License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 22:07:57 +08:00
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
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/*
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* linux/mm/compaction.c
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*
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* Memory compaction for the reduction of external fragmentation. Note that
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* this heavily depends upon page migration to do all the real heavy
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* lifting
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*
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* Copyright IBM Corp. 2007-2010 Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
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*/
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mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
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#include <linux/cpu.h>
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2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
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#include <linux/swap.h>
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#include <linux/migrate.h>
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#include <linux/compaction.h>
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#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
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2017-02-03 02:15:33 +08:00
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#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
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2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
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#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
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2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
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#include <linux/sysctl.h>
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2010-05-25 05:32:29 +08:00
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#include <linux/sysfs.h>
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2013-02-23 08:33:58 +08:00
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#include <linux/page-isolation.h>
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2015-02-14 06:39:28 +08:00
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#include <linux/kasan.h>
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mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
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#include <linux/kthread.h>
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#include <linux/freezer.h>
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2016-07-27 06:23:43 +08:00
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#include <linux/page_owner.h>
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psi: pressure stall information for CPU, memory, and IO
When systems are overcommitted and resources become contended, it's hard
to tell exactly the impact this has on workload productivity, or how close
the system is to lockups and OOM kills. In particular, when machines work
multiple jobs concurrently, the impact of overcommit in terms of latency
and throughput on the individual job can be enormous.
In order to maximize hardware utilization without sacrificing individual
job health or risk complete machine lockups, this patch implements a way
to quantify resource pressure in the system.
A kernel built with CONFIG_PSI=y creates files in /proc/pressure/ that
expose the percentage of time the system is stalled on CPU, memory, or IO,
respectively. Stall states are aggregate versions of the per-task delay
accounting delays:
cpu: some tasks are runnable but not executing on a CPU
memory: tasks are reclaiming, or waiting for swapin or thrashing cache
io: tasks are waiting for io completions
These percentages of walltime can be thought of as pressure percentages,
and they give a general sense of system health and productivity loss
incurred by resource overcommit. They can also indicate when the system
is approaching lockup scenarios and OOMs.
To do this, psi keeps track of the task states associated with each CPU
and samples the time they spend in stall states. Every 2 seconds, the
samples are averaged across CPUs - weighted by the CPUs' non-idle time to
eliminate artifacts from unused CPUs - and translated into percentages of
walltime. A running average of those percentages is maintained over 10s,
1m, and 5m periods (similar to the loadaverage).
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: doc fixlet, per Randy]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828205625.GA14030@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: code optimization]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907175015.GA8479@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: rename psi_clock() to psi_update_work(), per Peter]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907145404.GB11088@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180913014222.GA2370@cmpxchg.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828172258.3185-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Drake <drake@endlessm.com>
Tested-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@fb.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Enderborg <peter.enderborg@sony.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-10-27 06:06:27 +08:00
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#include <linux/psi.h>
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2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
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#include "internal.h"
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2012-12-21 07:05:06 +08:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
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static inline void count_compact_event(enum vm_event_item item)
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{
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count_vm_event(item);
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}
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static inline void count_compact_events(enum vm_event_item item, long delta)
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{
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count_vm_events(item, delta);
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}
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#else
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#define count_compact_event(item) do { } while (0)
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#define count_compact_events(item, delta) do { } while (0)
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#endif
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2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
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#if defined CONFIG_COMPACTION || defined CONFIG_CMA
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2011-01-14 07:45:54 +08:00
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#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
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#include <trace/events/compaction.h>
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2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
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#define block_start_pfn(pfn, order) round_down(pfn, 1UL << (order))
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#define block_end_pfn(pfn, order) ALIGN((pfn) + 1, 1UL << (order))
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#define pageblock_start_pfn(pfn) block_start_pfn(pfn, pageblock_order)
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#define pageblock_end_pfn(pfn) block_end_pfn(pfn, pageblock_order)
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2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
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static unsigned long release_freepages(struct list_head *freelist)
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{
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struct page *page, *next;
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mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit 35979ef33931 ("mm, compaction: add per-zone migration pfn
cache for async compaction").
After this patch, cached positions are updated unconditionally. In
stress-highalloc benchmark, this has decreased the numbers of scanned
pages by few percent, without affecting allocation success rates.
To prevent free scanner from leaving free pages behind after they are
returned due to page migration failure, the cached scanner pfn is changed
to point to the pageblock of the returned free page with the highest pfn,
before leaving compact_zone().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:31 +08:00
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unsigned long high_pfn = 0;
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2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
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list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, freelist, lru) {
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mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit 35979ef33931 ("mm, compaction: add per-zone migration pfn
cache for async compaction").
After this patch, cached positions are updated unconditionally. In
stress-highalloc benchmark, this has decreased the numbers of scanned
pages by few percent, without affecting allocation success rates.
To prevent free scanner from leaving free pages behind after they are
returned due to page migration failure, the cached scanner pfn is changed
to point to the pageblock of the returned free page with the highest pfn,
before leaving compact_zone().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:31 +08:00
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unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
list_del(&page->lru);
|
|
|
|
__free_page(page);
|
mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit 35979ef33931 ("mm, compaction: add per-zone migration pfn
cache for async compaction").
After this patch, cached positions are updated unconditionally. In
stress-highalloc benchmark, this has decreased the numbers of scanned
pages by few percent, without affecting allocation success rates.
To prevent free scanner from leaving free pages behind after they are
returned due to page migration failure, the cached scanner pfn is changed
to point to the pageblock of the returned free page with the highest pfn,
before leaving compact_zone().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:31 +08:00
|
|
|
if (pfn > high_pfn)
|
|
|
|
high_pfn = pfn;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit 35979ef33931 ("mm, compaction: add per-zone migration pfn
cache for async compaction").
After this patch, cached positions are updated unconditionally. In
stress-highalloc benchmark, this has decreased the numbers of scanned
pages by few percent, without affecting allocation success rates.
To prevent free scanner from leaving free pages behind after they are
returned due to page migration failure, the cached scanner pfn is changed
to point to the pageblock of the returned free page with the highest pfn,
before leaving compact_zone().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:31 +08:00
|
|
|
return high_pfn;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:39 +08:00
|
|
|
static void split_map_pages(struct list_head *list)
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned int i, order, nr_pages;
|
|
|
|
struct page *page, *next;
|
|
|
|
LIST_HEAD(tmp_list);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, list, lru) {
|
|
|
|
list_del(&page->lru);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
order = page_private(page);
|
|
|
|
nr_pages = 1 << order;
|
|
|
|
|
2016-07-27 06:23:58 +08:00
|
|
|
post_alloc_hook(page, order, __GFP_MOVABLE);
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
if (order)
|
|
|
|
split_page(page, order);
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
|
|
|
|
list_add(&page->lru, &tmp_list);
|
|
|
|
page++;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
list_splice(&tmp_list, list);
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
|
2015-02-12 07:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration
We have allowed migration for only LRU pages until now and it was enough
to make high-order pages. But recently, embedded system(e.g., webOS,
android) uses lots of non-movable pages(e.g., zram, GPU memory) so we
have seen several reports about troubles of small high-order allocation.
For fixing the problem, there were several efforts (e,g,. enhance
compaction algorithm, SLUB fallback to 0-order page, reserved memory,
vmalloc and so on) but if there are lots of non-movable pages in system,
their solutions are void in the long run.
So, this patch is to support facility to change non-movable pages with
movable. For the feature, this patch introduces functions related to
migration to address_space_operations as well as some page flags.
If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three
functions which are function pointers of struct
address_space_operations.
1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true*
if driver isolates page successfully. On returing true, VM marks the
page as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the
page for isolation. If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should
return *false*.
Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver
shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields.
2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping,
struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode);
After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page. The
function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page
and set up fields of struct page newpage. Keep in mind that you should
indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via
__ClearPageMovable() under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage
successfully and returns 0. If driver cannot migrate the page at the
moment, driver can return -EAGAIN. On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page
migration in a short time because VM interprets -EAGAIN as "temporal
migration failure". On returning any error except -EAGAIN, VM will give
up the page migration without retrying in this time.
Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions.
3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *);
If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page
to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed
page. In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the
own data structure.
4. non-lru movable page flags
There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page.
* PG_movable
Driver should use the below function to make page movable under
page_lock.
void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family
functions which will be called by VM. Exactly speaking, PG_movable is
not a real flag of struct page. Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's
lower bits to represent it.
#define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2
page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE;
so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly. Instead, driver
should use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping
so it can get right struct address_space.
For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function.
However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because
page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page. As
well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping
doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE (Look at
__ClearPageMovable). But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether page
is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated. Because LRU
pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping. It is also
good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more
expensive checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim.
For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function.
Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and
mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page. The lock_page prevents
sudden destroying of page->mapping.
Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via
__ClearMovablePage under page_lock before the releasing the page.
* PG_isolated
To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated
page as PG_isolated under lock_page. So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated
non-lru movable page, it can skip it. Driver doesn't need to manipulate
the flag because VM will set/clear it automatically. Keep in mind that
if driver sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by
VM so it shouldn't touch page.lru field. PG_isolated is alias with
PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag for own purpose.
