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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 22:07:57 +08:00
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
nios2: Build infrastructure This patch adds Makefile and Kconfig files required for building a nios2 kernel. Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-06 15:20:19 +08:00
config NIOS2
def_bool y
clocksource/drivers: Rename CLKSRC_OF to TIMER_OF The config option name is now renamed to 'TIMER_OF' for consistency with the CLOCKSOURCE_OF_DECLARE => TIMER_OF_DECLARE change. Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
2017-05-27 01:34:11 +08:00
select TIMER_OF
nios2: Build infrastructure This patch adds Makefile and Kconfig files required for building a nios2 kernel. Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-06 15:20:19 +08:00
select GENERIC_ATOMIC64
select GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS
select GENERIC_CPU_DEVICES
select GENERIC_IRQ_PROBE
select GENERIC_IRQ_SHOW
nios2: use generic strncpy_from_user() and strnlen_user() This change enables the generic strncpy_from_user() and strnlen_user() Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <ley.foon.tan@intel.com>
2017-05-08 17:14:14 +08:00
select GENERIC_STRNCPY_FROM_USER
select GENERIC_STRNLEN_USER
nios2: Build infrastructure This patch adds Makefile and Kconfig files required for building a nios2 kernel. Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-06 15:20:19 +08:00
select HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK
nios2: add kgdb support Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2015-02-16 19:26:43 +08:00
select HAVE_ARCH_KGDB
nios2: Build infrastructure This patch adds Makefile and Kconfig files required for building a nios2 kernel. Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-06 15:20:19 +08:00
select IRQ_DOMAIN
select MODULES_USE_ELF_RELA
select OF
select OF_EARLY_FLATTREE
select SOC_BUS
select SPARSE_IRQ
select USB_ARCH_HAS_HCD if USB_SUPPORT
lib/GCD.c: use binary GCD algorithm instead of Euclidean The binary GCD algorithm is based on the following facts: 1. If a and b are all evens, then gcd(a,b) = 2 * gcd(a/2, b/2) 2. If a is even and b is odd, then gcd(a,b) = gcd(a/2, b) 3. If a and b are all odds, then gcd(a,b) = gcd((a-b)/2, b) = gcd((a+b)/2, b) Even on x86 machines with reasonable division hardware, the binary algorithm runs about 25% faster (80% the execution time) than the division-based Euclidian algorithm. On platforms like Alpha and ARMv6 where division is a function call to emulation code, it's even more significant. There are two variants of the code here, depending on whether a fast __ffs (find least significant set bit) instruction is available. This allows the unpredictable branches in the bit-at-a-time shifting loop to be eliminated. If fast __ffs is not available, the "even/odd" GCD variant is used. I use the following code to benchmark: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> #include <unistd.h> #define swap(a, b) \ do { \ a ^= b; \ b ^= a; \ a ^= b; \ } while (0) unsigned long gcd0(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) { unsigned long r; if (a < b) { swap(a, b); } if (b == 0) return a; while ((r = a % b) != 0) { a = b; b = r; } return b; } unsigned long gcd1(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) { unsigned long r = a | b; if (!a || !b) return r; b >>= __builtin_ctzl(b); for (;;) { a >>= __builtin_ctzl(a); if (a == b) return a << __builtin_ctzl(r); if (a < b) swap(a, b); a -= b; } } unsigned long gcd2(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) { unsigned long r = a | b; if (!a || !b) return r; r &= -r; while (!(b & r)) b >>= 1; for (;;) { while (!(a & r)) a >>= 1; if (a == b) return a; if (a < b) swap(a, b); a -= b; a >>= 1; if (a & r) a += b; a >>= 1; } } unsigned long gcd3(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) { unsigned long r = a | b; if (!a || !b) return r; b >>= __builtin_ctzl(b); if (b == 1) return r & -r; for (;;) { a >>= __builtin_ctzl(a); if (a == 1) return r & -r; if (a == b) return a << __builtin_ctzl(r); if (a < b) swap(a, b); a -= b; } } unsigned long gcd4(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) { unsigned long r = a | b; if (!a || !b) return r; r &= -r; while (!