OpenCloudOS-Kernel/include/linux/filter.h

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/*
* Linux Socket Filter Data Structures
*/
#ifndef __LINUX_FILTER_H__
#define __LINUX_FILTER_H__
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
net: fix unsafe set_memory_rw from softirq on x86 system with net.core.bpf_jit_enable = 1 sudo tcpdump -i eth1 'tcp port 22' causes the warning: [ 56.766097] Possible unsafe locking scenario: [ 56.766097] [ 56.780146] CPU0 [ 56.786807] ---- [ 56.793188] lock(&(&vb->lock)->rlock); [ 56.799593] <Interrupt> [ 56.805889] lock(&(&vb->lock)->rlock); [ 56.812266] [ 56.812266] *** DEADLOCK *** [ 56.812266] [ 56.830670] 1 lock held by ksoftirqd/1/13: [ 56.836838] #0: (rcu_read_lock){.+.+..}, at: [<ffffffff8118f44c>] vm_unmap_aliases+0x8c/0x380 [ 56.849757] [ 56.849757] stack backtrace: [ 56.862194] CPU: 1 PID: 13 Comm: ksoftirqd/1 Not tainted 3.12.0-rc3+ #45 [ 56.868721] Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P8Z77 WS, BIOS 3007 07/26/2012 [ 56.882004] ffffffff821944c0 ffff88080bbdb8c8 ffffffff8175a145 0000000000000007 [ 56.895630] ffff88080bbd5f40 ffff88080bbdb928 ffffffff81755b14 0000000000000001 [ 56.909313] ffff880800000001 ffff880800000000 ffffffff8101178f 0000000000000001 [ 56.923006] Call Trace: [ 56.929532] [<ffffffff8175a145>] dump_stack+0x55/0x76 [ 56.936067] [<ffffffff81755b14>] print_usage_bug+0x1f7/0x208 [ 56.942445] [<ffffffff8101178f>] ? save_stack_trace+0x2f/0x50 [ 56.948932] [<ffffffff810cc0a0>] ? check_usage_backwards+0x150/0x150 [ 56.955470] [<ffffffff810ccb52>] mark_lock+0x282/0x2c0 [ 56.961945] [<ffffffff810ccfed>] __lock_acquire+0x45d/0x1d50 [ 56.968474] [<ffffffff810cce6e>] ? __lock_acquire+0x2de/0x1d50 [ 56.975140] [<ffffffff81393bf5>] ? cpumask_next_and+0x55/0x90 [ 56.981942] [<ffffffff810cef72>] lock_acquire+0x92/0x1d0 [ 56.988745] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 56.995619] [<ffffffff817628f1>] _raw_spin_lock+0x41/0x50 [ 57.002493] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 57.009447] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 57.016477] [<ffffffff8118f44c>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x8c/0x380 [ 57.023607] [<ffffffff810436b0>] change_page_attr_set_clr+0xc0/0x460 [ 57.030818] [<ffffffff810cfb8d>] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10 [ 57.037896] [<ffffffff811a8330>] ? kmem_cache_free+0xb0/0x2b0 [ 57.044789] [<ffffffff811b59c3>] ? free_object_rcu+0x93/0xa0 [ 57.051720] [<ffffffff81043d9f>] set_memory_rw+0x2f/0x40 [ 57.058727] [<ffffffff8104e17c>] bpf_jit_free+0x2c/0x40 [ 57.065577] [<ffffffff81642cba>] sk_filter_release_rcu+0x1a/0x30 [ 57.072338] [<ffffffff811108e2>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x202/0x7c0 [ 57.078962] [<ffffffff81057f17>] __do_softirq+0xf7/0x3f0 [ 57.085373] [<ffffffff81058245>] run_ksoftirqd+0x35/0x70 cannot reuse jited filter memory, since it's readonly, so use original bpf insns memory to hold work_struct defer kfree of sk_filter until jit completed freeing tested on x86_64 and i386 Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2013-10-04 15:14:06 +08:00
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
bpf: add generic constant blinding for use in jits This work adds a generic facility for use from eBPF JIT compilers that allows for further hardening of JIT generated images through blinding constants. In response to the original work on BPF JIT spraying published by Keegan McAllister [1], most BPF JITs were changed to make images read-only and start at a randomized offset in the page, where the rest was filled with trap instructions. We have this nowadays in x86, arm, arm64 and s390 JIT compilers. Additionally, later work also made eBPF interpreter images read only for kernels supporting DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX, that is, x86, arm, arm64 and s390 archs as well currently. This is done by default for mentioned JITs when JITing is enabled. Furthermore, we had a generic and configurable constant blinding facility on our todo for quite some time now to further make spraying harder, and first implementation since around netconf 2016. We found that for systems where untrusted users can load cBPF/eBPF code where JIT is enabled, start offset randomization helps a bit to make jumps into crafted payload harder, but in case where larger programs that cross page boundary are injected, we again have some part of the program opcodes at a page start offset. With improved guessing and more reliable payload injection, chances can increase to jump into such payload. Elena Reshetova recently wrote a test case for it [2, 3]. Moreover, eBPF comes with 64 bit constants, which can leave some more room for payloads. Note that for all this, additional bugs in the kernel are still required to make the jump (and of course to guess right, to not jump into a trap) and naturally the JIT must be enabled, which is disabled by default. For helping mitigation, the general idea is to provide an option bpf_jit_harden that admins can tweak along with bpf_jit_enable, so that for cases where JIT should be enabled for performance reasons, the generated image can be further hardened with blinding constants for unpriviledged users (bpf_jit_harden == 1), with trading off performance for these, but not for privileged ones. We also added the option of blinding for all users (bpf_jit_harden == 2), which is quite helpful for testing f.e. with test_bpf.ko. There are no further e.g. hardening levels of bpf_jit_harden switch intended, rationale is to have it dead simple to use as on/off. Since this functionality would need to be duplicated over and over for JIT compilers to use, which are already complex enough, we provide a generic eBPF byte-code level based blinding implementation, which is then just transparently JITed. JIT compilers need to make only a few changes to integrate this facility and can be migrated one by one. This option is for eBPF JITs and will be used in x86, arm64, s390 without too much effort, and soon ppc64 JITs, thus that native eBPF can be blinded as well as cBPF to eBPF migrations, so that both can be covered with a single implementation. The rule for JITs is that bpf_jit_blind_constants() must be called from bpf_int_jit_compile(), and in case blinding is disabled, we follow normally with JITing the passed program. In case blinding is enabled and we fail during the process of blinding itself, we must return with the interpreter. Similarly, in case the JITing process after the blinding failed, we return normally to the interpreter with the non-blinded code. Meaning, interpreter doesn't change in any way and operates on eBPF code as usual. For doing this pre-JIT blinding step, we need to make use of a helper/auxiliary register, here BPF_REG_AX. This is strictly internal to the JIT and not in any way part of the eBPF architecture. Just like in the same way as JITs internally make use of some helper registers when emitting code, only that here the helper register is one abstraction level higher in eBPF bytecode, but nevertheless in JIT phase. That helper register is needed since f.e. manually written program can issue loads to all registers of eBPF architecture. The core concept with the additional register is: blind out all 32 and 64 bit constants by converting BPF_K based instructions into a small sequence from K_VAL into ((RND ^ K_VAL) ^ RND). Therefore, this is transformed into: BPF_REG_AX := (RND ^ K_VAL), BPF_REG_AX ^= RND, and REG <OP> BPF_REG_AX, so actual operation on the target register is translated from BPF_K into BPF_X one that is operating on BPF_REG_AX's content. During rewriting phase when blinding, RND is newly generated via prandom_u32() for each processed instruction. 64 bit loads are split into two 32 bit loads to make translation and patching not too complex. Only basic thing required by JITs is to call the helper bpf_jit_blind_constants()/bpf_jit_prog_release_other() pair, and to map BPF_REG_AX into an unused register. Small bpf_jit_disasm extract from [2] when applied to x86 JIT: echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f5e9 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 3e: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 43: mov $0xa8ff3148,%eax 48: mov $0xa89081b4,%eax 4d: mov $0xa8900bb0,%eax 52: mov $0xa810e0c1,%eax 57: mov $0xa8908eb4,%eax 5c: mov $0xa89020b0,%eax [...] echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f1e5 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xe1192563,%r10d 3f: xor $0x4989b5f3,%r10d 46: mov %r10d,%eax 49: mov $0xb8296d93,%r10d 4f: xor $0x10b9fd03,%r10d 56: mov %r10d,%eax 59: mov $0x8c381146,%r10d 5f: xor $0x24c7200e,%r10d 66: mov %r10d,%eax 69: mov $0xeb2a830e,%r10d 6f: xor $0x43ba02ba,%r10d 76: mov %r10d,%eax 79: mov $0xd9730af,%r10d 7f: xor $0xa5073b1f,%r10d 86: mov %r10d,%eax 89: mov $0x9a45662b,%r10d 8f: xor $0x325586ea,%r10d 96: mov %r10d,%eax [...] As can be seen, original constants that carry payload are hidden when enabled, actual operations are transformed from constant-based to register-based ones, making jumps into constants ineffective. Above extract/example uses single BPF load instruction over and over, but of course all instructions with constants are blinded. Performance wise, JIT with blinding performs a bit slower than just JIT and faster than interpreter case. This is expected, since we still get all the performance benefits from JITing and in normal use-cases not every single instruction needs to be blinded. Summing up all 296 test cases averaged over multiple runs from test_bpf.ko suite, interpreter was 55% slower than JIT only and JIT with blinding was 8% slower than JIT only. Since there are also some extremes in the test suite, I expect for ordinary workloads that the performance for the JIT with blinding case is even closer to JIT only case, f.e. nmap test case from suite has averaged timings in ns 29 (JIT), 35 (+ blinding), and 151 (interpreter). BPF test suite, seccomp test suite, eBPF sample code and various bigger networking eBPF programs have been tested with this and were running fine. For testing purposes, I also adapted interpreter and redirected blinded eBPF image to interpreter and also here all tests pass. [1] http://mainisusuallyafunction.blogspot.com/2012/11/attacking-hardened-linux-systems-with.html [2] https://github.com/01org/jit-spray-poc-for-ksp/ [3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2016/05/03/5 Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Reviewed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-05-14 01:08:32 +08:00
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/cryptohash.h>
bpf: add generic constant blinding for use in jits This work adds a generic facility for use from eBPF JIT compilers that allows for further hardening of JIT generated images through blinding constants. In response to the original work on BPF JIT spraying published by Keegan McAllister [1], most BPF JITs were changed to make images read-only and start at a randomized offset in the page, where the rest was filled with trap instructions. We have this nowadays in x86, arm, arm64 and s390 JIT compilers. Additionally, later work also made eBPF interpreter images read only for kernels supporting DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX, that is, x86, arm, arm64 and s390 archs as well currently. This is done by default for mentioned JITs when JITing is enabled. Furthermore, we had a generic and configurable constant blinding facility on our todo for quite some time now to further make spraying harder, and first implementation since around netconf 2016. We found that for systems where untrusted users can load cBPF/eBPF code where JIT is enabled, start offset randomization helps a bit to make jumps into crafted payload harder, but in case where larger programs that cross page boundary are injected, we again have some part of the program opcodes at a page start offset. With improved guessing and more reliable payload injection, chances can increase to jump into such payload. Elena Reshetova recently wrote a test case for it [2, 3]. Moreover, eBPF comes with 64 bit constants, which can leave some more room for payloads. Note that for all this, additional bugs in the kernel are still required to make the jump (and of course to guess right, to not jump into a trap) and naturally the JIT must be enabled, which is disabled by default. For helping mitigation, the general idea is to provide an option bpf_jit_harden that admins can tweak along with bpf_jit_enable, so that for cases where JIT should be enabled for performance reasons, the generated image can be further hardened with blinding constants for unpriviledged users (bpf_jit_harden == 1), with trading off performance for these, but not for privileged ones. We also added the option of blinding for all users (bpf_jit_harden == 2), which is quite helpful for testing f.e. with test_bpf.ko. There are no further e.g. hardening levels of bpf_jit_harden switch intended, rationale is to have it dead simple to use as on/off. Since this functionality would need to be duplicated over and over for JIT compilers to use, which are already complex enough, we provide a generic eBPF byte-code level based blinding implementation, which is then just transparently JITed. JIT compilers need to make only a few changes to integrate this facility and can be migrated one by one. This option is for eBPF JITs and will be used in x86, arm64, s390 without too much effort, and soon ppc64 JITs, thus that native eBPF can be blinded as well as cBPF to eBPF migrations, so that both can be covered with a single implementation. The rule for JITs is that bpf_jit_blind_constants() must be called from bpf_int_jit_compile(), and in case blinding is disabled, we follow normally with JITing the passed program. In case blinding is enabled and we fail during the process of blinding itself, we must return with the interpreter. Similarly, in case the JITing process after the blinding failed, we return normally to the interpreter with the non-blinded code. Meaning, interpreter doesn't change in any way and operates on eBPF code as usual. For doing this pre-JIT blinding step, we need to make use of a helper/auxiliary register, here BPF_REG_AX. This is strictly internal to the JIT and not in any way part of the eBPF architecture. Just like in the same way as JITs internally make use of some helper registers when emitting code, only that here the helper register is one abstraction level higher in eBPF bytecode, but nevertheless in JIT phase. That helper register is needed since f.e. manually written program can issue loads to all registers of eBPF architecture. The core concept with the additional register is: blind out all 32 and 64 bit constants by converting BPF_K based instructions into a small sequence from K_VAL into ((RND ^ K_VAL) ^ RND). Therefore, this is transformed into: BPF_REG_AX := (RND ^ K_VAL), BPF_REG_AX ^= RND, and REG <OP> BPF_REG_AX, so actual operation on the target register is translated from BPF_K into BPF_X one that is operating on BPF_REG_AX's content. During rewriting phase when blinding, RND is newly generated via prandom_u32() for each processed instruction. 64 bit loads are split into two 32 bit loads to make translation and patching not too complex. Only basic thing required by JITs is to call the helper bpf_jit_blind_constants()/bpf_jit_prog_release_other() pair, and to map BPF_REG_AX into an unused register. Small bpf_jit_disasm extract from [2] when applied to x86 JIT: echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f5e9 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 3e: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 43: mov $0xa8ff3148,%eax 48: mov $0xa89081b4,%eax 4d: mov $0xa8900bb0,%eax 52: mov $0xa810e0c1,%eax 57: mov $0xa8908eb4,%eax 5c: mov $0xa89020b0,%eax [...] echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f1e5 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xe1192563,%r10d 3f: xor $0x4989b5f3,%r10d 46: mov %r10d,%eax 49: mov $0xb8296d93,%r10d 4f: xor $0x10b9fd03,%r10d 56: mov %r10d,%eax 59: mov $0x8c381146,%r10d 5f: xor $0x24c7200e,%r10d 66: mov %r10d,%eax 69: mov $0xeb2a830e,%r10d 6f: xor $0x43ba02ba,%r10d 76: mov %r10d,%eax 79: mov $0xd9730af,%r10d 7f: xor $0xa5073b1f,%r10d 86: mov %r10d,%eax 89: mov $0x9a45662b,%r10d 8f: xor $0x325586ea,%r10d 96: mov %r10d,%eax [...] As can be seen, original constants that carry payload are hidden when enabled, actual operations are transformed from constant-based to register-based ones, making jumps into constants ineffective. Above extract/example uses single BPF load instruction over and over, but of course all instructions with constants are blinded. Performance wise, JIT with blinding performs a bit slower than just JIT and faster than interpreter case. This is expected, since we still get all the performance benefits from JITing and in normal use-cases not every single instruction needs to be blinded. Summing up all 296 test cases averaged over multiple runs from test_bpf.ko suite, interpreter was 55% slower than JIT only and JIT with blinding was 8% slower than JIT only. Since there are also some extremes in the test suite, I expect for ordinary workloads that the performance for the JIT with blinding case is even closer to JIT only case, f.e. nmap test case from suite has averaged timings in ns 29 (JIT), 35 (+ blinding), and 151 (interpreter). BPF test suite, seccomp test suite, eBPF sample code and various bigger networking eBPF programs have been tested with this and were running fine. For testing purposes, I also adapted interpreter and redirected blinded eBPF image to interpreter and also here all tests pass. [1] http://mainisusuallyafunction.blogspot.com/2012/11/attacking-hardened-linux-systems-with.html [2] https://github.com/01org/jit-spray-poc-for-ksp/ [3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2016/05/03/5 Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Reviewed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-05-14 01:08:32 +08:00
#include <net/sch_generic.h>
net: bpf: make eBPF interpreter images read-only With eBPF getting more extended and exposure to user space is on it's way, hardening the memory range the interpreter uses to steer its command flow seems appropriate. This patch moves the to be interpreted bytecode to read-only pages. In case we execute a corrupted BPF interpreter image for some reason e.g. caused by an attacker which got past a verifier stage, it would not only provide arbitrary read/write memory access but arbitrary function calls as well. After setting up the BPF interpreter image, its contents do not change until destruction time, thus we can setup the image on immutable made pages in order to mitigate modifications to that code. The idea is derived from commit 314beb9bcabf ("x86: bpf_jit_comp: secure bpf jit against spraying attacks"). This is possible because bpf_prog is not part of sk_filter anymore. After setup bpf_prog cannot be altered during its life-time. This prevents any modifications to the entire bpf_prog structure (incl. function/JIT image pointer). Every eBPF program (including classic BPF that are migrated) have to call bpf_prog_select_runtime() to select either interpreter or a JIT image as a last setup step, and they all are being freed via bpf_prog_free(), including non-JIT. Therefore, we can easily integrate this into the eBPF life-time, plus since we directly allocate a bpf_prog, we have no performance penalty. Tested with seccomp and test_bpf testsuite in JIT/non-JIT mode and manual inspection of kernel_page_tables. Brad Spengler proposed the same idea via Twitter during development of this patch. Joint work with Hannes Frederic Sowa. Suggested-by: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-09-03 04:53:44 +08:00
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <uapi/linux/filter.h>
#include <uapi/linux/bpf.h>
net: bpf: make eBPF interpreter images read-only With eBPF getting more extended and exposure to user space is on it's way, hardening the memory range the interpreter uses to steer its command flow seems appropriate. This patch moves the to be interpreted bytecode to read-only pages. In case we execute a corrupted BPF interpreter image for some reason e.g. caused by an attacker which got past a verifier stage, it would not only provide arbitrary read/write memory access but arbitrary function calls as well. After setting up the BPF interpreter image, its contents do not change until destruction time, thus we can setup the image on immutable made pages in order to mitigate modifications to that code. The idea is derived from commit 314beb9bcabf ("x86: bpf_jit_comp: secure bpf jit against spraying attacks"). This is possible because bpf_prog is not part of sk_filter anymore. After setup bpf_prog cannot be altered during its life-time. This prevents any modifications to the entire bpf_prog structure (incl. function/JIT image pointer). Every eBPF program (including classic BPF that are migrated) have to call bpf_prog_select_runtime() to select either interpreter or a JIT image as a last setup step, and they all are being freed via bpf_prog_free(), including non-JIT. Therefore, we can easily integrate this into the eBPF life-time, plus since we directly allocate a bpf_prog, we have no performance penalty. Tested with seccomp and test_bpf testsuite in JIT/non-JIT mode and manual inspection of kernel_page_tables. Brad Spengler proposed the same idea via Twitter during development of this patch. Joint work with Hannes Frederic Sowa. Suggested-by: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-09-03 04:53:44 +08:00
struct sk_buff;
struct sock;
struct seccomp_data;
struct bpf_prog_aux;
/* ArgX, context and stack frame pointer register positions. Note,
* Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, etc are used as argument mappings of function
* calls in BPF_CALL instruction.