[opensource.ganesh@gmail.com: mm/compaction: remove local variable is_lru]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160618014841.GA7422@leo-test
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: John Einar Reitan <john.reitan@foss.arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-27 06:23:05 +08:00
|
|
|
int PageMovable(struct page *page)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct address_space *mapping;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
|
|
|
|
if (!__PageMovable(page))
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mapping = page_mapping(page);
|
|
|
|
if (mapping && mapping->a_ops && mapping->a_ops->isolate_page)
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(PageMovable);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE((unsigned long)mapping & PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE, page);
|
|
|
|
page->mapping = (void *)((unsigned long)mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__SetPageMovable);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void __ClearPageMovable(struct page *page)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageMovable(page), page);
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Clear registered address_space val with keeping PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE
|
|
|
|
* flag so that VM can catch up released page by driver after isolation.
|
|
|
|
* With it, VM migration doesn't try to put it back.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
page->mapping = (void *)((unsigned long)page->mapping &
|
|
|
|
PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ClearPageMovable);
|
|
|
|
|
2015-02-12 07:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Do not skip compaction more than 64 times */
|
|
|
|
#define COMPACT_MAX_DEFER_SHIFT 6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Compaction is deferred when compaction fails to result in a page
|
|
|
|
* allocation success. 1 << compact_defer_limit compactions are skipped up
|
|
|
|
* to a limit of 1 << COMPACT_MAX_DEFER_SHIFT
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
void defer_compaction(struct zone *zone, int order)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_considered = 0;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_defer_shift++;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (order < zone->compact_order_failed)
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_order_failed = order;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (zone->compact_defer_shift > COMPACT_MAX_DEFER_SHIFT)
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_defer_shift = COMPACT_MAX_DEFER_SHIFT;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_defer_compaction(zone, order);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Returns true if compaction should be skipped this time */
|
|
|
|
bool compaction_deferred(struct zone *zone, int order)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned long defer_limit = 1UL << zone->compact_defer_shift;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (order < zone->compact_order_failed)
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Avoid possible overflow */
|
|
|
|
if (++zone->compact_considered > defer_limit)
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_considered = defer_limit;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (zone->compact_considered >= defer_limit)
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_deferred(zone, order);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Update defer tracking counters after successful compaction of given order,
|
|
|
|
* which means an allocation either succeeded (alloc_success == true) or is
|
|
|
|
* expected to succeed.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
void compaction_defer_reset(struct zone *zone, int order,
|
|
|
|
bool alloc_success)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (alloc_success) {
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_considered = 0;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_defer_shift = 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (order >= zone->compact_order_failed)
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_order_failed = order + 1;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_defer_reset(zone, order);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Returns true if restarting compaction after many failures */
|
|
|
|
bool compaction_restarting(struct zone *zone, int order)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (order < zone->compact_order_failed)
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return zone->compact_defer_shift == COMPACT_MAX_DEFER_SHIFT &&
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_considered >= 1UL << zone->compact_defer_shift;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Returns true if the pageblock should be scanned for pages to isolate. */
|
|
|
|
static inline bool isolation_suitable(struct compact_control *cc,
|
|
|
|
struct page *page)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (cc->ignore_skip_hint)
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return !get_pageblock_skip(page);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2015-09-09 06:02:42 +08:00
|
|
|
static void reset_cached_positions(struct zone *zone)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[0] = zone->zone_start_pfn;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[1] = zone->zone_start_pfn;
|
mm/compaction: fix invalid free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn
free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn are the pointer that remember
restart position of freepage scanner. When they are reset or invalid,
we set them to zone_end_pfn because freepage scanner works in reverse
direction. But, because zone range is defined as [zone_start_pfn,
zone_end_pfn), zone_end_pfn is invalid to access. Therefore, we should
not store it to free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn. Instead, we need
to store zone_end_pfn - 1 to them. There is one more thing we should
consider. Freepage scanner scan reversely by pageblock unit. If
free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn are set to middle of pageblock, it
regards that sitiation as that it already scans front part of pageblock
so we lose opportunity to scan there. To fix-up, this patch do
round_down() to guarantee that reset position will be pageblock aligned.
Note that thanks to the current pageblock_pfn_to_page() implementation,
actual access to zone_end_pfn doesn't happen until now. But, following
patch will change pageblock_pfn_to_page() so this patch is needed from
now on.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-16 05:57:45 +08:00
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_free_pfn =
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
pageblock_start_pfn(zone_end_pfn(zone) - 1);
|
2015-09-09 06:02:42 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2017-11-18 07:26:34 +08:00
|
|
|
* Compound pages of >= pageblock_order should consistenly be skipped until
|
|
|
|
* released. It is always pointless to compact pages of such order (if they are
|
|
|
|
* migratable), and the pageblocks they occupy cannot contain any free pages.
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2017-11-18 07:26:34 +08:00
|
|
|
static bool pageblock_skip_persistent(struct page *page)
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2017-11-18 07:26:34 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!PageCompound(page))
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
return false;
|
2017-11-18 07:26:34 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
page = compound_head(page);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (compound_order(page) >= pageblock_order)
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
static bool
|
|
|
|
__reset_isolation_pfn(struct zone *zone, unsigned long pfn, bool check_source,
|
|
|
|
bool check_target)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct page *page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
|
2019-04-04 18:54:09 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *block_page;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *end_page;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long block_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!page)
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
if (zone != page_zone(page))
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
if (pageblock_skip_persistent(page))
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If skip is already cleared do no further checking once the
|
|
|
|
* restart points have been set.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (check_source && check_target && !get_pageblock_skip(page))
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If clearing skip for the target scanner, do not select a
|
|
|
|
* non-movable pageblock as the starting point.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!check_source && check_target &&
|
|
|
|
get_pageblock_migratetype(page) != MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-04-04 18:54:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Ensure the start of the pageblock or zone is online and valid */
|
|
|
|
block_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(pfn);
|
2019-10-15 05:12:07 +08:00
|
|
|
block_pfn = max(block_pfn, zone->zone_start_pfn);
|
|
|
|
block_page = pfn_to_online_page(block_pfn);
|
2019-04-04 18:54:09 +08:00
|
|
|
if (block_page) {
|
|
|
|
page = block_page;
|
|
|
|
pfn = block_pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Ensure the end of the pageblock or zone is online and valid */
|
2019-10-15 05:12:07 +08:00
|
|
|
block_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn) - 1;
|
2019-04-04 18:54:09 +08:00
|
|
|
block_pfn = min(block_pfn, zone_end_pfn(zone) - 1);
|
|
|
|
end_page = pfn_to_online_page(block_pfn);
|
|
|
|
if (!end_page)
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Only clear the hint if a sample indicates there is either a
|
|
|
|
* free page or an LRU page in the block. One or other condition
|
|
|
|
* is necessary for the block to be a migration source/target.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
do {
|
|
|
|
if (pfn_valid_within(pfn)) {
|
|
|
|
if (check_source && PageLRU(page)) {
|
|
|
|
clear_pageblock_skip(page);
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (check_target && PageBuddy(page)) {
|
|
|
|
clear_pageblock_skip(page);
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
page += (1 << PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER);
|
|
|
|
pfn += (1 << PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER);
|
2019-10-15 05:12:07 +08:00
|
|
|
} while (page <= end_page);
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* This function is called to clear all cached information on pageblocks that
|
|
|
|
* should be skipped for page isolation when the migrate and free page scanner
|
|
|
|
* meet.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2012-10-09 07:32:47 +08:00
|
|
|
static void __reset_isolation_suitable(struct zone *zone)
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long migrate_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
|
2019-04-04 18:54:09 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long free_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone) - 1;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long reset_migrate = free_pfn;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long reset_free = migrate_pfn;
|
|
|
|
bool source_set = false;
|
|
|
|
bool free_set = false;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!zone->compact_blockskip_flush)
|
|
|
|
return;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:47 +08:00
|
|
|
zone->compact_blockskip_flush = false;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Walk the zone and update pageblock skip information. Source looks
|
|
|
|
* for PageLRU while target looks for PageBuddy. When the scanner
|
|
|
|
* is found, both PageBuddy and PageLRU are checked as the pageblock
|
|
|
|
* is suitable as both source and target.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
for (; migrate_pfn < free_pfn; migrate_pfn += pageblock_nr_pages,
|
|
|
|
free_pfn -= pageblock_nr_pages) {
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
cond_resched();
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Update the migrate PFN */
|
|
|
|
if (__reset_isolation_pfn(zone, migrate_pfn, true, source_set) &&
|
|
|
|
migrate_pfn < reset_migrate) {
|
|
|
|
source_set = true;
|
|
|
|
reset_migrate = migrate_pfn;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_init_migrate_pfn = reset_migrate;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[0] = reset_migrate;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[1] = reset_migrate;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Update the free PFN */
|
|
|
|
if (__reset_isolation_pfn(zone, free_pfn, free_set, true) &&
|
|
|
|
free_pfn > reset_free) {
|
|
|
|
free_set = true;
|
|
|
|
reset_free = free_pfn;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_init_free_pfn = reset_free;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = reset_free;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2015-09-09 06:02:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Leave no distance if no suitable block was reset */
|
|
|
|
if (reset_migrate >= reset_free) {
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[0] = migrate_pfn;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[1] = migrate_pfn;
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = free_pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:47 +08:00
|
|
|
void reset_isolation_suitable(pg_data_t *pgdat)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int zoneid;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (zoneid = 0; zoneid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zoneid++) {
|
|
|
|
struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid];
|
|
|
|
if (!populated_zone(zone))
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Only flush if a full compaction finished recently */
|
|
|
|
if (zone->compact_blockskip_flush)
|
|
|
|
__reset_isolation_suitable(zone);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Sets the pageblock skip bit if it was clear. Note that this is a hint as
|
|
|
|
* locks are not required for read/writers. Returns true if it was already set.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static bool test_and_set_skip(struct compact_control *cc, struct page *page,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pfn)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
bool skip;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Do no update if skip hint is being ignored */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->ignore_skip_hint)
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!IS_ALIGNED(pfn, pageblock_nr_pages))
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
skip = get_pageblock_skip(page);
|
|
|
|
if (!skip && !cc->no_set_skip_hint)
|
|
|
|
set_pageblock_skip(page);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return skip;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static void update_cached_migrate(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long pfn)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct zone *zone = cc->zone;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Set for isolation rather than compaction */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->no_set_skip_hint)
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pfn > zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[0])
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[0] = pfn;
|
|
|
|
if (cc->mode != MIGRATE_ASYNC &&
|
|
|
|
pfn > zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[1])
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[1] = pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If no pages were isolated then mark this pageblock to be skipped in the
|
2012-10-09 07:32:47 +08:00
|
|
|
* future. The information is later cleared by __reset_isolation_suitable().
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2012-10-09 07:32:45 +08:00
|
|
|
static void update_pageblock_skip(struct compact_control *cc,
|
2019-03-06 07:45:28 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2012-10-09 07:32:45 +08:00
|
|
|
struct zone *zone = cc->zone;
|
2013-12-19 09:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2017-11-18 07:26:38 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->no_set_skip_hint)
|
2013-12-19 09:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!page)
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
set_pageblock_skip(page);
|
2012-10-09 07:32:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2014-06-05 07:08:27 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Update where async and sync compaction should restart */
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
if (pfn < zone->compact_cached_free_pfn)
|
|
|
|
zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = pfn;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
static inline bool isolation_suitable(struct compact_control *cc,
|
|
|
|
struct page *page)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-18 07:26:34 +08:00
|
|
|
static inline bool pageblock_skip_persistent(struct page *page)
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline void update_pageblock_skip(struct compact_control *cc,
|
2019-03-06 07:45:28 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
}
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static void update_cached_migrate(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long pfn)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static bool test_and_set_skip(struct compact_control *cc, struct page *page,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pfn)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Compaction requires the taking of some coarse locks that are potentially
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
* very heavily contended. For async compaction, trylock and record if the
|
|
|
|
* lock is contended. The lock will still be acquired but compaction will
|
|
|
|
* abort when the current block is finished regardless of success rate.
|
|
|
|
* Sync compaction acquires the lock.
