License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 22:07:57 +08:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2020-09-11 22:48:05 +08:00
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#ifndef TOPDOWN_H
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#define TOPDOWN_H 1
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2020-09-11 22:48:06 +08:00
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#include "evsel.h"
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perf stat: Add topdown metrics in the default perf stat on the hybrid machine
Topdown metrics are missed in the default perf stat on the hybrid machine,
add Topdown metrics in default perf stat for hybrid systems.
Currently, we support the perf metrics Topdown for the p-core PMU in the
perf stat default, the perf metrics Topdown support for e-core PMU will be
implemented later separately. Refactor the code adds two x86 specific
functions. Widen the size of the event name column by 7 chars, so that all
metrics after the "#" become aligned again.
The perf metrics topdown feature is supported on the cpu_core of ADL. The
dedicated perf metrics counter and the fixed counter 3 are used for the
topdown events. Adding the topdown metrics doesn't trigger multiplexing.
Before:
# ./perf stat -a true
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
53.70 msec cpu-clock # 25.736 CPUs utilized
80 context-switches # 1.490 K/sec
24 cpu-migrations # 446.951 /sec
52 page-faults # 968.394 /sec
2,788,555 cpu_core/cycles/ # 51.931 M/sec
851,129 cpu_atom/cycles/ # 15.851 M/sec
2,974,030 cpu_core/instructions/ # 55.385 M/sec
416,919 cpu_atom/instructions/ # 7.764 M/sec
586,136 cpu_core/branches/ # 10.916 M/sec
79,872 cpu_atom/branches/ # 1.487 M/sec
14,220 cpu_core/branch-misses/ # 264.819 K/sec
7,691 cpu_atom/branch-misses/ # 143.229 K/sec
0.002086438 seconds time elapsed
After:
# ./perf stat -a true
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
61.39 msec cpu-clock # 24.874 CPUs utilized
76 context-switches # 1.238 K/sec
24 cpu-migrations # 390.968 /sec
52 page-faults # 847.097 /sec
2,753,695 cpu_core/cycles/ # 44.859 M/sec
903,899 cpu_atom/cycles/ # 14.725 M/sec
2,927,529 cpu_core/instructions/ # 47.690 M/sec
428,498 cpu_atom/instructions/ # 6.980 M/sec
581,299 cpu_core/branches/ # 9.470 M/sec
83,409 cpu_atom/branches/ # 1.359 M/sec
13,641 cpu_core/branch-misses/ # 222.216 K/sec
8,008 cpu_atom/branch-misses/ # 130.453 K/sec
14,761,308 cpu_core/slots/ # 240.466 M/sec
3,288,625 cpu_core/topdown-retiring/ # 22.3% retiring
1,323,323 cpu_core/topdown-bad-spec/ # 9.0% bad speculation
5,477,470 cpu_core/topdown-fe-bound/ # 37.1% frontend bound
4,679,199 cpu_core/topdown-be-bound/ # 31.7% backend bound
646,194 cpu_core/topdown-heavy-ops/ # 4.4% heavy operations # 17.9% light operations
1,244,999 cpu_core/topdown-br-mispredict/ # 8.4% branch mispredict # 0.5% machine clears
3,891,800 cpu_core/topdown-fetch-lat/ # 26.4% fetch latency # 10.7% fetch bandwidth
1,879,034 cpu_core/topdown-mem-bound/ # 12.7% memory bound # 19.0% Core bound
0.002467839 seconds time elapsed
Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220721065706.2886112-6-zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2022-07-21 14:57:06 +08:00
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#include "evlist.h"
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perf stat: Basic support for TopDown in perf stat
Add basic plumbing for TopDown in perf stat
TopDown is intended to replace the frontend cycles idle/ backend cycles
idle metrics in standard perf stat output. These metrics are not
reliable in many workloads, due to out of order effects.
This implements a new --topdown mode in perf stat (similar to
--transaction) that measures the pipe line bottlenecks using
standardized formulas. The measurement can be all done with 5 counters
(one fixed counter)
The result are four metrics:
FrontendBound, BackendBound, BadSpeculation, Retiring
that describe the CPU pipeline behavior on a high level.
The full top down methology has many hierarchical metrics. This
implementation only supports level 1 which can be collected without
multiplexing. A full implementation of top down on top of perf is
available in pmu-tools toplev. (http://github.com/andikleen/pmu-tools)
The current version works on Intel Core CPUs starting with Sandy Bridge,
and Atom CPUs starting with Silvermont. In principle the generic
metrics should be also implementable on other out of order CPUs.