*/
#define BPF_REG_ARG1 BPF_REG_1
#define BPF_REG_ARG2 BPF_REG_2
#define BPF_REG_ARG3 BPF_REG_3
#define BPF_REG_ARG4 BPF_REG_4
#define BPF_REG_ARG5 BPF_REG_5
#define BPF_REG_CTX BPF_REG_6
#define BPF_REG_FP BPF_REG_10
/* Additional register mappings for converted user programs. */
#define BPF_REG_A BPF_REG_0
#define BPF_REG_X BPF_REG_7
#define BPF_REG_TMP BPF_REG_8
net: filter: rework/optimize internal BPF interpreter's instruction set This patch replaces/reworks the kernel-internal BPF interpreter with an optimized BPF instruction set format that is modelled closer to mimic native instruction sets and is designed to be JITed with one to one mapping. Thus, the new interpreter is noticeably faster than the current implementation of sk_run_filter(); mainly for two reasons: 1. Fall-through jumps: BPF jump instructions are forced to go either 'true' or 'false' branch which causes branch-miss penalty. The new BPF jump instructions have only one branch and fall-through otherwise, which fits the CPU branch predictor logic better. `perf stat` shows drastic difference for branch-misses between the old and new code. 2. Jump-threaded implementation of interpreter vs switch statement: Instead of single table-jump at the top of 'switch' statement, gcc will now generate multiple table-jump instructions, which helps CPU branch predictor logic. Note that the verification of filters is still being done through sk_chk_filter() in classical BPF format, so filters from user- or kernel space are verified in the same way as we do now, and same restrictions/constraints hold as well. We reuse current BPF JIT compilers in a way that this upgrade would even be fine as is, but nevertheless allows for a successive upgrade of BPF JIT compilers to the new format. The internal instruction set migration is being done after the probing for JIT compilation, so in case JIT compilers are able to create a native opcode image, we're going to use that, and in all other cases we're doing a follow-up migration of the BPF program's instruction set, so that it can be transparently run in the new interpreter. In short, the *internal* format extends BPF in the following way (more details can be taken from the appended documentation): - Number of registers increase from 2 to 10 - Register width increases from 32-bit to 64-bit - Conditional jt/jf targets replaced with jt/fall-through - Adds signed > and >= insns - 16 4-byte stack slots for register spill-fill replaced with up to 512 bytes of multi-use stack space - Introduction of bpf_call insn and register passing convention for zero overhead calls from/to other kernel functions - Adds arithmetic right shift and endianness conversion insns - Adds atomic_add insn - Old tax/txa insns are replaced with 'mov dst,src' insn Performance of two BPF filters generated by libpcap resp. bpf_asm was measured on x86_64, i386 and arm32 (other libpcap programs have similar performance differences): fprog #1 is taken from Documentation/networking/filter.txt: tcpdump -i eth0 port 22 -dd fprog #2 is taken from 'man tcpdump': tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 22 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)' -dd Raw performance data from BPF micro-benchmark: SK_RUN_FILTER on the same SKB (cache-hit) or 10k SKBs (cache-miss); time in ns per call, smaller is better: --x86_64-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 90 101 192 202 new BPF 31 71 47 97 old BPF jit 12 34 17 44 new BPF jit TBD --i386-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 107 136 227 252 new BPF 40 119 69 172 --arm32-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 202 300 475 540 new BPF 180 270 330 470 old BPF jit 26 182 37 202 new BPF jit TBD Thus, without changing any userland BPF filters, applications on top of AF_PACKET (or other families) such as libpcap/tcpdump, cls_bpf classifier, netfilter's xt_bpf, team driver's load-balancing mode, and many more will have better interpreter filtering performance. While we are replacing the internal BPF interpreter, we also need to convert seccomp BPF in the same step to make use of the new internal structure since it makes use of lower-level API details without being further decoupled through higher-level calls like sk_unattached_filter_{create,destroy}(), for example. Just as for normal socket filtering, also seccomp BPF experiences a time-to-verdict speedup: 05-sim-long_jumps.c of libseccomp was used as micro-benchmark: seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... rc = seccomp_load(ctx); for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) syscall(199, 100); 'short filter' has 2 rules 'large filter' has 200 rules 'short filter' performance is slightly better on x86_64/i386/arm32 'large filter' is much faster on x86_64 and i386 and shows no difference on arm32 --x86_64-- short filter old BPF: 2.7 sec 39.12% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 8.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 6.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 5.59% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 4.37% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_off_caller 3.70% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.67% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] lock_is_held 3.03% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load new BPF: 2.58 sec 42.05% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 6.91% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 6.07% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 5.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp --arm32-- short filter old BPF: 4.0 sec 39.92% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 16.60% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 14.66% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 5.42% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 5.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing new BPF: 3.7 sec 35.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 21.89% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 13.45% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.96% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] syscall_trace_exit --x86_64-- large filter old BPF: 8.6 seconds 73.38% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.70% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 5.09% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.97% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call new BPF: 5.7 seconds 66.20% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 16.75% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 3.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 2.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing --i386-- large filter old BPF: 5.4 sec new BPF: 3.8 sec --arm32-- large filter old BPF: 13.5 sec 73.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.29% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 6.46% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 2.94% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.19% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.87% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid new BPF: 13.5 sec 76.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 10.98% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 5.87% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 1.77% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid BPF filters generated by seccomp are very branchy, so the new internal BPF performance is better than the old one. Performance gains will be even higher when BPF JIT is committed for the new structure, which is planned in future work (as successive JIT migrations). BPF has also been stress-tested with trinity's BPF fuzzer. Joint work with Daniel Borkmann. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Cc: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-03-29 01:58:25 +08:00
bpf: add generic constant blinding for use in jits This work adds a generic facility for use from eBPF JIT compilers that allows for further hardening of JIT generated images through blinding constants. In response to the original work on BPF JIT spraying published by Keegan McAllister [1], most BPF JITs were changed to make images read-only and start at a randomized offset in the page, where the rest was filled with trap instructions. We have this nowadays in x86, arm, arm64 and s390 JIT compilers. Additionally, later work also made eBPF interpreter images read only for kernels supporting DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX, that is, x86, arm, arm64 and s390 archs as well currently. This is done by default for mentioned JITs when JITing is enabled. Furthermore, we had a generic and configurable constant blinding facility on our todo for quite some time now to further make spraying harder, and first implementation since around netconf 2016. We found that for systems where untrusted users can load cBPF/eBPF code where JIT is enabled, start offset randomization helps a bit to make jumps into crafted payload harder, but in case where larger programs that cross page boundary are injected, we again have some part of the program opcodes at a page start offset. With improved guessing and more reliable payload injection, chances can increase to jump into such payload. Elena Reshetova recently wrote a test case for it [2, 3]. Moreover, eBPF comes with 64 bit constants, which can leave some more room for payloads. Note that for all this, additional bugs in the kernel are still required to make the jump (and of course to guess right, to not jump into a trap) and naturally the JIT must be enabled, which is disabled by default. For helping mitigation, the general idea is to provide an option bpf_jit_harden that admins can tweak along with bpf_jit_enable, so that for cases where JIT should be enabled for performance reasons, the generated image can be further hardened with blinding constants for unpriviledged users (bpf_jit_harden == 1), with trading off performance for these, but not for privileged ones. We also added the option of blinding for all users (bpf_jit_harden == 2), which is quite helpful for testing f.e. with test_bpf.ko. There are no further e.g. hardening levels of bpf_jit_harden switch intended, rationale is to have it dead simple to use as on/off. Since this functionality would need to be duplicated over and over for JIT compilers to use, which are already complex enough, we provide a generic eBPF byte-code level based blinding implementation, which is then just transparently JITed. JIT compilers need to make only a few changes to integrate this facility and can be migrated one by one. This option is for eBPF JITs and will be used in x86, arm64, s390 without too much effort, and soon ppc64 JITs, thus that native eBPF can be blinded as well as cBPF to eBPF migrations, so that both can be covered with a single implementation. The rule for JITs is that bpf_jit_blind_constants() must be called from bpf_int_jit_compile(), and in case blinding is disabled, we follow normally with JITing the passed program. In case blinding is enabled and we fail during the process of blinding itself, we must return with the interpreter. Similarly, in case the JITing process after the blinding failed, we return normally to the interpreter with the non-blinded code. Meaning, interpreter doesn't change in any way and operates on eBPF code as usual. For doing this pre-JIT blinding step, we need to make use of a helper/auxiliary register, here BPF_REG_AX. This is strictly internal to the JIT and not in any way part of the eBPF architecture. Just like in the same way as JITs internally make use of some helper registers when emitting code, only that here the helper register is one abstraction level higher in eBPF bytecode, but nevertheless in JIT phase. That helper register is needed since f.e. manually written program can issue loads to all registers of eBPF architecture. The core concept with the additional register is: blind out all 32 and 64 bit constants by converting BPF_K based instructions into a small sequence from K_VAL into ((RND ^ K_VAL) ^ RND). Therefore, this is transformed into: BPF_REG_AX := (RND ^ K_VAL), BPF_REG_AX ^= RND, and REG <OP> BPF_REG_AX, so actual operation on the target register is translated from BPF_K into BPF_X one that is operating on BPF_REG_AX's content. During rewriting phase when blinding, RND is newly generated via prandom_u32() for each processed instruction. 64 bit loads are split into two 32 bit loads to make translation and patching not too complex. Only basic thing required by JITs is to call the helper bpf_jit_blind_constants()/bpf_jit_prog_release_other() pair, and to map BPF_REG_AX into an unused register. Small bpf_jit_disasm extract from [2] when applied to x86 JIT: echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f5e9 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 3e: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 43: mov $0xa8ff3148,%eax 48: mov $0xa89081b4,%eax 4d: mov $0xa8900bb0,%eax 52: mov $0xa810e0c1,%eax 57: mov $0xa8908eb4,%eax 5c: mov $0xa89020b0,%eax [...] echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f1e5 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xe1192563,%r10d 3f: xor $0x4989b5f3,%r10d 46: mov %r10d,%eax 49: mov $0xb8296d93,%r10d 4f: xor $0x10b9fd03,%r10d 56: mov %r10d,%eax 59: mov $0x8c381146,%r10d 5f: xor $0x24c7200e,%r10d 66: mov %r10d,%eax 69: mov $0xeb2a830e,%r10d 6f: xor $0x43ba02ba,%r10d 76: mov %r10d,%eax 79: mov $0xd9730af,%r10d 7f: xor $0xa5073b1f,%r10d 86: mov %r10d,%eax 89: mov $0x9a45662b,%r10d 8f: xor $0x325586ea,%r10d 96: mov %r10d,%eax [...] As can be seen, original constants that carry payload are hidden when enabled, actual operations are transformed from constant-based to register-based ones, making jumps into constants ineffective. Above extract/example uses single BPF load instruction over and over, but of course all instructions with constants are blinded. Performance wise, JIT with blinding performs a bit slower than just JIT and faster than interpreter case. This is expected, since we still get all the performance benefits from JITing and in normal use-cases not every single instruction needs to be blinded. Summing up all 296 test cases averaged over multiple runs from test_bpf.ko suite, interpreter was 55% slower than JIT only and JIT with blinding was 8% slower than JIT only. Since there are also some extremes in the test suite, I expect for ordinary workloads that the performance for the JIT with blinding case is even closer to JIT only case, f.e. nmap test case from suite has averaged timings in ns 29 (JIT), 35 (+ blinding), and 151 (interpreter). BPF test suite, seccomp test suite, eBPF sample code and various bigger networking eBPF programs have been tested with this and were running fine. For testing purposes, I also adapted interpreter and redirected blinded eBPF image to interpreter and also here all tests pass. [1] http://mainisusuallyafunction.blogspot.com/2012/11/attacking-hardened-linux-systems-with.html [2] https://github.com/01org/jit-spray-poc-for-ksp/ [3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2016/05/03/5 Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Reviewed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-05-14 01:08:32 +08:00
/* Kernel hidden auxiliary/helper register for hardening step.
* Only used by eBPF JITs. It's nothing more than a temporary
* register that JITs use internally, only that here it's part
* of eBPF instructions that have been rewritten for blinding
* constants. See JIT pre-step in bpf_jit_blind_constants().
*/
#define BPF_REG_AX MAX_BPF_REG
#define MAX_BPF_JIT_REG (MAX_BPF_REG + 1)
net: filter: rework/optimize internal BPF interpreter's instruction set This patch replaces/reworks the kernel-internal BPF interpreter with an optimized BPF instruction set format that is modelled closer to mimic native instruction sets and is designed to be JITed with one to one mapping. Thus, the new interpreter is noticeably faster than the current implementation of sk_run_filter(); mainly for two reasons: 1. Fall-through jumps: BPF jump instructions are forced to go either 'true' or 'false' branch which causes branch-miss penalty. The new BPF jump instructions have only one branch and fall-through otherwise, which fits the CPU branch predictor logic better. `perf stat` shows drastic difference for branch-misses between the old and new code. 2. Jump-threaded implementation of interpreter vs switch statement: Instead of single table-jump at the top of 'switch' statement, gcc will now generate multiple table-jump instructions, which helps CPU branch predictor logic. Note that the verification of filters is still being done through sk_chk_filter() in classical BPF format, so filters from user- or kernel space are verified in the same way as we do now, and same restrictions/constraints hold as well. We reuse current BPF JIT compilers in a way that this upgrade would even be fine as is, but nevertheless allows for a successive upgrade of BPF JIT compilers to the new format. The internal instruction set migration is being done after the probing for JIT compilation, so in case JIT compilers are able to create a native opcode image, we're going to use that, and in all other cases we're doing a follow-up migration of the BPF program's instruction set, so that it can be transparently run in the new interpreter. In short, the *internal* format extends BPF in the following way (more details can be taken from the appended documentation): - Number of registers increase from 2 to 10 - Register width increases from 32-bit to 64-bit - Conditional jt/jf targets replaced with jt/fall-through - Adds signed > and >= insns - 16 4-byte stack slots for register spill-fill replaced with up to 512 bytes of multi-use stack space - Introduction of bpf_call insn and register passing convention for zero overhead calls from/to other kernel functions - Adds arithmetic right shift and endianness conversion insns - Adds atomic_add insn - Old tax/txa insns are replaced with 'mov dst,src' insn Performance of two BPF filters generated by libpcap resp. bpf_asm was measured on x86_64, i386 and arm32 (other libpcap programs have similar performance differences): fprog #1 is taken from Documentation/networking/filter.txt: tcpdump -i eth0 port 22 -dd fprog #2 is taken from 'man tcpdump': tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 22 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)' -dd Raw performance data from BPF micro-benchmark: SK_RUN_FILTER on the same SKB (cache-hit) or 10k SKBs (cache-miss); time in ns per call, smaller is better: --x86_64-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 90 101 192 202 new BPF 31 71 47 97 old BPF jit 12 34 17 44 new BPF jit TBD --i386-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 107 136 227 252 new BPF 40 119 69 172 --arm32-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 202 300 475 540 new BPF 180 270 330 470 old BPF jit 26 182 37 202 new BPF jit TBD Thus, without changing any userland BPF filters, applications on top of AF_PACKET (or other families) such as libpcap/tcpdump, cls_bpf classifier, netfilter's xt_bpf, team driver's load-balancing mode, and many more will have better interpreter filtering performance. While we are replacing the internal BPF interpreter, we also need to convert seccomp BPF in the same step to make use of the new internal structure since it makes use of lower-level API details without being further decoupled through higher-level calls like sk_unattached_filter_{create,destroy}(), for example. Just as for normal socket filtering, also seccomp BPF experiences a time-to-verdict speedup: 05-sim-long_jumps.c of libseccomp was used as micro-benchmark: seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... rc = seccomp_load(ctx); for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) syscall(199, 100); 'short filter' has 2 rules 'large filter' has 200 rules 'short filter' performance is slightly better on x86_64/i386/arm32 'large filter' is much faster on x86_64 and i386 and shows no difference on arm32 --x86_64-- short filter old BPF: 2.7 sec 39.12% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 8.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 6.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 5.59% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 4.37% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_off_caller 3.70% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.67% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] lock_is_held 3.03% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load new BPF: 2.58 sec 42.05% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 6.91% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 6.07% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 5.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp --arm32-- short filter old BPF: 4.0 sec 39.92% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 16.60% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 14.66% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 5.42% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 5.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing new BPF: 3.7 sec 35.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 21.89% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 13.45% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.96% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] syscall_trace_exit --x86_64-- large filter old BPF: 8.6 seconds 73.38% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.70% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 5.09% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.97% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call new BPF: 5.7 seconds 66.20% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 16.75% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 3.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 2.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing --i386-- large filter old BPF: 5.4 sec new BPF: 3.8 sec --arm32-- large filter old BPF: 13.5 sec 73.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.29% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 6.46% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 2.94% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.19% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.87% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid new BPF: 13.5 sec 76.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 10.98% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 5.87% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 1.77% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid BPF filters generated by seccomp are very branchy, so the new internal BPF performance is better than the old one. Performance gains will be even higher when BPF JIT is committed for the new structure, which is planned in future work (as successive JIT migrations). BPF has also been stress-tested with trinity's BPF fuzzer. Joint work with Daniel Borkmann. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Cc: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-03-29 01:58:25 +08:00
/* BPF program can access up to 512 bytes of stack space. */
#define MAX_BPF_STACK 512
bpf: rework prog_digest into prog_tag Commit 7bd509e311f4 ("bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via fdinfo/netlink") was recently discussed, partially due to admittedly suboptimal name of "prog_digest" in combination with sha1 hash usage, thus inevitably and rightfully concerns about its security in terms of collision resistance were raised with regards to use-cases. The intended use cases are for debugging resp. introspection only for providing a stable "tag" over the instruction sequence that both kernel and user space can calculate independently. It's not usable at all for making a security relevant decision. So collisions where two different instruction sequences generate the same tag can happen, but ideally at a rather low rate. The "tag" will be dumped in hex and is short enough to introspect in tracepoints or kallsyms output along with other data such as stack trace, etc. Thus, this patch performs a rename into prog_tag and truncates the tag to a short output (64 bits) to make it obvious it's not collision-free. Should in future a hash or facility be needed with a security relevant focus, then we can think about requirements, constraints, etc that would fit to that situation. For now, rework the exposed parts for the current use cases as long as nothing has been released yet. Tested on x86_64 and s390x. Fixes: 7bd509e311f4 ("bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via fdinfo/netlink") Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2017-01-14 06:38:15 +08:00
#define BPF_TAG_SIZE 8
/* Helper macros for filter block array initializers. */
/* ALU ops on registers, bpf_add|sub|...: dst_reg += src_reg */
#define BPF_ALU64_REG(OP, DST, SRC) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU64 | BPF_OP(OP) | BPF_X, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = 0 })
#define BPF_ALU32_REG(OP, DST, SRC) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU | BPF_OP(OP) | BPF_X, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = 0 })
/* ALU ops on immediates, bpf_add|sub|...: dst_reg += imm32 */
#define BPF_ALU64_IMM(OP, DST, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU64 | BPF_OP(OP) | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_ALU32_IMM(OP, DST, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU | BPF_OP(OP) | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