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
*
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
* Always returns true which makes it easier to track lock state in callers.
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
static bool compact_lock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock, unsigned long *flags,
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
struct compact_control *cc)
|
2012-10-09 07:32:33 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Track if the lock is contended in async mode */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC && !cc->contended) {
|
|
|
|
if (spin_trylock_irqsave(lock, *flags))
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cc->contended = true;
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
mm, compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()
Async compaction aborts when it detects zone lock contention or
need_resched() is true. David Rientjes has reported that in practice,
most direct async compactions for THP allocation abort due to
need_resched(). This means that a second direct compaction is never
attempted, which might be OK for a page fault, but khugepaged is intended
to attempt a sync compaction in such case and in these cases it won't.
This patch replaces "bool contended" in compact_control with an int that
distinguishes between aborting due to need_resched() and aborting due to
lock contention. This allows propagating the abort through all compaction
functions as before, but passing the abort reason up to
__alloc_pages_slowpath() which decides when to continue with direct
reclaim and another compaction attempt.
Another problem is that try_to_compact_pages() did not act upon the
reported contention (both need_resched() or lock contention) immediately
and would proceed with another zone from the zonelist. When
need_resched() is true, that means initializing another zone compaction,
only to check again need_resched() in isolate_migratepages() and aborting.
For zone lock contention, the unintended consequence is that the lock
contended status reported back to the allocator is detrmined from the last
zone where compaction was attempted, which is rather arbitrary.
This patch fixes the problem in the following way:
- async compaction of a zone aborting due to need_resched() or fatal signal
pending means that further zones should not be tried. We report
COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED to the allocator.
- aborting zone compaction due to lock contention means we can still try
another zone, since it has different set of locks. We report back
COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK only if *all* zones where compaction was attempted,
it was aborted due to lock contention.
As a result of these fixes, khugepaged will proceed with second sync
compaction as intended, when the preceding async compaction aborted due to
need_resched(). Page fault compactions aborting due to need_resched()
will spare some cycles previously wasted by initializing another zone
compaction only to abort again. Lock contention will be reported only
when compaction in all zones aborted due to lock contention, and therefore
it's not a good idea to try again after reclaim.
In stress-highalloc from mmtests configured to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, this
has improved number of THP collapse allocations by 10%, which shows
positive effect on khugepaged. The benchmark's success rates are
unchanged as it is not recognized as khugepaged. Numbers of compact_stall
and compact_fail events have however decreased by 20%, with
compact_success still a bit improved, which is good. With benchmark
configured not to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, there is 6% improvement in THP
collapse allocations, and only slight improvement in stalls and failures.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:14 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
spin_lock_irqsave(lock, *flags);
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
return true;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:33 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-22 07:16:17 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Compaction requires the taking of some coarse locks that are potentially
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
* very heavily contended. The lock should be periodically unlocked to avoid
|
|
|
|
* having disabled IRQs for a long time, even when there is nobody waiting on
|
|
|
|
* the lock. It might also be that allowing the IRQs will result in
|
|
|
|
* need_resched() becoming true. If scheduling is needed, async compaction
|
|
|
|
* aborts. Sync compaction schedules.
|
|
|
|
* Either compaction type will also abort if a fatal signal is pending.
|
|
|
|
* In either case if the lock was locked, it is dropped and not regained.
|
2012-08-22 07:16:17 +08:00
|
|
|
*
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
* Returns true if compaction should abort due to fatal signal pending, or
|
|
|
|
* async compaction due to need_resched()
|
|
|
|
* Returns false when compaction can continue (sync compaction might have
|
|
|
|
* scheduled)
|
2012-08-22 07:16:17 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
static bool compact_unlock_should_abort(spinlock_t *lock,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long flags, bool *locked, struct compact_control *cc)
|
2012-08-22 07:16:17 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
if (*locked) {
|
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
*locked = false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
mm, compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()
Async compaction aborts when it detects zone lock contention or
need_resched() is true. David Rientjes has reported that in practice,
most direct async compactions for THP allocation abort due to
need_resched(). This means that a second direct compaction is never
attempted, which might be OK for a page fault, but khugepaged is intended
to attempt a sync compaction in such case and in these cases it won't.
This patch replaces "bool contended" in compact_control with an int that
distinguishes between aborting due to need_resched() and aborting due to
lock contention. This allows propagating the abort through all compaction
functions as before, but passing the abort reason up to
__alloc_pages_slowpath() which decides when to continue with direct
reclaim and another compaction attempt.
Another problem is that try_to_compact_pages() did not act upon the
reported contention (both need_resched() or lock contention) immediately
and would proceed with another zone from the zonelist. When
need_resched() is true, that means initializing another zone compaction,
only to check again need_resched() in isolate_migratepages() and aborting.
For zone lock contention, the unintended consequence is that the lock
contended status reported back to the allocator is detrmined from the last
zone where compaction was attempted, which is rather arbitrary.
This patch fixes the problem in the following way:
- async compaction of a zone aborting due to need_resched() or fatal signal
pending means that further zones should not be tried. We report
COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED to the allocator.
- aborting zone compaction due to lock contention means we can still try
another zone, since it has different set of locks. We report back
COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK only if *all* zones where compaction was attempted,
it was aborted due to lock contention.
As a result of these fixes, khugepaged will proceed with second sync
compaction as intended, when the preceding async compaction aborted due to
need_resched(). Page fault compactions aborting due to need_resched()
will spare some cycles previously wasted by initializing another zone
compaction only to abort again. Lock contention will be reported only
when compaction in all zones aborted due to lock contention, and therefore
it's not a good idea to try again after reclaim.
In stress-highalloc from mmtests configured to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, this
has improved number of THP collapse allocations by 10%, which shows
positive effect on khugepaged. The benchmark's success rates are
unchanged as it is not recognized as khugepaged. Numbers of compact_stall
and compact_fail events have however decreased by 20%, with
compact_success still a bit improved, which is good. With benchmark
configured not to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, there is 6% improvement in THP
collapse allocations, and only slight improvement in stalls and failures.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:14 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
|
mm, compaction: simplify contended compaction handling
Async compaction detects contention either due to failing trylock on
zone->lock or lru_lock, or by need_resched(). Since 1f9efdef4f3f ("mm,
compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()") the
code got quite complicated to distinguish these two up to the
__alloc_pages_slowpath() level, so different decisions could be taken
for khugepaged allocations.
After the recent changes, khugepaged allocations don't check for
contended compaction anymore, so we again don't need to distinguish lock
and sched contention, and simplify the current convoluted code a lot.
However, I believe it's also possible to simplify even more and
completely remove the check for contended compaction after the initial
async compaction for costly orders, which was originally aimed at THP
page fault allocations. There are several reasons why this can be done
now:
- with the new defaults, THP page faults no longer do reclaim/compaction at
all, unless the system admin has overridden the default, or application has
indicated via madvise that it can benefit from THP's. In both cases, it
means that the potential extra latency is expected and worth the benefits.
- even if reclaim/compaction proceeds after this patch where it previously
wouldn't, the second compaction attempt is still async and will detect the
contention and back off, if the contention persists
- there are still heuristics like deferred compaction and pageblock skip bits
in place that prevent excessive THP page fault latencies
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-29 06:49:30 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->contended = true;
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-08-22 07:16:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:24 +08:00
|
|
|
cond_resched();
|
mm, compaction: properly signal and act upon lock and need_sched() contention
Compaction uses compact_checklock_irqsave() function to periodically check
for lock contention and need_resched() to either abort async compaction,
or to free the lock, schedule and retake the lock. When aborting,
cc->contended is set to signal the contended state to the caller. Two
problems have been identified in this mechanism.
First, compaction also calls directly cond_resched() in both scanners when
no lock is yet taken. This call either does not abort async compaction,
or set cc->contended appropriately. This patch introduces a new
compact_should_abort() function to achieve both. In isolate_freepages(),
the check frequency is reduced to once by SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX pageblocks to
match what the migration scanner does in the preliminary page checks. In
case a pageblock is found suitable for calling isolate_freepages_block(),
the checks within there are done on higher frequency.
Second, isolate_freepages() does not check if isolate_freepages_block()
aborted due to contention, and advances to the next pageblock. This
violates the principle of aborting on contention, and might result in
pageblocks not being scanned completely, since the scanning cursor is
advanced. This problem has been noticed in the code by Joonsoo Kim when
reviewing related patches. This patch makes isolate_freepages_block()
check the cc->contended flag and abort.
In case isolate_freepages() has already isolated some pages before
aborting due to contention, page migration will proceed, which is OK since
we do not want to waste the work that has been done, and page migration
has own checks for contention. However, we do not want another isolation
attempt by either of the scanners, so cc->contended flag check is added
also to compaction_alloc() and compact_finished() to make sure compaction
is aborted right after the migration.
The outcome of the patch should be reduced lock contention by async
compaction and lower latencies for higher-order allocations where direct
compaction is involved.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment]
Reported-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Tested-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-05 07:10:41 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2013-11-13 07:07:12 +08:00
|
|
|
* Isolate free pages onto a private freelist. If @strict is true, will abort
|
|
|
|
* returning 0 on any invalid PFNs or non-free pages inside of the pageblock
|
|
|
|
* (even though it may still end up isolating some pages).
