysfs implementation which was heavily intertwined with vfs objects and locking with the goal of re-using the existing vfs infrastructure. That experiment turned out rather disastrous and sysfs switched, a long time ago, to distributed filesystem model where a separate representation is maintained which is queried by vfs. Unfortunately, cgroup stuck with the failed experiment all these years and accumulated even more problems over time. Locking and object lifetime management being entangled with vfs is probably the most egregious. vfs is never designed to be misused like this and cgroup ends up jumping through various convoluted dancing to make things work. Even then, operations across multiple cgroups can't be done safely as it'll deadlock with rename locking. Recently, kernfs is separated out from sysfs so that it can be used by users other than sysfs. This patch converts cgroup to use kernfs, which will bring the following benefits. * Separation from vfs internals. Locking and object lifetime management is contained in cgroup proper making things a lot simpler. This removes significant amount of locking convolutions, hairy object lifetime rules and the restriction on multi-cgroup operations. * Can drop a lot of code to implement filesystem interface as most are provided by kernfs. * Proper "severing" semantics, which allows controllers to not worry about lingering file accesses after offline. While the preceding patches did as much as possible to make the transition less painful, large part of the conversion has to be one discrete step making this patch rather large. The rest of the commit message lists notable changes in different areas. Overall ------- * vfs constructs replaced with kernfs ones. cgroup->dentry w/ ->kn, cgroupfs_root->sb w/ ->kf_root. * All dentry accessors are removed. Helpers to map from kernfs constructs are added. * All vfs plumbing around dentry, inode and bdi removed. * cgroup_mount() now directly looks for matching root and then proceeds to create a new one if not found. Synchronization and object lifetime ----------------------------------- * vfs inode locking removed. Among other things, this removes the need for the convolution in cgroup_cfts_commit(). Future patches will further simplify it. * vfs refcnting replaced with cgroup internal ones. cgroup->refcnt, cgroupfs_root->refcnt added. cgroup_put_root() now directly puts root->refcnt and when it reaches zero proceeds to destroy it thus merging cgroup_put_root() and the former cgroup_kill_sb(). Simliarly, cgroup_put() now directly schedules cgroup_free_rcu() when refcnt reaches zero. * Unlike before, kernfs objects don't hold onto cgroup objects. When cgroup destroys a kernfs node, all existing operations are drained and the association is broken immediately. The same for cgroupfs_roots and mounts. * All operations which come through kernfs guarantee that the associated cgroup is and stays valid for the duration of operation; however, there are two paths which need to find out the associated cgroup from dentry without going through kernfs - css_tryget_from_dir() and cgroupstats_build(). For these two, kernfs_node->priv is RCU managed so that they can dereference it under RCU read lock. File and directory handling --------------------------- * File and directory operations converted to kernfs_ops and kernfs_syscall_ops. * xattrs is implicitly supported by kernfs. No need to worry about it from cgroup. This means that "xattr" mount option is no longer necessary. A future patch will add a deprecated warning message when sane_behavior. * When cftype->max_write_len > PAGE_SIZE, it's necessary to make a private copy of one of the kernfs_ops to set its atomic_write_len. cftype->kf_ops is added and cgroup_init/exit_cftypes() are updated to handle it. * cftype->lockdep_key added so that kernfs lockdep annotation can be per cftype. * Inidividual file entries and open states are now managed by kernfs. No need to worry about them from cgroup. cfent, cgroup_open_file and their friends are removed. * kernfs_nodes are created deactivated and kernfs_activate() invocations added to places where creation of new nodes are committed. * cgroup_rmdir() uses kernfs_[un]break_active_protection() for self-removal. v2: - Li pointed out in an earlier patch that specifying "name=" during mount without subsystem specification should succeed if there's an existing hierarchy with a matching name although it should fail with -EINVAL if a new hierarchy should be created. Prior to the conversion, this used by handled by deferring failure from NULL return from cgroup_root_from_opts(), which was necessary because root was being created before checking for existing ones. Note that cgroup_root_from_opts() returned an ERR_PTR() value for error conditions which require immediate mount failure. As we now have separate search and creation steps, deferring failure from cgroup_root_from_opts() is no longer necessary. cgroup_root_from_opts() is updated to always return ERR_PTR() value on failure. - The logic to match existing roots is updated so that a mount attempt with a matching name but different subsys_mask are rejected. This was handled by a separate matching loop under the comment "Check for name clashes with existing mounts" but got lost during conversion. Merge the check into the main search loop. - Add __rcu __force casting in RCU_INIT_POINTER() in cgroup_destroy_locked() to avoid the sparse address space warning reported by kbuild test bot. Maybe we want an explicit interface to use kn->priv as RCU protected pointer? v3: Make CONFIG_CGROUPS select CONFIG_KERNFS. v4: Rebased on top of 0ab02ca8f887 ("cgroup: protect modifications to cgroup_idr with cgroup_mutex"). Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Cc: kbuild test robot fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2014-02-12 00:52:49 +08:00
select KERNFS
help
This option adds support for grouping sets of processes together, for
use with process control subsystems such as Cpusets, CFS, memory
controls or device isolation.
See
- Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt (CFS)
- Documentation/cgroups/ (features for grouping, isolation
and resource control)
Say N if unsure.
if CGROUPS
mm: memcontrol: lockless page counters Memory is internally accounted in bytes, using spinlock-protected 64-bit counters, even though the smallest accounting delta is a page. The counter interface is also convoluted and does too many things. Introduce a new lockless word-sized page counter API, then change all memory accounting over to it. The translation from and to bytes then only happens when interfacing with userspace. The removed locking overhead is noticable when scaling beyond the per-cpu charge caches - on a 4-socket machine with 144-threads, the following test shows the performance differences of 288 memcgs concurrently running a page fault benchmark: vanilla: 18631648.500498 task-clock (msec) # 140.643 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.33% ) 1,380,638 context-switches # 0.074 K/sec ( +- 0.75% ) 24,390 cpu-migrations # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 8.44% ) 1,843,305,768 page-faults # 0.099 M/sec ( +- 0.00% ) 50,134,994,088,218 cycles # 2.691 GHz ( +- 0.33% ) <not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend 8,049,712,224,651 instructions # 0.16 insns per cycle ( +- 0.04% ) 1,586,970,584,979 branches # 85.176 M/sec ( +- 0.05% ) 1,724,989,949 branch-misses # 0.11% of all branches ( +- 0.48% ) 132.474343877 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.21% ) lockless: 12195979.037525 task-clock (msec) # 133.480 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.18% ) 832,850 context-switches # 0.068 K/sec ( +- 0.54% ) 15,624 cpu-migrations # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 10.17% ) 1,843,304,774 page-faults # 0.151 M/sec ( +- 0.00% ) 32,811,216,801,141 cycles # 2.690 GHz ( +- 0.18% ) <not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend 9,999,265,091,727 instructions # 0.30 insns per cycle ( +- 0.10% ) 2,076,759,325,203 branches # 170.282 M/sec ( +- 0.12% ) 1,656,917,214 branch-misses # 0.08% of all branches ( +- 0.55% ) 91.369330729 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.45% ) On top of improved scalability, this also gets rid of the icky long long types in the very heart of memcg, which is great for 32 bit and also makes the code a lot more readable. Notable differences between the old and new API: - res_counter_charge() and res_counter_charge_nofail() become page_counter_try_charge() and page_counter_charge() resp. to match the more common kernel naming scheme of try_do()/do() - res_counter_uncharge_until() is only ever used to cancel a local counter and never to uncharge bigger segments of a hierarchy, so it's replaced by the simpler page_counter_cancel() - res_counter_set_limit() is replaced by page_counter_limit(), which expects its callers to serialize against themselves - res_counter_memparse_write_strategy() is replaced by page_counter_limit(), which rounds down to the nearest page size - rather than up. This is more reasonable for explicitely requested hard upper limits. - to keep charging light-weight, page_counter_try_charge() charges speculatively, only to roll back if the result exceeds the limit. Because of this, a failing bigger charge can temporarily lock out smaller charges that would otherwise succeed. The error is bounded to the difference between the smallest and the biggest possible charge size, so for memcg, this means that a failing THP charge can send base page charges into reclaim upto 2MB (4MB) before the limit would have been reached. This should be acceptable. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add includes for WARN_ON_ONCE and memparse] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add includes for WARN_ON_ONCE, memparse, strncmp, and PAGE_SIZE] Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:42:31 +08:00
config PAGE_COUNTER
bool
config MEMCG
bool "Memory controller"
mm: memcontrol: lockless page counters Memory is internally accounted in bytes, using spinlock-protected 64-bit counters, even though the smallest accounting delta is a page. The counter interface is also convoluted and does too many things. Introduce a new lockless word-sized page counter API, then change all memory accounting over to it. The translation from and to bytes then only happens when interfacing with userspace. The removed locking overhead is noticable when scaling beyond the per-cpu charge caches - on a 4-socket machine with 144-threads, the following test shows the performance differences of 288 memcgs concurrently running a page fault benchmark: vanilla: 18631648.500498 task-clock (msec) # 140.643 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.33% ) 1,380,638 context-switches # 0.074 K/sec ( +- 0.75% ) 24,390 cpu-migrations # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 8.44% ) 1,843,305,768 page-faults # 0.099 M/sec ( +- 0.00% ) 50,134,994,088,218 cycles # 2.691 GHz ( +- 0.33% ) <not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend 8,049,712,224,651 instructions # 0.16 insns per cycle ( +- 0.04% ) 1,586,970,584,979 branches # 85.176 M/sec ( +- 0.05% ) 1,724,989,949 branch-misses # 0.11% of all branches ( +- 0.48% ) 132.474343877 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.21% ) lockless: 12195979.037525 task-clock (msec) # 133.480 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.18% ) 832,850 context-switches # 0.068 K/sec ( +- 0.54% ) 15,624 cpu-migrations # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 10.17% ) 1,843,304,774 page-faults # 0.151 M/sec ( +- 0.00% ) 32,811,216,801,141 cycles # 2.690 GHz ( +- 0.18% ) <not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend 9,999,265,091,727 instructions # 0.30 insns per cycle ( +- 0.10% ) 2,076,759,325,203 branches # 170.282 M/sec ( +- 0.12% ) 1,656,917,214 branch-misses # 0.08% of all branches ( +- 0.55% ) 91.369330729 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.45% ) On top of improved scalability, this also gets rid of the icky long long types in the very heart of memcg, which is great for 32 bit and also makes the code a lot more readable. Notable differences between the old and new API: - res_counter_charge() and res_counter_charge_nofail() become page_counter_try_charge() and page_counter_charge() resp. to match the more common kernel naming scheme of try_do()/do() - res_counter_uncharge_until() is only ever used to cancel a local counter and never to uncharge bigger segments of a hierarchy, so it's replaced by the simpler page_counter_cancel() - res_counter_set_limit() is replaced by page_counter_limit(), which expects its callers to serialize against themselves - res_counter_memparse_write_strategy() is replaced by page_counter_limit(), which rounds down to the nearest page size - rather than up. This is more reasonable for explicitely requested hard upper limits. - to keep charging light-weight, page_counter_try_charge() charges speculatively, only to roll back if the result exceeds the limit. Because of this, a failing bigger charge can temporarily lock out smaller charges that would otherwise succeed. The error is bounded to the difference between the smallest and the biggest possible charge size, so for memcg, this means that a failing THP charge can send base page charges into reclaim upto 2MB (4MB) before the limit would have been reached. This should be acceptable. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add includes for WARN_ON_ONCE and memparse] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add includes for WARN_ON_ONCE, memparse, strncmp, and PAGE_SIZE] Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:42:31 +08:00
select PAGE_COUNTER
cgroup, memcg: move cgroup_event implementation to memcg cgroup_event is way over-designed and tries to build a generic flexible event mechanism into cgroup - fully customizable event specification for each user of the interface. This is utterly unnecessary and overboard especially in the light of the planned unified hierarchy as there's gonna be single agent. Simply generating events at fixed points, or if that's too restrictive, configureable cadence or single set of configureable points should be enough. Thankfully, memcg is the only user and gets to keep it. Replacing it with something simpler on sane_behavior is strongly recommended. This patch moves cgroup_event and "cgroup.event_control" implementation to mm/memcontrol.c. Clearing of events on cgroup destruction is moved from cgroup_destroy_locked() to mem_cgroup_css_offline(), which shouldn't make any noticeable difference. cgroup_css() and __file_cft() are exported to enable the move; however, this will soon be reverted once the event code is updated to be memcg specific. Note that "cgroup.event_control" will now exist only on the hierarchy with memcg attached to it. While this change is visible to userland, it is unlikely to be noticeable as the file has never been meaningful outside memcg. Aside from the above change, this is pure code relocation. v2: Per Li Zefan's comments, init/Kconfig updated accordingly and poll.h inclusion moved from cgroup.c to memcontrol.c. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
2013-11-23 07:20:42 +08:00
select EVENTFD
help
Provides control over the memory footprint of tasks in a cgroup.
config MEMCG_SWAP
bool "Swap controller"
depends on MEMCG && SWAP
help
Provides control over the swap space consumed by tasks in a cgroup.
config MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED
bool "Swap controller enabled by default"
depends on MEMCG_SWAP
default y
help
Memory Resource Controller Swap Extension comes with its price in
a bigger memory consumption. General purpose distribution kernels
which want to enable the feature but keep it disabled by default
and let the user enable it by swapaccount=1 boot command line
parameter should have this option unselected.
For those who want to have the feature enabled by default should
select this option (if, for some reason, they need to disable it
then swapaccount=0 does the trick).
config BLK_CGROUP
bool "IO controller"
depends on BLOCK
default n
---help---
Generic block IO controller cgroup interface. This is the common
cgroup interface which should be used by various IO controlling
policies.
Currently, CFQ IO scheduler uses it to recognize task groups and
control disk bandwidth allocation (proportional time slice allocation)
to such task groups. It is also used by bio throttling logic in
block layer to implement upper limit in IO rates on a device.
This option only enables generic Block IO controller infrastructure.
One needs to also enable actual IO controlling logic/policy. For
enabling proportional weight division of disk bandwidth in CFQ, set
CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED=y; for enabling throttling policy, set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING=y.
See Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt for more information.
config DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP
bool "IO controller debugging"
depends on BLK_CGROUP
default n
---help---
Enable some debugging help. Currently it exports additional stat
files in a cgroup which can be useful for debugging.
config CGROUP_WRITEBACK
bool
depends on MEMCG && BLK_CGROUP
default y
menuconfig CGROUP_SCHED
bool "CPU controller"
default n
help
This feature lets CPU scheduler recognize task groups and control CPU
bandwidth allocation to such task groups. It uses cgroups to group
tasks.
if CGROUP_SCHED
config FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
bool "Group scheduling for SCHED_OTHER"
depends on CGROUP_SCHED
default CGROUP_SCHED
config CFS_BANDWIDTH
bool "CPU bandwidth provisioning for FAIR_GROUP_SCHED"
depends on FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
default n
help
This option allows users to define CPU bandwidth rates (limits) for
tasks running within the fair group scheduler. Groups with no limit
set are considered to be unconstrained and will run with no
restriction.
See tip/Documentation/scheduler/sched-bwc.txt for more information.
config RT_GROUP_SCHED
bool "Group scheduling for SCHED_RR/FIFO"
depends on CGROUP_SCHED
default n
help
This feature lets you explicitly allocate real CPU bandwidth
to task groups. If enabled, it will also make it impossible to
schedule realtime tasks for non-root users until you allocate
realtime bandwidth for them.
See Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt for more information.
endif #CGROUP_SCHED
config CGROUP_PIDS
bool "PIDs controller"
help
Provides enforcement of process number limits in the scope of a
cgroup. Any attempt to fork more processes than is allowed in the
cgroup will fail. PIDs are fundamentally a global resource because it
is fairly trivial to reach PID exhaustion before you reach even a
conservative kmemcg limit. As a result, it is possible to grind a
system to halt without being limited by other cgroup policies. The
PIDs controller is designed to stop this from happening.
It should be noted that organisational operations (such as attaching
to a cgroup hierarchy will *not* be blocked by the PIDs controller),
since the PIDs limit only affects a process's ability to fork, not to
attach to a cgroup.
config CGROUP_FREEZER
bool "Freezer controller"
help
Provides a way to freeze and unfreeze all tasks in a
cgroup.
This option affects the ORIGINAL cgroup interface. The cgroup2 memory
controller includes important in-kernel memory consumers per default.
If you're using cgroup2, say N.
config CGROUP_HUGETLB
bool "HugeTLB controller"
depends on HUGETLB_PAGE
select PAGE_COUNTER
default n
help
Provides a cgroup controller for HugeTLB pages.
When you enable this, you can put a per cgroup limit on HugeTLB usage.
The limit is enforced during page fault. Since HugeTLB doesn't
support page reclaim, enforcing the limit at page fault time implies
that, the application will get SIGBUS signal if it tries to access
HugeTLB pages beyond its limit. This requires the application to know
beforehand how much HugeTLB pages it would require for its use. The
control group is tracked in the third page lru pointer. This means
that we cannot use the controller with huge page less than 3 pages.
config CPUSETS
bool "Cpuset controller"
help
This option will let you create and manage CPUSETs which
allow dynamically partitioning a system into sets of CPUs and
Memory Nodes and assigning tasks to run only within those sets.
This is primarily useful on large SMP or NUMA systems.