/* Endianess conversion, cpu_to_{l,b}e(), {l,b}e_to_cpu() */
#define BPF_ENDIAN(TYPE, DST, LEN) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU | BPF_END | BPF_SRC(TYPE), \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = LEN })
/* Short form of mov, dst_reg = src_reg */
#define BPF_MOV64_REG(DST, SRC) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOV | BPF_X, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = 0 })
#define BPF_MOV32_REG(DST, SRC) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU | BPF_MOV | BPF_X, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = 0 })
/* Short form of mov, dst_reg = imm32 */
#define BPF_MOV64_IMM(DST, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOV | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_MOV32_IMM(DST, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU | BPF_MOV | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
net: filter: add "load 64-bit immediate" eBPF instruction add BPF_LD_IMM64 instruction to load 64-bit immediate value into a register. All previous instructions were 8-byte. This is first 16-byte instruction. Two consecutive 'struct bpf_insn' blocks are interpreted as single instruction: insn[0].code = BPF_LD | BPF_DW | BPF_IMM insn[0].dst_reg = destination register insn[0].imm = lower 32-bit insn[1].code = 0 insn[1].imm = upper 32-bit All unused fields must be zero. Classic BPF has similar instruction: BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_IMM which loads 32-bit immediate value into a register. x64 JITs it as single 'movabsq %rax, imm64' arm64 may JIT as sequence of four 'movk x0, #imm16, lsl #shift' insn Note that old eBPF programs are binary compatible with new interpreter. It helps eBPF programs load 64-bit constant into a register with one instruction instead of using two registers and 4 instructions: BPF_MOV32_IMM(R1, imm32) BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_LSH, R1, 32) BPF_MOV32_IMM(R2, imm32) BPF_ALU64_REG(BPF_OR, R1, R2) User space generated programs will use this instruction to load constants only. To tell kernel that user space needs a pointer the _pseudo_ variant of this instruction may be added later, which will use extra bits of encoding to indicate what type of pointer user space is asking kernel to provide. For example 'off' or 'src_reg' fields can be used for such purpose. src_reg = 1 could mean that user space is asking kernel to validate and load in-kernel map pointer. src_reg = 2 could mean that user space needs readonly data section pointer src_reg = 3 could mean that user space needs a pointer to per-cpu local data All such future pseudo instructions will not be carrying the actual pointer as part of the instruction, but rather will be treated as a request to kernel to provide one. The kernel will verify the request_for_a_pointer, then will drop _pseudo_ marking and will store actual internal pointer inside the instruction, so the end result is the interpreter and JITs never see pseudo BPF_LD_IMM64 insns and only operate on generic BPF_LD_IMM64 that loads 64-bit immediate into a register. User space never operates on direct pointers and verifier can easily recognize request_for_pointer vs other instructions. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-09-05 13:17:17 +08:00
/* BPF_LD_IMM64 macro encodes single 'load 64-bit immediate' insn */
#define BPF_LD_IMM64(DST, IMM) \
BPF_LD_IMM64_RAW(DST, 0, IMM)
#define BPF_LD_IMM64_RAW(DST, SRC, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_LD | BPF_DW | BPF_IMM, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = (__u32) (IMM) }), \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = 0, /* zero is reserved opcode */ \
.dst_reg = 0, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = ((__u64) (IMM)) >> 32 })
/* pseudo BPF_LD_IMM64 insn used to refer to process-local map_fd */
#define BPF_LD_MAP_FD(DST, MAP_FD) \
BPF_LD_IMM64_RAW(DST, BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD, MAP_FD)
/* Short form of mov based on type, BPF_X: dst_reg = src_reg, BPF_K: dst_reg = imm32 */
#define BPF_MOV64_RAW(TYPE, DST, SRC, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOV | BPF_SRC(TYPE), \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_MOV32_RAW(TYPE, DST, SRC, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU | BPF_MOV | BPF_SRC(TYPE), \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
/* Direct packet access, R0 = *(uint *) (skb->data + imm32) */
#define BPF_LD_ABS(SIZE, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_LD | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_ABS, \
.dst_reg = 0, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
/* Indirect packet access, R0 = *(uint *) (skb->data + src_reg + imm32) */
#define BPF_LD_IND(SIZE, SRC, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_LD | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_IND, \
.dst_reg = 0, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
/* Memory load, dst_reg = *(uint *) (src_reg + off16) */
#define BPF_LDX_MEM(SIZE, DST, SRC, OFF) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_LDX | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_MEM, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = 0 })
/* Memory store, *(uint *) (dst_reg + off16) = src_reg */
#define BPF_STX_MEM(SIZE, DST, SRC, OFF) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_STX | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_MEM, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = 0 })
/* Atomic memory add, *(uint *)(dst_reg + off16) += src_reg */
#define BPF_STX_XADD(SIZE, DST, SRC, OFF) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_STX | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_XADD, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = 0 })
/* Memory store, *(uint *) (dst_reg + off16) = imm32 */
#define BPF_ST_MEM(SIZE, DST, OFF, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ST | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_MEM, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = IMM })
/* Conditional jumps against registers, if (dst_reg 'op' src_reg) goto pc + off16 */
#define BPF_JMP_REG(OP, DST, SRC, OFF) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_JMP | BPF_OP(OP) | BPF_X, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = 0 })
/* Conditional jumps against immediates, if (dst_reg 'op' imm32) goto pc + off16 */
#define BPF_JMP_IMM(OP, DST, IMM, OFF) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_JMP | BPF_OP(OP) | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = IMM })
/* Function call */
#define BPF_EMIT_CALL(FUNC) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, \
.dst_reg = 0, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = ((FUNC) - __bpf_call_base) })
/* Raw code statement block */
#define BPF_RAW_INSN(CODE, DST, SRC, OFF, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = CODE, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = IMM })
/* Program exit */
#define BPF_EXIT_INSN() \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_JMP | BPF_EXIT, \
.dst_reg = 0, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = 0 })
test_bpf: add tests related to BPF_MAXINSNS Couple of torture test cases related to the bug fixed in 0b59d8806a31 ("ARM: net: delegate filter to kernel interpreter when imm_offset() return value can't fit into 12bits."). I've added a helper to allocate and fill the insn space. Output on x86_64 from my laptop: test_bpf: #233 BPF_MAXINSNS: Maximum possible literals jited:0 7 PASS test_bpf: #234 BPF_MAXINSNS: Single literal jited:0 8 PASS test_bpf: #235 BPF_MAXINSNS: Run/add until end jited:0 11553 PASS test_bpf: #236 BPF_MAXINSNS: Too many instructions PASS test_bpf: #237 BPF_MAXINSNS: Very long jump jited:0 9 PASS test_bpf: #238 BPF_MAXINSNS: Ctx heavy transformations jited:0 20329 20398 PASS test_bpf: #239 BPF_MAXINSNS: Call heavy transformations jited:0 32178 32475 PASS test_bpf: #240 BPF_MAXINSNS: Jump heavy test jited:0 10518 PASS test_bpf: #233 BPF_MAXINSNS: Maximum possible literals jited:1 4 PASS test_bpf: #234 BPF_MAXINSNS: Single literal jited:1 4 PASS test_bpf: #235 BPF_MAXINSNS: Run/add until end jited:1 1625 PASS test_bpf: #236 BPF_MAXINSNS: Too many instructions PASS test_bpf: #237 BPF_MAXINSNS: Very long jump jited:1 8 PASS test_bpf: #238 BPF_MAXINSNS: Ctx heavy transformations jited:1 3301 3174 PASS test_bpf: #239 BPF_MAXINSNS: Call heavy transformations jited:1 24107 23491 PASS test_bpf: #240 BPF_MAXINSNS: Jump heavy test jited:1 8651 PASS Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Nicolas Schichan <nschichan@freebox.fr> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2015-05-13 19:12:43 +08:00
/* Internal classic blocks for direct assignment */
#define __BPF_STMT(CODE, K) \
((struct sock_filter) BPF_STMT(CODE, K))
#define __BPF_JUMP(CODE, K, JT, JF) \
((struct sock_filter) BPF_JUMP(CODE, K, JT, JF))
#define bytes_to_bpf_size(bytes) \
({ \
int bpf_size = -EINVAL; \
\
if (bytes == sizeof(u8)) \
bpf_size = BPF_B; \
else if (bytes == sizeof(u16)) \
bpf_size = BPF_H; \
else if (bytes == sizeof(u32)) \
bpf_size = BPF_W; \
else if (bytes == sizeof(u64)) \
bpf_size = BPF_DW; \
\
bpf_size; \
})
#define BPF_SIZEOF(type) \
({ \
const int __size = bytes_to_bpf_size(sizeof(type)); \
BUILD_BUG_ON(__size < 0); \
__size; \
})
#define BPF_FIELD_SIZEOF(type, field) \
({ \
const int __size = bytes_to_bpf_size(FIELD_SIZEOF(type, field)); \
BUILD_BUG_ON(__size < 0); \
__size; \
})
bpf: add BPF_CALL_x macros for declaring helpers This work adds BPF_CALL_<n>() macros and converts all the eBPF helper functions to use them, in a similar fashion like we do with SYSCALL_DEFINE<n>() macros that are used today. Motivation for this is to hide all the register handling and all necessary casts from the user, so that it is done automatically in the background when adding a BPF_CALL_<n>() call. This makes current helpers easier to review, eases to write future helpers, avoids getting the casting mess wrong, and allows for extending all helpers at once (f.e. build time checks, etc). It also helps detecting more easily in code reviews that unused registers are not instrumented in the code by accident, breaking compatibility with existing programs. BPF_CALL_<n>() internals are quite similar to SYSCALL_DEFINE<n>() ones with some fundamental differences, for example, for generating the actual helper function that carries all u64 regs, we need to fill unused regs, so that we always end up with 5 u64 regs as an argument. I reviewed several 0-5 generated BPF_CALL_<n>() variants of the .i results and they look all as expected. No sparse issue spotted. We let this also sit for a few days with Fengguang's kbuild test robot, and there were no issues seen. On s390, it barked on the "uses dynamic stack allocation" notice, which is an old one from bpf_perf_event_output{,_tp}() reappearing here due to the conversion to the call wrapper, just telling that the perf raw record/frag sits on stack (gcc with s390's -mwarn-dynamicstack), but that's all. Did various runtime tests and they were fine as well. All eBPF helpers are now converted to use these macros, getting rid of a good chunk of all the raw castings. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-09-09 08:45:31 +08:00
#define __BPF_MAP_0(m, v, ...) v
#define __BPF_MAP_1(m, v, t, a, ...) m(t, a)
#define __BPF_MAP_2(m, v, t, a, ...) m(t, a), __BPF_MAP_1(m, v, __VA_ARGS__)
#define __BPF_MAP_3(m, v, t, a, ...) m(t, a), __BPF_MAP_2(m, v, __VA_ARGS__)
#define __BPF_MAP_4(m, v, t, a, ...) m(t, a), __BPF_MAP_3(m, v, __VA_ARGS__)
#define __BPF_MAP_5(m, v, t, a, ...) m(t, a), __BPF_MAP_4(m, v, __VA_ARGS__)
#define __BPF_REG_0(...) __BPF_PAD(5)
#define __BPF_REG_1(...) __BPF_MAP(1, __VA_ARGS__), __BPF_PAD(4)
#define __BPF_REG_2(...) __BPF_MAP(2, __VA_ARGS__), __BPF_PAD(3)
#define __BPF_REG_3(...) __BPF_MAP(3, __VA_ARGS__), __BPF_PAD(2)
#define __BPF_REG_4(...) __BPF_MAP(4, __VA_ARGS__), __BPF_PAD(1)
#define __BPF_REG_5(...) __BPF_MAP(5, __VA_ARGS__)
#define __BPF_MAP(n, ...) __BPF_MAP_##n(__VA_ARGS__)
#define __BPF_REG(n, ...) __BPF_REG_##n(__VA_ARGS__)
#define __BPF_CAST(t, a) \
(__force t) \
(__force \
typeof(__builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(t) == sizeof(unsigned long), \
(unsigned long)0, (t)0))) a
#define __BPF_V void
#define __BPF_N
#define __BPF_DECL_ARGS(t, a) t a
#define __BPF_DECL_REGS(t, a) u64 a
#define __BPF_PAD(n) \
__BPF_MAP(n, __BPF_DECL_ARGS, __BPF_N, u64, __ur_1, u64, __ur_2, \
u64, __ur_3, u64, __ur_4, u64, __ur_5)
#define BPF_CALL_x(x, name, ...) \
static __always_inline \
u64 ____##name(__BPF_MAP(x, __BPF_DECL_ARGS, __BPF_V, __VA_ARGS__)); \
u64 name(__BPF_REG(x, __BPF_DECL_REGS, __BPF_N, __VA_ARGS__)); \
u64 name(__BPF_REG(x, __BPF_DECL_REGS, __BPF_N, __VA_ARGS__)) \
{ \
return ____##name(__BPF_MAP(x,__BPF_CAST,__BPF_N,__VA_ARGS__));\
} \
static __always_inline \
u64 ____##name(__BPF_MAP(x, __BPF_DECL_ARGS, __BPF_V, __VA_ARGS__))
#define BPF_CALL_0(name, ...) BPF_CALL_x(0, name, __VA_ARGS__)
#define BPF_CALL_1(name, ...) BPF_CALL_x(1, name, __VA_ARGS__)
#define BPF_CALL_2(name, ...) BPF_CALL_x(2, name, __VA_ARGS__)
#define BPF_CALL_3(name, ...) BPF_CALL_x(3, name, __VA_ARGS__)
#define BPF_CALL_4(name, ...) BPF_CALL_x(4, name, __VA_ARGS__)
#define BPF_CALL_5(name, ...) BPF_CALL_x(5, name, __VA_ARGS__)
net: filter: rework/optimize internal BPF interpreter's instruction set This patch replaces/reworks the kernel-internal BPF interpreter with an optimized BPF instruction set format that is modelled closer to mimic native instruction sets and is designed to be JITed with one to one mapping. Thus, the new interpreter is noticeably faster than the current implementation of sk_run_filter(); mainly for two reasons: 1. Fall-through jumps: BPF jump instructions are forced to go either 'true' or 'false' branch which causes branch-miss penalty. The new BPF jump instructions have only one branch and fall-through otherwise, which fits the CPU branch predictor logic better. `perf stat` shows drastic difference for branch-misses between the old and new code. 2. Jump-threaded implementation of interpreter vs switch statement: Instead of single table-jump at the top of 'switch' statement, gcc will now generate multiple table-jump instructions, which helps CPU branch predictor logic. Note that the verification of filters is still being done through sk_chk_filter() in classical BPF format, so filters from user- or kernel space are verified in the same way as we do now, and same restrictions/constraints hold as well. We reuse current BPF JIT compilers in a way that this upgrade would even be fine as is, but nevertheless allows for a successive upgrade of BPF JIT compilers to the new format. The internal instruction set migration is being done after the probing for JIT compilation, so in case JIT compilers are able to create a native opcode image, we're going to use that, and in all other cases we're doing a follow-up migration of the BPF program's instruction set, so that it can be transparently run in the new interpreter. In short, the *internal* format extends BPF in the following way (more details can be taken from the appended documentation): - Number of registers increase from 2 to 10 - Register width increases from 32-bit to 64-bit - Conditional jt/jf targets replaced with jt/fall-through - Adds signed > and >= insns - 16 4-byte stack slots for register spill-fill replaced with up to 512 bytes of multi-use stack space - Introduction of bpf_call insn and register passing convention for zero overhead calls from/to other kernel functions - Adds arithmetic right shift and endianness conversion insns - Adds atomic_add insn - Old tax/txa insns are replaced with 'mov dst,src' insn Performance of two BPF filters generated by libpcap resp. bpf_asm was measured on x86_64, i386 and arm32 (other libpcap programs have similar performance differences): fprog #1 is taken from Documentation/networking/filter.txt: tcpdump -i eth0 port 22 -dd fprog #2 is taken from 'man tcpdump': tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 22 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)' -dd Raw performance data from BPF micro-benchmark: SK_RUN_FILTER on the same SKB (cache-hit) or 10k SKBs (cache-miss); time in ns per call, smaller is better: --x86_64-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 90 101 192 202 new BPF 31 71 47 97 old BPF jit 12 34 17 44 new BPF jit TBD --i386-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 107 136 227 252 new BPF 40 119 69 172 --arm32-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 202 300 475 540 new BPF 180 270 330 470 old BPF jit 26 182 37 202 new BPF jit TBD Thus, without changing any userland BPF filters, applications on top of AF_PACKET (or other families) such as libpcap/tcpdump, cls_bpf classifier, netfilter's xt_bpf, team driver's load-balancing mode, and many more will have better interpreter filtering performance. While we are replacing the internal BPF interpreter, we also need to convert seccomp BPF in the same step to make use of the new internal structure since it makes use of lower-level API details without being further decoupled through higher-level calls like sk_unattached_filter_{create,destroy}(), for example. Just as for normal socket filtering, also seccomp BPF experiences a time-to-verdict speedup: 05-sim-long_jumps.c of libseccomp was used as micro-benchmark: seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... rc = seccomp_load(ctx); for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) syscall(199, 100); 'short filter' has 2 rules 'large filter' has 200 rules 'short filter' performance is slightly better on x86_64/i386/arm32 'large filter' is much faster on x86_64 and i386 and shows no difference on arm32 --x86_64-- short filter old BPF: 2.7 sec 39.12% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 8.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 6.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 5.59% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 4.37% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_off_caller 3.70% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.67% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] lock_is_held 3.03% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load new BPF: 2.58 sec 42.05% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 6.91% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 6.07% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 5.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp --arm32-- short filter old BPF: 4.0 sec 39.92% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 16.60% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 14.66% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 5.42% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 5.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing new BPF: 3.7 sec 35.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 21.89% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 13.45% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.96% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] syscall_trace_exit --x86_64-- large filter old BPF: 8.6 seconds 73.38% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.70% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 5.09% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.97% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call new BPF: 5.7 seconds 66.20% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 16.75% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 3.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 2.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing --i386-- large filter old BPF: 5.4 sec new BPF: 3.8 sec --arm32-- large filter old BPF: 13.5 sec 73.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.29% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 6.46% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 2.94% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.19% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.87% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid new BPF: 13.5 sec 76.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 10.98% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 5.87% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 1.77% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid BPF filters generated by seccomp are very branchy, so the new internal BPF performance is better than the old one. Performance gains will be even higher when BPF JIT is committed for the new structure, which is planned in future work (as successive JIT migrations). BPF has also been stress-tested with trinity's BPF fuzzer. Joint work with Daniel Borkmann. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Cc: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-03-29 01:58:25 +08:00
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
/* A struct sock_filter is architecture independent. */
struct compat_sock_fprog {
u16 len;
net: filter: rework/optimize internal BPF interpreter's instruction set This patch replaces/reworks the kernel-internal BPF interpreter with an optimized BPF instruction set format that is modelled closer to mimic native instruction sets and is designed to be JITed with one to one mapping. Thus, the new interpreter is noticeably faster than the current implementation of sk_run_filter(); mainly for two reasons: 1. Fall-through jumps: BPF jump instructions are forced to go either 'true' or 'false' branch which causes branch-miss penalty. The new BPF jump instructions have only one branch and fall-through otherwise, which fits the CPU branch predictor logic better. `perf stat` shows drastic difference for branch-misses between the old and new code. 2. Jump-threaded implementation of interpreter vs switch statement: Instead of single table-jump at the top of 'switch' statement, gcc will now generate multiple table-jump instructions, which helps CPU branch predictor logic. Note that the verification of filters is still being done through sk_chk_filter() in classical BPF format, so filters from user- or kernel space are verified in the same way as we do now, and same restrictions/constraints hold as well. We reuse current BPF JIT compilers in a way that this upgrade would even be fine as is, but nevertheless allows for a successive upgrade of BPF JIT compilers to the new format. The internal instruction set migration is being done after the probing for JIT compilation, so in case JIT compilers are able to create a native opcode image, we're going to use that, and in all other cases we're doing a follow-up migration of the BPF program's instruction set, so that it can be transparently run in the new interpreter. In short, the *internal* format extends BPF in the following way (more details can be taken from the appended documentation): - Number of registers increase from 2 to 10 - Register width increases from 32-bit to 64-bit - Conditional jt/jf targets replaced with jt/fall-through - Adds signed > and >= insns - 16 4-byte stack slots for register spill-fill replaced with up to 512 bytes of multi-use stack space - Introduction of bpf_call insn and register passing convention for zero overhead calls from/to other kernel functions - Adds arithmetic right shift and endianness conversion insns - Adds atomic_add insn - Old tax/txa insns are replaced with 'mov dst,src' insn Performance of two BPF filters generated by libpcap resp. bpf_asm was measured on x86_64, i386 and arm32 (other libpcap programs have similar performance differences): fprog #1 is taken from Documentation/networking/filter.txt: tcpdump -i eth0 port 22 -dd fprog #2 is taken from 'man tcpdump': tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 22 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)' -dd Raw performance data from BPF micro-benchmark: SK_RUN_FILTER on the same SKB (cache-hit) or 10k SKBs (cache-miss); time in ns per call, smaller is better: --x86_64-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 90 101 192 202 new BPF 31 71 47 97 old BPF jit 12 34 17 44 new BPF jit TBD --i386-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 107 136 227 252 new BPF 40 119 69 172 --arm32-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 202 300 475 540 new BPF 180 270 330 470 old BPF jit 26 182 37 202 new BPF jit TBD Thus, without changing any userland BPF filters, applications on top of AF_PACKET (or other families) such as libpcap/tcpdump, cls_bpf classifier, netfilter's xt_bpf, team driver's load-balancing mode, and many more will have better interpreter filtering performance. While we are replacing the internal BPF interpreter, we also need to convert seccomp BPF in the same step to make use of the new internal structure since it makes use of lower-level API details without being further decoupled through higher-level calls like sk_unattached_filter_{create,destroy}(), for example. Just as for normal socket filtering, also seccomp BPF experiences a time-to-verdict speedup: 05-sim-long_jumps.c of libseccomp was used as micro-benchmark: seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... rc = seccomp_load(ctx); for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) syscall(199, 100); 'short filter' has 2 rules 'large filter' has 200 rules 'short filter' performance is slightly better on x86_64/i386/arm32 'large filter' is much faster on x86_64 and i386 and shows no difference on arm32 --x86_64-- short filter old BPF: 2.7 sec 39.12% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 8.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 6.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 5.59% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 4.37% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_off_caller 3.70% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.67% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] lock_is_held 3.03% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load new BPF: 2.58 sec 42.05% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 6.91% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 6.07% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 5.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp --arm32-- short filter old BPF: 4.0 sec 39.92% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 16.60% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 14.66% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 5.42% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 5.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing new BPF: 3.7 sec 35.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 21.89% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 13.45% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.96% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] syscall_trace_exit --x86_64-- large filter old BPF: 8.6 seconds 73.38% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.70% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 5.09% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.97% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call new BPF: 5.7 seconds 66.20% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 16.75% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 3.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 2.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing --i386-- large filter old BPF: 5.4 sec new BPF: 3.8 sec --arm32-- large filter old BPF: 13.5 sec 73.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.29% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 6.46% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 2.94% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.19% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.87% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid new BPF: 13.5 sec 76.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 10.98% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 5.87% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 1.77% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid BPF filters generated by seccomp are very branchy, so the new internal BPF performance is better than the old one. Performance gains will be even higher when BPF JIT is committed for the new structure, which is planned in future work (as successive JIT migrations). BPF has also been stress-tested with trinity's BPF fuzzer. Joint work with Daniel Borkmann. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Cc: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-03-29 01:58:25 +08:00