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
static unsigned long isolate_freepages_block(struct compact_control *cc,
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long *start_pfn,
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long end_pfn,
|
|
|
|
struct list_head *freelist,
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned int stride,
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
bool strict)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2011-01-14 07:45:54 +08:00
|
|
|
int nr_scanned = 0, total_isolated = 0;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:28 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *cursor;
|
2014-10-10 06:28:21 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long flags = 0;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
bool locked = false;
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long blockpfn = *start_pfn;
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned int order;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Strict mode is for isolation, speed is secondary */
|
|
|
|
if (strict)
|
|
|
|
stride = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
cursor = pfn_to_page(blockpfn);
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Isolate free pages. */
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
for (; blockpfn < end_pfn; blockpfn += stride, cursor += stride) {
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
int isolated;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *page = cursor;
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Periodically drop the lock (if held) regardless of its
|
|
|
|
* contention, to give chance to IRQs. Abort if fatal signal
|
|
|
|
* pending or async compaction detects need_resched()
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!(blockpfn % SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX)
|
|
|
|
&& compact_unlock_should_abort(&cc->zone->lock, flags,
|
|
|
|
&locked, cc))
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
2011-01-14 07:45:54 +08:00
|
|
|
nr_scanned++;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!pfn_valid_within(blockpfn))
|
2014-03-11 06:49:44 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
|
|
|
|
2015-09-09 06:02:49 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* For compound pages such as THP and hugetlbfs, we can save
|
|
|
|
* potentially a lot of iterations if we skip them at once.
|
|
|
|
* The check is racy, but we can consider only valid values
|
|
|
|
* and the only danger is skipping too much.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (PageCompound(page)) {
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
const unsigned int order = compound_order(page);
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-18 07:26:41 +08:00
|
|
|
if (likely(order < MAX_ORDER)) {
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
blockpfn += (1UL << order) - 1;
|
|
|
|
cursor += (1UL << order) - 1;
|
2015-09-09 06:02:49 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!PageBuddy(page))
|
2014-03-11 06:49:44 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2014-10-10 06:27:18 +08:00
|
|
|
* If we already hold the lock, we can skip some rechecking.
|
|
|
|
* Note that if we hold the lock now, checked_pageblock was
|
|
|
|
* already set in some previous iteration (or strict is true),
|
|
|
|
* so it is correct to skip the suitable migration target
|
|
|
|
* recheck as well.
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2014-10-10 06:27:18 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!locked) {
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
locked = compact_lock_irqsave(&cc->zone->lock,
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
&flags, cc);
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2014-10-10 06:27:18 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Recheck this is a buddy page under lock */
|
|
|
|
if (!PageBuddy(page))
|
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Found a free page, will break it into order-0 pages */
|
|
|
|
order = page_order(page);
|
|
|
|
isolated = __isolate_free_page(page, order);
|
2016-06-25 05:50:10 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!isolated)
|
|
|
|
break;
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
set_page_private(page, order);
|
2016-06-25 05:50:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
total_isolated += isolated;
|
2016-06-25 05:50:10 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->nr_freepages += isolated;
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
list_add_tail(&page->lru, freelist);
|
|
|
|
|
2016-06-25 05:50:10 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!strict && cc->nr_migratepages <= cc->nr_freepages) {
|
|
|
|
blockpfn += isolated;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2016-06-25 05:50:10 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Advance to the end of split page */
|
|
|
|
blockpfn += isolated - 1;
|
|
|
|
cursor += isolated - 1;
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
2014-03-11 06:49:44 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
isolate_fail:
|
|
|
|
if (strict)
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2016-06-25 05:50:10 +08:00
|
|
|
if (locked)
|
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
|
2015-09-09 06:02:49 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* There is a tiny chance that we have read bogus compound_order(),
|
|
|
|
* so be careful to not go outside of the pageblock.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(blockpfn > end_pfn))
|
|
|
|
blockpfn = end_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
2015-02-12 07:27:04 +08:00
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_isolate_freepages(*start_pfn, blockpfn,
|
|
|
|
nr_scanned, total_isolated);
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Record how far we have got within the block */
|
|
|
|
*start_pfn = blockpfn;
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If strict isolation is requested by CMA then check that all the
|
|
|
|
* pages requested were isolated. If there were any failures, 0 is
|
|
|
|
* returned and CMA will fail.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2014-03-11 06:49:44 +08:00
|
|
|
if (strict && blockpfn < end_pfn)
|
2012-10-09 07:32:36 +08:00
|
|
|
total_isolated = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-23 07:44:50 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->total_free_scanned += nr_scanned;
|
2012-10-19 19:00:10 +08:00
|
|
|
if (total_isolated)
|
2012-12-21 07:05:06 +08:00
|
|
|
count_compact_events(COMPACTISOLATED, total_isolated);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
return total_isolated;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
/**
|
|
|
|
* isolate_freepages_range() - isolate free pages.
|
2018-04-06 07:24:57 +08:00
|
|
|
* @cc: Compaction control structure.
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
* @start_pfn: The first PFN to start isolating.
|
|
|
|
* @end_pfn: The one-past-last PFN.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Non-free pages, invalid PFNs, or zone boundaries within the
|
|
|
|
* [start_pfn, end_pfn) range are considered errors, cause function to
|
|
|
|
* undo its actions and return zero.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Otherwise, function returns one-past-the-last PFN of isolated page
|
|
|
|
* (which may be greater then end_pfn if end fell in a middle of
|
|
|
|
* a free page).
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
isolate_freepages_range(struct compact_control *cc,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long isolated, pfn, block_start_pfn, block_end_pfn;
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
LIST_HEAD(freelist);
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: reduce zone checking frequency in the migration scanner
The unification of the migrate and free scanner families of function has
highlighted a difference in how the scanners ensure they only isolate
pages of the intended zone. This is important for taking zone lock or lru
lock of the correct zone. Due to nodes overlapping, it is however
possible to encounter a different zone within the range of the zone being
compacted.
The free scanner, since its inception by commit 748446bb6b5a ("mm:
compaction: memory compaction core"), has been checking the zone of the
first valid page in a pageblock, and skipping the whole pageblock if the
zone does not match.
This checking was completely missing from the migration scanner at first,
and later added by commit dc9086004b3d ("mm: compaction: check for
overlapping nodes during isolation for migration") in a reaction to a bug
report. But the zone comparison in migration scanner is done once per a
single scanned page, which is more defensive and thus more costly than a
check per pageblock.
This patch unifies the checking done in both scanners to once per
pageblock, through a new pageblock_pfn_to_page() function, which also
includes pfn_valid() checks. It is more defensive than the current free
scanner checks, as it checks both the first and last page of the
pageblock, but less defensive by the migration scanner per-page checks.
It assumes that node overlapping may result (on some architecture) in a
boundary between two nodes falling into the middle of a pageblock, but
that there cannot be a node0 node1 node0 interleaving within a single
pageblock.
The result is more code being shared and a bit less per-page CPU cost in
the migration scanner.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
pfn = start_pfn;
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(pfn);
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
if (block_start_pfn < cc->zone->zone_start_pfn)
|
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = cc->zone->zone_start_pfn;
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn);
|
mm, compaction: reduce zone checking frequency in the migration scanner
The unification of the migrate and free scanner families of function has
highlighted a difference in how the scanners ensure they only isolate
pages of the intended zone. This is important for taking zone lock or lru
lock of the correct zone. Due to nodes overlapping, it is however
possible to encounter a different zone within the range of the zone being
compacted.
The free scanner, since its inception by commit 748446bb6b5a ("mm:
compaction: memory compaction core"), has been checking the zone of the
first valid page in a pageblock, and skipping the whole pageblock if the
zone does not match.
This checking was completely missing from the migration scanner at first,
and later added by commit dc9086004b3d ("mm: compaction: check for
overlapping nodes during isolation for migration") in a reaction to a bug
report. But the zone comparison in migration scanner is done once per a
single scanned page, which is more defensive and thus more costly than a
check per pageblock.
This patch unifies the checking done in both scanners to once per
pageblock, through a new pageblock_pfn_to_page() function, which also
includes pfn_valid() checks. It is more defensive than the current free
scanner checks, as it checks both the first and last page of the
pageblock, but less defensive by the migration scanner per-page checks.
It assumes that node overlapping may result (on some architecture) in a
boundary between two nodes falling into the middle of a pageblock, but
that there cannot be a node0 node1 node0 interleaving within a single
pageblock.
The result is more code being shared and a bit less per-page CPU cost in
the migration scanner.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += isolated,
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = block_end_pfn,
|
mm, compaction: reduce zone checking frequency in the migration scanner
The unification of the migrate and free scanner families of function has
highlighted a difference in how the scanners ensure they only isolate
pages of the intended zone. This is important for taking zone lock or lru
lock of the correct zone. Due to nodes overlapping, it is however
possible to encounter a different zone within the range of the zone being
compacted.
The free scanner, since its inception by commit 748446bb6b5a ("mm:
compaction: memory compaction core"), has been checking the zone of the
first valid page in a pageblock, and skipping the whole pageblock if the
zone does not match.
This checking was completely missing from the migration scanner at first,
and later added by commit dc9086004b3d ("mm: compaction: check for
overlapping nodes during isolation for migration") in a reaction to a bug
report. But the zone comparison in migration scanner is done once per a
single scanned page, which is more defensive and thus more costly than a
check per pageblock.
This patch unifies the checking done in both scanners to once per
pageblock, through a new pageblock_pfn_to_page() function, which also
includes pfn_valid() checks. It is more defensive than the current free
scanner checks, as it checks both the first and last page of the
pageblock, but less defensive by the migration scanner per-page checks.
It assumes that node overlapping may result (on some architecture) in a
boundary between two nodes falling into the middle of a pageblock, but
that there cannot be a node0 node1 node0 interleaving within a single
pageblock.
The result is more code being shared and a bit less per-page CPU cost in
the migration scanner.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) {
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Protect pfn from changing by isolate_freepages_block */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long isolate_start_pfn = pfn;
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, end_pfn);
|
|
|
|
|
2014-11-14 07:19:07 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* pfn could pass the block_end_pfn if isolated freepage
|
|
|
|
* is more than pageblock order. In this case, we adjust
|
|
|
|
* scanning range to right one.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (pfn >= block_end_pfn) {
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(pfn);
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn);
|
2014-11-14 07:19:07 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, end_pfn);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!pageblock_pfn_to_page(block_start_pfn,
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn, cc->zone))
|
mm, compaction: reduce zone checking frequency in the migration scanner
The unification of the migrate and free scanner families of function has
highlighted a difference in how the scanners ensure they only isolate
pages of the intended zone. This is important for taking zone lock or lru
lock of the correct zone. Due to nodes overlapping, it is however
possible to encounter a different zone within the range of the zone being
compacted.
The free scanner, since its inception by commit 748446bb6b5a ("mm:
compaction: memory compaction core"), has been checking the zone of the
first valid page in a pageblock, and skipping the whole pageblock if the
zone does not match.