Say N if unsure.
config PROC_PID_CPUSET
bool "Include legacy /proc/<pid>/cpuset file"
depends on CPUSETS
default y
config CGROUP_DEVICE
bool "Device controller"
help
Provides a cgroup controller implementing whitelists for
devices which a process in the cgroup can mknod or open.
config CGROUP_CPUACCT
bool "Simple CPU accounting controller"
help
Provides a simple controller for monitoring the
total CPU consumed by the tasks in a cgroup.
config CGROUP_PERF
bool "Perf controller"
depends on PERF_EVENTS
help
This option extends the perf per-cpu mode to restrict monitoring
to threads which belong to the cgroup specified and run on the
designated cpu.
Say N if unsure.
config CGROUP_DEBUG
bool "Example controller"
default n
help
This option enables a simple controller that exports
debugging information about the cgroups framework.
Say N.
endif # CGROUPS
config CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
bool "Checkpoint/restore support" if EXPERT
fs, proc: introduce CONFIG_PROC_CHILDREN Commit 818411616baf ("fs, proc: introduce /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children entry") introduced the children entry for checkpoint restore and the file is only available on kernels configured with CONFIG_EXPERT and CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE. This is available in most distributions (Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, CoreOS) because they usually enable CONFIG_EXPERT and CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE. But Arch does not enable CONFIG_EXPERT or CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE. However, the children proc file is useful outside of checkpoint restore. I would like to use it in rkt. The rkt process exec() another program it does not control, and that other program will fork()+exec() a child process. I would like to find the pid of the child process from an external tool without iterating in /proc over all processes to find which one has a parent pid equal to rkt. This commit introduces CONFIG_PROC_CHILDREN and makes CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE select it. This allows enabling /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children without needing to enable CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE and CONFIG_EXPERT. Alban tested that /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children is present when the kernel is configured with CONFIG_PROC_CHILDREN=y but without CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE Signed-off-by: Iago López Galeiras <iago@endocode.com> Tested-by: Alban Crequy <alban@endocode.com> Reviewed-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Djalal Harouni <djalal@endocode.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-06-26 06:00:57 +08:00
select PROC_CHILDREN
default n
help
Enables additional kernel features in a sake of checkpoint/restore.
In particular it adds auxiliary prctl codes to setup process text,
data and heap segment sizes, and a few additional /proc filesystem
entries.
If unsure, say N here.
menuconfig NAMESPACES
bool "Namespaces support" if EXPERT
kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems, supporting multiple users is not necessary. This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled under CONFIG_EXPERT menu. When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case and processes always have all capabilities. The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid, setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups, getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset. Also, groups.c is compiled out completely. In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid adding two ifdef blocks. This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much. The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work. Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS. Bloat-o-meter output: add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-16 07:16:41 +08:00
depends on MULTIUSER
default !EXPERT
help
Provides the way to make tasks work with different objects using
the same id. For example same IPC id may refer to different objects
or same user id or pid may refer to different tasks when used in
different namespaces.
if NAMESPACES
config UTS_NS
bool "UTS namespace"
default y
help
In this namespace tasks see different info provided with the
uname() system call
namespaces: move the IPC namespace under IPC_NS option Currently the IPC namespace management code is spread over the ipc/*.c files. I moved this code into ipc/namespace.c file which is compiled out when needed. The linux/ipc_namespace.h file is used to store the prototypes of the functions in namespace.c and the stubs for NAMESPACES=n case. This is done so, because the stub for copy_ipc_namespace requires the knowledge of the CLONE_NEWIPC flag, which is in sched.h. But the linux/ipc.h file itself in included into many many .c files via the sys.h->sem.h sequence so adding the sched.h into it will make all these .c depend on sched.h which is not that good. On the other hand the knowledge about the namespaces stuff is required in 4 .c files only. Besides, this patch compiles out some auxiliary functions from ipc/sem.c, msg.c and shm.c files. It turned out that moving these functions into namespaces.c is not that easy because they use many other calls and macros from the original file. Moving them would make this patch complicated. On the other hand all these functions can be consolidated, so I will send a separate patch doing this a bit later. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 20:18:22 +08:00
config IPC_NS
bool "IPC namespace"
depends on (SYSVIPC || POSIX_MQUEUE)
default y
namespaces: move the IPC namespace under IPC_NS option Currently the IPC namespace management code is spread over the ipc/*.c files. I moved this code into ipc/namespace.c file which is compiled out when needed. The linux/ipc_namespace.h file is used to store the prototypes of the functions in namespace.c and the stubs for NAMESPACES=n case. This is done so, because the stub for copy_ipc_namespace requires the knowledge of the CLONE_NEWIPC flag, which is in sched.h. But the linux/ipc.h file itself in included into many many .c files via the sys.h->sem.h sequence so adding the sched.h into it will make all these .c depend on sched.h which is not that good. On the other hand the knowledge about the namespaces stuff is required in 4 .c files only. Besides, this patch compiles out some auxiliary functions from ipc/sem.c, msg.c and shm.c files. It turned out that moving these functions into namespaces.c is not that easy because they use many other calls and macros from the original file. Moving them would make this patch complicated. On the other hand all these functions can be consolidated, so I will send a separate patch doing this a bit later. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 20:18:22 +08:00
help
In this namespace tasks work with IPC ids which correspond to
different IPC objects in different namespaces.
namespaces: move the IPC namespace under IPC_NS option Currently the IPC namespace management code is spread over the ipc/*.c files. I moved this code into ipc/namespace.c file which is compiled out when needed. The linux/ipc_namespace.h file is used to store the prototypes of the functions in namespace.c and the stubs for NAMESPACES=n case. This is done so, because the stub for copy_ipc_namespace requires the knowledge of the CLONE_NEWIPC flag, which is in sched.h. But the linux/ipc.h file itself in included into many many .c files via the sys.h->sem.h sequence so adding the sched.h into it will make all these .c depend on sched.h which is not that good. On the other hand the knowledge about the namespaces stuff is required in 4 .c files only. Besides, this patch compiles out some auxiliary functions from ipc/sem.c, msg.c and shm.c files. It turned out that moving these functions into namespaces.c is not that easy because they use many other calls and macros from the original file. Moving them would make this patch complicated. On the other hand all these functions can be consolidated, so I will send a separate patch doing this a bit later. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 20:18:22 +08:00
config USER_NS
bool "User namespace"
default n
help
This allows containers, i.e. vservers, to use user namespaces
to provide different user info for different servers.
When user namespaces are enabled in the kernel it is
recommended that the MEMCG option also be enabled and that
user-space use the memory control groups to limit the amount
of memory a memory unprivileged users can use.
If unsure, say N.
config PID_NS
bool "PID Namespaces"
default y
help
Support process id namespaces. This allows having multiple
processes with the same pid as long as they are in different
pid namespaces. This is a building block of containers.
config NET_NS
bool "Network namespace"
depends on NET
default y
help
Allow user space to create what appear to be multiple instances
of the network stack.
endif # NAMESPACES
sched: Add 'autogroup' scheduling feature: automated per session task groups A recurring complaint from CFS users is that parallel kbuild has a negative impact on desktop interactivity. This patch implements an idea from Linus, to automatically create task groups. Currently, only per session autogroups are implemented, but the patch leaves the way open for enhancement. Implementation: each task's signal struct contains an inherited pointer to a refcounted autogroup struct containing a task group pointer, the default for all tasks pointing to the init_task_group. When a task calls setsid(), a new task group is created, the process is moved into the new task group, and a reference to the preveious task group is dropped. Child processes inherit this task group thereafter, and increase it's refcount. When the last thread of a process exits, the process's reference is dropped, such that when the last process referencing an autogroup exits, the autogroup is destroyed. At runqueue selection time, IFF a task has no cgroup assignment, its current autogroup is used. Autogroup bandwidth is controllable via setting it's nice level through the proc filesystem: cat /proc/<pid>/autogroup Displays the task's group and the group's nice level. echo <nice level> > /proc/<pid>/autogroup Sets the task group's shares to the weight of nice <level> task. Setting nice level is rate limited for !admin users due to the abuse risk of task group locking. The feature is enabled from boot by default if CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP=y is selected, but can be disabled via the boot option noautogroup, and can also be turned on/off on the fly via: echo [01] > /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled ... which will automatically move tasks to/from the root task group. Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> [ Removed the task_group_path() debug code, and fixed !EVENTFD build failure. ] Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> LKML-Reference: <1290281700.28711.9.camel@maggy.simson.net> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-11-30 21:18:03 +08:00
config SCHED_AUTOGROUP
bool "Automatic process group scheduling"
select CGROUPS
select CGROUP_SCHED
select FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
help
This option optimizes the scheduler for common desktop workloads by
automatically creating and populating task groups. This separation
of workloads isolates aggressive CPU burners (like build jobs) from
desktop applications. Task group autogeneration is currently based
upon task session.
config SYSFS_DEPRECATED
bool "Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools"
depends on SYSFS
default n
help
This option adds code that switches the layout of the "block" class
devices, to not show up in /sys/class/block/, but only in
/sys/block/.
This switch is only active when the sysfs.deprecated=1 boot option is
passed or the SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 option is set.
This option allows new kernels to run on old distributions and tools,
which might get confused by /sys/class/block/. Since 2007/2008 all
major distributions and tools handle this just fine.
Recent distributions and userspace tools after 2009/2010 depend on
the existence of /sys/class/block/, and will not work with this
option enabled.
Only if you are using a new kernel on an old distribution, you might
need to say Y here.
config SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2
bool "Enable deprecated sysfs features by default"
default n
depends on SYSFS
depends on SYSFS_DEPRECATED
help
Enable deprecated sysfs by default.
See the CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED option for more details about this
option.
Only if you are using a new kernel on an old distribution, you might
need to say Y here. Even then, odds are you would not need it
enabled, you can always pass the boot option if absolutely necessary.
config RELAY
bool "Kernel->user space relay support (formerly relayfs)"
help
This option enables support for relay interface support in
certain file systems (such as debugfs).
It is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
user space.
If unsure, say N.
config BLK_DEV_INITRD
bool "Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support"
depends on BROKEN || !FRV
help
The initial RAM filesystem is a ramfs which is loaded by the
boot loader (loadlin or lilo) and that is mounted as root
before the normal boot procedure. It is typically used to
load modules needed to mount the "real" root file system,
etc. See <file:Documentation/initrd.txt> for details.
If RAM disk support (BLK_DEV_RAM) is also included, this
also enables initial RAM disk (initrd) support and adds
15 Kbytes (more on some other architectures) to the kernel size.
If unsure say Y.
if BLK_DEV_INITRD
source "usr/Kconfig"
endif
config CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE
bool "Optimize for size"
help
Enabling this option will pass "-Os" instead of "-O2" to
your compiler resulting in a smaller kernel.
If unsure, say N.
config SYSCTL
bool
config ANON_INODES
bool
config HAVE_UID16
bool
config SYSCTL_EXCEPTION_TRACE
bool
help
Enable support for /proc/sys/debug/exception-trace.
config SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_NO_WARN
bool
help
Enable support for /proc/sys/kernel/ignore-unaligned-usertrap
Allows arch to define/use @no_unaligned_warning to possibly warn
about unaligned access emulation going on under the hood.
config SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_ALLOW
bool
help
Enable support for /proc/sys/kernel/unaligned-trap
Allows arches to define/use @unaligned_enabled to runtime toggle
the unaligned access emulation.
see arch/parisc/kernel/unaligned.c for reference
config HAVE_PCSPKR_PLATFORM
bool
# interpreter that classic socket filters depend on
config BPF
bool
menuconfig EXPERT
bool "Configure standard kernel features (expert users)"
# Unhide debug options, to make the on-by-default options visible
select DEBUG_KERNEL
help
This option allows certain base kernel options and settings
to be disabled or tweaked. This is for specialized
environments which can tolerate a "non-standard" kernel.
Only use this if you really know what you are doing.
config UID16
bool "Enable 16-bit UID system calls" if EXPERT
kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems, supporting multiple users is not necessary. This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled under CONFIG_EXPERT menu. When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case and processes always have all capabilities. The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid, setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups, getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset. Also, groups.c is compiled out completely. In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid adding two ifdef blocks. This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much. The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work. Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS. Bloat-o-meter output: add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-16 07:16:41 +08:00
depends on HAVE_UID16 && MULTIUSER
default y
help
This enables the legacy 16-bit UID syscall wrappers.
kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems, supporting multiple users is not necessary. This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled under CONFIG_EXPERT menu. When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case and processes always have all capabilities. The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid, setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups, getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset. Also, groups.c is compiled out completely. In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid adding two ifdef blocks. This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much. The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work. Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS. Bloat-o-meter output: add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-16 07:16:41 +08:00
config MULTIUSER
bool "Multiple users, groups and capabilities support" if EXPERT
default y
help
This option enables support for non-root users, groups and
capabilities.
If you say N here, all processes will run with UID 0, GID 0, and all
possible capabilities. Saying N here also compiles out support for
system calls related to UIDs, GIDs, and capabilities, such as setuid,
setgid, and capset.
If unsure, say Y here.
config SGETMASK_SYSCALL
bool "sgetmask/ssetmask syscalls support" if EXPERT
def_bool PARISC || MN10300 || BLACKFIN || M68K || PPC || MIPS || X86 || SPARC || CRIS || MICROBLAZE || SUPERH
---help---
sys_sgetmask and sys_ssetmask are obsolete system calls
no longer supported in libc but still enabled by default in some
architectures.
If unsure, leave the default option here.
config SYSFS_SYSCALL
bool "Sysfs syscall support" if EXPERT
default y
---help---
sys_sysfs is an obsolete system call no longer supported in libc.
Note that disabling this option is more secure but might break
compatibility with some systems.
If unsure say Y here.
config SYSCTL_SYSCALL
bool "Sysctl syscall support" if EXPERT
depends on PROC_SYSCTL
default n
select SYSCTL
---help---
[PATCH] sysctl: Undeprecate sys_sysctl The basic issue is that despite have been deprecated and warned about as a very bad thing in the man pages since its inception there are a few real users of sys_sysctl. It was my assumption that because sysctl had been deprecated for all of 2.6 there would be no user space users by this point, so I initially gave sys_sysctl a very short deprecation period. Now that I know there are a few real users the only sane way to proceed with deprecation is to push the time limit out to a year or two work and work with distributions that have big testing pools like fedora core to find these last remaining users. Which means that the sys_sysctl interface needs to be maintained in the meantime. Since I have provided a technical measure that allows us to add new sysctl entries without reserving more binary numbers I believe that is enough to fix the sys_sysctl binary interface maintenance problems, because there is no longer a need to change the binary interface at all. Since the sys_sysctl implementation needs to stay around for a while and the worst of the maintenance issues that caused us to occasionally break the ABI have been addressed I don't see any advantage in continuing with the removal of sys_sysctl. So instead of merely increasing the deprecation period this patch removes the deprecation of sys_sysctl and modifies the kernel to compile the code in by default. With committing to maintain sys_sysctl we get all of the advantages of a fast interface for anything that needs it. Currently sys_sysctl is about 5x faster than /proc/sys, for the same string data. Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-11-09 09:44:51 +08:00
sys_sysctl uses binary paths that have been found challenging
to properly maintain and use. The interface in /proc/sys
using paths with ascii names is now the primary path to this
information.
[PATCH] sysctl: Undeprecate sys_sysctl The basic issue is that despite have been deprecated and warned about as a very bad thing in the man pages since its inception there are a few real users of sys_sysctl. It was my assumption that because sysctl had been deprecated for all of 2.6 there would be no user space users by this point, so I initially gave sys_sysctl a very short deprecation period. Now that I know there are a few real users the only sane way to proceed with deprecation is to push the time limit out to a year or two work and work with distributions that have big testing pools like fedora core to find these last remaining users. Which means that the sys_sysctl interface needs to be maintained in the meantime. Since I have provided a technical measure that allows us to add new sysctl entries without reserving more binary numbers I believe that is enough to fix the sys_sysctl binary interface maintenance problems, because there is no longer a need to change the binary interface at all. Since the sys_sysctl implementation needs to stay around for a while and the worst of the maintenance issues that caused us to occasionally break the ABI have been addressed I don't see any advantage in continuing with the removal of sys_sysctl. So instead of merely increasing the deprecation period this patch removes the deprecation of sys_sysctl and modifies the kernel to compile the code in by default. With committing to maintain sys_sysctl we get all of the advantages of a fast interface for anything that needs it. Currently sys_sysctl is about 5x faster than /proc/sys, for the same string data. Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-11-09 09:44:51 +08:00
Almost nothing using the binary sysctl interface so if you are
trying to save some space it is probably safe to disable this,
making your kernel marginally smaller.
If unsure say N here.
config KALLSYMS
bool "Load all symbols for debugging/ksymoops" if EXPERT
default y
help
Say Y here to let the kernel print out symbolic crash information and
symbolic stack backtraces. This increases the size of the kernel
somewhat, as all symbols have to be loaded into the kernel image.
config KALLSYMS_ALL
bool "Include all symbols in kallsyms"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && KALLSYMS
help
Normally kallsyms only contains the symbols of functions for nicer
OOPS messages and backtraces (i.e., symbols from the text and inittext
sections). This is sufficient for most cases. And only in very rare
cases (e.g., when a debugger is used) all symbols are required (e.g.,
names of variables from the data sections, etc).
This option makes sure that all symbols are loaded into the kernel
image (i.e., symbols from all sections) in cost of increased kernel
size (depending on the kernel configuration, it may be 300KiB or
something like this).