compat_uptr_t filter; /* struct sock_filter * */
};
#endif
struct sock_fprog_kern {
u16 len;
struct sock_filter *filter;
};
struct bpf_binary_header {
unsigned int pages;
u8 image[];
};
net: filter: split 'struct sk_filter' into socket and bpf parts clean up names related to socket filtering and bpf in the following way: - everything that deals with sockets keeps 'sk_*' prefix - everything that is pure BPF is changed to 'bpf_*' prefix split 'struct sk_filter' into struct sk_filter { atomic_t refcnt; struct rcu_head rcu; struct bpf_prog *prog; }; and struct bpf_prog { u32 jited:1, len:31; struct sock_fprog_kern *orig_prog; unsigned int (*bpf_func)(const struct sk_buff *skb, const struct bpf_insn *filter); union { struct sock_filter insns[0]; struct bpf_insn insnsi[0]; struct work_struct work; }; }; so that 'struct bpf_prog' can be used independent of sockets and cleans up 'unattached' bpf use cases split SK_RUN_FILTER macro into: SK_RUN_FILTER to be used with 'struct sk_filter *' and BPF_PROG_RUN to be used with 'struct bpf_prog *' __sk_filter_release(struct sk_filter *) gains __bpf_prog_release(struct bpf_prog *) helper function also perform related renames for the functions that work with 'struct bpf_prog *', since they're on the same lines: sk_filter_size -> bpf_prog_size sk_filter_select_runtime -> bpf_prog_select_runtime sk_filter_free -> bpf_prog_free sk_unattached_filter_create -> bpf_prog_create sk_unattached_filter_destroy -> bpf_prog_destroy sk_store_orig_filter -> bpf_prog_store_orig_filter sk_release_orig_filter -> bpf_release_orig_filter __sk_migrate_filter -> bpf_migrate_filter __sk_prepare_filter -> bpf_prepare_filter API for attaching classic BPF to a socket stays the same: sk_attach_filter(prog, struct sock *)/sk_detach_filter(struct sock *) and SK_RUN_FILTER(struct sk_filter *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by sockets, tun, af_packet API for 'unattached' BPF programs becomes: bpf_prog_create(struct bpf_prog **)/bpf_prog_destroy(struct bpf_prog *) and BPF_PROG_RUN(struct bpf_prog *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by isdn, ppp, team, seccomp, ptp, xt_bpf, cls_bpf, test_bpf Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-07-31 11:34:16 +08:00
struct bpf_prog {
u16 pages; /* Number of allocated pages */
kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(meta);
u16 jited:1, /* Is our filter JIT'ed? */
gpl_compatible:1, /* Is filter GPL compatible? */
cb_access:1, /* Is control block accessed? */
dst_needed:1, /* Do we need dst entry? */
xdp_adjust_head:1; /* Adjusting pkt head? */
kmemcheck_bitfield_end(meta);
enum bpf_prog_type type; /* Type of BPF program */
u32 len; /* Number of filter blocks */
bpf: rework prog_digest into prog_tag Commit 7bd509e311f4 ("bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via fdinfo/netlink") was recently discussed, partially due to admittedly suboptimal name of "prog_digest" in combination with sha1 hash usage, thus inevitably and rightfully concerns about its security in terms of collision resistance were raised with regards to use-cases. The intended use cases are for debugging resp. introspection only for providing a stable "tag" over the instruction sequence that both kernel and user space can calculate independently. It's not usable at all for making a security relevant decision. So collisions where two different instruction sequences generate the same tag can happen, but ideally at a rather low rate. The "tag" will be dumped in hex and is short enough to introspect in tracepoints or kallsyms output along with other data such as stack trace, etc. Thus, this patch performs a rename into prog_tag and truncates the tag to a short output (64 bits) to make it obvious it's not collision-free. Should in future a hash or facility be needed with a security relevant focus, then we can think about requirements, constraints, etc that would fit to that situation. For now, rework the exposed parts for the current use cases as long as nothing has been released yet. Tested on x86_64 and s390x. Fixes: 7bd509e311f4 ("bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via fdinfo/netlink") Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2017-01-14 06:38:15 +08:00
u8 tag[BPF_TAG_SIZE];
struct bpf_prog_aux *aux; /* Auxiliary fields */
struct sock_fprog_kern *orig_prog; /* Original BPF program */
unsigned int (*bpf_func)(const void *ctx,
const struct bpf_insn *insn);
net: bpf: make eBPF interpreter images read-only With eBPF getting more extended and exposure to user space is on it's way, hardening the memory range the interpreter uses to steer its command flow seems appropriate. This patch moves the to be interpreted bytecode to read-only pages. In case we execute a corrupted BPF interpreter image for some reason e.g. caused by an attacker which got past a verifier stage, it would not only provide arbitrary read/write memory access but arbitrary function calls as well. After setting up the BPF interpreter image, its contents do not change until destruction time, thus we can setup the image on immutable made pages in order to mitigate modifications to that code. The idea is derived from commit 314beb9bcabf ("x86: bpf_jit_comp: secure bpf jit against spraying attacks"). This is possible because bpf_prog is not part of sk_filter anymore. After setup bpf_prog cannot be altered during its life-time. This prevents any modifications to the entire bpf_prog structure (incl. function/JIT image pointer). Every eBPF program (including classic BPF that are migrated) have to call bpf_prog_select_runtime() to select either interpreter or a JIT image as a last setup step, and they all are being freed via bpf_prog_free(), including non-JIT. Therefore, we can easily integrate this into the eBPF life-time, plus since we directly allocate a bpf_prog, we have no performance penalty. Tested with seccomp and test_bpf testsuite in JIT/non-JIT mode and manual inspection of kernel_page_tables. Brad Spengler proposed the same idea via Twitter during development of this patch. Joint work with Hannes Frederic Sowa. Suggested-by: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-09-03 04:53:44 +08:00
/* Instructions for interpreter */
net: fix unsafe set_memory_rw from softirq on x86 system with net.core.bpf_jit_enable = 1 sudo tcpdump -i eth1 'tcp port 22' causes the warning: [ 56.766097] Possible unsafe locking scenario: [ 56.766097] [ 56.780146] CPU0 [ 56.786807] ---- [ 56.793188] lock(&(&vb->lock)->rlock); [ 56.799593] <Interrupt> [ 56.805889] lock(&(&vb->lock)->rlock); [ 56.812266] [ 56.812266] *** DEADLOCK *** [ 56.812266] [ 56.830670] 1 lock held by ksoftirqd/1/13: [ 56.836838] #0: (rcu_read_lock){.+.+..}, at: [<ffffffff8118f44c>] vm_unmap_aliases+0x8c/0x380 [ 56.849757] [ 56.849757] stack backtrace: [ 56.862194] CPU: 1 PID: 13 Comm: ksoftirqd/1 Not tainted 3.12.0-rc3+ #45 [ 56.868721] Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P8Z77 WS, BIOS 3007 07/26/2012 [ 56.882004] ffffffff821944c0 ffff88080bbdb8c8 ffffffff8175a145 0000000000000007 [ 56.895630] ffff88080bbd5f40 ffff88080bbdb928 ffffffff81755b14 0000000000000001 [ 56.909313] ffff880800000001 ffff880800000000 ffffffff8101178f 0000000000000001 [ 56.923006] Call Trace: [ 56.929532] [<ffffffff8175a145>] dump_stack+0x55/0x76 [ 56.936067] [<ffffffff81755b14>] print_usage_bug+0x1f7/0x208 [ 56.942445] [<ffffffff8101178f>] ? save_stack_trace+0x2f/0x50 [ 56.948932] [<ffffffff810cc0a0>] ? check_usage_backwards+0x150/0x150 [ 56.955470] [<ffffffff810ccb52>] mark_lock+0x282/0x2c0 [ 56.961945] [<ffffffff810ccfed>] __lock_acquire+0x45d/0x1d50 [ 56.968474] [<ffffffff810cce6e>] ? __lock_acquire+0x2de/0x1d50 [ 56.975140] [<ffffffff81393bf5>] ? cpumask_next_and+0x55/0x90 [ 56.981942] [<ffffffff810cef72>] lock_acquire+0x92/0x1d0 [ 56.988745] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 56.995619] [<ffffffff817628f1>] _raw_spin_lock+0x41/0x50 [ 57.002493] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 57.009447] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 57.016477] [<ffffffff8118f44c>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x8c/0x380 [ 57.023607] [<ffffffff810436b0>] change_page_attr_set_clr+0xc0/0x460 [ 57.030818] [<ffffffff810cfb8d>] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10 [ 57.037896] [<ffffffff811a8330>] ? kmem_cache_free+0xb0/0x2b0 [ 57.044789] [<ffffffff811b59c3>] ? free_object_rcu+0x93/0xa0 [ 57.051720] [<ffffffff81043d9f>] set_memory_rw+0x2f/0x40 [ 57.058727] [<ffffffff8104e17c>] bpf_jit_free+0x2c/0x40 [ 57.065577] [<ffffffff81642cba>] sk_filter_release_rcu+0x1a/0x30 [ 57.072338] [<ffffffff811108e2>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x202/0x7c0 [ 57.078962] [<ffffffff81057f17>] __do_softirq+0xf7/0x3f0 [ 57.085373] [<ffffffff81058245>] run_ksoftirqd+0x35/0x70 cannot reuse jited filter memory, since it's readonly, so use original bpf insns memory to hold work_struct defer kfree of sk_filter until jit completed freeing tested on x86_64 and i386 Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2013-10-04 15:14:06 +08:00
union {
net: filter: rework/optimize internal BPF interpreter's instruction set This patch replaces/reworks the kernel-internal BPF interpreter with an optimized BPF instruction set format that is modelled closer to mimic native instruction sets and is designed to be JITed with one to one mapping. Thus, the new interpreter is noticeably faster than the current implementation of sk_run_filter(); mainly for two reasons: 1. Fall-through jumps: BPF jump instructions are forced to go either 'true' or 'false' branch which causes branch-miss penalty. The new BPF jump instructions have only one branch and fall-through otherwise, which fits the CPU branch predictor logic better. `perf stat` shows drastic difference for branch-misses between the old and new code. 2. Jump-threaded implementation of interpreter vs switch statement: Instead of single table-jump at the top of 'switch' statement, gcc will now generate multiple table-jump instructions, which helps CPU branch predictor logic. Note that the verification of filters is still being done through sk_chk_filter() in classical BPF format, so filters from user- or kernel space are verified in the same way as we do now, and same restrictions/constraints hold as well. We reuse current BPF JIT compilers in a way that this upgrade would even be fine as is, but nevertheless allows for a successive upgrade of BPF JIT compilers to the new format. The internal instruction set migration is being done after the probing for JIT compilation, so in case JIT compilers are able to create a native opcode image, we're going to use that, and in all other cases we're doing a follow-up migration of the BPF program's instruction set, so that it can be transparently run in the new interpreter. In short, the *internal* format extends BPF in the following way (more details can be taken from the appended documentation): - Number of registers increase from 2 to 10 - Register width increases from 32-bit to 64-bit - Conditional jt/jf targets replaced with jt/fall-through - Adds signed > and >= insns - 16 4-byte stack slots for register spill-fill replaced with up to 512 bytes of multi-use stack space - Introduction of bpf_call insn and register passing convention for zero overhead calls from/to other kernel functions - Adds arithmetic right shift and endianness conversion insns - Adds atomic_add insn - Old tax/txa insns are replaced with 'mov dst,src' insn Performance of two BPF filters generated by libpcap resp. bpf_asm was measured on x86_64, i386 and arm32 (other libpcap programs have similar performance differences): fprog #1 is taken from Documentation/networking/filter.txt: tcpdump -i eth0 port 22 -dd fprog #2 is taken from 'man tcpdump': tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 22 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)' -dd Raw performance data from BPF micro-benchmark: SK_RUN_FILTER on the same SKB (cache-hit) or 10k SKBs (cache-miss); time in ns per call, smaller is better: --x86_64-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 90 101 192 202 new BPF 31 71 47 97 old BPF jit 12 34 17 44 new BPF jit TBD --i386-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 107 136 227 252 new BPF 40 119 69 172 --arm32-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 202 300 475 540 new BPF 180 270 330 470 old BPF jit 26 182 37 202 new BPF jit TBD Thus, without changing any userland BPF filters, applications on top of AF_PACKET (or other families) such as libpcap/tcpdump, cls_bpf classifier, netfilter's xt_bpf, team driver's load-balancing mode, and many more will have better interpreter filtering performance. While we are replacing the internal BPF interpreter, we also need to convert seccomp BPF in the same step to make use of the new internal structure since it makes use of lower-level API details without being further decoupled through higher-level calls like sk_unattached_filter_{create,destroy}(), for example. Just as for normal socket filtering, also seccomp BPF experiences a time-to-verdict speedup: 05-sim-long_jumps.c of libseccomp was used as micro-benchmark: seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... rc = seccomp_load(ctx); for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) syscall(199, 100); 'short filter' has 2 rules 'large filter' has 200 rules 'short filter' performance is slightly better on x86_64/i386/arm32 'large filter' is much faster on x86_64 and i386 and shows no difference on arm32 --x86_64-- short filter old BPF: 2.7 sec 39.12% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 8.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 6.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 5.59% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 4.37% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_off_caller 3.70% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.67% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] lock_is_held 3.03% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load new BPF: 2.58 sec 42.05% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 6.91% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 6.07% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 5.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp --arm32-- short filter old BPF: 4.0 sec 39.92% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 16.60% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 14.66% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 5.42% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 5.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing new BPF: 3.7 sec 35.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 21.89% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 13.45% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.96% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] syscall_trace_exit --x86_64-- large filter old BPF: 8.6 seconds 73.38% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.70% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 5.09% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.97% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call new BPF: 5.7 seconds 66.20% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 16.75% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 3.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 2.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing --i386-- large filter old BPF: 5.4 sec new BPF: 3.8 sec --arm32-- large filter old BPF: 13.5 sec 73.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.29% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 6.46% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 2.94% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.19% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.87% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid new BPF: 13.5 sec 76.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 10.98% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 5.87% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 1.77% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid BPF filters generated by seccomp are very branchy, so the new internal BPF performance is better than the old one. Performance gains will be even higher when BPF JIT is committed for the new structure, which is planned in future work (as successive JIT migrations). BPF has also been stress-tested with trinity's BPF fuzzer. Joint work with Daniel Borkmann. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Cc: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-03-29 01:58:25 +08:00
struct sock_filter insns[0];
struct bpf_insn insnsi[0];
net: fix unsafe set_memory_rw from softirq on x86 system with net.core.bpf_jit_enable = 1 sudo tcpdump -i eth1 'tcp port 22' causes the warning: [ 56.766097] Possible unsafe locking scenario: [ 56.766097] [ 56.780146] CPU0 [ 56.786807] ---- [ 56.793188] lock(&(&vb->lock)->rlock); [ 56.799593] <Interrupt> [ 56.805889] lock(&(&vb->lock)->rlock); [ 56.812266] [ 56.812266] *** DEADLOCK *** [ 56.812266] [ 56.830670] 1 lock held by ksoftirqd/1/13: [ 56.836838] #0: (rcu_read_lock){.+.+..}, at: [<ffffffff8118f44c>] vm_unmap_aliases+0x8c/0x380 [ 56.849757] [ 56.849757] stack backtrace: [ 56.862194] CPU: 1 PID: 13 Comm: ksoftirqd/1 Not tainted 3.12.0-rc3+ #45 [ 56.868721] Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P8Z77 WS, BIOS 3007 07/26/2012 [ 56.882004] ffffffff821944c0 ffff88080bbdb8c8 ffffffff8175a145 0000000000000007 [ 56.895630] ffff88080bbd5f40 ffff88080bbdb928 ffffffff81755b14 0000000000000001 [ 56.909313] ffff880800000001 ffff880800000000 ffffffff8101178f 0000000000000001 [ 56.923006] Call Trace: [ 56.929532] [<ffffffff8175a145>] dump_stack+0x55/0x76 [ 56.936067] [<ffffffff81755b14>] print_usage_bug+0x1f7/0x208 [ 56.942445] [<ffffffff8101178f>] ? save_stack_trace+0x2f/0x50 [ 56.948932] [<ffffffff810cc0a0>] ? check_usage_backwards+0x150/0x150 [ 56.955470] [<ffffffff810ccb52>] mark_lock+0x282/0x2c0 [ 56.961945] [<ffffffff810ccfed>] __lock_acquire+0x45d/0x1d50 [ 56.968474] [<ffffffff810cce6e>] ? __lock_acquire+0x2de/0x1d50 [ 56.975140] [<ffffffff81393bf5>] ? cpumask_next_and+0x55/0x90 [ 56.981942] [<ffffffff810cef72>] lock_acquire+0x92/0x1d0 [ 56.988745] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 56.995619] [<ffffffff817628f1>] _raw_spin_lock+0x41/0x50 [ 57.002493] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 57.009447] [<ffffffff8118f52a>] vm_unmap_aliases+0x16a/0x380 [ 57.016477] [<ffffffff8118f44c>] ? vm_unmap_aliases+0x8c/0x380 [ 57.023607] [<ffffffff810436b0>] change_page_attr_set_clr+0xc0/0x460 [ 57.030818] [<ffffffff810cfb8d>] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10 [ 57.037896] [<ffffffff811a8330>] ? kmem_cache_free+0xb0/0x2b0 [ 57.044789] [<ffffffff811b59c3>] ? free_object_rcu+0x93/0xa0 [ 57.051720] [<ffffffff81043d9f>] set_memory_rw+0x2f/0x40 [ 57.058727] [<ffffffff8104e17c>] bpf_jit_free+0x2c/0x40 [ 57.065577] [<ffffffff81642cba>] sk_filter_release_rcu+0x1a/0x30 [ 57.072338] [<ffffffff811108e2>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x202/0x7c0 [ 57.078962] [<ffffffff81057f17>] __do_softirq+0xf7/0x3f0 [ 57.085373] [<ffffffff81058245>] run_ksoftirqd+0x35/0x70 cannot reuse jited filter memory, since it's readonly, so use original bpf insns memory to hold work_struct defer kfree of sk_filter until jit completed freeing tested on x86_64 and i386 Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2013-10-04 15:14:06 +08:00
};
};
net: filter: split 'struct sk_filter' into socket and bpf parts clean up names related to socket filtering and bpf in the following way: - everything that deals with sockets keeps 'sk_*' prefix - everything that is pure BPF is changed to 'bpf_*' prefix split 'struct sk_filter' into struct sk_filter { atomic_t refcnt; struct rcu_head rcu; struct bpf_prog *prog; }; and struct bpf_prog { u32 jited:1, len:31; struct sock_fprog_kern *orig_prog; unsigned int (*bpf_func)(const struct sk_buff *skb, const struct bpf_insn *filter); union { struct sock_filter insns[0]; struct bpf_insn insnsi[0]; struct work_struct work; }; }; so that 'struct bpf_prog' can be used independent of sockets and cleans up 'unattached' bpf use cases split SK_RUN_FILTER macro into: SK_RUN_FILTER to be used with 'struct sk_filter *' and BPF_PROG_RUN to be used with 'struct bpf_prog *' __sk_filter_release(struct sk_filter *) gains __bpf_prog_release(struct bpf_prog *) helper function also perform related renames for the functions that work with 'struct bpf_prog *', since they're on the same lines: sk_filter_size -> bpf_prog_size sk_filter_select_runtime -> bpf_prog_select_runtime sk_filter_free -> bpf_prog_free sk_unattached_filter_create -> bpf_prog_create sk_unattached_filter_destroy -> bpf_prog_destroy sk_store_orig_filter -> bpf_prog_store_orig_filter sk_release_orig_filter -> bpf_release_orig_filter __sk_migrate_filter -> bpf_migrate_filter __sk_prepare_filter -> bpf_prepare_filter API for attaching classic BPF to a socket stays the same: sk_attach_filter(prog, struct sock *)/sk_detach_filter(struct sock *) and SK_RUN_FILTER(struct sk_filter *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by sockets, tun, af_packet API for 'unattached' BPF programs becomes: bpf_prog_create(struct bpf_prog **)/bpf_prog_destroy(struct bpf_prog *) and BPF_PROG_RUN(struct bpf_prog *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by isdn, ppp, team, seccomp, ptp, xt_bpf, cls_bpf, test_bpf Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-07-31 11:34:16 +08:00
struct sk_filter {
atomic_t refcnt;
struct rcu_head rcu;
struct bpf_prog *prog;
};
#define BPF_PROG_RUN(filter, ctx) (*filter->bpf_func)(ctx, filter->insnsi)
#define BPF_SKB_CB_LEN QDISC_CB_PRIV_LEN
struct bpf_skb_data_end {
struct qdisc_skb_cb qdisc_cb;
void *data_end;
};
struct xdp_buff {
void *data;
void *data_end;
void *data_hard_start;
};
/* compute the linear packet data range [data, data_end) which
* will be accessed by cls_bpf, act_bpf and lwt programs
*/
static inline void bpf_compute_data_end(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
struct bpf_skb_data_end *cb = (struct bpf_skb_data_end *)skb->cb;
BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*cb) > FIELD_SIZEOF(struct sk_buff, cb));
cb->data_end = skb->data + skb_headlen(skb);
}
static inline u8 *bpf_skb_cb(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
/* eBPF programs may read/write skb->cb[] area to transfer meta
* data between tail calls. Since this also needs to work with
* tc, that scratch memory is mapped to qdisc_skb_cb's data area.