This checking was completely missing from the migration scanner at first,
and later added by commit dc9086004b3d ("mm: compaction: check for
overlapping nodes during isolation for migration") in a reaction to a bug
report. But the zone comparison in migration scanner is done once per a
single scanned page, which is more defensive and thus more costly than a
check per pageblock.
This patch unifies the checking done in both scanners to once per
pageblock, through a new pageblock_pfn_to_page() function, which also
includes pfn_valid() checks. It is more defensive than the current free
scanner checks, as it checks both the first and last page of the
pageblock, but less defensive by the migration scanner per-page checks.
It assumes that node overlapping may result (on some architecture) in a
boundary between two nodes falling into the middle of a pageblock, but
that there cannot be a node0 node1 node0 interleaving within a single
pageblock.
The result is more code being shared and a bit less per-page CPU cost in
the migration scanner.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
isolated = isolate_freepages_block(cc, &isolate_start_pfn,
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn, &freelist, 0, true);
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* In strict mode, isolate_freepages_block() returns 0 if
|
|
|
|
* there are any holes in the block (ie. invalid PFNs or
|
|
|
|
* non-free pages).
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!isolated)
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If we managed to isolate pages, it is always (1 << n) *
|
|
|
|
* pageblock_nr_pages for some non-negative n. (Max order
|
|
|
|
* page may span two pageblocks).
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2016-07-27 06:23:40 +08:00
|
|
|
/* __isolate_free_page() does not map the pages */
|
2019-03-06 07:44:39 +08:00
|
|
|
split_map_pages(&freelist);
|
2012-01-30 20:24:03 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pfn < end_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
/* Loop terminated early, cleanup. */
|
|
|
|
release_freepages(&freelist);
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* We don't use freelists for anything. */
|
|
|
|
return pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Similar to reclaim, but different enough that they don't share logic */
|
2019-03-06 07:49:42 +08:00
|
|
|
static bool too_many_isolated(pg_data_t *pgdat)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2010-09-10 07:38:00 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long active, inactive, isolated;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:49:42 +08:00
|
|
|
inactive = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_FILE) +
|
|
|
|
node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_ANON);
|
|
|
|
active = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ACTIVE_FILE) +
|
|
|
|
node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ACTIVE_ANON);
|
|
|
|
isolated = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ISOLATED_FILE) +
|
|
|
|
node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ISOLATED_ANON);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-09-10 07:38:00 +08:00
|
|
|
return isolated > (inactive + active) / 2;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
/**
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
* isolate_migratepages_block() - isolate all migrate-able pages within
|
|
|
|
* a single pageblock
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
* @cc: Compaction control structure.
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
* @low_pfn: The first PFN to isolate
|
|
|
|
* @end_pfn: The one-past-the-last PFN to isolate, within same pageblock
|
|
|
|
* @isolate_mode: Isolation mode to be used.
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Isolate all pages that can be migrated from the range specified by
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
* [low_pfn, end_pfn). The range is expected to be within same pageblock.
|
|
|
|
* Returns zero if there is a fatal signal pending, otherwise PFN of the
|
|
|
|
* first page that was not scanned (which may be both less, equal to or more
|
|
|
|
* than end_pfn).
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
*
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
* The pages are isolated on cc->migratepages list (not required to be empty),
|
|
|
|
* and cc->nr_migratepages is updated accordingly. The cc->migrate_pfn field
|
|
|
|
* is neither read nor updated.
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
static unsigned long
|
|
|
|
isolate_migratepages_block(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long low_pfn,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long end_pfn, isolate_mode_t isolate_mode)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2019-03-06 07:49:42 +08:00
|
|
|
pg_data_t *pgdat = cc->zone->zone_pgdat;
|
2011-01-14 07:45:54 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long nr_scanned = 0, nr_isolated = 0;
|
2012-05-30 06:07:09 +08:00
|
|
|
struct lruvec *lruvec;
|
2014-10-10 06:28:21 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long flags = 0;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:33 +08:00
|
|
|
bool locked = false;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *page = NULL, *valid_page = NULL;
|
2015-02-12 07:27:04 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long start_pfn = low_pfn;
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
bool skip_on_failure = false;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long next_skip_pfn = 0;
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
bool skip_updated = false;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Ensure that there are not too many pages isolated from the LRU
|
|
|
|
* list by either parallel reclaimers or compaction. If there are,
|
|
|
|
* delay for some time until fewer pages are isolated
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:49:42 +08:00
|
|
|
while (unlikely(too_many_isolated(pgdat))) {
|
2011-06-16 06:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
/* async migration should just abort */
|
2014-06-05 07:08:28 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC)
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
return 0;
|
2011-06-16 06:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
congestion_wait(BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/10);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
return 0;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:24 +08:00
|
|
|
cond_resched();
|
2014-06-05 07:08:31 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->direct_compaction && (cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC)) {
|
|
|
|
skip_on_failure = true;
|
|
|
|
next_skip_pfn = block_end_pfn(low_pfn, cc->order);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Time to isolate some pages for migration */
|
|
|
|
for (; low_pfn < end_pfn; low_pfn++) {
|
2015-09-09 06:02:46 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
if (skip_on_failure && low_pfn >= next_skip_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We have isolated all migration candidates in the
|
|
|
|
* previous order-aligned block, and did not skip it due
|
|
|
|
* to failure. We should migrate the pages now and
|
|
|
|
* hopefully succeed compaction.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (nr_isolated)
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We failed to isolate in the previous order-aligned
|
|
|
|
* block. Set the new boundary to the end of the
|
|
|
|
* current block. Note we can't simply increase
|
|
|
|
* next_skip_pfn by 1 << order, as low_pfn might have
|
|
|
|
* been incremented by a higher number due to skipping
|
|
|
|
* a compound or a high-order buddy page in the
|
|
|
|
* previous loop iteration.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
next_skip_pfn = block_end_pfn(low_pfn, cc->order);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Periodically drop the lock (if held) regardless of its
|
mm: compaction: avoid 100% CPU usage during compaction when a task is killed
"howaboutsynergy" reported via kernel buzilla number 204165 that
compact_zone_order was consuming 100% CPU during a stress test for
prolonged periods of time. Specifically the following command, which
should exit in 10 seconds, was taking an excessive time to finish while
the CPU was pegged at 100%.
stress -m 220 --vm-bytes 1000000000 --timeout 10
Tracing indicated a pattern as follows
stress-3923 [007] 519.106208: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106212: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106216: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106219: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106223: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106227: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106231: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106235: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106238: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106242: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
Note that compaction is entered in rapid succession while scanning and
isolating nothing. The problem is that when a task that is compacting
receives a fatal signal, it retries indefinitely instead of exiting
while making no progress as a fatal signal is pending.
It's not easy to trigger this condition although enabling zswap helps on
the basis that the timing is altered. A very small window has to be hit
for the problem to occur (signal delivered while compacting and
isolating a PFN for migration that is not aligned to SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX).
This was reproduced locally -- 16G single socket system, 8G swap, 30%
zswap configured, vm-bytes 22000000000 using Colin Kings stress-ng
implementation from github running in a loop until the problem hits).
Tracing recorded the problem occurring almost 200K times in a short
window. With this patch, the problem hit 4 times but the task existed
normally instead of consuming CPU.
This problem has existed for some time but it was made worse by commit
cf66f0700c8f ("mm, compaction: do not consider a need to reschedule as
contention"). Before that commit, if the same condition was hit then
locks would be quickly contended and compaction would exit that way.
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204165
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190718085708.GE24383@techsingularity.net
Fixes: cf66f0700c8f ("mm, compaction: do not consider a need to reschedule as contention")
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [5.1+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-08-03 12:48:51 +08:00
|
|
|
* contention, to give chance to IRQs. Abort completely if
|
|
|
|
* a fatal signal is pending.
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!(low_pfn % SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX)
|
2019-03-06 07:49:39 +08:00
|
|
|
&& compact_unlock_should_abort(&pgdat->lru_lock,
|
mm: compaction: avoid 100% CPU usage during compaction when a task is killed
"howaboutsynergy" reported via kernel buzilla number 204165 that
compact_zone_order was consuming 100% CPU during a stress test for
prolonged periods of time. Specifically the following command, which
should exit in 10 seconds, was taking an excessive time to finish while
the CPU was pegged at 100%.
stress -m 220 --vm-bytes 1000000000 --timeout 10
Tracing indicated a pattern as follows
stress-3923 [007] 519.106208: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106212: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106216: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106219: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106223: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106227: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106231: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106235: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106238: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106242: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
Note that compaction is entered in rapid succession while scanning and
isolating nothing. The problem is that when a task that is compacting
receives a fatal signal, it retries indefinitely instead of exiting
while making no progress as a fatal signal is pending.
It's not easy to trigger this condition although enabling zswap helps on
the basis that the timing is altered. A very small window has to be hit
for the problem to occur (signal delivered while compacting and
isolating a PFN for migration that is not aligned to SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX).
This was reproduced locally -- 16G single socket system, 8G swap, 30%
zswap configured, vm-bytes 22000000000 using Colin Kings stress-ng
implementation from github running in a loop until the problem hits).
Tracing recorded the problem occurring almost 200K times in a short
window. With this patch, the problem hit 4 times but the task existed
normally instead of consuming CPU.
This problem has existed for some time but it was made worse by commit
cf66f0700c8f ("mm, compaction: do not consider a need to reschedule as
contention"). Before that commit, if the same condition was hit then
locks would be quickly contended and compaction would exit that way.
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204165
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190718085708.GE24383@techsingularity.net
Fixes: cf66f0700c8f ("mm, compaction: do not consider a need to reschedule as contention")
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [5.1+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-08-03 12:48:51 +08:00
|
|
|
flags, &locked, cc)) {
|
|
|
|
low_pfn = 0;
|
|
|
|
goto fatal_pending;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-08-22 07:16:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!pfn_valid_within(low_pfn))
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
2011-01-14 07:45:54 +08:00
|
|
|
nr_scanned++;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
page = pfn_to_page(low_pfn);
|
2012-02-09 09:13:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Check if the pageblock has already been marked skipped.
|
|
|
|
* Only the aligned PFN is checked as the caller isolates
|
|
|
|
* COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX at a time so the second call must
|
|
|
|
* not falsely conclude that the block should be skipped.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!valid_page && IS_ALIGNED(low_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages)) {
|
|
|
|
if (!cc->ignore_skip_hint && get_pageblock_skip(page)) {
|
|
|
|
low_pfn = end_pfn;
|
|
|
|
goto isolate_abort;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
valid_page = page;
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2014-01-24 07:53:38 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
mm, compaction: skip buddy pages by their order in the migrate scanner
The migration scanner skips PageBuddy pages, but does not consider their
order as checking page_order() is generally unsafe without holding the
zone->lock, and acquiring the lock just for the check wouldn't be a good
tradeoff.