Say N unless you really need all symbols.
config KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU
bool
default X86_64 && SMP
kallsyms: add support for relative offsets in kallsyms address table Similar to how relative extables are implemented, it is possible to emit the kallsyms table in such a way that it contains offsets relative to some anchor point in the kernel image rather than absolute addresses. On 64-bit architectures, it cuts the size of the kallsyms address table in half, since offsets between kernel symbols can typically be expressed in 32 bits. This saves several hundreds of kilobytes of permanent .rodata on average. In addition, the kallsyms address table is no longer subject to dynamic relocation when CONFIG_RELOCATABLE is in effect, so the relocation work done after decompression now doesn't have to do relocation updates for all these values. This saves up to 24 bytes (i.e., the size of a ELF64 RELA relocation table entry) per value, which easily adds up to a couple of megabytes of uncompressed __init data on ppc64 or arm64. Even if these relocation entries typically compress well, the combined size reduction of 2.8 MB uncompressed for a ppc64_defconfig build (of which 2.4 MB is __init data) results in a ~500 KB space saving in the compressed image. Since it is useful for some architectures (like x86) to retain the ability to emit absolute values as well, this patch also adds support for capturing both absolute and relative values when KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU is in effect, by emitting absolute per-cpu addresses as positive 32-bit values, and addresses relative to the lowest encountered relative symbol as negative values, which are subtracted from the runtime address of this base symbol to produce the actual address. Support for the above is enabled by default for all architectures except IA-64 and Tile-GX, whose symbols are too far apart to capture in this manner. Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-16 05:58:19 +08:00
config KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE
bool
depends on KALLSYMS
default !IA64 && !(TILE && 64BIT)
help
Instead of emitting them as absolute values in the native word size,
emit the symbol references in the kallsyms table as 32-bit entries,
each containing a relative value in the range [base, base + U32_MAX]
or, when KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU is in effect, each containing either
an absolute value in the range [0, S32_MAX] or a relative value in the
range [base, base + S32_MAX], where base is the lowest relative symbol
address encountered in the image.
On 64-bit builds, this reduces the size of the address table by 50%,
but more importantly, it results in entries whose values are build
time constants, and no relocation pass is required at runtime to fix
up the entries based on the runtime load address of the kernel.
config PRINTK
default y
bool "Enable support for printk" if EXPERT
select IRQ_WORK
help
This option enables normal printk support. Removing it
eliminates most of the message strings from the kernel image
and makes the kernel more or less silent. As this makes it
very difficult to diagnose system problems, saying N here is
strongly discouraged.
config BUG
bool "BUG() support" if EXPERT
default y
help
Disabling this option eliminates support for BUG and WARN, reducing
the size of your kernel image and potentially quietly ignoring
numerous fatal conditions. You should only consider disabling this
option for embedded systems with no facilities for reporting errors.
Just say Y.
config ELF_CORE
depends on COREDUMP
default y
bool "Enable ELF core dumps" if EXPERT
help
Enable support for generating core dumps. Disabling saves about 4k.
config PCSPKR_PLATFORM
bool "Enable PC-Speaker support" if EXPERT
depends on HAVE_PCSPKR_PLATFORM
select I8253_LOCK
default y
help
This option allows to disable the internal PC-Speaker
support, saving some memory.
config BASE_FULL
default y
bool "Enable full-sized data structures for core" if EXPERT
help
Disabling this option reduces the size of miscellaneous core
kernel data structures. This saves memory on small machines,
but may reduce performance.
config FUTEX
bool "Enable futex support" if EXPERT
default y
select RT_MUTEXES
help
Disabling this option will cause the kernel to be built without
support for "fast userspace mutexes". The resulting kernel may not
run glibc-based applications correctly.
config HAVE_FUTEX_CMPXCHG
bool
depends on FUTEX
help
Architectures should select this if futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic()
is implemented and always working. This removes a couple of runtime
checks.
config EPOLL
bool "Enable eventpoll support" if EXPERT
default y
select ANON_INODES
help
Disabling this option will cause the kernel to be built without
support for epoll family of system calls.
signal/timer/event: signalfd core This patch series implements the new signalfd() system call. I took part of the original Linus code (and you know how badly it can be broken :), and I added even more breakage ;) Signals are fetched from the same signal queue used by the process, so signalfd will compete with standard kernel delivery in dequeue_signal(). If you want to reliably fetch signals on the signalfd file, you need to block them with sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK). This seems to be working fine on my Dual Opteron machine. I made a quick test program for it: http://www.xmailserver.org/signafd-test.c The signalfd() system call implements signal delivery into a file descriptor receiver. The signalfd file descriptor if created with the following API: int signalfd(int ufd, const sigset_t *mask, size_t masksize); The "ufd" parameter allows to change an existing signalfd sigmask, w/out going to close/create cycle (Linus idea). Use "ufd" == -1 if you want a brand new signalfd file. The "mask" allows to specify the signal mask of signals that we are interested in. The "masksize" parameter is the size of "mask". The signalfd fd supports the poll(2) and read(2) system calls. The poll(2) will return POLLIN when signals are available to be dequeued. As a direct consequence of supporting the Linux poll subsystem, the signalfd fd can use used together with epoll(2) too. The read(2) system call will return a "struct signalfd_siginfo" structure in the userspace supplied buffer. The return value is the number of bytes copied in the supplied buffer, or -1 in case of error. The read(2) call can also return 0, in case the sighand structure to which the signalfd was attached, has been orphaned. The O_NONBLOCK flag is also supported, and read(2) will return -EAGAIN in case no signal is available. If the size of the buffer passed to read(2) is lower than sizeof(struct signalfd_siginfo), -EINVAL is returned. A read from the signalfd can also return -ERESTARTSYS in case a signal hits the process. The format of the struct signalfd_siginfo is, and the valid fields depends of the (->code & __SI_MASK) value, in the same way a struct siginfo would: struct signalfd_siginfo { __u32 signo; /* si_signo */ __s32 err; /* si_errno */ __s32 code; /* si_code */ __u32 pid; /* si_pid */ __u32 uid; /* si_uid */ __s32 fd; /* si_fd */ __u32 tid; /* si_fd */ __u32 band; /* si_band */ __u32 overrun; /* si_overrun */ __u32 trapno; /* si_trapno */ __s32 status; /* si_status */ __s32 svint; /* si_int */ __u64 svptr; /* si_ptr */ __u64 utime; /* si_utime */ __u64 stime; /* si_stime */ __u64 addr; /* si_addr */ }; [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix signalfd_copyinfo() on i386] Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-11 13:23:13 +08:00
config SIGNALFD
bool "Enable signalfd() system call" if EXPERT
select ANON_INODES
signal/timer/event: signalfd core This patch series implements the new signalfd() system call. I took part of the original Linus code (and you know how badly it can be broken :), and I added even more breakage ;) Signals are fetched from the same signal queue used by the process, so signalfd will compete with standard kernel delivery in dequeue_signal(). If you want to reliably fetch signals on the signalfd file, you need to block them with sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK). This seems to be working fine on my Dual Opteron machine. I made a quick test program for it: http://www.xmailserver.org/signafd-test.c The signalfd() system call implements signal delivery into a file descriptor receiver. The signalfd file descriptor if created with the following API: int signalfd(int ufd, const sigset_t *mask, size_t masksize); The "ufd" parameter allows to change an existing signalfd sigmask, w/out going to close/create cycle (Linus idea). Use "ufd" == -1 if you want a brand new signalfd file. The "mask" allows to specify the signal mask of signals that we are interested in. The "masksize" parameter is the size of "mask". The signalfd fd supports the poll(2) and read(2) system calls. The poll(2) will return POLLIN when signals are available to be dequeued. As a direct consequence of supporting the Linux poll subsystem, the signalfd fd can use used together with epoll(2) too. The read(2) system call will return a "struct signalfd_siginfo" structure in the userspace supplied buffer. The return value is the number of bytes copied in the supplied buffer, or -1 in case of error. The read(2) call can also return 0, in case the sighand structure to which the signalfd was attached, has been orphaned. The O_NONBLOCK flag is also supported, and read(2) will return -EAGAIN in case no signal is available. If the size of the buffer passed to read(2) is lower than sizeof(struct signalfd_siginfo), -EINVAL is returned. A read from the signalfd can also return -ERESTARTSYS in case a signal hits the process. The format of the struct signalfd_siginfo is, and the valid fields depends of the (->code & __SI_MASK) value, in the same way a struct siginfo would: struct signalfd_siginfo { __u32 signo; /* si_signo */ __s32 err; /* si_errno */ __s32 code; /* si_code */ __u32 pid; /* si_pid */ __u32 uid; /* si_uid */ __s32 fd; /* si_fd */ __u32 tid; /* si_fd */ __u32 band; /* si_band */ __u32 overrun; /* si_overrun */ __u32 trapno; /* si_trapno */ __s32 status; /* si_status */ __s32 svint; /* si_int */ __u64 svptr; /* si_ptr */ __u64 utime; /* si_utime */ __u64 stime; /* si_stime */ __u64 addr; /* si_addr */ }; [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix signalfd_copyinfo() on i386] Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-11 13:23:13 +08:00
default y
help
Enable the signalfd() system call that allows to receive signals
on a file descriptor.
If unsure, say Y.
signal/timer/event: timerfd core This patch introduces a new system call for timers events delivered though file descriptors. This allows timer event to be used with standard POSIX poll(2), select(2) and read(2). As a consequence of supporting the Linux f_op->poll subsystem, they can be used with epoll(2) too. The system call is defined as: int timerfd(int ufd, int clockid, int flags, const struct itimerspec *utmr); The "ufd" parameter allows for re-use (re-programming) of an existing timerfd w/out going through the close/open cycle (same as signalfd). If "ufd" is -1, s new file descriptor will be created, otherwise the existing "ufd" will be re-programmed. The "clockid" parameter is either CLOCK_MONOTONIC or CLOCK_REALTIME. The time specified in the "utmr->it_value" parameter is the expiry time for the timer. If the TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME flag is set in "flags", this is an absolute time, otherwise it's a relative time. If the time specified in the "utmr->it_interval" is not zero (.tv_sec == 0, tv_nsec == 0), this is the period at which the following ticks should be generated. The "utmr->it_interval" should be set to zero if only one tick is requested. Setting the "utmr->it_value" to zero will disable the timer, or will create a timerfd without the timer enabled. The function returns the new (or same, in case "ufd" is a valid timerfd descriptor) file, or -1 in case of error. As stated before, the timerfd file descriptor supports poll(2), select(2) and epoll(2). When a timer event happened on the timerfd, a POLLIN mask will be returned. The read(2) call can be used, and it will return a u32 variable holding the number of "ticks" that happened on the interface since the last call to read(2). The read(2) call supportes the O_NONBLOCK flag too, and EAGAIN will be returned if no ticks happened. A quick test program, shows timerfd working correctly on my amd64 box: http://www.xmailserver.org/timerfd-test.c [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add sys_timerfd to sys_ni.c] Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-11 13:23:16 +08:00
config TIMERFD
bool "Enable timerfd() system call" if EXPERT
select ANON_INODES
signal/timer/event: timerfd core This patch introduces a new system call for timers events delivered though file descriptors. This allows timer event to be used with standard POSIX poll(2), select(2) and read(2). As a consequence of supporting the Linux f_op->poll subsystem, they can be used with epoll(2) too. The system call is defined as: int timerfd(int ufd, int clockid, int flags, const struct itimerspec *utmr); The "ufd" parameter allows for re-use (re-programming) of an existing timerfd w/out going through the close/open cycle (same as signalfd). If "ufd" is -1, s new file descriptor will be created, otherwise the existing "ufd" will be re-programmed. The "clockid" parameter is either CLOCK_MONOTONIC or CLOCK_REALTIME. The time specified in the "utmr->it_value" parameter is the expiry time for the timer. If the TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME flag is set in "flags", this is an absolute time, otherwise it's a relative time. If the time specified in the "utmr->it_interval" is not zero (.tv_sec == 0, tv_nsec == 0), this is the period at which the following ticks should be generated. The "utmr->it_interval" should be set to zero if only one tick is requested. Setting the "utmr->it_value" to zero will disable the timer, or will create a timerfd without the timer enabled. The function returns the new (or same, in case "ufd" is a valid timerfd descriptor) file, or -1 in case of error. As stated before, the timerfd file descriptor supports poll(2), select(2) and epoll(2). When a timer event happened on the timerfd, a POLLIN mask will be returned. The read(2) call can be used, and it will return a u32 variable holding the number of "ticks" that happened on the interface since the last call to read(2). The read(2) call supportes the O_NONBLOCK flag too, and EAGAIN will be returned if no ticks happened. A quick test program, shows timerfd working correctly on my amd64 box: http://www.xmailserver.org/timerfd-test.c [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add sys_timerfd to sys_ni.c] Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-11 13:23:16 +08:00
default y
help
Enable the timerfd() system call that allows to receive timer
events on a file descriptor.
If unsure, say Y.
signal/timer/event: eventfd core This is a very simple and light file descriptor, that can be used as event wait/dispatch by userspace (both wait and dispatch) and by the kernel (dispatch only). It can be used instead of pipe(2) in all cases where those would simply be used to signal events. Their kernel overhead is much lower than pipes, and they do not consume two fds. When used in the kernel, it can offer an fd-bridge to enable, for example, functionalities like KAIO or syslets/threadlets to signal to an fd the completion of certain operations. But more in general, an eventfd can be used by the kernel to signal readiness, in a POSIX poll/select way, of interfaces that would otherwise be incompatible with it. The API is: int eventfd(unsigned int count); The eventfd API accepts an initial "count" parameter, and returns an eventfd fd. It supports poll(2) (POLLIN, POLLOUT, POLLERR), read(2) and write(2). The POLLIN flag is raised when the internal counter is greater than zero. The POLLOUT flag is raised when at least a value of "1" can be written to the internal counter. The POLLERR flag is raised when an overflow in the counter value is detected. The write(2) operation can never overflow the counter, since it blocks (unless O_NONBLOCK is set, in which case -EAGAIN is returned). But the eventfd_signal() function can do it, since it's supposed to not sleep during its operation. The read(2) function reads the __u64 counter value, and reset the internal value to zero. If the value read is equal to (__u64) -1, an overflow happened on the internal counter (due to 2^64 eventfd_signal() posts that has never been retired - unlickely, but possible). The write(2) call writes an __u64 count value, and adds it to the current counter. The eventfd fd supports O_NONBLOCK also. On the kernel side, we have: struct file *eventfd_fget(int fd); int eventfd_signal(struct file *file, unsigned int n); The eventfd_fget() should be called to get a struct file* from an eventfd fd (this is an fget() + check of f_op being an eventfd fops pointer). The kernel can then call eventfd_signal() every time it wants to post an event to userspace. The eventfd_signal() function can be called from any context. An eventfd() simple test and bench is available here: http://www.xmailserver.org/eventfd-bench.c This is the eventfd-based version of pipetest-4 (pipe(2) based): http://www.xmailserver.org/pipetest-4.c Not that performance matters much in the eventfd case, but eventfd-bench shows almost as double as performance than pipetest-4. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix i386 build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add sys_eventfd to sys_ni.c] Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-11 13:23:19 +08:00
config EVENTFD
bool "Enable eventfd() system call" if EXPERT
select ANON_INODES
signal/timer/event: eventfd core This is a very simple and light file descriptor, that can be used as event wait/dispatch by userspace (both wait and dispatch) and by the kernel (dispatch only). It can be used instead of pipe(2) in all cases where those would simply be used to signal events. Their kernel overhead is much lower than pipes, and they do not consume two fds. When used in the kernel, it can offer an fd-bridge to enable, for example, functionalities like KAIO or syslets/threadlets to signal to an fd the completion of certain operations. But more in general, an eventfd can be used by the kernel to signal readiness, in a POSIX poll/select way, of interfaces that would otherwise be incompatible with it. The API is: int eventfd(unsigned int count); The eventfd API accepts an initial "count" parameter, and returns an eventfd fd. It supports poll(2) (POLLIN, POLLOUT, POLLERR), read(2) and write(2). The POLLIN flag is raised when the internal counter is greater than zero. The POLLOUT flag is raised when at least a value of "1" can be written to the internal counter. The POLLERR flag is raised when an overflow in the counter value is detected. The write(2) operation can never overflow the counter, since it blocks (unless O_NONBLOCK is set, in which case -EAGAIN is returned). But the eventfd_signal() function can do it, since it's supposed to not sleep during its operation. The read(2) function reads the __u64 counter value, and reset the internal value to zero. If the value read is equal to (__u64) -1, an overflow happened on the internal counter (due to 2^64 eventfd_signal() posts that has never been retired - unlickely, but possible). The write(2) call writes an __u64 count value, and adds it to the current counter. The eventfd fd supports O_NONBLOCK also. On the kernel side, we have: struct file *eventfd_fget(int fd); int eventfd_signal(struct file *file, unsigned int n); The eventfd_fget() should be called to get a struct file* from an eventfd fd (this is an fget() + check of f_op being an eventfd fops pointer). The kernel can then call eventfd_signal() every time it wants to post an event to userspace. The eventfd_signal() function can be called from any context. An eventfd() simple test and bench is available here: http://www.xmailserver.org/eventfd-bench.c This is the eventfd-based version of pipetest-4 (pipe(2) based): http://www.xmailserver.org/pipetest-4.c Not that performance matters much in the eventfd case, but eventfd-bench shows almost as double as performance than pipetest-4. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix i386 build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add sys_eventfd to sys_ni.c] Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-11 13:23:19 +08:00
default y
help
Enable the eventfd() system call that allows to receive both
kernel notification (ie. KAIO) or userspace notifications.