(b & r)) b >>= 1; if (b == r) return r; for (;;) { while (!(a & r)) a >>= 1; if (a == r) return r; if (a == b) return a; if (a < b) swap(a, b); a -= b; a >>= 1; if (a & r) a += b; a >>= 1; } } static unsigned long (*gcd_func[])(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) = { gcd0, gcd1, gcd2, gcd3, gcd4, }; #define TEST_ENTRIES (sizeof(gcd_func) / sizeof(gcd_func[0])) #if defined(__x86_64__) #define rdtscll(val) do { \ unsigned long __a,__d; \ __asm__ __volatile__("rdtsc" : "=a" (__a), "=d" (__d)); \ (val) = ((unsigned long long)__a) | (((unsigned long long)__d)<<32); \ } while(0) static unsigned long long benchmark_gcd_func(unsigned long (*gcd)(unsigned long, unsigned long), unsigned long a, unsigned long b, unsigned long *res) { unsigned long long start, end; unsigned long long ret; unsigned long gcd_res; rdtscll(start); gcd_res = gcd(a, b); rdtscll(end); if (end >= start) ret = end - start; else ret = ~0ULL - start + 1 + end; *res = gcd_res; return ret; } #else static inline struct timespec read_time(void) { struct timespec time; clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &time); return time; } static inline unsigned long long diff_time(struct timespec start, struct timespec end) { struct timespec temp; if ((end.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec) < 0) { temp.tv_sec = end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec - 1; temp.tv_nsec = 1000000000ULL + end.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec; } else { temp.tv_sec = end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec; temp.tv_nsec = end.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec; } return temp.tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + temp.tv_nsec; } static unsigned long long benchmark_gcd_func(unsigned long (*gcd)(unsigned long, unsigned long), unsigned long a, unsigned long b, unsigned long *res) { struct timespec start, end; unsigned long gcd_res; start = read_time(); gcd_res = gcd(a, b); end = read_time(); *res = gcd_res; return diff_time(start, end); } #endif static inline unsigned long get_rand() { if (sizeof(long) == 8) return (unsigned long)rand() << 32 | rand(); else return rand(); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { unsigned int seed = time(0); int loops = 100; int repeats = 1000; unsigned long (*res)[TEST_ENTRIES]; unsigned long long elapsed[TEST_ENTRIES]; int i, j, k; for (;;) { int opt = getopt(argc, argv, "n:r:s:"); /* End condition always first */ if (opt == -1) break; switch (opt) { case 'n': loops = atoi(optarg); break; case 'r': repeats = atoi(optarg); break; case 's': seed = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10); break; default: /* You won't actually get here. */ break; } } res = malloc(sizeof(unsigned long) * TEST_ENTRIES * loops); memset(elapsed, 0, sizeof(elapsed)); srand(seed); for (j = 0; j < loops; j++) { unsigned long a = get_rand(); /* Do we have args? */ unsigned long b = argc > optind ? strtoul(argv[optind], NULL, 10) : get_rand(); unsigned long long min_elapsed[TEST_ENTRIES]; for (k = 0; k < repeats; k++) { for (i = 0; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++) { unsigned long long tmp = benchmark_gcd_func(gcd_func[i], a, b, &res[j][i]); if (k == 0 || min_elapsed[i] > tmp) min_elapsed[i] = tmp; } } for (i = 0; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++) elapsed[i] += min_elapsed[i]; } for (i = 0; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++) printf("gcd%d: elapsed %llu\n", i, elapsed[i]); k = 0; srand(seed); for (j = 0; j < loops; j++) { unsigned long a = get_rand(); unsigned long b = argc > optind ? strtoul(argv[optind], NULL, 10) : get_rand(); for (i = 1; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++) { if (res[j][i] != res[j][0]) break; } if (i < TEST_ENTRIES) { if (k == 0) { k = 