TopDown level 1 uses a set of abstracted metrics which are generic to
out of order CPU cores (although some CPUs may not implement all of
them):
topdown-total-slots Available slots in the pipeline
topdown-slots-issued Slots issued into the pipeline
topdown-slots-retired Slots successfully retired
topdown-fetch-bubbles Pipeline gaps in the frontend
topdown-recovery-bubbles Pipeline gaps during recovery
from misspeculation
These metrics then allow to compute four useful metrics:
FrontendBound, BackendBound, Retiring, BadSpeculation.
Add a new --topdown options to enable events. When --topdown is
specified set up events for all topdown events supported by the kernel.
Add topdown-* as a special case to the event parser, as is needed for
all events containing -.
The actual code to compute the metrics is in follow-on patches.
v2: Use standard sysctl read function.
v3: Move x86 specific code to arch/
v4: Enable --metric-only implicitly for topdown.
v5: Add --single-thread option to not force per core mode
v6: Fix output order of topdown metrics
v7: Allow combining with -d
v8: Remove --single-thread again
v9: Rename functions, adding arch_ and topdown_.
v10: Expand man page and describe TopDown better
Paste intro into commit description.
Print error when malloc fails.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464119559-17203-1-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2016-05-30 23:49:42 +08:00
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bool arch_topdown_check_group(bool *warn);
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void arch_topdown_group_warn(void);
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2020-09-11 22:48:06 +08:00
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bool arch_topdown_sample_read(struct evsel *leader);
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perf stat: Add topdown metrics in the default perf stat on the hybrid machine
Topdown metrics are missed in the default perf stat on the hybrid machine,
add Topdown metrics in default perf stat for hybrid systems.
Currently, we support the perf metrics Topdown for the p-core PMU in the
perf stat default, the perf metrics Topdown support for e-core PMU will be
implemented later separately. Refactor the code adds two x86 specific
functions. Widen the size of the event name column by 7 chars, so that all
metrics after the "#" become aligned again.
The perf metrics topdown feature is supported on the cpu_core of ADL. The
dedicated perf metrics counter and the fixed counter 3 are used for the
topdown events. Adding the topdown metrics doesn't trigger multiplexing.
Before:
# ./perf stat -a true
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
53.70 msec cpu-clock # 25.736 CPUs utilized
80 context-switches # 1.490 K/sec
24 cpu-migrations # 446.951 /sec
52 page-faults # 968.394 /sec
2,788,555 cpu_core/cycles/ # 51.931 M/sec
851,129 cpu_atom/cycles/ # 15.851 M/sec
2,974,030 cpu_core/instructions/ # 55.385 M/sec
416,919 cpu_atom/instructions/ # 7.764 M/sec
586,136 cpu_core/branches/ # 10.916 M/sec
79,872 cpu_atom/branches/ # 1.487 M/sec
14,220 cpu_core/branch-misses/ # 264.819 K/sec
7,691 cpu_atom/branch-misses/ # 143.229 K/sec
0.002086438 seconds time elapsed
After:
# ./perf stat -a true
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
61.39 msec cpu-clock # 24.874 CPUs utilized
76 context-switches # 1.238 K/sec
24 cpu-migrations # 390.968 /sec
52 page-faults # 847.097 /sec
2,753,695 cpu_core/cycles/ # 44.859 M/sec
903,899 cpu_atom/cycles/ # 14.725 M/sec
2,927,529 cpu_core/instructions/ # 47.690 M/sec
428,498 cpu_atom/instructions/ # 6.980 M/sec
581,299 cpu_core/branches/ # 9.470 M/sec
83,409 cpu_atom/branches/ # 1.359 M/sec
13,641 cpu_core/branch-misses/ # 222.216 K/sec
8,008 cpu_atom/branch-misses/ # 130.453 K/sec
14,761,308 cpu_core/slots/ # 240.466 M/sec
3,288,625 cpu_core/topdown-retiring/ # 22.3% retiring
1,323,323 cpu_core/topdown-bad-spec/ # 9.0% bad speculation
5,477,470 cpu_core/topdown-fe-bound/ # 37.1% frontend bound
4,679,199 cpu_core/topdown-be-bound/ # 31.7% backend bound
646,194 cpu_core/topdown-heavy-ops/ # 4.4% heavy operations # 17.9% light operations
1,244,999 cpu_core/topdown-br-mispredict/ # 8.4% branch mispredict # 0.5% machine clears
3,891,800 cpu_core/topdown-fetch-lat/ # 26.4% fetch latency # 10.7% fetch bandwidth
1,879,034 cpu_core/topdown-mem-bound/ # 12.7% memory bound # 19.0% Core bound
0.002467839 seconds time elapsed
Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220721065706.2886112-6-zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2022-07-21 14:57:06 +08:00
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const char *arch_get_topdown_pmu_name(struct evlist *evlist, bool warn);
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perf stat: Support hybrid --topdown option
Since for cpu_core or cpu_atom, they have different topdown events
groups.