If unsure, say Y.
# syscall, maps, verifier
config BPF_SYSCALL
bpf: Fix the build on BPF_SYSCALL=y && !CONFIG_TRACING kernels, make it more configurable So bpf_tracing.o depends on CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL - but that's not its only dependency, it also depends on the tracing infrastructure and on kprobes, without which it will fail to build with: In file included from kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:14:0: kernel/trace/trace.h: In function ‘trace_test_and_set_recursion’: kernel/trace/trace.h:491:28: error: ‘struct task_struct’ has no member named ‘trace_recursion’ unsigned int val = current->trace_recursion; [...] It took quite some time to trigger this build failure, because right now BPF_SYSCALL is very obscure, depends on CONFIG_EXPERT. So also make BPF_SYSCALL more configurable, not just under CONFIG_EXPERT. If BPF_SYSCALL, tracing and kprobes are enabled then enable the bpf_tracing gateway as well. We might want to make this an interactive option later on, although I'd not complicate it unnecessarily: enabling BPF_SYSCALL is enough of an indicator that the user wants BPF support. Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-04-02 21:51:39 +08:00
bool "Enable bpf() system call"
select ANON_INODES
select BPF
default n
help
Enable the bpf() system call that allows to manipulate eBPF
programs and maps via file descriptors.
config SHMEM
bool "Use full shmem filesystem" if EXPERT
default y
depends on MMU
help
The shmem is an internal filesystem used to manage shared memory.
It is backed by swap and manages resource limits. It is also exported
to userspace as tmpfs if TMPFS is enabled. Disabling this
option replaces shmem and tmpfs with the much simpler ramfs code,
which may be appropriate on small systems without swap.
config AIO
bool "Enable AIO support" if EXPERT
default y
help
This option enables POSIX asynchronous I/O which may by used
by some high performance threaded applications. Disabling
this option saves about 7k.
config ADVISE_SYSCALLS
bool "Enable madvise/fadvise syscalls" if EXPERT
default y
help
This option enables the madvise and fadvise syscalls, used by
applications to advise the kernel about their future memory or file
usage, improving performance. If building an embedded system where no
applications use these syscalls, you can disable this option to save
space.
config USERFAULTFD
bool "Enable userfaultfd() system call"
select ANON_INODES
depends on MMU
help
Enable the userfaultfd() system call that allows to intercept and
handle page faults in userland.
config PCI_QUIRKS
default y
bool "Enable PCI quirk workarounds" if EXPERT
depends on PCI
help
This enables workarounds for various PCI chipset
bugs/quirks. Disable this only if your target machine is
unaffected by PCI quirks.
sys_membarrier(): system-wide memory barrier (generic, x86) Here is an implementation of a new system call, sys_membarrier(), which executes a memory barrier on all threads running on the system. It is implemented by calling synchronize_sched(). It can be used to distribute the cost of user-space memory barriers asymmetrically by transforming pairs of memory barriers into pairs consisting of sys_membarrier() and a compiler barrier. For synchronization primitives that distinguish between read-side and write-side (e.g. userspace RCU [1], rwlocks), the read-side can be accelerated significantly by moving the bulk of the memory barrier overhead to the write-side. The existing applications of which I am aware that would be improved by this system call are as follows: * Through Userspace RCU library (http://urcu.so) - DNS server (Knot DNS) https://www.knot-dns.cz/ - Network sniffer (http://netsniff-ng.org/) - Distributed object storage (https://sheepdog.github.io/sheepdog/) - User-space tracing (http://lttng.org) - Network storage system (https://www.gluster.org/) - Virtual routers (https://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/DPDK_RCU_0MQ.pdf) - Financial software (https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/23/189) Those projects use RCU in userspace to increase read-side speed and scalability compared to locking. Especially in the case of RCU used by libraries, sys_membarrier can speed up the read-side by moving the bulk of the memory barrier cost to synchronize_rcu(). * Direct users of sys_membarrier - core dotnet garbage collector (https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/issues/198) Microsoft core dotnet GC developers are planning to use the mprotect() side-effect of issuing memory barriers through IPIs as a way to implement Windows FlushProcessWriteBuffers() on Linux. They are referring to sys_membarrier in their github thread, specifically stating that sys_membarrier() is what they are looking for. To explain the benefit of this scheme, let's introduce two example threads: Thread A (non-frequent, e.g. executing liburcu synchronize_rcu()) Thread B (frequent, e.g. executing liburcu rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock()) In a scheme where all smp_mb() in thread A are ordering memory accesses with respect to smp_mb() present in Thread B, we can change each smp_mb() within Thread A into calls to sys_membarrier() and each smp_mb() within Thread B into compiler barriers "barrier()". Before the change, we had, for each smp_mb() pairs: Thread A Thread B previous mem accesses previous mem accesses smp_mb() smp_mb() following mem accesses following mem accesses After the change, these pairs become: Thread A Thread B prev mem accesses prev mem accesses sys_membarrier() barrier() follow mem accesses follow mem accesses As we can see, there are two possible scenarios: either Thread B memory accesses do not happen concurrently with Thread A accesses (1), or they do (2). 1) Non-concurrent Thread A vs Thread B accesses: Thread A Thread B prev mem accesses sys_membarrier() follow mem accesses prev mem accesses barrier() follow mem accesses In this case, thread B accesses will be weakly ordered. This is OK, because at that point, thread A is not particularly interested in ordering them with respect to its own accesses. 2) Concurrent Thread A vs Thread B accesses Thread A Thread B prev mem accesses prev mem accesses sys_membarrier() barrier() follow mem accesses follow mem accesses In this case, thread B accesses, which are ensured to be in program order thanks to the compiler barrier, will be "upgraded" to full smp_mb() by synchronize_sched(). * Benchmarks On Intel Xeon E5405 (8 cores) (one thread is calling sys_membarrier, the other 7 threads are busy looping) 1000 non-expedited sys_membarrier calls in 33s =3D 33 milliseconds/call. * User-space user of this system call: Userspace RCU library Both the signal-based and the sys_membarrier userspace RCU schemes permit us to remove the memory barrier from the userspace RCU rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() primitives, thus significantly accelerating them. These memory barriers are replaced by compiler barriers on the read-side, and all matching memory barriers on the write-side are turned into an invocation of a memory barrier on all active threads in the process. By letting the kernel perform this synchronization rather than dumbly sending a signal to every process threads (as we currently do), we diminish the number of unnecessary wake ups and only issue the memory barriers on active threads. Non-running threads do not need to execute such barrier anyway, because these are implied by the scheduler context switches. Results in liburcu: Operations in 10s, 6 readers, 2 writers: memory barriers in reader: 1701557485 reads, 2202847 writes signal-based scheme: 9830061167 reads, 6700 writes sys_membarrier: 9952759104 reads, 425 writes sys_membarrier (dyn. check): 7970328887 reads, 425 writes The dynamic sys_membarrier availability check adds some overhead to the read-side compared to the signal-based scheme, but besides that, sys_membarrier slightly outperforms the signal-based scheme. However, this non-expedited sys_membarrier implementation has a much slower grace period than signal and memory barrier schemes. Besides diminishing the number of wake-ups, one major advantage of the membarrier system call over the signal-based scheme is that it does not need to reserve a signal. This plays much more nicely with libraries, and with processes injected into for tracing purposes, for which we cannot expect that signals will be unused by the application. An expedited version of this system call can be added later on to speed up the grace period. Its implementation will likely depend on reading the cpu_curr()->mm without holding each CPU's rq lock. This patch adds the system call to x86 and to asm-generic. [1] http://urcu.so membarrier(2) man page: MEMBARRIER(2) Linux Programmer's Manual MEMBARRIER(2) NAME membarrier - issue memory barriers on a set of threads SYNOPSIS #include <linux/membarrier.h> int membarrier(int cmd, int flags); DESCRIPTION The cmd argument is one of the following: MEMBARRIER_CMD_QUERY Query the set of supported commands. It returns a bitmask of supported commands. MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED Execute a memory barrier on all threads running on the system. Upon return from system call, the caller thread is ensured that all running threads have passed through a state where all memory accesses to user-space addresses match program order between entry to and return from the system call (non-running threads are de facto in such a state). This covers threads from all pro=E2=80=90 cesses running on the system. This command returns 0. The flags argument needs to be 0. For future extensions. All memory accesses performed in program order from each targeted thread is guaranteed to be ordered with respect to sys_membarrier(). If we use the semantic "barrier()" to represent a compiler barrier forcing memory accesses to be performed in program order across the barrier, and smp_mb() to represent explicit memory barriers forcing full memory ordering across the barrier, we have the following ordering table for each pair of barrier(), sys_membarrier() and smp_mb(): The pair ordering is detailed as (O: ordered, X: not ordered): barrier() smp_mb() sys_membarrier() barrier() X X O smp_mb() X O O sys_membarrier() O O O RETURN VALUE On success, these system calls return zero. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately. For a given command, with flags argument set to 0, this system call is guaranteed to always return the same value until reboot. ERRORS ENOSYS System call is not implemented. EINVAL Invalid arguments. Linux 2015-04-15 MEMBARRIER(2) Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Nicholas Miell <nmiell@comcast.net> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Alan Cox <gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-12 04:07:39 +08:00
config MEMBARRIER
bool "Enable membarrier() system call" if EXPERT
default y
help
Enable the membarrier() system call that allows issuing memory
barriers across all running threads, which can be used to distribute
the cost of user-space memory barriers asymmetrically by transforming
pairs of memory barriers into pairs consisting of membarrier() and a
compiler barrier.
If unsure, say Y.
config EMBEDDED
bool "Embedded system"
option allnoconfig_y
select EXPERT
help
This option should be enabled if compiling the kernel for
an embedded system so certain expert options are available
for configuration.
perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events Bye-bye Performance Counters, welcome Performance Events! In the past few months the perfcounters subsystem has grown out its initial role of counting hardware events, and has become (and is becoming) a much broader generic event enumeration, reporting, logging, monitoring, analysis facility. Naming its core object 'perf_counter' and naming the subsystem 'perfcounters' has become more and more of a misnomer. With pending code like hw-breakpoints support the 'counter' name is less and less appropriate. All in one, we've decided to rename the subsystem to 'performance events' and to propagate this rename through all fields, variables and API names. (in an ABI compatible fashion) The word 'event' is also a bit shorter than 'counter' - which makes it slightly more convenient to write/handle as well. Thanks goes to Stephane Eranian who first observed this misnomer and suggested a rename. User-space tooling and ABI compatibility is not affected - this patch should be function-invariant. (Also, defconfigs were not touched to keep the size down.) This patch has been generated via the following script: FILES=$(find * -type f | grep -vE 'oprofile|[^K]config') sed -i \ -e 's/PERF_EVENT_/PERF_RECORD_/g' \ -e 's/PERF_COUNTER/PERF_EVENT/g' \ -e 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g' \ -e 's/nb_counters/nb_events/g' \ -e 's/swcounter/swevent/g' \ -e 's/tpcounter_event/tp_event/g' \ $FILES for N in $(find . -name perf_counter.[ch]); do M=$(echo $N | sed 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g') mv $N $M done FILES=$(find . -name perf_event.*) sed -i \ -e 's/COUNTER_MASK/REG_MASK/g' \ -e 's/COUNTER/EVENT/g' \ -e 's/\<event\>/event_id/g' \ -e 's/counter/event/g' \ -e 's/Counter/Event/g' \ $FILES ... to keep it as correct as possible. This script can also be used by anyone who has pending perfcounters patches - it converts a Linux kernel tree over to the new naming. We tried to time this change to the point in time where the amount of pending patches is the smallest: the end of the merge window. Namespace clashes were fixed up in a preparatory patch - and some stylistic fallout will be fixed up in a subsequent patch. ( NOTE: 'counters' are still the proper terminology when we deal with hardware registers - and these sed scripts are a bit over-eager in renaming them. I've undone some of that, but in case there's something left where 'counter' would be better than 'event' we can undo that on an individual basis instead of touching an otherwise nicely automated patch. ) Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Reviewed-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> LKML-Reference: <new-submission> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-09-21 18:02:48 +08:00
config HAVE_PERF_EVENTS
bool
help
See tools/perf/design.txt for details.
config PERF_USE_VMALLOC
bool
help
See tools/perf/design.txt for details
menu "Kernel Performance Events And Counters"
perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events Bye-bye Performance Counters, welcome Performance Events! In the past few months the perfcounters subsystem has grown out its initial role of counting hardware events, and has become (and is becoming) a much broader generic event enumeration, reporting, logging, monitoring, analysis facility. Naming its core object 'perf_counter' and naming the subsystem 'perfcounters' has become more and more of a misnomer. With pending code like hw-breakpoints support the 'counter' name is less and less appropriate. All in one, we've decided to rename the subsystem to 'performance events' and to propagate this rename through all fields, variables and API names. (in an ABI compatible fashion) The word 'event' is also a bit shorter than 'counter' - which makes it slightly more convenient to write/handle as well. Thanks goes to Stephane Eranian who first observed this misnomer and suggested a rename. User-space tooling and ABI compatibility is not affected - this patch should be function-invariant. (Also, defconfigs were not touched to keep the size down.) This patch has been generated via the following script: FILES=$(find * -type f | grep -vE 'oprofile|[^K]config') sed -i \ -e 's/PERF_EVENT_/PERF_RECORD_/g' \ -e 's/PERF_COUNTER/PERF_EVENT/g' \ -e 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g' \ -e 's/nb_counters/nb_events/g' \ -e 's/swcounter/swevent/g' \ -e 's/tpcounter_event/tp_event/g' \ $FILES for N in $(find . -name perf_counter.[ch]); do M=$(echo $N | sed 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g') mv $N $M done FILES=$(find . -name perf_event.*) sed -i \ -e 's/COUNTER_MASK/REG_MASK/g' \ -e 's/COUNTER/EVENT/g' \ -e 's/\<event\>/event_id/g' \ -e 's/counter/event/g' \ -e 's/Counter/Event/g' \ $FILES ... to keep it as correct as possible. This script can also be used by anyone who has pending perfcounters patches - it converts a Linux kernel tree over to the new naming. We tried to time this change to the point in time where the amount of pending patches is the smallest: the end of the merge window. Namespace clashes were fixed up in a preparatory patch - and some stylistic fallout will be fixed up in a subsequent patch. ( NOTE: 'counters' are still the proper terminology when we deal with hardware registers - and these sed scripts are a bit over-eager in renaming them. I've undone some of that, but in case there's something left where 'counter' would be better than 'event' we can undo that on an individual basis instead of touching an otherwise nicely automated patch. ) Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Reviewed-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> LKML-Reference: <new-submission> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-09-21 18:02:48 +08:00
config PERF_EVENTS
bool "Kernel performance events and counters"
default y if PROFILING
perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events Bye-bye Performance Counters, welcome Performance Events! In the past few months the perfcounters subsystem has grown out its initial role of counting hardware events, and has become (and is becoming) a much broader generic event enumeration, reporting, logging, monitoring, analysis facility. Naming its core object 'perf_counter' and naming the subsystem 'perfcounters' has become more and more of a misnomer. With pending code like hw-breakpoints support the 'counter' name is less and less appropriate. All in one, we've decided to rename the subsystem to 'performance events' and to propagate this rename through all fields, variables and API names. (in an ABI compatible fashion) The word 'event' is also a bit shorter than 'counter' - which makes it slightly more convenient to write/handle as well. Thanks goes to Stephane Eranian who first observed this misnomer and suggested a rename. User-space tooling and ABI compatibility is not affected - this patch should be function-invariant. (Also, defconfigs were not touched to keep the size down.) This patch has been generated via the following script: FILES=$(find * -type f | grep -vE 'oprofile|[^K]config') sed -i \ -e 's/PERF_EVENT_/PERF_RECORD_/g' \ -e 's/PERF_COUNTER/PERF_EVENT/g' \ -e 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g' \ -e 's/nb_counters/nb_events/g' \ -e 's/swcounter/swevent/g' \ -e 's/tpcounter_event/tp_event/g' \ $FILES for N in $(find . -name perf_counter.[ch]); do M=$(echo $N | sed 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g') mv $N $M done FILES=$(find . -name perf_event.*) sed -i \ -e 's/COUNTER_MASK/REG_MASK/g' \ -e 's/COUNTER/EVENT/g' \ -e 's/\<event\>/event_id/g' \ -e 's/counter/event/g' \ -e 's/Counter/Event/g' \ $FILES ... to keep it as correct as possible. This script can also be used by anyone who has pending perfcounters patches - it converts a Linux kernel tree over to the new naming. We tried to time this change to the point in time where the amount of pending patches is the smallest: the end of the merge window. Namespace clashes were fixed up in a preparatory patch - and some stylistic fallout will be fixed up in a subsequent patch. ( NOTE: 'counters' are still the proper terminology when we deal with hardware registers - and these sed scripts are a bit over-eager in renaming them. I've undone some of that, but in case there's something left where 'counter' would be better than 'event' we can undo that on an individual basis instead of touching an otherwise nicely automated patch. ) Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Reviewed-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> LKML-Reference: <new-submission> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-09-21 18:02:48 +08:00
depends on HAVE_PERF_EVENTS
select ANON_INODES
select IRQ_WORK
select SRCU
help
Enable kernel support for various performance events provided
by software and hardware.
Software events are supported either built-in or via the
use of generic tracepoints.