1; fprintf(stderr, "Error:\n"); } fprintf(stderr, "gcd(%lu, %lu): ", a, b); for (i = 0; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++) fprintf(stderr, "%ld%s", res[j][i], i < TEST_ENTRIES - 1 ? ", " : "\n"); } } if (k == 0) fprintf(stderr, "PASS\n"); free(res); return 0; } Compiled with "-O2", on "VirtualBox 4.4.0-22-generic #38-Ubuntu x86_64" got: zhaoxiuzeng@zhaoxiuzeng-VirtualBox:~/develop$ ./gcd -r 500000 -n 10 gcd0: elapsed 10174 gcd1: elapsed 2120 gcd2: elapsed 2902 gcd3: elapsed 2039 gcd4: elapsed 2812 PASS zhaoxiuzeng@zhaoxiuzeng-VirtualBox:~/develop$ ./gcd -r 500000 -n 10 gcd0: elapsed 9309 gcd1: elapsed 2280 gcd2: elapsed 2822 gcd3: elapsed 2217 gcd4: elapsed 2710 PASS zhaoxiuzeng@zhaoxiuzeng-VirtualBox:~/develop$ ./gcd -r 500000 -n 10 gcd0: elapsed 9589 gcd1: elapsed 2098 gcd2: elapsed 2815 gcd3: elapsed 2030 gcd4: elapsed 2718 PASS zhaoxiuzeng@zhaoxiuzeng-VirtualBox:~/develop$ ./gcd -r 500000 -n 10 gcd0: elapsed 9914 gcd1: elapsed 2309 gcd2: elapsed 2779 gcd3: elapsed 2228 gcd4: elapsed 2709 PASS [akpm@linux-foundation.org: avoid #defining a CONFIG_ variable] Signed-off-by: Zhaoxiu Zeng <zhaoxiu.zeng@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-21 08:03:57 +08:00
select CPU_NO_EFFICIENT_FFS
nios2: Build infrastructure This patch adds Makefile and Kconfig files required for building a nios2 kernel. Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-06 15:20:19 +08:00
config GENERIC_CSUM
def_bool y
config GENERIC_HWEIGHT
def_bool y
config GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY
def_bool y
config NO_IOPORT_MAP
def_bool y
config HAS_DMA
def_bool y
config FPU
def_bool n
config SWAP
def_bool n
config RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK
def_bool y
config TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT
def_bool n
source "init/Kconfig"
menu "Kernel features"
source "kernel/Kconfig.preempt"
source "kernel/Kconfig.freezer"
source "kernel/Kconfig.hz"
source "mm/Kconfig"
config FORCE_MAX_ZONEORDER
int "Maximum zone order"
range 9 20
default "11"
help
The kernel memory allocator divides physically contiguous memory
blocks into "zones", where each zone is a power of two number of
pages. This option selects the largest power of two that the kernel
keeps in the memory allocator. If you need to allocate very large
blocks of physically contiguous memory, then you may need to
increase this value.
This config option is actually maximum order plus one. For example,
a value of 11 means that the largest free memory block is 2^10 pages.
endmenu
source "arch/nios2/platform/Kconfig.platform"
menu "Processor type and features"
config MMU
def_bool y
nios2: Add missing NR_CPUS to Kconfig kernel/time/Kconfig expects that NR_CPUS is defined. This fixes the following config warning: "kernel/time/Kconfig:163:warning: range is invalid" Follow 4cbbbb43d666 ("microblaze: Fix missing NR_CPUS in menuconfig") Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch> Acked-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-24 16:13:39 +08:00
config NR_CPUS
int
default "1"
nios2: Build infrastructure This patch adds Makefile and Kconfig files required for building a nios2 kernel. Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-06 15:20:19 +08:00
config NIOS2_ALIGNMENT_TRAP
bool "Catch alignment trap"
default y
help
Nios II CPUs cannot fetch/store data which is not bus aligned,
i.e., a 2 or 4 byte fetch must start at an address divisible by
2 or 4. Any non-aligned load/store instructions will be trapped and
emulated in software if you say Y here, which has a performance
impact.
comment "Boot options"
config CMDLINE_BOOL
bool "Default bootloader kernel arguments"
default y
config CMDLINE
string "Default kernel command string"
default ""
depends on CMDLINE_BOOL
help
On some platforms, there is currently no way for the boot loader to
pass arguments to the kernel. For these platforms, you can supply
some command-line options at build time by entering them here. In
other cases you can specify kernel args so that you don't have
to set them up in board prom initialization routines.