*
* In some socket filter cases, the cb unfortunately needs to be
* saved/restored so that protocol specific skb->cb[] data won't
* be lost. In any case, due to unpriviledged eBPF programs
* attached to sockets, we need to clear the bpf_skb_cb() area
* to not leak previous contents to user space.
*/
BUILD_BUG_ON(FIELD_SIZEOF(struct __sk_buff, cb) != BPF_SKB_CB_LEN);
BUILD_BUG_ON(FIELD_SIZEOF(struct __sk_buff, cb) !=
FIELD_SIZEOF(struct qdisc_skb_cb, data));
return qdisc_skb_cb(skb)->data;
}
static inline u32 bpf_prog_run_save_cb(const struct bpf_prog *prog,
struct sk_buff *skb)
{
u8 *cb_data = bpf_skb_cb(skb);
u8 cb_saved[BPF_SKB_CB_LEN];
u32 res;
if (unlikely(prog->cb_access)) {
memcpy(cb_saved, cb_data, sizeof(cb_saved));
memset(cb_data, 0, sizeof(cb_saved));
}
res = BPF_PROG_RUN(prog, skb);
if (unlikely(prog->cb_access))
memcpy(cb_data, cb_saved, sizeof(cb_saved));
return res;
}
static inline u32 bpf_prog_run_clear_cb(const struct bpf_prog *prog,
struct sk_buff *skb)
{
u8 *cb_data = bpf_skb_cb(skb);
if (unlikely(prog->cb_access))
memset(cb_data, 0, BPF_SKB_CB_LEN);
return BPF_PROG_RUN(prog, skb);
}
static __always_inline u32 bpf_prog_run_xdp(const struct bpf_prog *prog,
struct xdp_buff *xdp)
{
/* Caller needs to hold rcu_read_lock() (!), otherwise program
* can be released while still running, or map elements could be
* freed early while still having concurrent users. XDP fastpath
* already takes rcu_read_lock() when fetching the program, so
* it's not necessary here anymore.
*/
return BPF_PROG_RUN(prog, xdp);
}
static inline u32 bpf_prog_insn_size(const struct bpf_prog *prog)
{
return prog->len * sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
}
bpf: rework prog_digest into prog_tag Commit 7bd509e311f4 ("bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via fdinfo/netlink") was recently discussed, partially due to admittedly suboptimal name of "prog_digest" in combination with sha1 hash usage, thus inevitably and rightfully concerns about its security in terms of collision resistance were raised with regards to use-cases. The intended use cases are for debugging resp. introspection only for providing a stable "tag" over the instruction sequence that both kernel and user space can calculate independently. It's not usable at all for making a security relevant decision. So collisions where two different instruction sequences generate the same tag can happen, but ideally at a rather low rate. The "tag" will be dumped in hex and is short enough to introspect in tracepoints or kallsyms output along with other data such as stack trace, etc. Thus, this patch performs a rename into prog_tag and truncates the tag to a short output (64 bits) to make it obvious it's not collision-free. Should in future a hash or facility be needed with a security relevant focus, then we can think about requirements, constraints, etc that would fit to that situation. For now, rework the exposed parts for the current use cases as long as nothing has been released yet. Tested on x86_64 and s390x. Fixes: 7bd509e311f4 ("bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via fdinfo/netlink") Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2017-01-14 06:38:15 +08:00
static inline u32 bpf_prog_tag_scratch_size(const struct bpf_prog *prog)
{
return round_up(bpf_prog_insn_size(prog) +
sizeof(__be64) + 1, SHA_MESSAGE_BYTES);
}
net: filter: split 'struct sk_filter' into socket and bpf parts clean up names related to socket filtering and bpf in the following way: - everything that deals with sockets keeps 'sk_*' prefix - everything that is pure BPF is changed to 'bpf_*' prefix split 'struct sk_filter' into struct sk_filter { atomic_t refcnt; struct rcu_head rcu; struct bpf_prog *prog; }; and struct bpf_prog { u32 jited:1, len:31; struct sock_fprog_kern *orig_prog; unsigned int (*bpf_func)(const struct sk_buff *skb, const struct bpf_insn *filter); union { struct sock_filter insns[0]; struct bpf_insn insnsi[0]; struct work_struct work; }; }; so that 'struct bpf_prog' can be used independent of sockets and cleans up 'unattached' bpf use cases split SK_RUN_FILTER macro into: SK_RUN_FILTER to be used with 'struct sk_filter *' and BPF_PROG_RUN to be used with 'struct bpf_prog *' __sk_filter_release(struct sk_filter *) gains __bpf_prog_release(struct bpf_prog *) helper function also perform related renames for the functions that work with 'struct bpf_prog *', since they're on the same lines: sk_filter_size -> bpf_prog_size sk_filter_select_runtime -> bpf_prog_select_runtime sk_filter_free -> bpf_prog_free sk_unattached_filter_create -> bpf_prog_create sk_unattached_filter_destroy -> bpf_prog_destroy sk_store_orig_filter -> bpf_prog_store_orig_filter sk_release_orig_filter -> bpf_release_orig_filter __sk_migrate_filter -> bpf_migrate_filter __sk_prepare_filter -> bpf_prepare_filter API for attaching classic BPF to a socket stays the same: sk_attach_filter(prog, struct sock *)/sk_detach_filter(struct sock *) and SK_RUN_FILTER(struct sk_filter *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by sockets, tun, af_packet API for 'unattached' BPF programs becomes: bpf_prog_create(struct bpf_prog **)/bpf_prog_destroy(struct bpf_prog *) and BPF_PROG_RUN(struct bpf_prog *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by isdn, ppp, team, seccomp, ptp, xt_bpf, cls_bpf, test_bpf Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-07-31 11:34:16 +08:00
static inline unsigned int bpf_prog_size(unsigned int proglen)
{
net: filter: split 'struct sk_filter' into socket and bpf parts clean up names related to socket filtering and bpf in the following way: - everything that deals with sockets keeps 'sk_*' prefix - everything that is pure BPF is changed to 'bpf_*' prefix split 'struct sk_filter' into struct sk_filter { atomic_t refcnt; struct rcu_head rcu; struct bpf_prog *prog; }; and struct bpf_prog { u32 jited:1, len:31; struct sock_fprog_kern *orig_prog; unsigned int (*bpf_func)(const struct sk_buff *skb, const struct bpf_insn *filter); union { struct sock_filter insns[0]; struct bpf_insn insnsi[0]; struct work_struct work; }; }; so that 'struct bpf_prog' can be used independent of sockets and cleans up 'unattached' bpf use cases split SK_RUN_FILTER macro into: SK_RUN_FILTER to be used with 'struct sk_filter *' and BPF_PROG_RUN to be used with 'struct bpf_prog *' __sk_filter_release(struct sk_filter *) gains __bpf_prog_release(struct bpf_prog *) helper function also perform related renames for the functions that work with 'struct bpf_prog *', since they're on the same lines: sk_filter_size -> bpf_prog_size sk_filter_select_runtime -> bpf_prog_select_runtime sk_filter_free -> bpf_prog_free sk_unattached_filter_create -> bpf_prog_create sk_unattached_filter_destroy -> bpf_prog_destroy sk_store_orig_filter -> bpf_prog_store_orig_filter sk_release_orig_filter -> bpf_release_orig_filter __sk_migrate_filter -> bpf_migrate_filter __sk_prepare_filter -> bpf_prepare_filter API for attaching classic BPF to a socket stays the same: sk_attach_filter(prog, struct sock *)/sk_detach_filter(struct sock *) and SK_RUN_FILTER(struct sk_filter *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by sockets, tun, af_packet API for 'unattached' BPF programs becomes: bpf_prog_create(struct bpf_prog **)/bpf_prog_destroy(struct bpf_prog *) and BPF_PROG_RUN(struct bpf_prog *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by isdn, ppp, team, seccomp, ptp, xt_bpf, cls_bpf, test_bpf Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-07-31 11:34:16 +08:00
return max(sizeof(struct bpf_prog),
offsetof(struct bpf_prog, insns[proglen]));
}
static inline bool bpf_prog_was_classic(const struct bpf_prog *prog)
{
/* When classic BPF programs have been loaded and the arch
* does not have a classic BPF JIT (anymore), they have been
* converted via bpf_migrate_filter() to eBPF and thus always
* have an unspec program type.
*/
return prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
}
#define bpf_classic_proglen(fprog) (fprog->len * sizeof(fprog->filter[0]))
net: bpf: make eBPF interpreter images read-only With eBPF getting more extended and exposure to user space is on it's way, hardening the memory range the interpreter uses to steer its command flow seems appropriate. This patch moves the to be interpreted bytecode to read-only pages. In case we execute a corrupted BPF interpreter image for some reason e.g. caused by an attacker which got past a verifier stage, it would not only provide arbitrary read/write memory access but arbitrary function calls as well. After setting up the BPF interpreter image, its contents do not change until destruction time, thus we can setup the image on immutable made pages in order to mitigate modifications to that code. The idea is derived from commit 314beb9bcabf ("x86: bpf_jit_comp: secure bpf jit against spraying attacks"). This is possible because bpf_prog is not part of sk_filter anymore. After setup bpf_prog cannot be altered during its life-time. This prevents any modifications to the entire bpf_prog structure (incl. function/JIT image pointer). Every eBPF program (including classic BPF that are migrated) have to call bpf_prog_select_runtime() to select either interpreter or a JIT image as a last setup step, and they all are being freed via bpf_prog_free(), including non-JIT. Therefore, we can easily integrate this into the eBPF life-time, plus since we directly allocate a bpf_prog, we have no performance penalty. Tested with seccomp and test_bpf testsuite in JIT/non-JIT mode and manual inspection of kernel_page_tables. Brad Spengler proposed the same idea via Twitter during development of this patch. Joint work with Hannes Frederic Sowa. Suggested-by: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-09-03 04:53:44 +08:00
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX
static inline void bpf_prog_lock_ro(struct bpf_prog *fp)
{
set_memory_ro((unsigned long)fp, fp->pages);
}
static inline void bpf_prog_unlock_ro(struct bpf_prog *fp)
{
set_memory_rw((unsigned long)fp, fp->pages);
}
#else
static inline void bpf_prog_lock_ro(struct bpf_prog *fp)
{
}
static inline void bpf_prog_unlock_ro(struct bpf_prog *fp)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX */
int sk_filter_trim_cap(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, unsigned int cap);
static inline int sk_filter(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
return sk_filter_trim_cap(sk, skb, 1);
}
net: filter: rework/optimize internal BPF interpreter's instruction set This patch replaces/reworks the kernel-internal BPF interpreter with an optimized BPF instruction set format that is modelled closer to mimic native instruction sets and is designed to be JITed with one to one mapping. Thus, the new interpreter is noticeably faster than the current implementation of sk_run_filter(); mainly for two reasons: 1. Fall-through jumps: BPF jump instructions are forced to go either 'true' or 'false' branch which causes branch-miss penalty. The new BPF jump instructions have only one branch and fall-through otherwise, which fits the CPU branch predictor logic better. `perf stat` shows drastic difference for branch-misses between the old and new code. 2. Jump-threaded implementation of interpreter vs switch statement: Instead of single table-jump at the top of 'switch' statement, gcc will now generate multiple table-jump instructions, which helps CPU branch predictor logic. Note that the verification of filters is still being done through sk_chk_filter() in classical BPF format, so filters from user- or kernel space are verified in the same way as we do now, and same restrictions/constraints hold as well. We reuse current BPF JIT compilers in a way that this upgrade would even be fine as is, but nevertheless allows for a successive upgrade of BPF JIT compilers to the new format. The internal instruction set migration is being done after the probing for JIT compilation, so in case JIT compilers are able to create a native opcode image, we're going to use that, and in all other cases we're doing a follow-up migration of the BPF program's instruction set, so that it can be transparently run in the new interpreter. In short, the *internal* format extends BPF in the following way (more details can be taken from the appended documentation): - Number of registers increase from 2 to 10 - Register width increases from 32-bit to 64-bit - Conditional jt/jf targets replaced with jt/fall-through - Adds signed > and >= insns - 16 4-byte stack slots for register spill-fill replaced with up to 512 bytes of multi-use stack space - Introduction of bpf_call insn and register passing convention for zero overhead calls from/to other kernel functions - Adds arithmetic right shift and endianness conversion insns - Adds atomic_add insn - Old tax/txa insns are replaced with 'mov dst,src' insn Performance of two BPF filters generated by libpcap resp. bpf_asm was measured on x86_64, i386 and arm32 (other libpcap programs have similar performance differences): fprog #1 is taken from Documentation/networking/filter.txt: tcpdump -i eth0 port 22 -dd fprog #2 is taken from 'man tcpdump': tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 22 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)' -dd Raw performance data from BPF micro-benchmark: SK_RUN_FILTER on the same SKB (cache-hit) or 10k SKBs (cache-miss); time in ns per call, smaller is better: --x86_64-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 90 101 192 202 new BPF 31 71 47 97 old BPF jit 12 34 17 44 new BPF jit TBD --i386-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 107 136 227 252 new BPF 40 119 69 172 --arm32-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 202 300 475 540 new BPF 180 270 330 470 old BPF jit 26 182 37 202 new BPF jit TBD Thus, without changing any userland BPF filters, applications on top of AF_PACKET (or other families) such as libpcap/tcpdump, cls_bpf classifier, netfilter's xt_bpf, team driver's load-balancing mode, and many more will have better interpreter filtering performance. While we are replacing the internal BPF interpreter, we also need to convert seccomp BPF in the same step to make use of the new internal structure since it makes use of lower-level API details without being further decoupled through higher-level calls like sk_unattached_filter_{create,destroy}(), for example. Just as for normal socket filtering, also seccomp BPF experiences a time-to-verdict speedup: 05-sim-long_jumps.c of libseccomp was used as micro-benchmark: seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... rc = seccomp_load(ctx); for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) syscall(199, 100); 'short filter' has 2 rules 'large filter' has 200 rules 'short filter' performance is slightly better on x86_64/i386/arm32 'large filter' is much faster on x86_64 and i386 and shows no difference on arm32 --x86_64-- short filter old BPF: 2.7 sec 39.12% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 8.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 6.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 5.59% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 4.37% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_off_caller 3.70% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.67% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] lock_is_held 3.03% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load new BPF: 2.58 sec 42.05% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 6.91% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 6.07% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 5.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp --arm32-- short filter old BPF: 4.0 sec 39.92% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 16.60% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 14.66% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 5.42% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 5.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing new BPF: 3.7 sec 35.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 21.89% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 13.45% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.96% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] syscall_trace_exit --x86_64-- large filter old BPF: 8.6 seconds 73.38% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.70% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 5.09% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.97% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call new BPF: 5.7 seconds 66.20% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 16.75% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 3.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 2.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing --i386-- large filter old BPF: 5.4 sec new BPF: 3.8 sec --arm32-- large filter old BPF: 13.5 sec 73.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.29% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 6.46% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 2.94% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.19% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.87% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid new BPF: 13.5 sec 76.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 10.98% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 5.87% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 1.77% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid BPF filters generated by seccomp are very branchy, so the new internal BPF performance is better than the old one. Performance gains will be even higher when BPF JIT is committed for the new structure, which is planned in future work (as successive JIT migrations). BPF has also been stress-tested with trinity's BPF fuzzer. Joint work with Daniel Borkmann. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Cc: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-03-29 01:58:25 +08:00
struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog_select_runtime(struct bpf_prog *fp, int *err);
net: filter: split 'struct sk_filter' into socket and bpf parts clean up names related to socket filtering and bpf in the following way: - everything that deals with sockets keeps 'sk_*' prefix - everything that is pure BPF is changed to 'bpf_*' prefix split 'struct sk_filter' into struct sk_filter { atomic_t refcnt; struct rcu_head rcu; struct bpf_prog *prog; }; and struct bpf_prog { u32 jited:1, len:31; struct sock_fprog_kern *orig_prog; unsigned int (*bpf_func)(const struct sk_buff *skb, const struct bpf_insn *filter); union { struct sock_filter insns[0]; struct bpf_insn insnsi[0]; struct work_struct work; }; }; so that 'struct bpf_prog' can be used independent of sockets and cleans up 'unattached' bpf use cases split SK_RUN_FILTER macro into: SK_RUN_FILTER to be used with 'struct sk_filter *' and BPF_PROG_RUN to be used with 'struct bpf_prog *' __sk_filter_release(struct sk_filter *) gains __bpf_prog_release(struct bpf_prog *) helper function also perform related renames for the functions that work with 'struct bpf_prog *', since they're on the same lines: sk_filter_size -> bpf_prog_size sk_filter_select_runtime -> bpf_prog_select_runtime sk_filter_free -> bpf_prog_free sk_unattached_filter_create -> bpf_prog_create sk_unattached_filter_destroy -> bpf_prog_destroy sk_store_orig_filter -> bpf_prog_store_orig_filter sk_release_orig_filter -> bpf_release_orig_filter __sk_migrate_filter -> bpf_migrate_filter __sk_prepare_filter -> bpf_prepare_filter API for attaching classic BPF to a socket stays the same: sk_attach_filter(prog, struct sock *)/sk_detach_filter(struct sock *) and SK_RUN_FILTER(struct sk_filter *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by sockets, tun, af_packet API for 'unattached' BPF programs becomes: bpf_prog_create(struct bpf_prog **)/bpf_prog_destroy(struct bpf_prog *) and BPF_PROG_RUN(struct bpf_prog *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by isdn, ppp, team, seccomp, ptp, xt_bpf, cls_bpf, test_bpf Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-07-31 11:34:16 +08:00