Most modern CPUs support performance events via performance
counter registers. These registers count the number of certain
types of hw events: such as instructions executed, cachemisses
suffered, or branches mis-predicted - without slowing down the
kernel or applications. These registers can also trigger interrupts
when a threshold number of events have passed - and can thus be
used to profile the code that runs on that CPU.
The Linux Performance Event subsystem provides an abstraction of
these software and hardware event capabilities, available via a
system call and used by the "perf" utility in tools/perf/. It
provides per task and per CPU counters, and it provides event
capabilities on top of those.
Say Y if unsure.
config DEBUG_PERF_USE_VMALLOC
default n
bool "Debug: use vmalloc to back perf mmap() buffers"
depends on PERF_EVENTS && DEBUG_KERNEL && !PPC
select PERF_USE_VMALLOC
help
Use vmalloc memory to back perf mmap() buffers.
Mostly useful for debugging the vmalloc code on platforms
that don't require it.
Say N if unsure.
endmenu
[PATCH] Light weight event counters The remaining counters in page_state after the zoned VM counter patches have been applied are all just for show in /proc/vmstat. They have no essential function for the VM. We use a simple increment of per cpu variables. In order to avoid the most severe races we disable preempt. Preempt does not prevent the race between an increment and an interrupt handler incrementing the same statistics counter. However, that race is exceedingly rare, we may only loose one increment or so and there is no requirement (at least not in kernel) that the vm event counters have to be accurate. In the non preempt case this results in a simple increment for each counter. For many architectures this will be reduced by the compiler to a single instruction. This single instruction is atomic for i386 and x86_64. And therefore even the rare race condition in an interrupt is avoided for both architectures in most cases. The patchset also adds an off switch for embedded systems that allows a building of linux kernels without these counters. The implementation of these counters is through inline code that hopefully results in only a single instruction increment instruction being emitted (i386, x86_64) or in the increment being hidden though instruction concurrency (EPIC architectures such as ia64 can get that done). Benefits: - VM event counter operations usually reduce to a single inline instruction on i386 and x86_64. - No interrupt disable, only preempt disable for the preempt case. Preempt disable can also be avoided by moving the counter into a spinlock. - Handling is similar to zoned VM counters. - Simple and easily extendable. - Can be omitted to reduce memory use for embedded use. References: RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113512330605497&w=2 RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114988082814934&w=2 local_t http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114991748606690&w=2 V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=115014808400007&r=1&w=2 V3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115024767022346&w=2 V4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115047968808926&w=2 Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-30 16:55:45 +08:00
config VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
default y
bool "Enable VM event counters for /proc/vmstat" if EXPERT
[PATCH] Light weight event counters The remaining counters in page_state after the zoned VM counter patches have been applied are all just for show in /proc/vmstat. They have no essential function for the VM. We use a simple increment of per cpu variables. In order to avoid the most severe races we disable preempt. Preempt does not prevent the race between an increment and an interrupt handler incrementing the same statistics counter. However, that race is exceedingly rare, we may only loose one increment or so and there is no requirement (at least not in kernel) that the vm event counters have to be accurate. In the non preempt case this results in a simple increment for each counter. For many architectures this will be reduced by the compiler to a single instruction. This single instruction is atomic for i386 and x86_64. And therefore even the rare race condition in an interrupt is avoided for both architectures in most cases. The patchset also adds an off switch for embedded systems that allows a building of linux kernels without these counters. The implementation of these counters is through inline code that hopefully results in only a single instruction increment instruction being emitted (i386, x86_64) or in the increment being hidden though instruction concurrency (EPIC architectures such as ia64 can get that done). Benefits: - VM event counter operations usually reduce to a single inline instruction on i386 and x86_64. - No interrupt disable, only preempt disable for the preempt case. Preempt disable can also be avoided by moving the counter into a spinlock. - Handling is similar to zoned VM counters. - Simple and easily extendable. - Can be omitted to reduce memory use for embedded use. References: RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113512330605497&w=2 RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114988082814934&w=2 local_t http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114991748606690&w=2 V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=115014808400007&r=1&w=2 V3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115024767022346&w=2 V4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115047968808926&w=2 Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-30 16:55:45 +08:00
help
VM event counters are needed for event counts to be shown.
This option allows the disabling of the VM event counters
on EXPERT systems. /proc/vmstat will only show page counts
if VM event counters are disabled.
[PATCH] Light weight event counters The remaining counters in page_state after the zoned VM counter patches have been applied are all just for show in /proc/vmstat. They have no essential function for the VM. We use a simple increment of per cpu variables. In order to avoid the most severe races we disable preempt. Preempt does not prevent the race between an increment and an interrupt handler incrementing the same statistics counter. However, that race is exceedingly rare, we may only loose one increment or so and there is no requirement (at least not in kernel) that the vm event counters have to be accurate. In the non preempt case this results in a simple increment for each counter. For many architectures this will be reduced by the compiler to a single instruction. This single instruction is atomic for i386 and x86_64. And therefore even the rare race condition in an interrupt is avoided for both architectures in most cases. The patchset also adds an off switch for embedded systems that allows a building of linux kernels without these counters. The implementation of these counters is through inline code that hopefully results in only a single instruction increment instruction being emitted (i386, x86_64) or in the increment being hidden though instruction concurrency (EPIC architectures such as ia64 can get that done). Benefits: - VM event counter operations usually reduce to a single inline instruction on i386 and x86_64. - No interrupt disable, only preempt disable for the preempt case. Preempt disable can also be avoided by moving the counter into a spinlock. - Handling is similar to zoned VM counters. - Simple and easily extendable. - Can be omitted to reduce memory use for embedded use. References: RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113512330605497&w=2 RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114988082814934&w=2 local_t http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114991748606690&w=2 V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=115014808400007&r=1&w=2 V3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115024767022346&w=2 V4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115047968808926&w=2 Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-30 16:55:45 +08:00
config SLUB_DEBUG
default y
bool "Enable SLUB debugging support" if EXPERT
depends on SLUB && SYSFS
help
SLUB has extensive debug support features. Disabling these can
result in significant savings in code size. This also disables
SLUB sysfs support. /sys/slab will not exist and there will be
no support for cache validation etc.
config COMPAT_BRK
bool "Disable heap randomization"
default y
help
Randomizing heap placement makes heap exploits harder, but it
also breaks ancient binaries (including anything libc5 based).
This option changes the bootup default to heap randomization
disabled, and can be overridden at runtime by setting
/proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space to 2.
On non-ancient distros (post-2000 ones) N is usually a safe choice.
SLUB core This is a new slab allocator which was motivated by the complexity of the existing code in mm/slab.c. It attempts to address a variety of concerns with the existing implementation. A. Management of object queues A particular concern was the complex management of the numerous object queues in SLAB. SLUB has no such queues. Instead we dedicate a slab for each allocating CPU and use objects from a slab directly instead of queueing them up. B. Storage overhead of object queues SLAB Object queues exist per node, per CPU. The alien cache queue even has a queue array that contain a queue for each processor on each node. For very large systems the number of queues and the number of objects that may be caught in those queues grows exponentially. On our systems with 1k nodes / processors we have several gigabytes just tied up for storing references to objects for those queues This does not include the objects that could be on those queues. One fears that the whole memory of the machine could one day be consumed by those queues. C. SLAB meta data overhead SLAB has overhead at the beginning of each slab. This means that data cannot be naturally aligned at the beginning of a slab block. SLUB keeps all meta data in the corresponding page_struct. Objects can be naturally aligned in the slab. F.e. a 128 byte object will be aligned at 128 byte boundaries and can fit tightly into a 4k page with no bytes left over. SLAB cannot do this. D. SLAB has a complex cache reaper SLUB does not need a cache reaper for UP systems. On SMP systems the per CPU slab may be pushed back into partial list but that operation is simple and does not require an iteration over a list of objects. SLAB expires per CPU, shared and alien object queues during cache reaping which may cause strange hold offs. E. SLAB has complex NUMA policy layer support SLUB pushes NUMA policy handling into the page allocator. This means that allocation is coarser (SLUB does interleave on a page level) but that situation was also present before 2.6.13. SLABs application of policies to individual slab objects allocated in SLAB is certainly a performance concern due to the frequent references to memory policies which may lead a sequence of objects to come from one node after another. SLUB will get a slab full of objects from one node and then will switch to the next. F. Reduction of the size of partial slab lists SLAB has per node partial lists. This means that over time a large number of partial slabs may accumulate on those lists. These can only be reused if allocator occur on specific nodes. SLUB has a global pool of partial slabs and will consume slabs from that pool to decrease fragmentation. G. Tunables SLAB has sophisticated tuning abilities for each slab cache. One can manipulate the queue sizes in detail. However, filling the queues still requires the uses of the spin lock to check out slabs. SLUB has a global parameter (min_slab_order) for tuning. Increasing the minimum slab order can decrease the locking overhead. The bigger the slab order the less motions of pages between per CPU and partial lists occur and the better SLUB will be scaling. G. Slab merging We often have slab caches with similar parameters. SLUB detects those on boot up and merges them into the corresponding general caches. This leads to more effective memory use. About 50% of all caches can be eliminated through slab merging. This will also decrease slab fragmentation because partial allocated slabs can be filled up again. Slab merging can be switched off by specifying slub_nomerge on boot up. Note that merging can expose heretofore unknown bugs in the kernel because corrupted objects may now be placed differently and corrupt differing neighboring objects. Enable sanity checks to find those. H. Diagnostics The current slab diagnostics are difficult to use and require a recompilation of the kernel. SLUB contains debugging code that is always available (but is kept out of the hot code paths). SLUB diagnostics can be enabled via the "slab_debug" option. Parameters can be specified to select a single or a group of slab caches for diagnostics. This means that the system is running with the usual performance and it is much more likely that race conditions can be reproduced. I. Resiliency If basic sanity checks are on then SLUB is capable of detecting common error conditions and recover as best as possible to allow the system to continue. J. Tracing Tracing can be enabled via the slab_debug=T,<slabcache> option during boot. SLUB will then protocol all actions on that slabcache and dump the object contents on free. K. On demand DMA cache creation. Generally DMA caches are not needed. If a kmalloc is used with __GFP_DMA then just create this single slabcache that is needed. For systems that have no ZONE_DMA requirement the support is completely eliminated. L. Performance increase Some benchmarks have shown speed improvements on kernbench in the range of 5-10%. The locking overhead of slub is based on the underlying base allocation size. If we can reliably allocate larger order pages then it is possible to increase slub performance much further. The anti-fragmentation patches may enable further performance increases. Tested on: i386 UP + SMP, x86_64 UP + SMP + NUMA emulation, IA64 NUMA + Simulator SLUB Boot options slub_nomerge Disable merging of slabs slub_min_order=x Require a minimum order for slab caches. This increases the managed chunk size and therefore reduces meta data and locking overhead. slub_min_objects=x Mininum objects per slab. Default is 8. slub_max_order=x Avoid generating slabs larger than order specified. slub_debug Enable all diagnostics for all caches slub_debug=<options> Enable selective options for all caches slub_debug=<o>,<cache> Enable selective options for a certain set of caches Available Debug options F Double Free checking, sanity and resiliency R Red zoning P Object / padding poisoning U Track last free / alloc T Trace all allocs / frees (only use for individual slabs). To use SLUB: Apply this patch and then select SLUB as the default slab allocator. [hugh@veritas.com: fix an oops-causing locking error] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: various stupid cleanups and small fixes] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-07 05:49:36 +08:00
choice
prompt "Choose SLAB allocator"
default SLUB
SLUB core This is a new slab allocator which was motivated by the complexity of the existing code in mm/slab.c. It attempts to address a variety of concerns with the existing implementation. A. Management of object queues A particular concern was the complex management of the numerous object queues in SLAB. SLUB has no such queues. Instead we dedicate a slab for each allocating CPU and use objects from a slab directly instead of queueing them up. B. Storage overhead of object queues SLAB Object queues exist per node, per CPU. The alien cache queue even has a queue array that contain a queue for each processor on each node. For very large systems the number of queues and the number of objects that may be caught in those queues grows exponentially. On our systems with 1k nodes / processors we have several gigabytes just tied up for storing references to objects for those queues This does not include the objects that could be on those queues. One fears that the whole memory of the machine could one day be consumed by those queues. C. SLAB meta data overhead SLAB has overhead at the beginning of each slab. This means that data cannot be naturally aligned at the beginning of a slab block. SLUB keeps all meta data in the corresponding page_struct. Objects can be naturally aligned in the slab. F.e. a 128 byte object will be aligned at 128 byte boundaries and can fit tightly into a 4k page with no bytes left over. SLAB cannot do this. D. SLAB has a complex cache reaper SLUB does not need a cache reaper for UP systems. On SMP systems the per CPU slab may be pushed back into partial list but that operation is simple and does not require an iteration over a list of objects. SLAB expires per CPU, shared and alien object queues during cache reaping which may cause strange hold offs. E. SLAB has complex NUMA policy layer support SLUB pushes NUMA policy handling into the page allocator. This means that allocation is coarser (SLUB does interleave on a page level) but that situation was also present before 2.6.13. SLABs application of policies to individual slab objects allocated in SLAB is certainly a performance concern due to the frequent references to memory policies which may lead a sequence of objects to come from one node after another. SLUB will get a slab full of objects from one node and then will switch to the next. F. Reduction of the size of partial slab lists SLAB has per node partial lists. This means that over time a large number of partial slabs may accumulate on those lists. These can only be reused if allocator occur on specific nodes. SLUB has a global pool of partial slabs and will consume slabs from that pool to decrease fragmentation. G. Tunables SLAB has sophisticated tuning abilities for each slab cache. One can manipulate the queue sizes in detail. However, filling the queues still requires the uses of the spin lock to check out slabs. SLUB has a global parameter (min_slab_order) for tuning. Increasing the minimum slab order can decrease the locking overhead. The bigger the slab order the less motions of pages between per CPU and partial lists occur and the better SLUB will be scaling. G. Slab merging We often have slab caches with similar parameters. SLUB detects those on boot up and merges them into the corresponding general caches. This leads to more effective memory use. About 50% of all caches can be eliminated through slab merging. This will also decrease slab fragmentation because partial allocated slabs can be filled up again. Slab merging can be switched off by specifying slub_nomerge on boot up. Note that merging can expose heretofore unknown bugs in the kernel because corrupted objects may now be placed differently and corrupt differing neighboring objects. Enable sanity checks to find those. H. Diagnostics The current slab diagnostics are difficult to use and require a recompilation of the kernel. SLUB contains debugging code that is always available (but is kept out of the hot code paths). SLUB diagnostics can be enabled via the "slab_debug" option. Parameters can be specified to select a single or a group of slab caches for diagnostics. This means that the system is running with the usual performance and it is much more likely that race conditions can be reproduced. I. Resiliency If basic sanity checks are on then SLUB is capable of detecting common error conditions and recover as best as possible to allow the system to continue. J. Tracing Tracing can be enabled via the slab_debug=T,<slabcache> option during boot. SLUB will then protocol all actions on that slabcache and dump the object contents on free. K. On demand DMA cache creation. Generally DMA caches are not needed. If a kmalloc is used with __GFP_DMA then just create this single slabcache that is needed. For systems that have no ZONE_DMA requirement the support is completely eliminated. L. Performance increase Some benchmarks have shown speed improvements on kernbench in the range of 5-10%. The locking overhead of slub is based on the underlying base allocation size. If we can reliably allocate larger order pages then it is possible to increase slub performance much further. The anti-fragmentation patches may enable further performance increases. Tested on: i386 UP + SMP, x86_64 UP + SMP + NUMA emulation, IA64 NUMA + Simulator SLUB Boot options slub_nomerge Disable merging of slabs slub_min_order=x Require a minimum order for slab caches. This increases the managed chunk size and therefore reduces meta data and locking overhead. slub_min_objects=x Mininum objects per slab. Default is 8. slub_max_order=x Avoid generating slabs larger than order specified. slub_debug Enable all diagnostics for all caches slub_debug=<options> Enable selective options for all caches slub_debug=<o>,<cache> Enable selective options for a certain set of caches Available Debug options F Double Free checking, sanity and resiliency R Red zoning P Object / padding poisoning U Track last free / alloc T Trace all allocs / frees (only use for individual slabs). To use SLUB: Apply this patch and then select SLUB as the default slab allocator. [hugh@veritas.com: fix an oops-causing locking error] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: various stupid cleanups and small fixes] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-07 05:49:36 +08:00
help
This option allows to select a slab allocator.
config SLAB
bool "SLAB"
help
The regular slab allocator that is established and known to work
well in all environments. It organizes cache hot objects in
per cpu and per node queues.