config CMDLINE_FORCE
bool "Force default kernel command string"
depends on CMDLINE_BOOL
help
Set this to have arguments from the default kernel command string
override those passed by the boot loader.
config NIOS2_CMDLINE_IGNORE_DTB
bool "Ignore kernel command string from DTB"
nios2: Make NIOS2_CMDLINE_IGNORE_DTB depend on CMDLINE_BOOL If NIOS2_CMDLINE_IGNORE_DTB is selected but CMDLINE_BOOL isn't and thus CONFIG_CMDLINE is not defined, the build fails with the following error: arch/nios2/kernel/setup.c: In function 'nios2_boot_init': arch/nios2/kernel/setup.c:131:30: error: 'CONFIG_CMDLINE' undeclared (first use in this function) strncpy(boot_command_line, CONFIG_CMDLINE, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); This can be reproduced using randconfig with KCONFIG_SEED=0xE5B8749E, i.e. 'make KCONFIG_SEED=0xE5B8749E ARCH=nios2 randconfig'. Fix this by letting NIOS2_CMDLINE_IGNORE_DTB depend on CMDLINE_BOOL, so we actually have a default kernel command string to fall back to. Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch> Acked-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-24 16:40:04 +08:00
depends on CMDLINE_BOOL
nios2: Build infrastructure This patch adds Makefile and Kconfig files required for building a nios2 kernel. Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-06 15:20:19 +08:00
depends on !CMDLINE_FORCE
default y
help
Set this to ignore the bootargs property from the devicetree's
chosen node and fall back to CMDLINE if nothing is passed.
config NIOS2_PASS_CMDLINE
bool "Passed kernel command line from u-boot"
default n
help
Use bootargs env variable from u-boot for kernel command line.
will override "Default kernel command string".
Say N if you are unsure.
nios2: Add support for compressed kernel Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2015-02-10 23:26:34 +08:00
config NIOS2_BOOT_LINK_OFFSET
hex "Link address offset for booting"
default "0x00500000"
help
This option allows you to set the link address offset of the zImage.
This can be useful if you are on a board which has a small amount of
memory.
nios2: Build infrastructure This patch adds Makefile and Kconfig files required for building a nios2 kernel. Signed-off-by: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
2014-11-06 15:20:19 +08:00
endmenu
menu "Advanced setup"
config ADVANCED_OPTIONS
bool "Prompt for advanced kernel configuration options"
comment "Default settings for advanced configuration options are used"
depends on !ADVANCED_OPTIONS
config NIOS2_KERNEL_MMU_REGION_BASE_BOOL
bool "Set custom kernel MMU region base address"
depends on ADVANCED_OPTIONS
help
This option allows you to set the virtual address of the kernel MMU region.
Say N here unless you know what you are doing.
config NIOS2_KERNEL_MMU_REGION_BASE
hex "Virtual base address of the kernel MMU region " if NIOS2_KERNEL_MMU_REGION_BASE_BOOL
default "0x80000000"
help
This option allows you to set the virtual base address of the kernel MMU region.
config NIOS2_KERNEL_REGION_BASE_BOOL
bool "Set custom kernel region base address"
depends on ADVANCED_OPTIONS
help
This option allows you to set the virtual address of the kernel region.
Say N here unless you know what you are doing.
config NIOS2_KERNEL_REGION_BASE
hex "Virtual base address of the kernel region " if NIOS2_KERNEL_REGION_BASE_BOOL
default "0xc0000000"
config NIOS2_IO_REGION_BASE_BOOL
bool "Set custom I/O region base address"
depends on ADVANCED_OPTIONS
help
This option allows you to set the virtual address of the I/O region.
Say N here unless you know what you are doing.
config NIOS2_IO_REGION_BASE
hex "Virtual base address of the I/O region" if NIOS2_IO_REGION_BASE_BOOL
default "0xe0000000"
endmenu
menu "Executable file formats"
source "fs/Kconfig.binfmt"
endmenu
source "net/Kconfig"
source "drivers/Kconfig"
source "fs/Kconfig"
source "arch/nios2/Kconfig.debug"
source "security/Kconfig"
source "crypto/Kconfig"
source "lib/Kconfig"