Still, this could avoid some iterations over the rest of the buddy page,
and if we are careful, the race window between PageBuddy() check and
page_order() is small, and the worst thing that can happen is that we skip
too much and miss some isolation candidates. This is not that bad, as
compaction can already fail for many other reasons like parallel
allocations, and those have much larger race window.
This patch therefore makes the migration scanner obtain the buddy page
order and use it to skip the whole buddy page, if the order appears to be
in the valid range.
It's important that the page_order() is read only once, so that the value
used in the checks and in the pfn calculation is the same. But in theory
the compiler can replace the local variable by multiple inlines of
page_order(). Therefore, the patch introduces page_order_unsafe() that
uses ACCESS_ONCE to prevent this.
Testing with stress-highalloc from mmtests shows a 15% reduction in number
of pages scanned by migration scanner. The reduction is >60% with
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, along with success rates better by few
percent.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:23 +08:00
|
|
|
* Skip if free. We read page order here without zone lock
|
|
|
|
* which is generally unsafe, but the race window is small and
|
|
|
|
* the worst thing that can happen is that we skip some
|
|
|
|
* potential isolation targets.
|
2014-01-24 07:53:38 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
mm, compaction: skip buddy pages by their order in the migrate scanner
The migration scanner skips PageBuddy pages, but does not consider their
order as checking page_order() is generally unsafe without holding the
zone->lock, and acquiring the lock just for the check wouldn't be a good
tradeoff.
Still, this could avoid some iterations over the rest of the buddy page,
and if we are careful, the race window between PageBuddy() check and
page_order() is small, and the worst thing that can happen is that we skip
too much and miss some isolation candidates. This is not that bad, as
compaction can already fail for many other reasons like parallel
allocations, and those have much larger race window.
This patch therefore makes the migration scanner obtain the buddy page
order and use it to skip the whole buddy page, if the order appears to be
in the valid range.
It's important that the page_order() is read only once, so that the value
used in the checks and in the pfn calculation is the same. But in theory
the compiler can replace the local variable by multiple inlines of
page_order(). Therefore, the patch introduces page_order_unsafe() that
uses ACCESS_ONCE to prevent this.
Testing with stress-highalloc from mmtests shows a 15% reduction in number
of pages scanned by migration scanner. The reduction is >60% with
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, along with success rates better by few
percent.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:23 +08:00
|
|
|
if (PageBuddy(page)) {
|
|
|
|
unsigned long freepage_order = page_order_unsafe(page);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Without lock, we cannot be sure that what we got is
|
|
|
|
* a valid page order. Consider only values in the
|
|
|
|
* valid order range to prevent low_pfn overflow.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (freepage_order > 0 && freepage_order < MAX_ORDER)
|
|
|
|
low_pfn += (1UL << freepage_order) - 1;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
continue;
|
mm, compaction: skip buddy pages by their order in the migrate scanner
The migration scanner skips PageBuddy pages, but does not consider their
order as checking page_order() is generally unsafe without holding the
zone->lock, and acquiring the lock just for the check wouldn't be a good
tradeoff.
Still, this could avoid some iterations over the rest of the buddy page,
and if we are careful, the race window between PageBuddy() check and
page_order() is small, and the worst thing that can happen is that we skip
too much and miss some isolation candidates. This is not that bad, as
compaction can already fail for many other reasons like parallel
allocations, and those have much larger race window.
This patch therefore makes the migration scanner obtain the buddy page
order and use it to skip the whole buddy page, if the order appears to be
in the valid range.
It's important that the page_order() is read only once, so that the value
used in the checks and in the pfn calculation is the same. But in theory
the compiler can replace the local variable by multiple inlines of
page_order(). Therefore, the patch introduces page_order_unsafe() that
uses ACCESS_ONCE to prevent this.
Testing with stress-highalloc from mmtests shows a 15% reduction in number
of pages scanned by migration scanner. The reduction is >60% with
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, along with success rates better by few
percent.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:23 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2011-01-14 07:47:08 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2015-09-09 06:02:46 +08:00
|
|
|
* Regardless of being on LRU, compound pages such as THP and
|
2020-04-02 12:10:31 +08:00
|
|
|
* hugetlbfs are not to be compacted unless we are attempting
|
|
|
|
* an allocation much larger than the huge page size (eg CMA).
|
|
|
|
* We can potentially save a lot of iterations if we skip them
|
|
|
|
* at once. The check is racy, but we can consider only valid
|
|
|
|
* values and the only danger is skipping too much.
|
2011-01-14 07:47:08 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2020-04-02 12:10:31 +08:00
|
|
|
if (PageCompound(page) && !cc->alloc_contig) {
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
const unsigned int order = compound_order(page);
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2017-11-18 07:26:41 +08:00
|
|
|
if (likely(order < MAX_ORDER))
|
2017-11-18 07:26:30 +08:00
|
|
|
low_pfn += (1UL << order) - 1;
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:33 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration
We have allowed migration for only LRU pages until now and it was enough
to make high-order pages. But recently, embedded system(e.g., webOS,
android) uses lots of non-movable pages(e.g., zram, GPU memory) so we
have seen several reports about troubles of small high-order allocation.
For fixing the problem, there were several efforts (e,g,. enhance
compaction algorithm, SLUB fallback to 0-order page, reserved memory,
vmalloc and so on) but if there are lots of non-movable pages in system,
their solutions are void in the long run.
So, this patch is to support facility to change non-movable pages with
movable. For the feature, this patch introduces functions related to
migration to address_space_operations as well as some page flags.
If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three
functions which are function pointers of struct
address_space_operations.
1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true*
if driver isolates page successfully. On returing true, VM marks the
page as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the
page for isolation. If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should
return *false*.
Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver
shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields.
2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping,
struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode);
After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page. The
function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page
and set up fields of struct page newpage. Keep in mind that you should
indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via
__ClearPageMovable() under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage
successfully and returns 0. If driver cannot migrate the page at the
moment, driver can return -EAGAIN. On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page
migration in a short time because VM interprets -EAGAIN as "temporal
migration failure". On returning any error except -EAGAIN, VM will give
up the page migration without retrying in this time.
Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions.
3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *);
If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page
to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed
page. In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the
own data structure.
4. non-lru movable page flags
There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page.
* PG_movable
Driver should use the below function to make page movable under
page_lock.
void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family
functions which will be called by VM. Exactly speaking, PG_movable is
not a real flag of struct page. Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's
lower bits to represent it.
#define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2
page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE;
so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly. Instead, driver
should use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping
so it can get right struct address_space.
For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function.
However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because
page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page. As
well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping
doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE (Look at
__ClearPageMovable). But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether page
is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated. Because LRU
pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping. It is also
good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more
expensive checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim.
For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function.
Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and
mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page. The lock_page prevents
sudden destroying of page->mapping.
Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via
__ClearMovablePage under page_lock before the releasing the page.
* PG_isolated
To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated
page as PG_isolated under lock_page. So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated
non-lru movable page, it can skip it. Driver doesn't need to manipulate
the flag because VM will set/clear it automatically. Keep in mind that
if driver sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by
VM so it shouldn't touch page.lru field. PG_isolated is alias with
PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag for own purpose.
[opensource.ganesh@gmail.com: mm/compaction: remove local variable is_lru]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160618014841.GA7422@leo-test
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: John Einar Reitan <john.reitan@foss.arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-27 06:23:05 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Check may be lockless but that's ok as we recheck later.
|
|
|
|
* It's possible to migrate LRU and non-lru movable pages.
|
|
|
|
* Skip any other type of page
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!PageLRU(page)) {
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* __PageMovable can return false positive so we need
|
|
|
|
* to verify it under page_lock.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(__PageMovable(page)) &&
|
|
|
|
!PageIsolated(page)) {
|
|
|
|
if (locked) {
|
2019-03-06 07:49:39 +08:00
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgdat->lru_lock,
|
mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration
We have allowed migration for only LRU pages until now and it was enough
to make high-order pages. But recently, embedded system(e.g., webOS,
android) uses lots of non-movable pages(e.g., zram, GPU memory) so we
have seen several reports about troubles of small high-order allocation.
For fixing the problem, there were several efforts (e,g,. enhance
compaction algorithm, SLUB fallback to 0-order page, reserved memory,
vmalloc and so on) but if there are lots of non-movable pages in system,
their solutions are void in the long run.
So, this patch is to support facility to change non-movable pages with
movable. For the feature, this patch introduces functions related to
migration to address_space_operations as well as some page flags.
If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three
functions which are function pointers of struct
address_space_operations.
1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true*
if driver isolates page successfully. On returing true, VM marks the
page as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the
page for isolation. If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should
return *false*.
Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver
shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields.
2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping,
struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode);
After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page. The
function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page
and set up fields of struct page newpage. Keep in mind that you should
indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via
__ClearPageMovable() under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage
successfully and returns 0. If driver cannot migrate the page at the
moment, driver can return -EAGAIN. On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page
migration in a short time because VM interprets -EAGAIN as "temporal
migration failure". On returning any error except -EAGAIN, VM will give
up the page migration without retrying in this time.
Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions.
3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *);
If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page
to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed
page. In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the
own data structure.
4. non-lru movable page flags
There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page.
* PG_movable
Driver should use the below function to make page movable under
page_lock.
void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family
functions which will be called by VM. Exactly speaking, PG_movable is
not a real flag of struct page. Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's
lower bits to represent it.
#define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2
page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE;
so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly. Instead, driver
should use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping
so it can get right struct address_space.
For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function.
However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because
page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page. As
well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping
doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE (Look at
__ClearPageMovable). But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether page
is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated. Because LRU
pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping. It is also
good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more
expensive checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim.
For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function.
Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and
mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page. The lock_page prevents
sudden destroying of page->mapping.
Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via
__ClearMovablePage under page_lock before the releasing the page.
* PG_isolated
To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated
page as PG_isolated under lock_page. So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated
non-lru movable page, it can skip it. Driver doesn't need to manipulate
the flag because VM will set/clear it automatically. Keep in mind that
if driver sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by
VM so it shouldn't touch page.lru field. PG_isolated is alias with
PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag for own purpose.
[opensource.ganesh@gmail.com: mm/compaction: remove local variable is_lru]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160618014841.GA7422@leo-test
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: John Einar Reitan <john.reitan@foss.arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-27 06:23:05 +08:00
|
|
|
flags);
|
|
|
|
locked = false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-25 06:57:29 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!isolate_movable_page(page, isolate_mode))
|
mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration
We have allowed migration for only LRU pages until now and it was enough
to make high-order pages. But recently, embedded system(e.g., webOS,
android) uses lots of non-movable pages(e.g., zram, GPU memory) so we
have seen several reports about troubles of small high-order allocation.
For fixing the problem, there were several efforts (e,g,. enhance
compaction algorithm, SLUB fallback to 0-order page, reserved memory,
vmalloc and so on) but if there are lots of non-movable pages in system,
their solutions are void in the long run.
So, this patch is to support facility to change non-movable pages with
movable. For the feature, this patch introduces functions related to
migration to address_space_operations as well as some page flags.
If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three
functions which are function pointers of struct
address_space_operations.
1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true*
if driver isolates page successfully. On returing true, VM marks the
page as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the
page for isolation. If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should
return *false*.
Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver
shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields.
2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping,
struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode);
After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page. The
function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page
and set up fields of struct page newpage. Keep in mind that you should
indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via
__ClearPageMovable() under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage
successfully and returns 0. If driver cannot migrate the page at the
moment, driver can return -EAGAIN. On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page
migration in a short time because VM interprets -EAGAIN as "temporal
migration failure". On returning any error except -EAGAIN, VM will give
up the page migration without retrying in this time.
Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions.
3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *);
If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page
to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed
page. In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the
own data structure.
4. non-lru movable page flags
There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page.
* PG_movable
Driver should use the below function to make page movable under
page_lock.
void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family
functions which will be called by VM. Exactly speaking, PG_movable is
not a real flag of struct page. Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's
lower bits to represent it.
#define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2
page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE;
so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly. Instead, driver
should use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping
so it can get right struct address_space.
For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function.
However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because
page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page. As
well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping
doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE (Look at
__ClearPageMovable). But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether page
is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated. Because LRU
pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping. It is also
good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more
expensive checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim.
For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function.
Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and
mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page. The lock_page prevents
sudden destroying of page->mapping.
Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via
__ClearMovablePage under page_lock before the releasing the page.
* PG_isolated
To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated
page as PG_isolated under lock_page. So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated
non-lru movable page, it can skip it. Driver doesn't need to manipulate
the flag because VM will set/clear it automatically. Keep in mind that
if driver sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by
VM so it shouldn't touch page.lru field. PG_isolated is alias with
PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag for own purpose.
[opensource.ganesh@gmail.com: mm/compaction: remove local variable is_lru]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160618014841.GA7422@leo-test
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: John Einar Reitan <john.reitan@foss.arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-27 06:23:05 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_success;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration
We have allowed migration for only LRU pages until now and it was enough
to make high-order pages. But recently, embedded system(e.g., webOS,
android) uses lots of non-movable pages(e.g., zram, GPU memory) so we
have seen several reports about troubles of small high-order allocation.
For fixing the problem, there were several efforts (e,g,. enhance
compaction algorithm, SLUB fallback to 0-order page, reserved memory,
vmalloc and so on) but if there are lots of non-movable pages in system,
their solutions are void in the long run.
So, this patch is to support facility to change non-movable pages with
movable. For the feature, this patch introduces functions related to
migration to address_space_operations as well as some page flags.
If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three
functions which are function pointers of struct
address_space_operations.
1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true*
if driver isolates page successfully. On returing true, VM marks the
page as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the
page for isolation. If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should
return *false*.
Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver
shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields.
2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping,
struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode);
After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page. The
function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page
and set up fields of struct page newpage. Keep in mind that you should
indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via
__ClearPageMovable() under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage
successfully and returns 0. If driver cannot migrate the page at the
moment, driver can return -EAGAIN. On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page
migration in a short time because VM interprets -EAGAIN as "temporal
migration failure". On returning any error except -EAGAIN, VM will give
up the page migration without retrying in this time.
Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions.
3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *);
If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page
to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed
page. In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the
own data structure.
4. non-lru movable page flags
There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page.
* PG_movable
Driver should use the below function to make page movable under
page_lock.
void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family
functions which will be called by VM. Exactly speaking, PG_movable is
not a real flag of struct page. Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's
lower bits to represent it.
#define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2
page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE;
so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly. Instead, driver
should use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping
so it can get right struct address_space.
For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function.
However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because
page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page. As
well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping
doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE (Look at
__ClearPageMovable). But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether page
is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated. Because LRU
pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping. It is also
good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more
expensive checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim.
For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function.
Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and
mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page. The lock_page prevents
sudden destroying of page->mapping.
Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via
__ClearMovablePage under page_lock before the releasing the page.
* PG_isolated
To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated
page as PG_isolated under lock_page. So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated
non-lru movable page, it can skip it. Driver doesn't need to manipulate
the flag because VM will set/clear it automatically. Keep in mind that
if driver sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by
VM so it shouldn't touch page.lru field. PG_isolated is alias with
PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag for own purpose.
[opensource.ganesh@gmail.com: mm/compaction: remove local variable is_lru]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160618014841.GA7422@leo-test
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: John Einar Reitan <john.reitan@foss.arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-27 06:23:05 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2015-09-09 06:02:46 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2014-04-04 05:48:00 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Migration will fail if an anonymous page is pinned in memory,
|
|
|
|
* so avoid taking lru_lock and isolating it unnecessarily in an
|
|
|
|
* admittedly racy check.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!page_mapping(page) &&
|
|
|
|
page_count(page) > page_mapcount(page))
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
2014-04-04 05:48:00 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-12-15 07:04:07 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Only allow to migrate anonymous pages in GFP_NOFS context
|
|
|
|
* because those do not depend on fs locks.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!(cc->gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) && page_mapping(page))
|
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
|
|
|
|
2014-10-10 06:27:18 +08:00
|
|
|
/* If we already hold the lock, we can skip some rechecking */
|
|
|
|
if (!locked) {
|
2019-03-06 07:49:39 +08:00
|
|
|
locked = compact_lock_irqsave(&pgdat->lru_lock,
|
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched()
through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no
contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long
time.
This has been addressed by commit b2eef8c0d091 ("mm: compaction: minimise
the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration") for the
migration scanner. However, the refactoring done by commit 2a1402aa044b
("mm: compaction: acquire the zone->lru_lock as late as possible") has
changed the conditions so that the lock is dropped only when there's
contention on the lock or need_resched() is true. Also, need_resched() is
checked only when the lock is already held. The comment "give a chance to
irqs before checking need_resched" is therefore misleading, as IRQs remain
disabled when the check is done.
This patch restores the behavior intended by commit b2eef8c0d091 and also
tries to better balance and make more deterministic the time spent by
checking for contention vs the time the scanners might run between the
checks. It also avoids situations where checking has not been done often
enough before. The result should be avoiding both too frequent and too
infrequent contention checking, and especially the potentially
long-running scans with IRQs disabled and no checking of need_resched() or
for fatal signal pending, which can happen when many consecutive pages or
pageblocks fail the preliminary tests and do not reach the later call site
to compact_checklock_irqsave(), as explained below.
Before the patch:
In the migration scanner, compact_checklock_irqsave() was called each
loop, if reached. If not reached, some lower-frequency checking could
still be done if the lock was already held, but this would not result in
aborting contended async compaction until reaching
compact_checklock_irqsave() or end of pageblock. In the free scanner, it
was similar but completely without the periodical checking, so lock can be
potentially held until reaching the end of pageblock.
After the patch, in both scanners:
The periodical check is done as the first thing in the loop on each
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX aligned pfn, using the new compact_unlock_should_abort()
function, which always unlocks the lock (if locked) and aborts async
compaction if scheduling is needed. It also aborts any type of compaction
when a fatal signal is pending.
The compact_checklock_irqsave() function is replaced with a slightly
different compact_trylock_irqsave(). The biggest difference is that the
function is not called at all if the lock is already held. The periodical
need_resched() checking is left solely to compact_unlock_should_abort().
The lock contention avoidance for async compaction is achieved by the
periodical unlock by compact_unlock_should_abort() and by using trylock in
compact_trylock_irqsave() and aborting when trylock fails. Sync
compaction does not use trylock.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:16 +08:00
|
|
|
&flags, cc);
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Try get exclusive access under lock */
|
|
|
|
if (!skip_updated) {
|
|
|
|
skip_updated = true;
|
|
|
|
if (test_and_set_skip(cc, page, low_pfn))
|
|
|
|
goto isolate_abort;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-10-09 07:32:33 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2015-09-09 06:02:46 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Recheck PageLRU and PageCompound under lock */
|
2014-10-10 06:27:18 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!PageLRU(page))
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
2015-09-09 06:02:46 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Page become compound since the non-locked check,
|
|
|
|
* and it's on LRU. It can only be a THP so the order
|
|
|
|
* is safe to read and it's 0 for tail pages.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2020-04-02 12:10:31 +08:00
|
|
|
if (unlikely(PageCompound(page) && !cc->alloc_contig)) {
|
2019-09-24 06:34:30 +08:00
|
|
|
low_pfn += compound_nr(page) - 1;
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
2014-10-10 06:27:18 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2011-01-14 07:47:08 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:49:39 +08:00
|
|
|
lruvec = mem_cgroup_page_lruvec(page, pgdat);
|
2012-05-30 06:07:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Try isolate the page */
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
if (__isolate_lru_page(page, isolate_mode) != 0)
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
goto isolate_fail;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2020-04-02 12:10:31 +08:00
|
|
|
/* The whole page is taken off the LRU; skip the tail pages. */
|
|
|
|
if (PageCompound(page))
|
|
|
|
low_pfn += compound_nr(page) - 1;
|
2011-01-14 07:47:08 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Successfully isolated */
|
2012-05-30 06:07:09 +08:00
|
|
|
del_page_from_lru_list(page, lruvec, page_lru(page));
|
2020-04-02 12:10:31 +08:00
|
|
|
mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page),
|
|
|
|
NR_ISOLATED_ANON + page_is_file_cache(page),
|
|
|
|
hpage_nr_pages(page));
|
2014-04-08 06:37:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
isolate_success:
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
list_add(&page->lru, &cc->migratepages);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->nr_migratepages++;
|
2011-01-14 07:45:54 +08:00
|
|
|
nr_isolated++;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:07 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Avoid isolating too much unless this block is being
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
* rescanned (e.g. dirty/writeback pages, parallel allocation)
|
|
|
|
* or a lock is contended. For contention, isolate quickly to
|
|
|
|
* potentially remove one source of contention.