SLUB core This is a new slab allocator which was motivated by the complexity of the existing code in mm/slab.c. It attempts to address a variety of concerns with the existing implementation. A. Management of object queues A particular concern was the complex management of the numerous object queues in SLAB. SLUB has no such queues. Instead we dedicate a slab for each allocating CPU and use objects from a slab directly instead of queueing them up. B. Storage overhead of object queues SLAB Object queues exist per node, per CPU. The alien cache queue even has a queue array that contain a queue for each processor on each node. For very large systems the number of queues and the number of objects that may be caught in those queues grows exponentially. On our systems with 1k nodes / processors we have several gigabytes just tied up for storing references to objects for those queues This does not include the objects that could be on those queues. One fears that the whole memory of the machine could one day be consumed by those queues. C. SLAB meta data overhead SLAB has overhead at the beginning of each slab. This means that data cannot be naturally aligned at the beginning of a slab block. SLUB keeps all meta data in the corresponding page_struct. Objects can be naturally aligned in the slab. F.e. a 128 byte object will be aligned at 128 byte boundaries and can fit tightly into a 4k page with no bytes left over. SLAB cannot do this. D. SLAB has a complex cache reaper SLUB does not need a cache reaper for UP systems. On SMP systems the per CPU slab may be pushed back into partial list but that operation is simple and does not require an iteration over a list of objects. SLAB expires per CPU, shared and alien object queues during cache reaping which may cause strange hold offs. E. SLAB has complex NUMA policy layer support SLUB pushes NUMA policy handling into the page allocator. This means that allocation is coarser (SLUB does interleave on a page level) but that situation was also present before 2.6.13. SLABs application of policies to individual slab objects allocated in SLAB is certainly a performance concern due to the frequent references to memory policies which may lead a sequence of objects to come from one node after another. SLUB will get a slab full of objects from one node and then will switch to the next. F. Reduction of the size of partial slab lists SLAB has per node partial lists. This means that over time a large number of partial slabs may accumulate on those lists. These can only be reused if allocator occur on specific nodes. SLUB has a global pool of partial slabs and will consume slabs from that pool to decrease fragmentation. G. Tunables SLAB has sophisticated tuning abilities for each slab cache. One can manipulate the queue sizes in detail. However, filling the queues still requires the uses of the spin lock to check out slabs. SLUB has a global parameter (min_slab_order) for tuning. Increasing the minimum slab order can decrease the locking overhead. The bigger the slab order the less motions of pages between per CPU and partial lists occur and the better SLUB will be scaling. G. Slab merging We often have slab caches with similar parameters. SLUB detects those on boot up and merges them into the corresponding general caches. This leads to more effective memory use. About 50% of all caches can be eliminated through slab merging. This will also decrease slab fragmentation because partial allocated slabs can be filled up again. Slab merging can be switched off by specifying slub_nomerge on boot up. Note that merging can expose heretofore unknown bugs in the kernel because corrupted objects may now be placed differently and corrupt differing neighboring objects. Enable sanity checks to find those. H. Diagnostics The current slab diagnostics are difficult to use and require a recompilation of the kernel. SLUB contains debugging code that is always available (but is kept out of the hot code paths). SLUB diagnostics can be enabled via the "slab_debug" option. Parameters can be specified to select a single or a group of slab caches for diagnostics. This means that the system is running with the usual performance and it is much more likely that race conditions can be reproduced. I. Resiliency If basic sanity checks are on then SLUB is capable of detecting common error conditions and recover as best as possible to allow the system to continue. J. Tracing Tracing can be enabled via the slab_debug=T,<slabcache> option during boot. SLUB will then protocol all actions on that slabcache and dump the object contents on free. K. On demand DMA cache creation. Generally DMA caches are not needed. If a kmalloc is used with __GFP_DMA then just create this single slabcache that is needed. For systems that have no ZONE_DMA requirement the support is completely eliminated. L. Performance increase Some benchmarks have shown speed improvements on kernbench in the range of 5-10%. The locking overhead of slub is based on the underlying base allocation size. If we can reliably allocate larger order pages then it is possible to increase slub performance much further. The anti-fragmentation patches may enable further performance increases. Tested on: i386 UP + SMP, x86_64 UP + SMP + NUMA emulation, IA64 NUMA + Simulator SLUB Boot options slub_nomerge Disable merging of slabs slub_min_order=x Require a minimum order for slab caches. This increases the managed chunk size and therefore reduces meta data and locking overhead. slub_min_objects=x Mininum objects per slab. Default is 8. slub_max_order=x Avoid generating slabs larger than order specified. slub_debug Enable all diagnostics for all caches slub_debug=<options> Enable selective options for all caches slub_debug=<o>,<cache> Enable selective options for a certain set of caches Available Debug options F Double Free checking, sanity and resiliency R Red zoning P Object / padding poisoning U Track last free / alloc T Trace all allocs / frees (only use for individual slabs). To use SLUB: Apply this patch and then select SLUB as the default slab allocator. [hugh@veritas.com: fix an oops-causing locking error] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: various stupid cleanups and small fixes] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-07 05:49:36 +08:00
config SLUB
bool "SLUB (Unqueued Allocator)"
help
SLUB is a slab allocator that minimizes cache line usage
instead of managing queues of cached objects (SLAB approach).
Per cpu caching is realized using slabs of objects instead
of queues of objects. SLUB can use memory efficiently
and has enhanced diagnostics. SLUB is the default choice for
a slab allocator.
SLUB core This is a new slab allocator which was motivated by the complexity of the existing code in mm/slab.c. It attempts to address a variety of concerns with the existing implementation. A. Management of object queues A particular concern was the complex management of the numerous object queues in SLAB. SLUB has no such queues. Instead we dedicate a slab for each allocating CPU and use objects from a slab directly instead of queueing them up. B. Storage overhead of object queues SLAB Object queues exist per node, per CPU. The alien cache queue even has a queue array that contain a queue for each processor on each node. For very large systems the number of queues and the number of objects that may be caught in those queues grows exponentially. On our systems with 1k nodes / processors we have several gigabytes just tied up for storing references to objects for those queues This does not include the objects that could be on those queues. One fears that the whole memory of the machine could one day be consumed by those queues. C. SLAB meta data overhead SLAB has overhead at the beginning of each slab. This means that data cannot be naturally aligned at the beginning of a slab block. SLUB keeps all meta data in the corresponding page_struct. Objects can be naturally aligned in the slab. F.e. a 128 byte object will be aligned at 128 byte boundaries and can fit tightly into a 4k page with no bytes left over. SLAB cannot do this. D. SLAB has a complex cache reaper SLUB does not need a cache reaper for UP systems. On SMP systems the per CPU slab may be pushed back into partial list but that operation is simple and does not require an iteration over a list of objects. SLAB expires per CPU, shared and alien object queues during cache reaping which may cause strange hold offs. E. SLAB has complex NUMA policy layer support SLUB pushes NUMA policy handling into the page allocator. This means that allocation is coarser (SLUB does interleave on a page level) but that situation was also present before 2.6.13. SLABs application of policies to individual slab objects allocated in SLAB is certainly a performance concern due to the frequent references to memory policies which may lead a sequence of objects to come from one node after another. SLUB will get a slab full of objects from one node and then will switch to the next. F. Reduction of the size of partial slab lists SLAB has per node partial lists. This means that over time a large number of partial slabs may accumulate on those lists. These can only be reused if allocator occur on specific nodes. SLUB has a global pool of partial slabs and will consume slabs from that pool to decrease fragmentation. G. Tunables SLAB has sophisticated tuning abilities for each slab cache. One can manipulate the queue sizes in detail. However, filling the queues still requires the uses of the spin lock to check out slabs. SLUB has a global parameter (min_slab_order) for tuning. Increasing the minimum slab order can decrease the locking overhead. The bigger the slab order the less motions of pages between per CPU and partial lists occur and the better SLUB will be scaling. G. Slab merging We often have slab caches with similar parameters. SLUB detects those on boot up and merges them into the corresponding general caches. This leads to more effective memory use. About 50% of all caches can be eliminated through slab merging. This will also decrease slab fragmentation because partial allocated slabs can be filled up again. Slab merging can be switched off by specifying slub_nomerge on boot up. Note that merging can expose heretofore unknown bugs in the kernel because corrupted objects may now be placed differently and corrupt differing neighboring objects. Enable sanity checks to find those. H. Diagnostics The current slab diagnostics are difficult to use and require a recompilation of the kernel. SLUB contains debugging code that is always available (but is kept out of the hot code paths). SLUB diagnostics can be enabled via the "slab_debug" option. Parameters can be specified to select a single or a group of slab caches for diagnostics. This means that the system is running with the usual performance and it is much more likely that race conditions can be reproduced. I. Resiliency If basic sanity checks are on then SLUB is capable of detecting common error conditions and recover as best as possible to allow the system to continue. J. Tracing Tracing can be enabled via the slab_debug=T,<slabcache> option during boot. SLUB will then protocol all actions on that slabcache and dump the object contents on free. K. On demand DMA cache creation. Generally DMA caches are not needed. If a kmalloc is used with __GFP_DMA then just create this single slabcache that is needed. For systems that have no ZONE_DMA requirement the support is completely eliminated. L. Performance increase Some benchmarks have shown speed improvements on kernbench in the range of 5-10%. The locking overhead of slub is based on the underlying base allocation size. If we can reliably allocate larger order pages then it is possible to increase slub performance much further. The anti-fragmentation patches may enable further performance increases. Tested on: i386 UP + SMP, x86_64 UP + SMP + NUMA emulation, IA64 NUMA + Simulator SLUB Boot options slub_nomerge Disable merging of slabs slub_min_order=x Require a minimum order for slab caches. This increases the managed chunk size and therefore reduces meta data and locking overhead. slub_min_objects=x Mininum objects per slab. Default is 8. slub_max_order=x Avoid generating slabs larger than order specified. slub_debug Enable all diagnostics for all caches slub_debug=<options> Enable selective options for all caches slub_debug=<o>,<cache> Enable selective options for a certain set of caches Available Debug options F Double Free checking, sanity and resiliency R Red zoning P Object / padding poisoning U Track last free / alloc T Trace all allocs / frees (only use for individual slabs). To use SLUB: Apply this patch and then select SLUB as the default slab allocator. [hugh@veritas.com: fix an oops-causing locking error] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: various stupid cleanups and small fixes] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-07 05:49:36 +08:00
config SLOB
depends on EXPERT
SLUB core This is a new slab allocator which was motivated by the complexity of the existing code in mm/slab.c. It attempts to address a variety of concerns with the existing implementation. A. Management of object queues A particular concern was the complex management of the numerous object queues in SLAB. SLUB has no such queues. Instead we dedicate a slab for each allocating CPU and use objects from a slab directly instead of queueing them up. B. Storage overhead of object queues SLAB Object queues exist per node, per CPU. The alien cache queue even has a queue array that contain a queue for each processor on each node. For very large systems the number of queues and the number of objects that may be caught in those queues grows exponentially. On our systems with 1k nodes / processors we have several gigabytes just tied up for storing references to objects for those queues This does not include the objects that could be on those queues. One fears that the whole memory of the machine could one day be consumed by those queues. C. SLAB meta data overhead SLAB has overhead at the beginning of each slab. This means that data cannot be naturally aligned at the beginning of a slab block. SLUB keeps all meta data in the corresponding page_struct. Objects can be naturally aligned in the slab. F.e. a 128 byte object will be aligned at 128 byte boundaries and can fit tightly into a 4k page with no bytes left over. SLAB cannot do this. D. SLAB has a complex cache reaper SLUB does not need a cache reaper for UP systems. On SMP systems the per CPU slab may be pushed back into partial list but that operation is simple and does not require an iteration over a list of objects. SLAB expires per CPU, shared and alien object queues during cache reaping which may cause strange hold offs. E. SLAB has complex NUMA policy layer support SLUB pushes NUMA policy handling into the page allocator. This means that allocation is coarser (SLUB does interleave on a page level) but that situation was also present before 2.6.13. SLABs application of policies to individual slab objects allocated in SLAB is certainly a performance concern due to the frequent references to memory policies which may lead a sequence of objects to come from one node after another. SLUB will get a slab full of objects from one node and then will switch to the next. F. Reduction of the size of partial slab lists SLAB has per node partial lists. This means that over time a large number of partial slabs may accumulate on those lists. These can only be reused if allocator occur on specific nodes. SLUB has a global pool of partial slabs and will consume slabs from that pool to decrease fragmentation. G. Tunables SLAB has sophisticated tuning abilities for each slab cache. One can manipulate the queue sizes in detail. However, filling the queues still requires the uses of the spin lock to check out slabs. SLUB has a global parameter (min_slab_order) for tuning. Increasing the minimum slab order can decrease the locking overhead. The bigger the slab order the less motions of pages between per CPU and partial lists occur and the better SLUB will be scaling. G. Slab merging We often have slab caches with similar parameters. SLUB detects those on boot up and merges them into the corresponding general caches. This leads to more effective memory use. About 50% of all caches can be eliminated through slab merging. This will also decrease slab fragmentation because partial allocated slabs can be filled up again. Slab merging can be switched off by specifying slub_nomerge on boot up. Note that merging can expose heretofore unknown bugs in the kernel because corrupted objects may now be placed differently and corrupt differing neighboring objects. Enable sanity checks to find those. H. Diagnostics The current slab diagnostics are difficult to use and require a recompilation of the kernel. SLUB contains debugging code that is always available (but is kept out of the hot code paths). SLUB diagnostics can be enabled via the "slab_debug" option. Parameters can be specified to select a single or a group of slab caches for diagnostics. This means that the system is running with the usual performance and it is much more likely that race conditions can be reproduced. I. Resiliency If basic sanity checks are on then SLUB is capable of detecting common error conditions and recover as best as possible to allow the system to continue. J. Tracing Tracing can be enabled via the slab_debug=T,<slabcache> option during boot. SLUB will then protocol all actions on that slabcache and dump the object contents on free. K. On demand DMA cache creation. Generally DMA caches are not needed. If a kmalloc is used with __GFP_DMA then just create this single slabcache that is needed. For systems that have no ZONE_DMA requirement the support is completely eliminated. L. Performance increase Some benchmarks have shown speed improvements on kernbench in the range of 5-10%. The locking overhead of slub is based on the underlying base allocation size. If we can reliably allocate larger order pages then it is possible to increase slub performance much further. The anti-fragmentation patches may enable further performance increases. Tested on: i386 UP + SMP, x86_64 UP + SMP + NUMA emulation, IA64 NUMA + Simulator SLUB Boot options slub_nomerge Disable merging of slabs slub_min_order=x Require a minimum order for slab caches. This increases the managed chunk size and therefore reduces meta data and locking overhead. slub_min_objects=x Mininum objects per slab. Default is 8. slub_max_order=x Avoid generating slabs larger than order specified. slub_debug Enable all diagnostics for all caches slub_debug=<options> Enable selective options for all caches slub_debug=<o>,<cache> Enable selective options for a certain set of caches Available Debug options F Double Free checking, sanity and resiliency R Red zoning P Object / padding poisoning U Track last free / alloc T Trace all allocs / frees (only use for individual slabs). To use SLUB: Apply this patch and then select SLUB as the default slab allocator. [hugh@veritas.com: fix an oops-causing locking error] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: various stupid cleanups and small fixes] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-07 05:49:36 +08:00
bool "SLOB (Simple Allocator)"
help
SLOB replaces the stock allocator with a drastically simpler
allocator. SLOB is generally more space efficient but
does not perform as well on large systems.
SLUB core This is a new slab allocator which was motivated by the complexity of the existing code in mm/slab.c. It attempts to address a variety of concerns with the existing implementation. A. Management of object queues A particular concern was the complex management of the numerous object queues in SLAB. SLUB has no such queues. Instead we dedicate a slab for each allocating CPU and use objects from a slab directly instead of queueing them up. B. Storage overhead of object queues SLAB Object queues exist per node, per CPU. The alien cache queue even has a queue array that contain a queue for each processor on each node. For very large systems the number of queues and the number of objects that may be caught in those queues grows exponentially. On our systems with 1k nodes / processors we have several gigabytes just tied up for storing references to objects for those queues This does not include the objects that could be on those queues. One fears that the whole memory of the machine could one day be consumed by those queues. C. SLAB meta data overhead SLAB has overhead at the beginning of each slab. This means that data cannot be naturally aligned at the beginning of a slab block. SLUB keeps all meta data in the corresponding page_struct. Objects can be naturally aligned in the slab. F.e. a 128 byte object will be aligned at 128 byte boundaries and can fit tightly into a 4k page with no bytes left over. SLAB cannot do this. D. SLAB has a complex cache reaper SLUB does not need a cache reaper for UP systems. On SMP systems the per CPU slab may be pushed back into partial list but that operation is simple and does not require an iteration over a list of objects. SLAB expires per CPU, shared and alien object queues during cache reaping which may cause strange hold offs. E. SLAB has complex NUMA policy layer support SLUB pushes NUMA policy handling into the page allocator. This means that allocation is coarser (SLUB does interleave on a page level) but that situation was also present before 2.6.13. SLABs application of policies to individual slab objects allocated in SLAB is certainly a performance concern due to the frequent references to memory policies which may lead a sequence of objects to come from one node after another. SLUB will get a slab full of objects from one node and then will switch to the next. F. Reduction of the size of partial slab lists SLAB has per node partial lists. This means that over time a large number of partial slabs may accumulate on those lists. These can only be reused if allocator occur on specific nodes. SLUB has a global pool of partial slabs and will consume slabs from that pool to decrease fragmentation. G. Tunables SLAB has sophisticated tuning abilities for each slab cache. One can manipulate the queue sizes in detail. However, filling the queues still requires the uses of the spin lock to check out slabs. SLUB has a global parameter (min_slab_order) for tuning. Increasing the minimum slab order can decrease the locking overhead. The bigger the slab order the less motions of pages between per CPU and partial lists occur and the better SLUB will be scaling. G. Slab merging We often have slab caches with similar parameters. SLUB detects those on boot up and merges them into the corresponding general caches. This leads to more effective memory use. About 50% of all caches can be eliminated through slab merging. This will also decrease slab fragmentation because partial allocated slabs can be filled up again. Slab merging can be switched off by specifying slub_nomerge on boot up. Note that merging can expose heretofore unknown bugs in the kernel because corrupted objects may now be placed differently and corrupt differing neighboring objects. Enable sanity checks to find those. H. Diagnostics The current slab diagnostics are difficult to use and require a recompilation of the kernel. SLUB contains debugging code that is always available (but is kept out of the hot code paths). SLUB diagnostics can be enabled via the "slab_debug" option. Parameters can be specified to select a single or a group of slab caches for diagnostics. This means that the system is running with the usual performance and it is much more likely that race conditions can be reproduced. I. Resiliency If basic sanity checks are on then SLUB is capable of detecting common error conditions and recover as best as possible to allow the system to continue. J. Tracing Tracing can be enabled via the slab_debug=T,<slabcache> option during boot. SLUB will then protocol all actions on that slabcache and dump the object contents on free. K. On demand DMA cache creation. Generally DMA caches are not needed. If a kmalloc is used with __GFP_DMA then just create this single slabcache that is needed. For systems that have no ZONE_DMA requirement the support is completely eliminated. L. Performance increase Some benchmarks have shown speed improvements on kernbench in the range of 5-10%. The locking overhead of slub is based on the underlying base allocation size. If we can reliably allocate larger order pages then it is possible to increase slub performance much further. The anti-fragmentation patches may enable further performance increases. Tested on: i386 UP + SMP, x86_64 UP + SMP + NUMA emulation, IA64 NUMA + Simulator SLUB Boot options slub_nomerge Disable merging of slabs slub_min_order=x Require a minimum order for slab caches. This increases the managed chunk size and therefore reduces meta data and locking overhead. slub_min_objects=x Mininum objects per slab. Default is 8. slub_max_order=x Avoid generating slabs larger than order specified. slub_debug Enable all diagnostics for all caches slub_debug=<options> Enable selective options for all caches slub_debug=<o>,<cache> Enable selective options for a certain set of caches Available Debug options F Double Free checking, sanity and resiliency R Red zoning P Object / padding poisoning U Track last free / alloc T Trace all allocs / frees (only use for individual slabs). To use SLUB: Apply this patch and then select SLUB as the default slab allocator. [hugh@veritas.com: fix an oops-causing locking error] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: various stupid cleanups and small fixes] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-07 05:49:36 +08:00
endchoice
config SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL
default y
depends on SLUB && SMP
bool "SLUB per cpu partial cache"
help
Per cpu partial caches accellerate objects allocation and freeing
that is local to a processor at the price of more indeterminism
in the latency of the free. On overflow these caches will be cleared
which requires the taking of locks that may cause latency spikes.