void bpf_prog_free(struct bpf_prog *fp);
net: filter: rework/optimize internal BPF interpreter's instruction set This patch replaces/reworks the kernel-internal BPF interpreter with an optimized BPF instruction set format that is modelled closer to mimic native instruction sets and is designed to be JITed with one to one mapping. Thus, the new interpreter is noticeably faster than the current implementation of sk_run_filter(); mainly for two reasons: 1. Fall-through jumps: BPF jump instructions are forced to go either 'true' or 'false' branch which causes branch-miss penalty. The new BPF jump instructions have only one branch and fall-through otherwise, which fits the CPU branch predictor logic better. `perf stat` shows drastic difference for branch-misses between the old and new code. 2. Jump-threaded implementation of interpreter vs switch statement: Instead of single table-jump at the top of 'switch' statement, gcc will now generate multiple table-jump instructions, which helps CPU branch predictor logic. Note that the verification of filters is still being done through sk_chk_filter() in classical BPF format, so filters from user- or kernel space are verified in the same way as we do now, and same restrictions/constraints hold as well. We reuse current BPF JIT compilers in a way that this upgrade would even be fine as is, but nevertheless allows for a successive upgrade of BPF JIT compilers to the new format. The internal instruction set migration is being done after the probing for JIT compilation, so in case JIT compilers are able to create a native opcode image, we're going to use that, and in all other cases we're doing a follow-up migration of the BPF program's instruction set, so that it can be transparently run in the new interpreter. In short, the *internal* format extends BPF in the following way (more details can be taken from the appended documentation): - Number of registers increase from 2 to 10 - Register width increases from 32-bit to 64-bit - Conditional jt/jf targets replaced with jt/fall-through - Adds signed > and >= insns - 16 4-byte stack slots for register spill-fill replaced with up to 512 bytes of multi-use stack space - Introduction of bpf_call insn and register passing convention for zero overhead calls from/to other kernel functions - Adds arithmetic right shift and endianness conversion insns - Adds atomic_add insn - Old tax/txa insns are replaced with 'mov dst,src' insn Performance of two BPF filters generated by libpcap resp. bpf_asm was measured on x86_64, i386 and arm32 (other libpcap programs have similar performance differences): fprog #1 is taken from Documentation/networking/filter.txt: tcpdump -i eth0 port 22 -dd fprog #2 is taken from 'man tcpdump': tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 22 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)' -dd Raw performance data from BPF micro-benchmark: SK_RUN_FILTER on the same SKB (cache-hit) or 10k SKBs (cache-miss); time in ns per call, smaller is better: --x86_64-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 90 101 192 202 new BPF 31 71 47 97 old BPF jit 12 34 17 44 new BPF jit TBD --i386-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 107 136 227 252 new BPF 40 119 69 172 --arm32-- fprog #1 fprog #1 fprog #2 fprog #2 cache-hit cache-miss cache-hit cache-miss old BPF 202 300 475 540 new BPF 180 270 330 470 old BPF jit 26 182 37 202 new BPF jit TBD Thus, without changing any userland BPF filters, applications on top of AF_PACKET (or other families) such as libpcap/tcpdump, cls_bpf classifier, netfilter's xt_bpf, team driver's load-balancing mode, and many more will have better interpreter filtering performance. While we are replacing the internal BPF interpreter, we also need to convert seccomp BPF in the same step to make use of the new internal structure since it makes use of lower-level API details without being further decoupled through higher-level calls like sk_unattached_filter_{create,destroy}(), for example. Just as for normal socket filtering, also seccomp BPF experiences a time-to-verdict speedup: 05-sim-long_jumps.c of libseccomp was used as micro-benchmark: seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... seccomp_rule_add_exact(ctx,... rc = seccomp_load(ctx); for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) syscall(199, 100); 'short filter' has 2 rules 'large filter' has 200 rules 'short filter' performance is slightly better on x86_64/i386/arm32 'large filter' is much faster on x86_64 and i386 and shows no difference on arm32 --x86_64-- short filter old BPF: 2.7 sec 39.12% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 8.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 6.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 5.59% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 4.37% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_off_caller 3.70% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.67% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] lock_is_held 3.03% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load new BPF: 2.58 sec 42.05% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 6.91% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] trace_hardirqs_on_caller 6.07% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 5.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp --arm32-- short filter old BPF: 4.0 sec 39.92% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 16.60% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 14.66% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 5.42% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 5.10% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing new BPF: 3.7 sec 35.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 21.89% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 13.45% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 6.25% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 3.96% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] syscall_trace_exit --x86_64-- large filter old BPF: 8.6 seconds 73.38% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.70% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 5.09% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.97% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call new BPF: 5.7 seconds 66.20% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 16.75% bench libc-2.15.so [.] syscall 3.31% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] system_call 2.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing --i386-- large filter old BPF: 5.4 sec new BPF: 3.8 sec --arm32-- large filter old BPF: 13.5 sec 73.88% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter 10.29% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 6.46% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 2.94% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seccomp_bpf_load 1.19% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.87% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid new BPF: 13.5 sec 76.08% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sk_run_filter_int_seccomp 10.98% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vector_swi 5.87% bench libc-2.17.so [.] syscall 1.77% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __secure_computing 0.93% bench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_getuid BPF filters generated by seccomp are very branchy, so the new internal BPF performance is better than the old one. Performance gains will be even higher when BPF JIT is committed for the new structure, which is planned in future work (as successive JIT migrations). BPF has also been stress-tested with trinity's BPF fuzzer. Joint work with Daniel Borkmann. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Cc: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-03-29 01:58:25 +08:00
net: bpf: make eBPF interpreter images read-only With eBPF getting more extended and exposure to user space is on it's way, hardening the memory range the interpreter uses to steer its command flow seems appropriate. This patch moves the to be interpreted bytecode to read-only pages. In case we execute a corrupted BPF interpreter image for some reason e.g. caused by an attacker which got past a verifier stage, it would not only provide arbitrary read/write memory access but arbitrary function calls as well. After setting up the BPF interpreter image, its contents do not change until destruction time, thus we can setup the image on immutable made pages in order to mitigate modifications to that code. The idea is derived from commit 314beb9bcabf ("x86: bpf_jit_comp: secure bpf jit against spraying attacks"). This is possible because bpf_prog is not part of sk_filter anymore. After setup bpf_prog cannot be altered during its life-time. This prevents any modifications to the entire bpf_prog structure (incl. function/JIT image pointer). Every eBPF program (including classic BPF that are migrated) have to call bpf_prog_select_runtime() to select either interpreter or a JIT image as a last setup step, and they all are being freed via bpf_prog_free(), including non-JIT. Therefore, we can easily integrate this into the eBPF life-time, plus since we directly allocate a bpf_prog, we have no performance penalty. Tested with seccomp and test_bpf testsuite in JIT/non-JIT mode and manual inspection of kernel_page_tables. Brad Spengler proposed the same idea via Twitter during development of this patch. Joint work with Hannes Frederic Sowa. Suggested-by: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-09-03 04:53:44 +08:00
struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog_alloc(unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp_extra_flags);
struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog_realloc(struct bpf_prog *fp_old, unsigned int size,
gfp_t gfp_extra_flags);
void __bpf_prog_free(struct bpf_prog *fp);
static inline void bpf_prog_unlock_free(struct bpf_prog *fp)
{
bpf_prog_unlock_ro(fp);
__bpf_prog_free(fp);
}
typedef int (*bpf_aux_classic_check_t)(struct sock_filter *filter,
unsigned int flen);
net: filter: split 'struct sk_filter' into socket and bpf parts clean up names related to socket filtering and bpf in the following way: - everything that deals with sockets keeps 'sk_*' prefix - everything that is pure BPF is changed to 'bpf_*' prefix split 'struct sk_filter' into struct sk_filter { atomic_t refcnt; struct rcu_head rcu; struct bpf_prog *prog; }; and struct bpf_prog { u32 jited:1, len:31; struct sock_fprog_kern *orig_prog; unsigned int (*bpf_func)(const struct sk_buff *skb, const struct bpf_insn *filter); union { struct sock_filter insns[0]; struct bpf_insn insnsi[0]; struct work_struct work; }; }; so that 'struct bpf_prog' can be used independent of sockets and cleans up 'unattached' bpf use cases split SK_RUN_FILTER macro into: SK_RUN_FILTER to be used with 'struct sk_filter *' and BPF_PROG_RUN to be used with 'struct bpf_prog *' __sk_filter_release(struct sk_filter *) gains __bpf_prog_release(struct bpf_prog *) helper function also perform related renames for the functions that work with 'struct bpf_prog *', since they're on the same lines: sk_filter_size -> bpf_prog_size sk_filter_select_runtime -> bpf_prog_select_runtime sk_filter_free -> bpf_prog_free sk_unattached_filter_create -> bpf_prog_create sk_unattached_filter_destroy -> bpf_prog_destroy sk_store_orig_filter -> bpf_prog_store_orig_filter sk_release_orig_filter -> bpf_release_orig_filter __sk_migrate_filter -> bpf_migrate_filter __sk_prepare_filter -> bpf_prepare_filter API for attaching classic BPF to a socket stays the same: sk_attach_filter(prog, struct sock *)/sk_detach_filter(struct sock *) and SK_RUN_FILTER(struct sk_filter *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by sockets, tun, af_packet API for 'unattached' BPF programs becomes: bpf_prog_create(struct bpf_prog **)/bpf_prog_destroy(struct bpf_prog *) and BPF_PROG_RUN(struct bpf_prog *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by isdn, ppp, team, seccomp, ptp, xt_bpf, cls_bpf, test_bpf Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-07-31 11:34:16 +08:00
int bpf_prog_create(struct bpf_prog **pfp, struct sock_fprog_kern *fprog);
int bpf_prog_create_from_user(struct bpf_prog **pfp, struct sock_fprog *fprog,
bpf_aux_classic_check_t trans, bool save_orig);
net: filter: split 'struct sk_filter' into socket and bpf parts clean up names related to socket filtering and bpf in the following way: - everything that deals with sockets keeps 'sk_*' prefix - everything that is pure BPF is changed to 'bpf_*' prefix split 'struct sk_filter' into struct sk_filter { atomic_t refcnt; struct rcu_head rcu; struct bpf_prog *prog; }; and struct bpf_prog { u32 jited:1, len:31; struct sock_fprog_kern *orig_prog; unsigned int (*bpf_func)(const struct sk_buff *skb, const struct bpf_insn *filter); union { struct sock_filter insns[0]; struct bpf_insn insnsi[0]; struct work_struct work; }; }; so that 'struct bpf_prog' can be used independent of sockets and cleans up 'unattached' bpf use cases split SK_RUN_FILTER macro into: SK_RUN_FILTER to be used with 'struct sk_filter *' and BPF_PROG_RUN to be used with 'struct bpf_prog *' __sk_filter_release(struct sk_filter *) gains __bpf_prog_release(struct bpf_prog *) helper function also perform related renames for the functions that work with 'struct bpf_prog *', since they're on the same lines: sk_filter_size -> bpf_prog_size sk_filter_select_runtime -> bpf_prog_select_runtime sk_filter_free -> bpf_prog_free sk_unattached_filter_create -> bpf_prog_create sk_unattached_filter_destroy -> bpf_prog_destroy sk_store_orig_filter -> bpf_prog_store_orig_filter sk_release_orig_filter -> bpf_release_orig_filter __sk_migrate_filter -> bpf_migrate_filter __sk_prepare_filter -> bpf_prepare_filter API for attaching classic BPF to a socket stays the same: sk_attach_filter(prog, struct sock *)/sk_detach_filter(struct sock *) and SK_RUN_FILTER(struct sk_filter *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by sockets, tun, af_packet API for 'unattached' BPF programs becomes: bpf_prog_create(struct bpf_prog **)/bpf_prog_destroy(struct bpf_prog *) and BPF_PROG_RUN(struct bpf_prog *, ctx) to execute a program which is used by isdn, ppp, team, seccomp, ptp, xt_bpf, cls_bpf, test_bpf Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-07-31 11:34:16 +08:00
void bpf_prog_destroy(struct bpf_prog *fp);
int sk_attach_filter(struct sock_fprog *fprog, struct sock *sk);
int sk_attach_bpf(u32 ufd, struct sock *sk);
int sk_reuseport_attach_filter(struct sock_fprog *fprog, struct sock *sk);
int sk_reuseport_attach_bpf(u32 ufd, struct sock *sk);
int sk_detach_filter(struct sock *sk);
int sk_get_filter(struct sock *sk, struct sock_filter __user *filter,
unsigned int len);
bool sk_filter_charge(struct sock *sk, struct sk_filter *fp);
void sk_filter_uncharge(struct sock *sk, struct sk_filter *fp);
net: filter: Just In Time compiler for x86-64 In order to speedup packet filtering, here is an implementation of a JIT compiler for x86_64 It is disabled by default, and must be enabled by the admin. echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable It uses module_alloc() and module_free() to get memory in the 2GB text kernel range since we call helpers functions from the generated code. EAX : BPF A accumulator EBX : BPF X accumulator RDI : pointer to skb (first argument given to JIT function) RBP : frame pointer (even if CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER=n) r9d : skb->len - skb->data_len (headlen) r8 : skb->data To get a trace of generated code, use : echo 2 >/proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable Example of generated code : # tcpdump -p -n -s 0 -i eth1 host 192.168.20.0/24 flen=18 proglen=147 pass=3 image=ffffffffa00b5000 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5000: 55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 60 48 89 5d f8 44 8b 4f 60 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5010: 44 2b 4f 64 4c 8b 87 b8 00 00 00 be 0c 00 00 00 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5020: e8 24 7b f7 e0 3d 00 08 00 00 75 28 be 1a 00 00 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5030: 00 e8 fe 7a f7 e0 24 00 3d 00 14 a8 c0 74 49 be JIT code: ffffffffa00b5040: 1e 00 00 00 e8 eb 7a f7 e0 24 00 3d 00 14 a8 c0 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5050: 74 36 eb 3b 3d 06 08 00 00 74 07 3d 35 80 00 00 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5060: 75 2d be 1c 00 00 00 e8 c8 7a f7 e0 24 00 3d 00 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5070: 14 a8 c0 74 13 be 26 00 00 00 e8 b5 7a f7 e0 24 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5080: 00 3d 00 14 a8 c0 75 07 b8 ff ff 00 00 eb 02 31 JIT code: ffffffffa00b5090: c0 c9 c3 BPF program is 144 bytes long, so native program is almost same size ;) (000) ldh [12] (001) jeq #0x800 jt 2 jf 8 (002) ld [26] (003) and #0xffffff00 (004) jeq #0xc0a81400 jt 16 jf 5 (005) ld [30] (006) and #0xffffff00 (007) jeq #0xc0a81400 jt 16 jf 17 (008) jeq #0x806 jt 10 jf 9 (009) jeq #0x8035 jt 10 jf 17 (010) ld [28] (011) and #0xffffff00 (012) jeq #0xc0a81400 jt 16 jf 13 (013) ld [38] (014) and #0xffffff00 (015) jeq #0xc0a81400 jt 16 jf 17 (016) ret #65535 (017) ret #0 Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org> Cc: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com> Cc: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2011-04-20 17:27:32 +08:00
