60 lines
2.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
60 lines
2.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
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Tainted kernels
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---------------
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Some oops reports contain the string **'Tainted: '** after the program
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counter. This indicates that the kernel has been tainted by some
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mechanism. The string is followed by a series of position-sensitive
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characters, each representing a particular tainted value.
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1) 'G' if all modules loaded have a GPL or compatible license, 'P' if
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any proprietary module has been loaded. Modules without a
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MODULE_LICENSE or with a MODULE_LICENSE that is not recognised by
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insmod as GPL compatible are assumed to be proprietary.
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2) ``F`` if any module was force loaded by ``insmod -f``, ``' '`` if all
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modules were loaded normally.
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3) ``S`` if the oops occurred on an SMP kernel running on hardware that
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hasn't been certified as safe to run multiprocessor.
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Currently this occurs only on various Athlons that are not
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SMP capable.
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4) ``R`` if a module was force unloaded by ``rmmod -f``, ``' '`` if all
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modules were unloaded normally.
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5) ``M`` if any processor has reported a Machine Check Exception,
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``' '`` if no Machine Check Exceptions have occurred.
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6) ``B`` if a page-release function has found a bad page reference or
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some unexpected page flags.
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7) ``U`` if a user or user application specifically requested that the
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Tainted flag be set, ``' '`` otherwise.
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8) ``D`` if the kernel has died recently, i.e. there was an OOPS or BUG.
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9) ``A`` if the ACPI table has been overridden.
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10) ``W`` if a warning has previously been issued by the kernel.
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(Though some warnings may set more specific taint flags.)
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11) ``C`` if a staging driver has been loaded.
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12) ``I`` if the kernel is working around a severe bug in the platform
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firmware (BIOS or similar).
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13) ``O`` if an externally-built ("out-of-tree") module has been loaded.
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14) ``E`` if an unsigned module has been loaded in a kernel supporting
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module signature.
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15) ``L`` if a soft lockup has previously occurred on the system.
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16) ``K`` if the kernel has been live patched.
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The primary reason for the **'Tainted: '** string is to tell kernel
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debuggers if this is a clean kernel or if anything unusual has
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occurred. Tainting is permanent: even if an offending module is
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unloaded, the tainted value remains to indicate that the kernel is not
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trustworthy.
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