Typically one would choose no for a realtime system.
config MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED
bool "Allow mmapped anonymous memory to be uninitialized"
depends on EXPERT && !MMU
default n
help
Normally, and according to the Linux spec, anonymous memory obtained
from mmap() has it's contents cleared before it is passed to
userspace. Enabling this config option allows you to request that
mmap() skip that if it is given an MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag, thus
providing a huge performance boost. If this option is not enabled,
then the flag will be ignored.
This is taken advantage of by uClibc's malloc(), and also by
ELF-FDPIC binfmt's brk and stack allocator.
Because of the obvious security issues, this option should only be
enabled on embedded devices where you control what is run in
userspace. Since that isn't generally a problem on no-MMU systems,
it is normally safe to say Y here.
See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information.
config SYSTEM_DATA_VERIFICATION
def_bool n
select SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING
select KEYS
select CRYPTO
select CRYPTO_RSA
select ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE
select ASYMMETRIC_PUBLIC_KEY_SUBTYPE
select ASN1
select OID_REGISTRY
select X509_CERTIFICATE_PARSER
select PKCS7_MESSAGE_PARSER
help
Provide PKCS#7 message verification using the contents of the system
trusted keyring to provide public keys. This then can be used for
module verification, kexec image verification and firmware blob
verification.
config PROFILING
bool "Profiling support"
help
Say Y here to enable the extended profiling support mechanisms used
by profilers such as OProfile.
#
# Place an empty function call at each tracepoint site. Can be
# dynamically changed for a probe function.
#
tracing: Kernel Tracepoints Implementation of kernel tracepoints. Inspired from the Linux Kernel Markers. Allows complete typing verification by declaring both tracing statement inline functions and probe registration/unregistration static inline functions within the same macro "DEFINE_TRACE". No format string is required. See the tracepoint Documentation and Samples patches for usage examples. Taken from the documentation patch : "A tracepoint placed in code provides a hook to call a function (probe) that you can provide at runtime. A tracepoint can be "on" (a probe is connected to it) or "off" (no probe is attached). When a tracepoint is "off" it has no effect, except for adding a tiny time penalty (checking a condition for a branch) and space penalty (adding a few bytes for the function call at the end of the instrumented function and adds a data structure in a separate section). When a tracepoint is "on", the function you provide is called each time the tracepoint is executed, in the execution context of the caller. When the function provided ends its execution, it returns to the caller (continuing from the tracepoint site). You can put tracepoints at important locations in the code. They are lightweight hooks that can pass an arbitrary number of parameters, which prototypes are described in a tracepoint declaration placed in a header file." Addition and removal of tracepoints is synchronized by RCU using the scheduler (and preempt_disable) as guarantees to find a quiescent state (this is really RCU "classic"). The update side uses rcu_barrier_sched() with call_rcu_sched() and the read/execute side uses "preempt_disable()/preempt_enable()". We make sure the previous array containing probes, which has been scheduled for deletion by the rcu callback, is indeed freed before we proceed to the next update. It therefore limits the rate of modification of a single tracepoint to one update per RCU period. The objective here is to permit fast batch add/removal of probes on _different_ tracepoints. Changelog : - Use #name ":" #proto as string to identify the tracepoint in the tracepoint table. This will make sure not type mismatch happens due to connexion of a probe with the wrong type to a tracepoint declared with the same name in a different header. - Add tracepoint_entry_free_old. - Change __TO_TRACE to get rid of the 'i' iterator. Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> : Tested on x86-64. Performance impact of a tracepoint : same as markers, except that it adds about 70 bytes of instructions in an unlikely branch of each instrumented function (the for loop, the stack setup and the function call). It currently adds a memory read, a test and a conditional branch at the instrumentation site (in the hot path). Immediate values will eventually change this into a load immediate, test and branch, which removes the memory read which will make the i-cache impact smaller (changing the memory read for a load immediate removes 3-4 bytes per site on x86_32 (depending on mov prefixes), or 7-8 bytes on x86_64, it also saves the d-cache hit). About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code scheduler code) was added. Quoting Hideo Aoki about Markers : I evaluated overhead of kernel marker using linux-2.6-sched-fixes git tree, which includes several markers for LTTng, using an ia64 server. While the immediate trace mark feature isn't implemented on ia64, there is no major performance regression. So, I think that we don't have any issues to propose merging marker point patches into Linus's tree from the viewpoint of performance impact. I prepared two kernels to evaluate. The first one was compiled without CONFIG_MARKERS. The second one was enabled CONFIG_MARKERS. I downloaded the original hackbench from the following URL: http://devresources.linux-foundation.org/craiger/hackbench/src/hackbench.c I ran hackbench 5 times in each condition and calculated the average and difference between the kernels. The parameter of hackbench: every 50 from 50 to 800 The number of CPUs of the server: 2, 4, and 8 Below is the results. As you can see, major performance regression wasn't found in any case. Even if number of processes increases, differences between marker-enabled kernel and marker- disabled kernel doesn't increase. Moreover, if number of CPUs increases, the differences doesn't increase either. Curiously, marker-enabled kernel is better than marker-disabled kernel in more than half cases, although I guess it comes from the difference of memory access pattern. * 2 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 4.811 | 4.872 | +0.061 | +1.27 | 100 | 9.854 | 10.309 | +0.454 | +4.61 | 150 | 15.602 | 15.040 | -0.562 | -3.6 | 200 | 20.489 | 20.380 | -0.109 | -0.53 | 250 | 25.798 | 25.652 | -0.146 | -0.56 | 300 | 31.260 | 30.797 | -0.463 | -1.48 | 350 | 36.121 | 35.770 | -0.351 | -0.97 | 400 | 42.288 | 42.102 | -0.186 | -0.44 | 450 | 47.778 | 47.253 | -0.526 | -1.1 | 500 | 51.953 | 52.278 | +0.325 | +0.63 | 550 | 58.401 | 57.700 | -0.701 | -1.2 | 600 | 63.334 | 63.222 | -0.112 | -0.18 | 650 | 68.816 | 68.511 | -0.306 | -0.44 | 700 | 74.667 | 74.088 | -0.579 | -0.78 | 750 | 78.612 | 79.582 | +0.970 | +1.23 | 800 | 85.431 | 85.263 | -0.168 | -0.2 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 4 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.586 | 2.584 | -0.003 | -0.1 | 100 | 5.254 | 5.283 | +0.030 | +0.56 | 150 | 8.012 | 8.074 | +0.061 | +0.76 | 200 | 11.172 | 11.000 | -0.172 | -1.54 | 250 | 13.917 | 14.036 | +0.119 | +0.86 | 300 | 16.905 | 16.543 | -0.362 | -2.14 | 350 | 19.901 | 20.036 | +0.135 | +0.68 | 400 | 22.908 | 23.094 | +0.186 | +0.81 | 450 | 26.273 | 26.101 | -0.172 | -0.66 | 500 | 29.554 | 29.092 | -0.461 | -1.56 | 550 | 32.377 | 32.274 | -0.103 | -0.32 | 600 | 35.855 | 35.322 | -0.533 | -1.49 | 650 | 39.192 | 38.388 | -0.804 | -2.05 | 700 | 41.744 | 41.719 | -0.025 | -0.06 | 750 | 45.016 | 44.496 | -0.520 | -1.16 | 800 | 48.212 | 47.603 | -0.609 | -1.26 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 8 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.094 | 2.072 | -0.022 | -1.07 | 100 | 4.162 | 4.273 | +0.111 | +2.66 | 150 | 6.485 | 6.540 | +0.055 | +0.84 | 200 | 8.556 | 8.478 | -0.078 | -0.91 | 250 | 10.458 | 10.258 | -0.200 | -1.91 | 300 | 12.425 | 12.750 | +0.325 | +2.62 | 350 | 14.807 | 14.839 | +0.032 | +0.22 | 400 | 16.801 | 16.959 | +0.158 | +0.94 | 450 | 19.478 | 19.009 | -0.470 | -2.41 | 500 | 21.296 | 21.504 | +0.208 | +0.98 | 550 | 23.842 | 23.979 | +0.137 | +0.57 | 600 | 26.309 | 26.111 | -0.198 | -0.75 | 650 | 28.705 | 28.446 | -0.259 | -0.9 | 700 | 31.233 | 31.394 | +0.161 | +0.52 | 750 | 34.064 | 33.720 | -0.344 | -1.01 | 800 | 36.320 | 36.114 | -0.206 | -0.57 | -------------------------------------------------------------- Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: 'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-07-19 00:16:16 +08:00
config TRACEPOINTS
bool
tracing: Kernel Tracepoints Implementation of kernel tracepoints. Inspired from the Linux Kernel Markers. Allows complete typing verification by declaring both tracing statement inline functions and probe registration/unregistration static inline functions within the same macro "DEFINE_TRACE". No format string is required. See the tracepoint Documentation and Samples patches for usage examples. Taken from the documentation patch : "A tracepoint placed in code provides a hook to call a function (probe) that you can provide at runtime. A tracepoint can be "on" (a probe is connected to it) or "off" (no probe is attached). When a tracepoint is "off" it has no effect, except for adding a tiny time penalty (checking a condition for a branch) and space penalty (adding a few bytes for the function call at the end of the instrumented function and adds a data structure in a separate section). When a tracepoint is "on", the function you provide is called each time the tracepoint is executed, in the execution context of the caller. When the function provided ends its execution, it returns to the caller (continuing from the tracepoint site). You can put tracepoints at important locations in the code. They are lightweight hooks that can pass an arbitrary number of parameters, which prototypes are described in a tracepoint declaration placed in a header file." Addition and removal of tracepoints is synchronized by RCU using the scheduler (and preempt_disable) as guarantees to find a quiescent state (this is really RCU "classic"). The update side uses rcu_barrier_sched() with call_rcu_sched() and the read/execute side uses "preempt_disable()/preempt_enable()". We make sure the previous array containing probes, which has been scheduled for deletion by the rcu callback, is indeed freed before we proceed to the next update. It therefore limits the rate of modification of a single tracepoint to one update per RCU period. The objective here is to permit fast batch add/removal of probes on _different_ tracepoints. Changelog : - Use #name ":" #proto as string to identify the tracepoint in the tracepoint table. This will make sure not type mismatch happens due to connexion of a probe with the wrong type to a tracepoint declared with the same name in a different header. - Add tracepoint_entry_free_old. - Change __TO_TRACE to get rid of the 'i' iterator. Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> : Tested on x86-64. Performance impact of a tracepoint : same as markers, except that it adds about 70 bytes of instructions in an unlikely branch of each instrumented function (the for loop, the stack setup and the function call). It currently adds a memory read, a test and a conditional branch at the instrumentation site (in the hot path). Immediate values will eventually change this into a load immediate, test and branch, which removes the memory read which will make the i-cache impact smaller (changing the memory read for a load immediate removes 3-4 bytes per site on x86_32 (depending on mov prefixes), or 7-8 bytes on x86_64, it also saves the d-cache hit). About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code scheduler code) was added. Quoting Hideo Aoki about Markers : I evaluated overhead of kernel marker using linux-2.6-sched-fixes git tree, which includes several markers for LTTng, using an ia64 server. While the immediate trace mark feature isn't implemented on ia64, there is no major performance regression. So, I think that we don't have any issues to propose merging marker point patches into Linus's tree from the viewpoint of performance impact. I prepared two kernels to evaluate. The first one was compiled without CONFIG_MARKERS. The second one was enabled CONFIG_MARKERS. I downloaded the original hackbench from the following URL: http://devresources.linux-foundation.org/craiger/hackbench/src/hackbench.c I ran hackbench 5 times in each condition and calculated the average and difference between the kernels. The parameter of hackbench: every 50 from 50 to 800 The number of CPUs of the server: 2, 4, and 8 Below is the results. As you can see, major performance regression wasn't found in any case. Even if number of processes increases, differences between marker-enabled kernel and marker- disabled kernel doesn't increase. Moreover, if number of CPUs increases, the differences doesn't increase either. Curiously, marker-enabled kernel is better than marker-disabled kernel in more than half cases, although I guess it comes from the difference of memory access pattern. * 2 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 4.811 | 4.872 | +0.061 | +1.27 | 100 | 9.854 | 10.309 | +0.454 | +4.61 | 150 | 15.602 | 15.040 | -0.562 | -3.6 | 200 | 20.489 | 20.380 | -0.109 | -0.53 | 250 | 25.798 | 25.652 | -0.146 | -0.56 | 300 | 31.260 | 30.797 | -0.463 | -1.48 | 350 | 36.121 | 35.770 | -0.351 | -0.97 | 400 | 42.288 | 42.102 | -0.186 | -0.44 | 450 | 47.778 | 47.253 | -0.526 | -1.1 | 500 | 51.953 | 52.278 | +0.325 | +0.63 | 550 | 58.401 | 57.700 | -0.701 | -1.2 | 600 | 63.334 | 63.222 | -0.112 | -0.18 | 650 | 68.816 | 68.511 | -0.306 | -0.44 | 700 | 74.667 | 74.088 | -0.579 | -0.78 | 750 | 78.612 | 79.582 | +0.970 | +1.23 | 800 | 85.431 | 85.263 | -0.168 | -0.2 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 4 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.586 | 2.584 | -0.003 | -0.1 | 100 | 5.254 | 5.283 | +0.030 | +0.56 | 150 | 8.012 | 8.074 | +0.061 | +0.76 | 200 | 11.172 | 11.000 | -0.172 | -1.54 | 250 | 13.917 | 14.036 | +0.119 | +0.86 | 300 | 16.905 | 16.543 | -0.362 | -2.14 | 350 | 19.901 | 20.036 | +0.135 | +0.68 | 400 | 22.908 | 23.094 | +0.186 | +0.81 | 450 | 26.273 | 26.101 | -0.172 | -0.66 | 500 | 29.554 | 29.092 | -0.461 | -1.56 | 550 | 32.377 | 32.274 | -0.103 | -0.32 | 600 | 35.855 | 35.322 | -0.533 | -1.49 | 650 | 39.192 | 38.388 | -0.804 | -2.05 | 700 | 41.744 | 41.719 | -0.025 | -0.06 | 750 | 45.016 | 44.496 | -0.520 | -1.16 | 800 | 48.212 | 47.603 | -0.609 | -1.26 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 8 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.094 | 2.072 | -0.022 | -1.07 | 100 | 4.162 | 4.273 | +0.111 | +2.66 | 150 | 6.485 | 6.540 | +0.055 | +0.84 | 200 | 8.556 | 8.478 | -0.078 | -0.91 | 250 | 10.458 | 10.258 | -0.200 | -1.91 | 300 | 12.425 | 12.750 | +0.325 | +2.62 | 350 | 14.807 | 14.839 | +0.032 | +0.22 | 400 | 16.801 | 16.959 | +0.158 | +0.94 | 450 | 19.478 | 19.009 | -0.470 | -2.41 | 500 | 21.296 | 21.504 | +0.208 | +0.98 | 550 | 23.842 | 23.979 | +0.137 | +0.57 | 600 | 26.309 | 26.111 | -0.198 | -0.75 | 650 | 28.705 | 28.446 | -0.259 | -0.9 | 700 | 31.233 | 31.394 | +0.161 | +0.52 | 750 | 34.064 | 33.720 | -0.344 | -1.01 | 800 | 36.320 | 36.114 | -0.206 | -0.57 | -------------------------------------------------------------- Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: 'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-07-19 00:16:16 +08:00
Create arch/Kconfig Puts the content of arch/Kconfig in the "General setup" menu. Linus: > Should it come with a re-duplication of it's content into each > architecture, which was the case previously ? The oprofile and kprobes > menu entries were litteraly cut and pasted from one architecture to > another. Should we put its content in init/Kconfig then ? I don't think it's a good idea to go back to making it per-architecture, although that extensive "depends on <list-of-archiectures-here>" might indicate that there certainly is room for cleanup there. And I don't think it's wrong keeping it in kernel/Kconfig.xyz per se, I just think it's wrong to (a) lump the code together when it really doesn't necessarily need to and (b) show it to users as some kind of choice that is tied together (whether it then has common code or not). On the per-architecture side, I do think it would be better to *not* have internal architecture knowledge in a generic file, and as such a line like depends on X86_32 || IA64 || PPC || S390 || SPARC64 || X86_64 || AVR32 really shouldn't exist in a file like kernel/Kconfig.instrumentation. It would be much better to do depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_KPROBES in that generic file, and then architectures that do support it would just have a bool ARCH_SUPPORTS_KPROBES default y in *their* architecture files. That would seem to be much more logical, and is readable both for arch maintainers *and* for people who have no clue - and don't care - about which architecture is supposed to support which interface... Sam Ravnborg: Stuff it into a new file: arch/Kconfig We can then extend this file to include all the 'trailing' Kconfig things that are anyway equal for all ARCHs. But it should be kept clean - so if we introduce such a file then we should use ARCH_HAS_whatever in the arch specific Kconfig files to enable stuff that is not shared. [...] The above suggestion is actually not exactly the best way to do it... First the naming.. A quick grep shows following usage today (in Kconfig files) ARCH_HAS 51 ARCH_SUPPORTS 4 HAVE_ARCH 7 ARCH_HAS is the clear winner. In the common Kconfig file do: config FOO depends on ARCH_HAS_FOO bool "bla bla" config ARCH_HAS_FOO def_bool n In the arch specific Kconfig file in a suitable place do: config SUITABLE_OPTION select ARCH_HAS_FOO The naming of ARCH_HAS_ is fixed and shall be: ARCH_HAS_<config option it will enable> Only a single line added pr. architecture. And we will end up with a (maybe even commented) list of trivial selects. - Yet another update : Moving to HAVE_* now. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2008-02-03 04:10:33 +08:00
source "arch/Kconfig"
endmenu # General setup
config HAVE_GENERIC_DMA_COHERENT
bool
default n
config SLABINFO
bool
depends on PROC_FS
depends on SLAB || SLUB_DEBUG
default y
config RT_MUTEXES
bool
config BASE_SMALL
int
default 0 if BASE_FULL
default 1 if !BASE_FULL
menuconfig MODULES
bool "Enable loadable module support"
option modules
help
Kernel modules are small pieces of compiled code which can
be inserted in the running kernel, rather than being
permanently built into the kernel. You use the "modprobe"
tool to add (and sometimes remove) them. If you say Y here,
many parts of the kernel can be built as modules (by
answering M instead of Y where indicated): this is most
useful for infrequently used options which are not required
for booting. For more information, see the man pages for
modprobe, lsmod, modinfo, insmod and rmmod.