net: filter: x86: internal BPF JIT Maps all internal BPF instructions into x86_64 instructions. This patch replaces original BPF x64 JIT with internal BPF x64 JIT. sysctl net.core.bpf_jit_enable is reused as on/off switch. Performance: 1. old BPF JIT and internal BPF JIT generate equivalent x86_64 code. No performance difference is observed for filters that were JIT-able before Example assembler code for BPF filter "tcpdump port 22" original BPF -> old JIT: original BPF -> internal BPF -> new JIT: 0: push %rbp 0: push %rbp 1: mov %rsp,%rbp 1: mov %rsp,%rbp 4: sub $0x60,%rsp 4: sub $0x228,%rsp 8: mov %rbx,-0x8(%rbp) b: mov %rbx,-0x228(%rbp) // prologue 12: mov %r13,-0x220(%rbp) 19: mov %r14,-0x218(%rbp) 20: mov %r15,-0x210(%rbp) 27: xor %eax,%eax // clear A c: xor %ebx,%ebx 29: xor %r13,%r13 // clear X e: mov 0x68(%rdi),%r9d 2c: mov 0x68(%rdi),%r9d 12: sub 0x6c(%rdi),%r9d 30: sub 0x6c(%rdi),%r9d 16: mov 0xd8(%rdi),%r8 34: mov 0xd8(%rdi),%r10 3b: mov %rdi,%rbx 1d: mov $0xc,%esi 3e: mov $0xc,%esi 22: callq 0xffffffffe1021e15 43: callq 0xffffffffe102bd75 27: cmp $0x86dd,%eax 48: cmp $0x86dd,%rax 2c: jne 0x0000000000000069 4f: jne 0x000000000000009a 2e: mov $0x14,%esi 51: mov $0x14,%esi 33: callq 0xffffffffe1021e31 56: callq 0xffffffffe102bd91 38: cmp $0x84,%eax 5b: cmp $0x84,%rax 3d: je 0x0000000000000049 62: je 0x0000000000000074 3f: cmp $0x6,%eax 64: cmp $0x6,%rax 42: je 0x0000000000000049 68: je 0x0000000000000074 44: cmp $0x11,%eax 6a: cmp $0x11,%rax 47: jne 0x00000000000000c6 6e: jne 0x0000000000000117 49: mov $0x36,%esi 74: mov $0x36,%esi 4e: callq 0xffffffffe1021e15 79: callq 0xffffffffe102bd75 53: cmp $0x16,%eax 7e: cmp $0x16,%rax 56: je 0x00000000000000bf 82: je 0x0000000000000110 58: mov $0x38,%esi 88: mov $0x38,%esi 5d: callq 0xffffffffe1021e15 8d: callq 0xffffffffe102bd75 62: cmp $0x16,%eax 92: cmp $0x16,%rax 65: je 0x00000000000000bf 96: je 0x0000000000000110 67: jmp 0x00000000000000c6 98: jmp 0x0000000000000117 69: cmp $0x800,%eax 9a: cmp $0x800,%rax 6e: jne 0x00000000000000c6 a1: jne 0x0000000000000117 70: mov $0x17,%esi a3: mov $0x17,%esi 75: callq 0xffffffffe1021e31 a8: callq 0xffffffffe102bd91 7a: cmp $0x84,%eax ad: cmp $0x84,%rax 7f: je 0x000000000000008b b4: je 0x00000000000000c2 81: cmp $0x6,%eax b6: cmp $0x6,%rax 84: je 0x000000000000008b ba: je 0x00000000000000c2 86: cmp $0x11,%eax bc: cmp $0x11,%rax 89: jne 0x00000000000000c6 c0: jne 0x0000000000000117 8b: mov $0x14,%esi c2: mov $0x14,%esi 90: callq 0xffffffffe1021e15 c7: callq 0xffffffffe102bd75 95: test $0x1fff,%ax cc: test $0x1fff,%rax 99: jne 0x00000000000000c6 d3: jne 0x0000000000000117 d5: mov %rax,%r14 9b: mov $0xe,%esi d8: mov $0xe,%esi a0: callq 0xffffffffe1021e44 dd: callq 0xffffffffe102bd91 // MSH e2: and $0xf,%eax e5: shl $0x2,%eax e8: mov %rax,%r13 eb: mov %r14,%rax ee: mov %r13,%rsi a5: lea 0xe(%rbx),%esi f1: add $0xe,%esi a8: callq 0xffffffffe1021e0d f4: callq 0xffffffffe102bd6d ad: cmp $0x16,%eax f9: cmp $0x16,%rax b0: je 0x00000000000000bf fd: je 0x0000000000000110 ff: mov %r13,%rsi b2: lea 0x10(%rbx),%esi 102: add $0x10,%esi b5: callq 0xffffffffe1021e0d 105: callq 0xffffffffe102bd6d ba: cmp $0x16,%eax 10a: cmp $0x16,%rax bd: jne 0x00000000000000c6 10e: jne 0x0000000000000117 bf: mov $0xffff,%eax 110: mov $0xffff,%eax c4: jmp 0x00000000000000c8 115: jmp 0x000000000000011c c6: xor %eax,%eax 117: mov $0x0,%eax c8: mov -0x8(%rbp),%rbx 11c: mov -0x228(%rbp),%rbx // epilogue cc: leaveq 123: mov -0x220(%rbp),%r13 cd: retq 12a: mov -0x218(%rbp),%r14 131: mov -0x210(%rbp),%r15 138: leaveq 139: retq On fully cached SKBs both JITed functions take 12 nsec to execute. BPF interpreter executes the program in 30 nsec. The difference in generated assembler is due to the following: Old BPF imlements LDX_MSH instruction via sk_load_byte_msh() helper function inside bpf_jit.S. New JIT removes the helper and does it explicitly, so ldx_msh cost is the same for both JITs, but generated code looks longer. New JIT has 4 registers to save, so prologue/epilogue are larger, but the cost is within noise on x64. Old JIT checks whether first insn clears A and if not emits 'xor %eax,%eax'. New JIT clears %rax unconditionally. 2. old BPF JIT doesn't support ANC_NLATTR, ANC_PAY_OFFSET, ANC_RANDOM extensions. New JIT supports all BPF extensions. Performance of such filters improves 2-4 times depending on a filter. The longer the filter the higher performance gain. Synthetic benchmarks with many ancillary loads see 20x speedup which seems to be the maximum gain from JIT Notes: . net.core.bpf_jit_enable=2 + tools/net/bpf_jit_disasm is still functional and can be used to see generated assembler . there are two jit_compile() functions and code flow for classic filters is: sk_attach_filter() - load classic BPF bpf_jit_compile() - try to JIT from classic BPF sk_convert_filter() - convert classic to internal bpf_int_jit_compile() - JIT from internal BPF seccomp and tracing filters will just call bpf_int_jit_compile() Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-05-14 10:50:46 +08:00
u64 __bpf_call_base(u64 r1, u64 r2, u64 r3, u64 r4, u64 r5);
struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *prog);
bool bpf_helper_changes_pkt_data(void *func);
net: filter: x86: internal BPF JIT Maps all internal BPF instructions into x86_64 instructions. This patch replaces original BPF x64 JIT with internal BPF x64 JIT. sysctl net.core.bpf_jit_enable is reused as on/off switch. Performance: 1. old BPF JIT and internal BPF JIT generate equivalent x86_64 code. No performance difference is observed for filters that were JIT-able before Example assembler code for BPF filter "tcpdump port 22" original BPF -> old JIT: original BPF -> internal BPF -> new JIT: 0: push %rbp 0: push %rbp 1: mov %rsp,%rbp 1: mov %rsp,%rbp 4: sub $0x60,%rsp 4: sub $0x228,%rsp 8: mov %rbx,-0x8(%rbp) b: mov %rbx,-0x228(%rbp) // prologue 12: mov %r13,-0x220(%rbp) 19: mov %r14,-0x218(%rbp) 20: mov %r15,-0x210(%rbp) 27: xor %eax,%eax // clear A c: xor %ebx,%ebx 29: xor %r13,%r13 // clear X e: mov 0x68(%rdi),%r9d 2c: mov 0x68(%rdi),%r9d 12: sub 0x6c(%rdi),%r9d 30: sub 0x6c(%rdi),%r9d 16: mov 0xd8(%rdi),%r8 34: mov 0xd8(%rdi),%r10 3b: mov %rdi,%rbx 1d: mov $0xc,%esi 3e: mov $0xc,%esi 22: callq 0xffffffffe1021e15 43: callq 0xffffffffe102bd75 27: cmp $0x86dd,%eax 48: cmp $0x86dd,%rax 2c: jne 0x0000000000000069 4f: jne 0x000000000000009a 2e: mov $0x14,%esi 51: mov $0x14,%esi 33: callq 0xffffffffe1021e31 56: callq 0xffffffffe102bd91 38: cmp $0x84,%eax 5b: cmp $0x84,%rax 3d: je 0x0000000000000049 62: je 0x0000000000000074 3f: cmp $0x6,%eax 64: cmp $0x6,%rax 42: je 0x0000000000000049 68: je 0x0000000000000074 44: cmp $0x11,%eax 6a: cmp $0x11,%rax 47: jne 0x00000000000000c6 6e: jne 0x0000000000000117 49: mov $0x36,%esi 74: mov $0x36,%esi 4e: callq 0xffffffffe1021e15 79: callq 0xffffffffe102bd75 53: cmp $0x16,%eax 7e: cmp $0x16,%rax 56: je 0x00000000000000bf 82: je 0x0000000000000110 58: mov $0x38,%esi 88: mov $0x38,%esi 5d: callq 0xffffffffe1021e15 8d: callq 0xffffffffe102bd75 62: cmp $0x16,%eax 92: cmp $0x16,%rax 65: je 0x00000000000000bf 96: je 0x0000000000000110 67: jmp 0x00000000000000c6 98: jmp 0x0000000000000117 69: cmp $0x800,%eax 9a: cmp $0x800,%rax 6e: jne 0x00000000000000c6 a1: jne 0x0000000000000117 70: mov $0x17,%esi a3: mov $0x17,%esi 75: callq 0xffffffffe1021e31 a8: callq 0xffffffffe102bd91 7a: cmp $0x84,%eax ad: cmp $0x84,%rax 7f: je 0x000000000000008b b4: je 0x00000000000000c2 81: cmp $0x6,%eax b6: cmp $0x6,%rax 84: je 0x000000000000008b ba: je 0x00000000000000c2 86: cmp $0x11,%eax bc: cmp $0x11,%rax 89: jne 0x00000000000000c6 c0: jne 0x0000000000000117 8b: mov $0x14,%esi c2: mov $0x14,%esi 90: callq 0xffffffffe1021e15 c7: callq 0xffffffffe102bd75 95: test $0x1fff,%ax cc: test $0x1fff,%rax 99: jne 0x00000000000000c6 d3: jne 0x0000000000000117 d5: mov %rax,%r14 9b: mov $0xe,%esi d8: mov $0xe,%esi a0: callq 0xffffffffe1021e44 dd: callq 0xffffffffe102bd91 // MSH e2: and $0xf,%eax e5: shl $0x2,%eax e8: mov %rax,%r13 eb: mov %r14,%rax ee: mov %r13,%rsi a5: lea 0xe(%rbx),%esi f1: add $0xe,%esi a8: callq 0xffffffffe1021e0d f4: callq 0xffffffffe102bd6d ad: cmp $0x16,%eax f9: cmp $0x16,%rax b0: je 0x00000000000000bf fd: je 0x0000000000000110 ff: mov %r13,%rsi b2: lea 0x10(%rbx),%esi 102: add $0x10,%esi b5: callq 0xffffffffe1021e0d 105: callq 0xffffffffe102bd6d ba: cmp $0x16,%eax 10a: cmp $0x16,%rax bd: jne 0x00000000000000c6 10e: jne 0x0000000000000117 bf: mov $0xffff,%eax 110: mov $0xffff,%eax c4: jmp 0x00000000000000c8 115: jmp 0x000000000000011c c6: xor %eax,%eax 117: mov $0x0,%eax c8: mov -0x8(%rbp),%rbx 11c: mov -0x228(%rbp),%rbx // epilogue cc: leaveq 123: mov -0x220(%rbp),%r13 cd: retq 12a: mov -0x218(%rbp),%r14 131: mov -0x210(%rbp),%r15 138: leaveq 139: retq On fully cached SKBs both JITed functions take 12 nsec to execute. BPF interpreter executes the program in 30 nsec. The difference in generated assembler is due to the following: Old BPF imlements LDX_MSH instruction via sk_load_byte_msh() helper function inside bpf_jit.S. New JIT removes the helper and does it explicitly, so ldx_msh cost is the same for both JITs, but generated code looks longer. New JIT has 4 registers to save, so prologue/epilogue are larger, but the cost is within noise on x64. Old JIT checks whether first insn clears A and if not emits 'xor %eax,%eax'. New JIT clears %rax unconditionally. 2. old BPF JIT doesn't support ANC_NLATTR, ANC_PAY_OFFSET, ANC_RANDOM extensions. New JIT supports all BPF extensions. Performance of such filters improves 2-4 times depending on a filter. The longer the filter the higher performance gain. Synthetic benchmarks with many ancillary loads see 20x speedup which seems to be the maximum gain from JIT Notes: . net.core.bpf_jit_enable=2 + tools/net/bpf_jit_disasm is still functional and can be used to see generated assembler . there are two jit_compile() functions and code flow for classic filters is: sk_attach_filter() - load classic BPF bpf_jit_compile() - try to JIT from classic BPF sk_convert_filter() - convert classic to internal bpf_int_jit_compile() - JIT from internal BPF seccomp and tracing filters will just call bpf_int_jit_compile() Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-05-14 10:50:46 +08:00
struct bpf_prog *bpf_patch_insn_single(struct bpf_prog *prog, u32 off,
const struct bpf_insn *patch, u32 len);
void bpf_warn_invalid_xdp_action(u32 act);
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_JIT
extern int bpf_jit_enable;
bpf: add generic constant blinding for use in jits This work adds a generic facility for use from eBPF JIT compilers that allows for further hardening of JIT generated images through blinding constants. In response to the original work on BPF JIT spraying published by Keegan McAllister [1], most BPF JITs were changed to make images read-only and start at a randomized offset in the page, where the rest was filled with trap instructions. We have this nowadays in x86, arm, arm64 and s390 JIT compilers. Additionally, later work also made eBPF interpreter images read only for kernels supporting DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX, that is, x86, arm, arm64 and s390 archs as well currently. This is done by default for mentioned JITs when JITing is enabled. Furthermore, we had a generic and configurable constant blinding facility on our todo for quite some time now to further make spraying harder, and first implementation since around netconf 2016. We found that for systems where untrusted users can load cBPF/eBPF code where JIT is enabled, start offset randomization helps a bit to make jumps into crafted payload harder, but in case where larger programs that cross page boundary are injected, we again have some part of the program opcodes at a page start offset. With improved guessing and more reliable payload injection, chances can increase to jump into such payload. Elena Reshetova recently wrote a test case for it [2, 3]. Moreover, eBPF comes with 64 bit constants, which can leave some more room for payloads. Note that for all this, additional bugs in the kernel are still required to make the jump (and of course to guess right, to not jump into a trap) and naturally the JIT must be enabled, which is disabled by default. For helping mitigation, the general idea is to provide an option bpf_jit_harden that admins can tweak along with bpf_jit_enable, so that for cases where JIT should be enabled for performance reasons, the generated image can be further hardened with blinding constants for unpriviledged users (bpf_jit_harden == 1), with trading off performance for these, but not for privileged ones. We also added the option of blinding for all users (bpf_jit_harden == 2), which is quite helpful for testing f.e. with test_bpf.ko. There are no further e.g. hardening levels of bpf_jit_harden switch intended, rationale is to have it dead simple to use as on/off. Since this functionality would need to be duplicated over and over for JIT compilers to use, which are already complex enough, we provide a generic eBPF byte-code level based blinding implementation, which is then just transparently JITed. JIT compilers need to make only a few changes to integrate this facility and can be migrated one by one. This option is for eBPF JITs and will be used in x86, arm64, s390 without too much effort, and soon ppc64 JITs, thus that native eBPF can be blinded as well as cBPF to eBPF migrations, so that both can be covered with a single implementation. The rule for JITs is that bpf_jit_blind_constants() must be called from bpf_int_jit_compile(), and in case blinding is disabled, we follow normally with JITing the passed program. In case blinding is enabled and we fail during the process of blinding itself, we must return with the interpreter. Similarly, in case the JITing process after the blinding failed, we return normally to the interpreter with the non-blinded code. Meaning, interpreter doesn't change in any way and operates on eBPF code as usual. For doing this pre-JIT blinding step, we need to make use of a helper/auxiliary register, here BPF_REG_AX. This is strictly internal to the JIT and not in any way part of the eBPF architecture. Just like in the same way as JITs internally make use of some helper registers when emitting code, only that here the helper register is one abstraction level higher in eBPF bytecode, but nevertheless in JIT phase. That helper register is needed since f.e. manually written program can issue loads to all registers of eBPF architecture. The core concept with the additional register is: blind out all 32 and 64 bit constants by converting BPF_K based instructions into a small sequence from K_VAL into ((RND ^ K_VAL) ^ RND). Therefore, this is transformed into: BPF_REG_AX := (RND ^ K_VAL), BPF_REG_AX ^= RND, and REG <OP> BPF_REG_AX, so actual operation on the target register is translated from BPF_K into BPF_X one that is operating on BPF_REG_AX's content. During rewriting phase when blinding, RND is newly generated via prandom_u32() for each processed instruction. 64 bit loads are split into two 32 bit loads to make translation and patching not too complex. Only basic thing required by JITs is to call the helper bpf_jit_blind_constants()/bpf_jit_prog_release_other() pair, and to map BPF_REG_AX into an unused register. Small bpf_jit_disasm extract from [2] when applied to x86 JIT: echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f5e9 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 3e: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 43: mov $0xa8ff3148,%eax 48: mov $0xa89081b4,%eax 4d: mov $0xa8900bb0,%eax 52: mov $0xa810e0c1,%eax 57: mov $0xa8908eb4,%eax 5c: mov $0xa89020b0,%eax [...] echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f1e5 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xe1192563,%r10d 3f: xor $0x4989b5f3,%r10d 46: mov %r10d,%eax 49: mov $0xb8296d93,%r10d 4f: xor $0x10b9fd03,%r10d 56: mov %r10d,%eax 59: mov $0x8c381146,%r10d 5f: xor $0x24c7200e,%r10d 66: mov %r10d,%eax 69: mov $0xeb2a830e,%r10d 6f: xor $0x43ba02ba,%r10d 76: mov %r10d,%eax 79: mov $0xd9730af,%r10d 7f: xor $0xa5073b1f,%r10d 86: mov %r10d,%eax 89: mov $0x9a45662b,%r10d 8f: xor $0x325586ea,%r10d 96: mov %r10d,%eax [...] As can be seen, original constants that carry payload are hidden when enabled, actual operations are transformed from constant-based to register-based ones, making jumps into constants ineffective. Above extract/example uses single BPF load instruction over and over, but of course all instructions with constants are blinded. Performance wise, JIT with blinding performs a bit slower than just JIT and faster than interpreter case. This is expected, since we still get all the performance benefits from JITing and in normal use-cases not every single instruction needs to be blinded. Summing up all 296 test cases averaged over multiple runs from test_bpf.ko suite, interpreter was 55% slower than JIT only and JIT with blinding was 8% slower than JIT only. Since there are also some extremes in the test suite, I expect for ordinary workloads that the performance for the JIT with blinding case is even closer to JIT only case, f.e. nmap test case from suite has averaged timings in ns 29 (JIT), 35 (+ blinding), and 151 (interpreter). BPF test suite, seccomp test suite, eBPF sample code and various bigger networking eBPF programs have been tested with this and were running fine. For testing purposes, I also adapted interpreter and redirected blinded eBPF image to interpreter and also here all tests pass. [1] http://mainisusuallyafunction.blogspot.com/2012/11/attacking-hardened-linux-systems-with.html [2] https://github.com/01org/jit-spray-poc-for-ksp/ [3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2016/05/03/5 Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Reviewed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-05-14 01:08:32 +08:00
extern int bpf_jit_harden;
typedef void (*bpf_jit_fill_hole_t)(void *area, unsigned int size);
struct bpf_binary_header *
bpf_jit_binary_alloc(unsigned int proglen, u8 **image_ptr,
unsigned int alignment,
bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns);
void bpf_jit_binary_free(struct bpf_binary_header *hdr);
void bpf_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *fp);
void bpf_jit_free(struct bpf_prog *fp);
bpf: add generic constant blinding for use in jits This work adds a generic facility for use from eBPF JIT compilers that allows for further hardening of JIT generated images through blinding constants. In response to the original work on BPF JIT spraying published by Keegan McAllister [1], most BPF JITs were changed to make images read-only and start at a randomized offset in the page, where the rest was filled with trap instructions. We have this nowadays in x86, arm, arm64 and s390 JIT compilers. Additionally, later work also made eBPF interpreter images read only for kernels supporting DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX, that is, x86, arm, arm64 and s390 archs as well currently. This is done by default for mentioned JITs when JITing is enabled. Furthermore, we had a generic and configurable constant blinding facility on our todo for quite some time now to further make spraying harder, and first implementation since around netconf 2016. We found that for systems where untrusted users can load cBPF/eBPF code where JIT is enabled, start offset randomization helps a bit to make jumps into crafted payload harder, but in case where larger programs that cross page boundary are injected, we again have some part of the program opcodes at a page start offset. With improved guessing and more reliable payload injection, chances can increase to jump into such payload. Elena Reshetova recently wrote a test case for it [2, 3]. Moreover, eBPF comes with 64 bit constants, which can leave some more room for payloads. Note that for all this, additional bugs in the kernel are still required to make the jump (and of course to guess right, to not jump into a trap) and naturally the JIT must be enabled, which is disabled by default. For helping mitigation, the general idea is to provide an option bpf_jit_harden that admins can tweak along with bpf_jit_enable, so that for cases where JIT should be enabled for performance reasons, the generated image can be further hardened with blinding constants for unpriviledged users (bpf_jit_harden == 1), with trading off performance for these, but not for privileged ones. We also added the option of blinding for all users (bpf_jit_harden == 2), which is quite helpful for testing f.e. with test_bpf.ko. There are no further e.g. hardening levels of bpf_jit_harden switch intended, rationale is to have it dead simple to use as on/off. Since this functionality would need to be duplicated over and over for JIT compilers to use, which are already complex enough, we provide a generic eBPF byte-code level based blinding implementation, which is then just transparently JITed. JIT compilers need to make only a few changes to integrate this facility and can be migrated one by one. This option is for eBPF JITs and will be used in x86, arm64, s390 without too much effort, and soon ppc64 JITs, thus that native eBPF can be blinded as well as cBPF to eBPF migrations, so that both can be covered with a single implementation. The rule for JITs is that bpf_jit_blind_constants() must be called from bpf_int_jit_compile(), and in case blinding is disabled, we follow normally with JITing the passed program. In case blinding is enabled and we fail during the process of blinding itself, we must return with the interpreter. Similarly, in case the JITing process after the blinding failed, we return normally to the interpreter with the non-blinded code. Meaning, interpreter doesn't change in any way and operates on eBPF code as usual. For doing this pre-JIT blinding step, we need to make use of a helper/auxiliary register, here BPF_REG_AX. This is strictly internal to the JIT and not in any way part of the eBPF architecture. Just like in the same way as JITs internally make use of some helper registers when emitting code, only that here the helper register is one abstraction level higher in eBPF bytecode, but nevertheless in JIT phase. That helper register is needed since f.e. manually written program can issue loads to all registers of eBPF architecture. The core concept with the additional register is: blind out all 32 and 64 bit constants by converting BPF_K based instructions into a small sequence from K_VAL into ((RND ^ K_VAL) ^ RND). Therefore, this is transformed into: BPF_REG_AX := (RND ^ K_VAL), BPF_REG_AX ^= RND, and REG <OP> BPF_REG_AX, so actual operation on the target register is translated from BPF_K into BPF_X one that is operating on BPF_REG_AX's content. During rewriting phase when blinding, RND is newly generated via prandom_u32() for each processed instruction. 