For cpu_core, --topdown equals to:
"{slots,cpu_core/topdown-retiring/,cpu_core/topdown-bad-spec/,
cpu_core/topdown-fe-bound/,cpu_core/topdown-be-bound/,
cpu_core/topdown-heavy-ops/,cpu_core/topdown-br-mispredict/,
cpu_core/topdown-fetch-lat/,cpu_core/topdown-mem-bound/}"
For cpu_atom, --topdown equals to:
"{cpu_atom/topdown-retiring/,cpu_atom/topdown-bad-spec/,
cpu_atom/topdown-fe-bound/,cpu_atom/topdown-be-bound/}"
To simplify the implementation, on hybrid, --topdown is used
together with --cputype. If without --cputype, it uses cpu_core
topdown events by default.
# ./perf stat --topdown -a sleep 1
WARNING: default to use cpu_core topdown events
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
retiring bad speculation frontend bound backend bound heavy operations light operations branch mispredict machine clears fetch latency fetch bandwidth memory bound Core bound
4.1% 0.0% 5.1% 90.8% 2.3% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 0.9% 9.9% 81.0%
1.002624229 seconds time elapsed
# ./perf stat --topdown -a --cputype atom sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
retiring bad speculation frontend bound backend bound
13.5% 0.1% 31.2% 55.2%
1.002366987 seconds time elapsed
Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220422065635.767648-3-zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2022-04-22 14:56:35 +08:00
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int topdown_filter_events(const char **attr, char **str, bool use_group,
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const char *pmu_name);
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2020-09-11 22:48:05 +08:00
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perf stat: Basic support for TopDown in perf stat
Add basic plumbing for TopDown in perf stat
TopDown is intended to replace the frontend cycles idle/ backend cycles
idle metrics in standard perf stat output. These metrics are not
reliable in many workloads, due to out of order effects.
This implements a new --topdown mode in perf stat (similar to
--transaction) that measures the pipe line bottlenecks using
standardized formulas. The measurement can be all done with 5 counters
(one fixed counter)
The result are four metrics:
FrontendBound, BackendBound, BadSpeculation, Retiring
that describe the CPU pipeline behavior on a high level.
The full top down methology has many hierarchical metrics. This
implementation only supports level 1 which can be collected without
multiplexing. A full implementation of top down on top of perf is
available in pmu-tools toplev. (http://github.com/andikleen/pmu-tools)
The current version works on Intel Core CPUs starting with Sandy Bridge,
and Atom CPUs starting with Silvermont. In principle the generic
metrics should be also implementable on other out of order CPUs.
TopDown level 1 uses a set of abstracted metrics which are generic to
out of order CPU cores (although some CPUs may not implement all of
them):
topdown-total-slots Available slots in the pipeline
topdown-slots-issued Slots issued into the pipeline
topdown-slots-retired Slots successfully retired
topdown-fetch-bubbles Pipeline gaps in the frontend
topdown-recovery-bubbles Pipeline gaps during recovery
from misspeculation
These metrics then allow to compute four useful metrics:
FrontendBound, BackendBound, Retiring, BadSpeculation.
Add a new --topdown options to enable events. When --topdown is
specified set up events for all topdown events supported by the kernel.
Add topdown-* as a special case to the event parser, as is needed for
all events containing -.
The actual code to compute the metrics is in follow-on patches.
v2: Use standard sysctl read function.
v3: Move x86 specific code to arch/
v4: Enable --metric-only implicitly for topdown.
v5: Add --single-thread option to not force per core mode
v6: Fix output order of topdown metrics
v7: Allow combining with -d
v8: Remove --single-thread again
v9: Rename functions, adding arch_ and topdown_.
v10: Expand man page and describe TopDown better
Paste intro into commit description.
Print error when malloc fails.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464119559-17203-1-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2016-05-30 23:49:42 +08:00
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#endif
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