If you say Y here, you will need to run "make
modules_install" to put the modules under /lib/modules/
where modprobe can find them (you may need to be root to do
this).
If unsure, say Y.
if MODULES
config MODULE_FORCE_LOAD
bool "Forced module loading"
default n
help
Allow loading of modules without version information (ie. modprobe
--force). Forced module loading sets the 'F' (forced) taint flag and
is usually a really bad idea.
config MODULE_UNLOAD
bool "Module unloading"
help
Without this option you will not be able to unload any
modules (note that some modules may not be unloadable
anyway), which makes your kernel smaller, faster
and simpler. If unsure, say Y.
config MODULE_FORCE_UNLOAD
bool "Forced module unloading"
depends on MODULE_UNLOAD
help
This option allows you to force a module to unload, even if the
kernel believes it is unsafe: the kernel will remove the module
without waiting for anyone to stop using it (using the -f option to
rmmod). This is mainly for kernel developers and desperate users.
If unsure, say N.
config MODVERSIONS
bool "Module versioning support"
help
Usually, you have to use modules compiled with your kernel.
Saying Y here makes it sometimes possible to use modules
compiled for different kernels, by adding enough information
to the modules to (hopefully) spot any changes which would
make them incompatible with the kernel you are running. If
unsure, say N.
config MODULE_SRCVERSION_ALL
bool "Source checksum for all modules"
help
Modules which contain a MODULE_VERSION get an extra "srcversion"
field inserted into their modinfo section, which contains a
sum of the source files which made it. This helps maintainers
see exactly which source was used to build a module (since
others sometimes change the module source without updating
the version). With this option, such a "srcversion" field
will be created for all modules. If unsure, say N.
config MODULE_SIG
bool "Module signature verification"
depends on MODULES
select SYSTEM_DATA_VERIFICATION
help
Check modules for valid signatures upon load: the signature
is simply appended to the module. For more information see
Documentation/module-signing.txt.
Note that this option adds the OpenSSL development packages as a
kernel build dependency so that the signing tool can use its crypto
library.
!!!WARNING!!! If you enable this option, you MUST make sure that the
module DOES NOT get stripped after being signed. This includes the
debuginfo strip done by some packagers (such as rpmbuild) and
inclusion into an initramfs that wants the module size reduced.
config MODULE_SIG_FORCE
bool "Require modules to be validly signed"
depends on MODULE_SIG
help
Reject unsigned modules or signed modules for which we don't have a
key. Without this, such modules will simply taint the kernel.
config MODULE_SIG_ALL
bool "Automatically sign all modules"
default y
depends on MODULE_SIG
help
Sign all modules during make modules_install. Without this option,
modules must be signed manually, using the scripts/sign-file tool.
comment "Do not forget to sign required modules with scripts/sign-file"
depends on MODULE_SIG_FORCE && !MODULE_SIG_ALL
choice
prompt "Which hash algorithm should modules be signed with?"
depends on MODULE_SIG
help
This determines which sort of hashing algorithm will be used during
signature generation. This algorithm _must_ be built into the kernel
directly so that signature verification can take place. It is not
possible to load a signed module containing the algorithm to check
the signature on that module.
config MODULE_SIG_SHA1
bool "Sign modules with SHA-1"
select CRYPTO_SHA1
config MODULE_SIG_SHA224
bool "Sign modules with SHA-224"
select CRYPTO_SHA256
config MODULE_SIG_SHA256
bool "Sign modules with SHA-256"
select CRYPTO_SHA256
config MODULE_SIG_SHA384
bool "Sign modules with SHA-384"
select CRYPTO_SHA512
config MODULE_SIG_SHA512
bool "Sign modules with SHA-512"
select CRYPTO_SHA512
endchoice
config MODULE_SIG_HASH
string
depends on MODULE_SIG
default "sha1" if MODULE_SIG_SHA1
default "sha224" if MODULE_SIG_SHA224
default "sha256" if MODULE_SIG_SHA256
default "sha384" if MODULE_SIG_SHA384
default "sha512" if MODULE_SIG_SHA512
kbuild: handle module compression while running 'make modules_install'. Since module-init-tools (gzip) and kmod (gzip and xz) support compressed modules, it could be useful to include a support for compressing modules right after having them installed. Doing this in kbuild instead of per distro can permit to make this kind of usage more generic. This patch add a Kconfig entry to "Enable loadable module support" menu and let you choose to compress using gzip (default) or xz. Both gzip and xz does not used any extra -[1-9] option since Andi Kleen and Rusty Russell prove no gain is made using them. gzip is called with -n argument to avoid storing original filename inside compressed file, that way we can save some more bytes. On a v3.16 kernel, 'make allmodconfig' generated 4680 modules for a total of 378MB (no strip, no sign, no compress), the following table shows observed disk space gain based on the allmodconfig .config : | time | +-------------+-----------------+ | manual .ko | make | size | percent | compression | modules_install | | gain +-------------+-----------------+------+-------- - | | 18.61s | 378M | GZIP | 3m16s | 3m37s | 102M | 73.41% XZ | 5m22s | 5m39s | 77M | 79.83% The gain for restricted environnement seems to be interesting while uncompress can be time consuming but happens only while loading a module, that is generally done only once. This is fully compatible with signed modules while the signed module is compressed. module-init-tools or kmod handles decompression and provide to other layer the uncompressed but signed payload. Reviewed-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Bertrand Jacquin <beber@meleeweb.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-08-27 19:01:56 +08:00
config MODULE_COMPRESS
bool "Compress modules on installation"
depends on MODULES
help
Compresses kernel modules when 'make modules_install' is run; gzip or
xz depending on "Compression algorithm" below.
kbuild: handle module compression while running 'make modules_install'. Since module-init-tools (gzip) and kmod (gzip and xz) support compressed modules, it could be useful to include a support for compressing modules right after having them installed. Doing this in kbuild instead of per distro can permit to make this kind of usage more generic. This patch add a Kconfig entry to "Enable loadable module support" menu and let you choose to compress using gzip (default) or xz. Both gzip and xz does not used any extra -[1-9] option since Andi Kleen and Rusty Russell prove no gain is made using them. gzip is called with -n argument to avoid storing original filename inside compressed file, that way we can save some more bytes. On a v3.16 kernel, 'make allmodconfig' generated 4680 modules for a total of 378MB (no strip, no sign, no compress), the following table shows observed disk space gain based on the allmodconfig .config : | time | +-------------+-----------------+ | manual .ko | make | size | percent | compression | modules_install | | gain +-------------+-----------------+------+-------- - | | 18.61s | 378M | GZIP | 3m16s | 3m37s | 102M | 73.41% XZ | 5m22s | 5m39s | 77M | 79.83% The gain for restricted environnement seems to be interesting while uncompress can be time consuming but happens only while loading a module, that is generally done only once. This is fully compatible with signed modules while the signed module is compressed. module-init-tools or kmod handles decompression and provide to other layer the uncompressed but signed payload. Reviewed-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Bertrand Jacquin <beber@meleeweb.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-08-27 19:01:56 +08:00
module-init-tools MAY support gzip, and kmod MAY support gzip and xz.
kbuild: handle module compression while running 'make modules_install'. Since module-init-tools (gzip) and kmod (gzip and xz) support compressed modules, it could be useful to include a support for compressing modules right after having them installed. Doing this in kbuild instead of per distro can permit to make this kind of usage more generic. This patch add a Kconfig entry to "Enable loadable module support" menu and let you choose to compress using gzip (default) or xz. Both gzip and xz does not used any extra -[1-9] option since Andi Kleen and Rusty Russell prove no gain is made using them. gzip is called with -n argument to avoid storing original filename inside compressed file, that way we can save some more bytes. On a v3.16 kernel, 'make allmodconfig' generated 4680 modules for a total of 378MB (no strip, no sign, no compress), the following table shows observed disk space gain based on the allmodconfig .config : | time | +-------------+-----------------+ | manual .ko | make | size | percent | compression | modules_install | | gain +-------------+-----------------+------+-------- - | | 18.61s | 378M | GZIP | 3m16s | 3m37s | 102M | 73.41% XZ | 5m22s | 5m39s | 77M | 79.83% The gain for restricted environnement seems to be interesting while uncompress can be time consuming but happens only while loading a module, that is generally done only once. This is fully compatible with signed modules while the signed module is compressed. module-init-tools or kmod handles decompression and provide to other layer the uncompressed but signed payload. Reviewed-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Bertrand Jacquin <beber@meleeweb.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-08-27 19:01:56 +08:00
Out-of-tree kernel modules installed using Kbuild will also be
compressed upon installation.
kbuild: handle module compression while running 'make modules_install'. Since module-init-tools (gzip) and kmod (gzip and xz) support compressed modules, it could be useful to include a support for compressing modules right after having them installed. Doing this in kbuild instead of per distro can permit to make this kind of usage more generic. This patch add a Kconfig entry to "Enable loadable module support" menu and let you choose to compress using gzip (default) or xz. Both gzip and xz does not used any extra -[1-9] option since Andi Kleen and Rusty Russell prove no gain is made using them. gzip is called with -n argument to avoid storing original filename inside compressed file, that way we can save some more bytes. On a v3.16 kernel, 'make allmodconfig' generated 4680 modules for a total of 378MB (no strip, no sign, no compress), the following table shows observed disk space gain based on the allmodconfig .config : | time | +-------------+-----------------+ | manual .ko | make | size | percent | compression | modules_install | | gain +-------------+-----------------+------+-------- - | | 18.61s | 378M | GZIP | 3m16s | 3m37s | 102M | 73.41% XZ | 5m22s | 5m39s | 77M | 79.83% The gain for restricted environnement seems to be interesting while uncompress can be time consuming but happens only while loading a module, that is generally done only once. This is fully compatible with signed modules while the signed module is compressed. module-init-tools or kmod handles decompression and provide to other layer the uncompressed but signed payload. Reviewed-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Bertrand Jacquin <beber@meleeweb.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-08-27 19:01:56 +08:00
Note: for modules inside an initrd or initramfs, it's more efficient
to compress the whole initrd or initramfs instead.
kbuild: handle module compression while running 'make modules_install'. Since module-init-tools (gzip) and kmod (gzip and xz) support compressed modules, it could be useful to include a support for compressing modules right after having them installed. Doing this in kbuild instead of per distro can permit to make this kind of usage more generic. This patch add a Kconfig entry to "Enable loadable module support" menu and let you choose to compress using gzip (default) or xz. Both gzip and xz does not used any extra -[1-9] option since Andi Kleen and Rusty Russell prove no gain is made using them. gzip is called with -n argument to avoid storing original filename inside compressed file, that way we can save some more bytes. On a v3.16 kernel, 'make allmodconfig' generated 4680 modules for a total of 378MB (no strip, no sign, no compress), the following table shows observed disk space gain based on the allmodconfig .config : | time | +-------------+-----------------+ | manual .ko | make | size | percent | compression | modules_install | | gain +-------------+-----------------+------+-------- - | | 18.61s | 378M | GZIP | 3m16s | 3m37s | 102M | 73.41% XZ | 5m22s | 5m39s | 77M | 79.83% The gain for restricted environnement seems to be interesting while uncompress can be time consuming but happens only while loading a module, that is generally done only once. This is fully compatible with signed modules while the signed module is compressed. module-init-tools or kmod handles decompression and provide to other layer the uncompressed but signed payload. Reviewed-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Bertrand Jacquin <beber@meleeweb.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-08-27 19:01:56 +08:00
Note: This is fully compatible with signed modules.
If in doubt, say N.
kbuild: handle module compression while running 'make modules_install'. Since module-init-tools (gzip) and kmod (gzip and xz) support compressed modules, it could be useful to include a support for compressing modules right after having them installed. Doing this in kbuild instead of per distro can permit to make this kind of usage more generic. This patch add a Kconfig entry to "Enable loadable module support" menu and let you choose to compress using gzip (default) or xz. Both gzip and xz does not used any extra -[1-9] option since Andi Kleen and Rusty Russell prove no gain is made using them. gzip is called with -n argument to avoid storing original filename inside compressed file, that way we can save some more bytes. On a v3.16 kernel, 'make allmodconfig' generated 4680 modules for a total of 378MB (no strip, no sign, no compress), the following table shows observed disk space gain based on the allmodconfig .config : | time | +-------------+-----------------+ | manual .ko | make | size | percent | compression | modules_install | | gain +-------------+-----------------+------+-------- - | | 18.61s | 378M | GZIP | 3m16s | 3m37s | 102M | 73.41% XZ | 5m22s | 5m39s | 77M | 79.83% The gain for restricted environnement seems to be interesting while uncompress can be time consuming but happens only while loading a module, that is generally done only once. This is fully compatible with signed modules while the signed module is compressed. module-init-tools or kmod handles decompression and provide to other layer the uncompressed but signed payload. Reviewed-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Bertrand Jacquin <beber@meleeweb.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-08-27 19:01:56 +08:00
choice
prompt "Compression algorithm"
depends on MODULE_COMPRESS
default MODULE_COMPRESS_GZIP
help
This determines which sort of compression will be used during
'make modules_install'.
GZIP (default) and XZ are supported.
config MODULE_COMPRESS_GZIP
bool "GZIP"
config MODULE_COMPRESS_XZ
bool "XZ"
endchoice
endif # MODULES
config MODULES_TREE_LOOKUP
def_bool y
depends on PERF_EVENTS || TRACING
config INIT_ALL_POSSIBLE
bool
help
Back when each arch used to define their own cpu_online_mask and
cpu_possible_mask, some of them chose to initialize cpu_possible_mask
with all 1s, and others with all 0s. When they were centralised,
it was better to provide this option than to break all the archs
and have several arch maintainers pursuing me down dark alleys.
source "block/Kconfig"
config PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
bool
config PADATA
depends on SMP
bool
# Can be selected by architectures with broken toolchains
# that get confused by correct const<->read_only section
# mappings
config BROKEN_RODATA
bool
config ASN1
tristate
help
Build a simple ASN.1 grammar compiler that produces a bytecode output
that can be interpreted by the ASN.1 stream decoder and used to
inform it as to what tags are to be expected in a stream and what
functions to call on what tags.
source "kernel/Kconfig.locks"