64 bit loads are split into two 32 bit loads to make translation and patching not too complex. Only basic thing required by JITs is to call the helper bpf_jit_blind_constants()/bpf_jit_prog_release_other() pair, and to map BPF_REG_AX into an unused register. Small bpf_jit_disasm extract from [2] when applied to x86 JIT: echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f5e9 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 3e: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 43: mov $0xa8ff3148,%eax 48: mov $0xa89081b4,%eax 4d: mov $0xa8900bb0,%eax 52: mov $0xa810e0c1,%eax 57: mov $0xa8908eb4,%eax 5c: mov $0xa89020b0,%eax [...] echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f1e5 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xe1192563,%r10d 3f: xor $0x4989b5f3,%r10d 46: mov %r10d,%eax 49: mov $0xb8296d93,%r10d 4f: xor $0x10b9fd03,%r10d 56: mov %r10d,%eax 59: mov $0x8c381146,%r10d 5f: xor $0x24c7200e,%r10d 66: mov %r10d,%eax 69: mov $0xeb2a830e,%r10d 6f: xor $0x43ba02ba,%r10d 76: mov %r10d,%eax 79: mov $0xd9730af,%r10d 7f: xor $0xa5073b1f,%r10d 86: mov %r10d,%eax 89: mov $0x9a45662b,%r10d 8f: xor $0x325586ea,%r10d 96: mov %r10d,%eax [...] As can be seen, original constants that carry payload are hidden when enabled, actual operations are transformed from constant-based to register-based ones, making jumps into constants ineffective. Above extract/example uses single BPF load instruction over and over, but of course all instructions with constants are blinded. Performance wise, JIT with blinding performs a bit slower than just JIT and faster than interpreter case. This is expected, since we still get all the performance benefits from JITing and in normal use-cases not every single instruction needs to be blinded. Summing up all 296 test cases averaged over multiple runs from test_bpf.ko suite, interpreter was 55% slower than JIT only and JIT with blinding was 8% slower than JIT only. Since there are also some extremes in the test suite, I expect for ordinary workloads that the performance for the JIT with blinding case is even closer to JIT only case, f.e. nmap test case from suite has averaged timings in ns 29 (JIT), 35 (+ blinding), and 151 (interpreter). BPF test suite, seccomp test suite, eBPF sample code and various bigger networking eBPF programs have been tested with this and were running fine. For testing purposes, I also adapted interpreter and redirected blinded eBPF image to interpreter and also here all tests pass. [1] http://mainisusuallyafunction.blogspot.com/2012/11/attacking-hardened-linux-systems-with.html [2] https://github.com/01org/jit-spray-poc-for-ksp/ [3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2016/05/03/5 Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Reviewed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-05-14 01:08:32 +08:00
struct bpf_prog *bpf_jit_blind_constants(struct bpf_prog *fp);
void bpf_jit_prog_release_other(struct bpf_prog *fp, struct bpf_prog *fp_other);
static inline void bpf_jit_dump(unsigned int flen, unsigned int proglen,
u32 pass, void *image)
{
pr_err("flen=%u proglen=%u pass=%u image=%pK from=%s pid=%d\n", flen,
proglen, pass, image, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
if (image)
print_hex_dump(KERN_ERR, "JIT code: ", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET,
16, 1, image, proglen, false);
}
bpf: add generic constant blinding for use in jits This work adds a generic facility for use from eBPF JIT compilers that allows for further hardening of JIT generated images through blinding constants. In response to the original work on BPF JIT spraying published by Keegan McAllister [1], most BPF JITs were changed to make images read-only and start at a randomized offset in the page, where the rest was filled with trap instructions. We have this nowadays in x86, arm, arm64 and s390 JIT compilers. Additionally, later work also made eBPF interpreter images read only for kernels supporting DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX, that is, x86, arm, arm64 and s390 archs as well currently. This is done by default for mentioned JITs when JITing is enabled. Furthermore, we had a generic and configurable constant blinding facility on our todo for quite some time now to further make spraying harder, and first implementation since around netconf 2016. We found that for systems where untrusted users can load cBPF/eBPF code where JIT is enabled, start offset randomization helps a bit to make jumps into crafted payload harder, but in case where larger programs that cross page boundary are injected, we again have some part of the program opcodes at a page start offset. With improved guessing and more reliable payload injection, chances can increase to jump into such payload. Elena Reshetova recently wrote a test case for it [2, 3]. Moreover, eBPF comes with 64 bit constants, which can leave some more room for payloads. Note that for all this, additional bugs in the kernel are still required to make the jump (and of course to guess right, to not jump into a trap) and naturally the JIT must be enabled, which is disabled by default. For helping mitigation, the general idea is to provide an option bpf_jit_harden that admins can tweak along with bpf_jit_enable, so that for cases where JIT should be enabled for performance reasons, the generated image can be further hardened with blinding constants for unpriviledged users (bpf_jit_harden == 1), with trading off performance for these, but not for privileged ones. We also added the option of blinding for all users (bpf_jit_harden == 2), which is quite helpful for testing f.e. with test_bpf.ko. There are no further e.g. hardening levels of bpf_jit_harden switch intended, rationale is to have it dead simple to use as on/off. Since this functionality would need to be duplicated over and over for JIT compilers to use, which are already complex enough, we provide a generic eBPF byte-code level based blinding implementation, which is then just transparently JITed. JIT compilers need to make only a few changes to integrate this facility and can be migrated one by one. This option is for eBPF JITs and will be used in x86, arm64, s390 without too much effort, and soon ppc64 JITs, thus that native eBPF can be blinded as well as cBPF to eBPF migrations, so that both can be covered with a single implementation. The rule for JITs is that bpf_jit_blind_constants() must be called from bpf_int_jit_compile(), and in case blinding is disabled, we follow normally with JITing the passed program. In case blinding is enabled and we fail during the process of blinding itself, we must return with the interpreter. Similarly, in case the JITing process after the blinding failed, we return normally to the interpreter with the non-blinded code. Meaning, interpreter doesn't change in any way and operates on eBPF code as usual. For doing this pre-JIT blinding step, we need to make use of a helper/auxiliary register, here BPF_REG_AX. This is strictly internal to the JIT and not in any way part of the eBPF architecture. Just like in the same way as JITs internally make use of some helper registers when emitting code, only that here the helper register is one abstraction level higher in eBPF bytecode, but nevertheless in JIT phase. That helper register is needed since f.e. manually written program can issue loads to all registers of eBPF architecture. The core concept with the additional register is: blind out all 32 and 64 bit constants by converting BPF_K based instructions into a small sequence from K_VAL into ((RND ^ K_VAL) ^ RND). Therefore, this is transformed into: BPF_REG_AX := (RND ^ K_VAL), BPF_REG_AX ^= RND, and REG <OP> BPF_REG_AX, so actual operation on the target register is translated from BPF_K into BPF_X one that is operating on BPF_REG_AX's content. During rewriting phase when blinding, RND is newly generated via prandom_u32() for each processed instruction. 64 bit loads are split into two 32 bit loads to make translation and patching not too complex. Only basic thing required by JITs is to call the helper bpf_jit_blind_constants()/bpf_jit_prog_release_other() pair, and to map BPF_REG_AX into an unused register. Small bpf_jit_disasm extract from [2] when applied to x86 JIT: echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f5e9 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 3e: mov $0xa8909090,%eax 43: mov $0xa8ff3148,%eax 48: mov $0xa89081b4,%eax 4d: mov $0xa8900bb0,%eax 52: mov $0xa810e0c1,%eax 57: mov $0xa8908eb4,%eax 5c: mov $0xa89020b0,%eax [...] echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden ffffffffa034f1e5 + <x>: [...] 39: mov $0xe1192563,%r10d 3f: xor $0x4989b5f3,%r10d 46: mov %r10d,%eax 49: mov $0xb8296d93,%r10d 4f: xor $0x10b9fd03,%r10d 56: mov %r10d,%eax 59: mov $0x8c381146,%r10d 5f: xor $0x24c7200e,%r10d 66: mov %r10d,%eax 69: mov $0xeb2a830e,%r10d 6f: xor $0x43ba02ba,%r10d 76: mov %r10d,%eax 79: mov $0xd9730af,%r10d 7f: xor $0xa5073b1f,%r10d 86: mov %r10d,%eax 89: mov $0x9a45662b,%r10d 8f: xor $0x325586ea,%r10d 96: mov %r10d,%eax [...] As can be seen, original constants that carry payload are hidden when enabled, actual operations are transformed from constant-based to register-based ones, making jumps into constants ineffective. Above extract/example uses single BPF load instruction over and over, but of course all instructions with constants are blinded. Performance wise, JIT with blinding performs a bit slower than just JIT and faster than interpreter case. This is expected, since we still get all the performance benefits from JITing and in normal use-cases not every single instruction needs to be blinded. Summing up all 296 test cases averaged over multiple runs from test_bpf.ko suite, interpreter was 55% slower than JIT only and JIT with blinding was 8% slower than JIT only. Since there are also some extremes in the test suite, I expect for ordinary workloads that the performance for the JIT with blinding case is even closer to JIT only case, f.e. nmap test case from suite has averaged timings in ns 29 (JIT), 35 (+ blinding), and 151 (interpreter). BPF test suite, seccomp test suite, eBPF sample code and various bigger networking eBPF programs have been tested with this and were running fine. For testing purposes, I also adapted interpreter and redirected blinded eBPF image to interpreter and also here all tests pass. [1] http://mainisusuallyafunction.blogspot.com/2012/11/attacking-hardened-linux-systems-with.html [2] https://github.com/01org/jit-spray-poc-for-ksp/ [3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2016/05/03/5 Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Reviewed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com> Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-05-14 01:08:32 +08:00
static inline bool bpf_jit_is_ebpf(void)
{
# ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_EBPF_JIT
return true;
# else
return false;
# endif
}
static inline bool bpf_jit_blinding_enabled(void)
{
/* These are the prerequisites, should someone ever have the
* idea to call blinding outside of them, we make sure to
* bail out.
*/
if (!bpf_jit_is_ebpf())
return false;
if (!bpf_jit_enable)
return false;
if (!bpf_jit_harden)
return false;
if (bpf_jit_harden == 1 && capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return false;
return true;
}
#else
static inline void bpf_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *fp)
{
}
static inline void bpf_jit_free(struct bpf_prog *fp)
{
bpf_prog_unlock_free(fp);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BPF_JIT */
net: filter: get rid of BPF_S_* enum This patch finally allows us to get rid of the BPF_S_* enum. Currently, the code performs unnecessary encode and decode workarounds in seccomp and filter migration itself when a filter is being attached in order to overcome BPF_S_* encoding which is not used anymore by the new interpreter resp. JIT compilers. Keeping it around would mean that also in future we would need to extend and maintain this enum and related encoders/decoders. We can get rid of all that and save us these operations during filter attaching. Naturally, also JIT compilers need to be updated by this. Before JIT conversion is being done, each compiler checks if A is being loaded at startup to obtain information if it needs to emit instructions to clear A first. Since BPF extensions are a subset of BPF_LD | BPF_{W,H,B} | BPF_ABS variants, case statements for extensions can be removed at that point. To ease and minimalize code changes in the classic JITs, we have introduced bpf_anc_helper(). Tested with test_bpf on x86_64 (JIT, int), s390x (JIT, int), arm (JIT, int), i368 (int), ppc64 (JIT, int); for sparc we unfortunately didn't have access, but changes are analogous to the rest. Joint work with Alexei Starovoitov. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Mircea Gherzan <mgherzan@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Chema Gonzalez <chemag@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-05-29 16:22:50 +08:00
#define BPF_ANC BIT(15)
static inline bool bpf_needs_clear_a(const struct sock_filter *first)
{
switch (first->code) {
case BPF_RET | BPF_K:
case BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_LEN:
return false;
case BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS:
case BPF_LD | BPF_H | BPF_ABS:
case BPF_LD | BPF_B | BPF_ABS:
if (first->k == SKF_AD_OFF + SKF_AD_ALU_XOR_X)
return true;
return false;
default:
return true;
}
}
net: filter: get rid of BPF_S_* enum This patch finally allows us to get rid of the BPF_S_* enum. Currently, the code performs unnecessary encode and decode workarounds in seccomp and filter migration itself when a filter is being attached in order to overcome BPF_S_* encoding which is not used anymore by the new interpreter resp. JIT compilers. Keeping it around would mean that also in future we would need to extend and maintain this enum and related encoders/decoders. We can get rid of all that and save us these operations during filter attaching. Naturally, also JIT compilers need to be updated by this. Before JIT conversion is being done, each compiler checks if A is being loaded at startup to obtain information if it needs to emit instructions to clear A first. Since BPF extensions are a subset of BPF_LD | BPF_{W,H,B} | BPF_ABS variants, case statements for extensions can be removed at that point. To ease and minimalize code changes in the classic JITs, we have introduced bpf_anc_helper(). Tested with test_bpf on x86_64 (JIT, int), s390x (JIT, int), arm (JIT, int), i368 (int), ppc64 (JIT, int); for sparc we unfortunately didn't have access, but changes are analogous to the rest. Joint work with Alexei Starovoitov. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Mircea Gherzan <mgherzan@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Chema Gonzalez <chemag@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-05-29 16:22:50 +08:00
static inline u16 bpf_anc_helper(const struct sock_filter *ftest)
{
BUG_ON(ftest->code & BPF_ANC);
switch (ftest->code) {
case BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS:
case BPF_LD | BPF_H | BPF_ABS:
case BPF_LD | BPF_B | BPF_ABS:
#define BPF_ANCILLARY(CODE) case SKF_AD_OFF + SKF_AD_##CODE: \
return BPF_ANC | SKF_AD_##CODE
switch (ftest->k) {
BPF_ANCILLARY(PROTOCOL);
BPF_ANCILLARY(PKTTYPE);
BPF_ANCILLARY(IFINDEX);
BPF_ANCILLARY(NLATTR);
BPF_ANCILLARY(NLATTR_NEST);
BPF_ANCILLARY(MARK);
BPF_ANCILLARY(QUEUE);
BPF_ANCILLARY(HATYPE);
BPF_ANCILLARY(RXHASH);
BPF_ANCILLARY(CPU);
BPF_ANCILLARY(ALU_XOR_X);
BPF_ANCILLARY(VLAN_TAG);
BPF_ANCILLARY(VLAN_TAG_PRESENT);
BPF_ANCILLARY(PAY_OFFSET);
BPF_ANCILLARY(RANDOM);
BPF_ANCILLARY(VLAN_TPID);
net: filter: get rid of BPF_S_* enum This patch finally allows us to get rid of the BPF_S_* enum. Currently, the code performs unnecessary encode and decode workarounds in seccomp and filter migration itself when a filter is being attached in order to overcome BPF_S_* encoding which is not used anymore by the new interpreter resp. JIT compilers. Keeping it around would mean that also in future we would need to extend and maintain this enum and related encoders/decoders. We can get rid of all that and save us these operations during filter attaching. Naturally, also JIT compilers need to be updated by this. Before JIT conversion is being done, each compiler checks if A is being loaded at startup to obtain information if it needs to emit instructions to clear A first. Since BPF extensions are a subset of BPF_LD | BPF_{W,H,B} | BPF_ABS variants, case statements for extensions can be removed at that point. To ease and minimalize code changes in the classic JITs, we have introduced bpf_anc_helper(). Tested with test_bpf on x86_64 (JIT, int), s390x (JIT, int), arm (JIT, int), i368 (int), ppc64 (JIT, int); for sparc we unfortunately didn't have access, but changes are analogous to the rest. Joint work with Alexei Starovoitov. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Mircea Gherzan <mgherzan@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Chema Gonzalez <chemag@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-05-29 16:22:50 +08:00
}
/* Fallthrough. */
default:
return ftest->code;
}
}
void *bpf_internal_load_pointer_neg_helper(const struct sk_buff *skb,
int k, unsigned int size);
static inline void *bpf_load_pointer(const struct sk_buff *skb, int k,
unsigned int size, void *buffer)
{
if (k >= 0)
return skb_header_pointer(skb, k, size, buffer);
return bpf_internal_load_pointer_neg_helper(skb, k, size);
}
static inline int bpf_tell_extensions(void)
{
net: filter: let bpf_tell_extensions return SKF_AD_MAX Michal Sekletar added in commit ea02f9411d9f ("net: introduce SO_BPF_EXTENSIONS") a facility where user space can enquire the BPF ancillary instruction set, which is imho a step into the right direction for letting user space high-level to BPF optimizers make an informed decision for possibly using these extensions. The original rationale was to return through a getsockopt(2) a bitfield of which instructions are supported and which are not, as of right now, we just return 0 to indicate a base support for SKF_AD_PROTOCOL up to SKF_AD_PAY_OFFSET. Limitations of this approach are that this API which we need to maintain for a long time can only support a maximum of 32 extensions, and needs to be additionally maintained/updated when each new extension that comes in. I thought about this a bit more and what we can do here to overcome this is to just return SKF_AD_MAX. Since we never remove any extension since we cannot break user space and always linearly increase SKF_AD_MAX on each newly added extension, user space can make a decision on what extensions are supported in the whole set of extensions and which aren't, by just checking which of them from the whole set have an offset < SKF_AD_MAX of the underlying kernel. Since SKF_AD_MAX must be updated each time we add new ones, we don't need to introduce an additional enum and got maintenance for free. At some point in time when SO_BPF_EXTENSIONS becomes ubiquitous for most kernels, then an application can simply make use of this and easily be run on newer or older underlying kernels without needing to be recompiled, of course. Since that is for 3.14, it's not too late to do this change. Cc: Michal Sekletar <msekleta@redhat.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Sekletar <msekleta@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-01-21 07:19:37 +08:00
return SKF_AD_MAX;
}
#endif /* __LINUX_FILTER_H__ */