|
2019-03-06 07:45:07 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->nr_migratepages == COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX &&
|
|
|
|
!cc->rescan && !cc->contended) {
|
2012-01-11 07:07:59 +08:00
|
|
|
++low_pfn;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
break;
|
2012-01-11 07:07:59 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
isolate_fail:
|
|
|
|
if (!skip_on_failure)
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We have isolated some pages, but then failed. Release them
|
|
|
|
* instead of migrating, as we cannot form the cc->order buddy
|
|
|
|
* page anyway.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (nr_isolated) {
|
|
|
|
if (locked) {
|
2019-03-06 07:49:39 +08:00
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgdat->lru_lock, flags);
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
locked = false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
putback_movable_pages(&cc->migratepages);
|
|
|
|
cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
|
|
|
|
nr_isolated = 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (low_pfn < next_skip_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
low_pfn = next_skip_pfn - 1;
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* The check near the loop beginning would have updated
|
|
|
|
* next_skip_pfn too, but this is a bit simpler.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
next_skip_pfn += 1UL << cc->order;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: skip buddy pages by their order in the migrate scanner
The migration scanner skips PageBuddy pages, but does not consider their
order as checking page_order() is generally unsafe without holding the
zone->lock, and acquiring the lock just for the check wouldn't be a good
tradeoff.
Still, this could avoid some iterations over the rest of the buddy page,
and if we are careful, the race window between PageBuddy() check and
page_order() is small, and the worst thing that can happen is that we skip
too much and miss some isolation candidates. This is not that bad, as
compaction can already fail for many other reasons like parallel
allocations, and those have much larger race window.
This patch therefore makes the migration scanner obtain the buddy page
order and use it to skip the whole buddy page, if the order appears to be
in the valid range.
It's important that the page_order() is read only once, so that the value
used in the checks and in the pfn calculation is the same. But in theory
the compiler can replace the local variable by multiple inlines of
page_order(). Therefore, the patch introduces page_order_unsafe() that
uses ACCESS_ONCE to prevent this.
Testing with stress-highalloc from mmtests shows a 15% reduction in number
of pages scanned by migration scanner. The reduction is >60% with
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, along with success rates better by few
percent.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:23 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* The PageBuddy() check could have potentially brought us outside
|
|
|
|
* the range to be scanned.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(low_pfn > end_pfn))
|
|
|
|
low_pfn = end_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
isolate_abort:
|
2012-08-22 07:16:17 +08:00
|
|
|
if (locked)
|
2019-03-06 07:49:39 +08:00
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgdat->lru_lock, flags);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2014-01-22 07:51:10 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2019-03-06 07:45:07 +08:00
|
|
|
* Updated the cached scanner pfn once the pageblock has been scanned
|
|
|
|
* Pages will either be migrated in which case there is no point
|
|
|
|
* scanning in the near future or migration failed in which case the
|
|
|
|
* failure reason may persist. The block is marked for skipping if
|
|
|
|
* there were no pages isolated in the block or if the block is
|
|
|
|
* rescanned twice in a row.
|
2014-01-22 07:51:10 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:45:07 +08:00
|
|
|
if (low_pfn == end_pfn && (!nr_isolated || cc->rescan)) {
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
if (valid_page && !skip_updated)
|
|
|
|
set_pageblock_skip(valid_page);
|
|
|
|
update_cached_migrate(cc, low_pfn);
|
|
|
|
}
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2015-02-12 07:27:04 +08:00
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages(start_pfn, low_pfn,
|
|
|
|
nr_scanned, nr_isolated);
|
2011-01-14 07:45:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm: compaction: avoid 100% CPU usage during compaction when a task is killed
"howaboutsynergy" reported via kernel buzilla number 204165 that
compact_zone_order was consuming 100% CPU during a stress test for
prolonged periods of time. Specifically the following command, which
should exit in 10 seconds, was taking an excessive time to finish while
the CPU was pegged at 100%.
stress -m 220 --vm-bytes 1000000000 --timeout 10
Tracing indicated a pattern as follows
stress-3923 [007] 519.106208: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106212: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106216: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106219: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106223: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106227: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106231: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106235: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106238: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
stress-3923 [007] 519.106242: mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages: range=(0x70bb80 ~ 0x70bb80) nr_scanned=0 nr_taken=0
Note that compaction is entered in rapid succession while scanning and
isolating nothing. The problem is that when a task that is compacting
receives a fatal signal, it retries indefinitely instead of exiting
while making no progress as a fatal signal is pending.
It's not easy to trigger this condition although enabling zswap helps on
the basis that the timing is altered. A very small window has to be hit
for the problem to occur (signal delivered while compacting and
isolating a PFN for migration that is not aligned to SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX).
This was reproduced locally -- 16G single socket system, 8G swap, 30%
zswap configured, vm-bytes 22000000000 using Colin Kings stress-ng
implementation from github running in a loop until the problem hits).
Tracing recorded the problem occurring almost 200K times in a short
window. With this patch, the problem hit 4 times but the task existed
normally instead of consuming CPU.
This problem has existed for some time but it was made worse by commit
cf66f0700c8f ("mm, compaction: do not consider a need to reschedule as
contention"). Before that commit, if the same condition was hit then
locks would be quickly contended and compaction would exit that way.
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204165
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190718085708.GE24383@techsingularity.net
Fixes: cf66f0700c8f ("mm, compaction: do not consider a need to reschedule as contention")
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [5.1+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-08-03 12:48:51 +08:00
|
|
|
fatal_pending:
|
2017-02-23 07:44:50 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->total_migrate_scanned += nr_scanned;
|
2012-10-19 19:00:10 +08:00
|
|
|
if (nr_isolated)
|
2012-12-21 07:05:06 +08:00
|
|
|
count_compact_events(COMPACTISOLATED, nr_isolated);
|
2012-10-19 19:00:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
return low_pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/**
|
|
|
|
* isolate_migratepages_range() - isolate migrate-able pages in a PFN range
|
|
|
|
* @cc: Compaction control structure.
|
|
|
|
* @start_pfn: The first PFN to start isolating.
|
|
|
|
* @end_pfn: The one-past-last PFN.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Returns zero if isolation fails fatally due to e.g. pending signal.
|
|
|
|
* Otherwise, function returns one-past-the-last PFN of isolated page
|
|
|
|
* (which may be greater than end_pfn if end fell in a middle of a THP page).
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
unsigned long
|
|
|
|
isolate_migratepages_range(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long start_pfn,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long end_pfn)
|
|
|
|
{
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long pfn, block_start_pfn, block_end_pfn;
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Scan block by block. First and last block may be incomplete */
|
|
|
|
pfn = start_pfn;
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(pfn);
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
if (block_start_pfn < cc->zone->zone_start_pfn)
|
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = cc->zone->zone_start_pfn;
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn);
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn = block_end_pfn,
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = block_end_pfn,
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, end_pfn);
|
|
|
|
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!pageblock_pfn_to_page(block_start_pfn,
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn, cc->zone))
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pfn = isolate_migratepages_block(cc, pfn, block_end_pfn,
|
|
|
|
ISOLATE_UNEVICTABLE);
|
|
|
|
|
2016-05-06 07:22:15 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!pfn)
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
break;
|
2014-10-30 05:50:20 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (cc->nr_migratepages == COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX)
|
|
|
|
break;
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION || CONFIG_CMA */
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
|
2015-04-16 07:15:20 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2017-05-09 06:54:43 +08:00
|
|
|
static bool suitable_migration_source(struct compact_control *cc,
|
|
|
|
struct page *page)
|
|
|
|
{
|
mm, compaction: restrict async compaction to pageblocks of same migratetype
The migrate scanner in async compaction is currently limited to
MIGRATE_MOVABLE pageblocks. This is a heuristic intended to reduce
latency, based on the assumption that non-MOVABLE pageblocks are
unlikely to contain movable pages.
However, with the exception of THP's, most high-order allocations are
not movable. Should the async compaction succeed, this increases the
chance that the non-MOVABLE allocations will fallback to a MOVABLE
pageblock, making the long-term fragmentation worse.
This patch attempts to help the situation by changing async direct
compaction so that the migrate scanner only scans the pageblocks of the
requested migratetype. If it's a non-MOVABLE type and there are such
pageblocks that do contain movable pages, chances are that the
allocation can succeed within one of such pageblocks, removing the need
for a fallback. If that fails, the subsequent sync attempt will ignore
this restriction.
In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 30%. The number of movable allocations falling back is reduced by
12%.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-05-09 06:54:49 +08:00
|
|
|
int block_mt;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:14 +08:00
|
|
|
if (pageblock_skip_persistent(page))
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: restrict async compaction to pageblocks of same migratetype
The migrate scanner in async compaction is currently limited to
MIGRATE_MOVABLE pageblocks. This is a heuristic intended to reduce
latency, based on the assumption that non-MOVABLE pageblocks are
unlikely to contain movable pages.
However, with the exception of THP's, most high-order allocations are
not movable. Should the async compaction succeed, this increases the
chance that the non-MOVABLE allocations will fallback to a MOVABLE
pageblock, making the long-term fragmentation worse.
This patch attempts to help the situation by changing async direct
compaction so that the migrate scanner only scans the pageblocks of the
requested migratetype. If it's a non-MOVABLE type and there are such
pageblocks that do contain movable pages, chances are that the
allocation can succeed within one of such pageblocks, removing the need
for a fallback. If that fails, the subsequent sync attempt will ignore
this restriction.
In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 30%. The number of movable allocations falling back is reduced by
12%.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-05-09 06:54:49 +08:00
|
|
|
if ((cc->mode != MIGRATE_ASYNC) || !cc->direct_compaction)
|
2017-05-09 06:54:43 +08:00
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: restrict async compaction to pageblocks of same migratetype
The migrate scanner in async compaction is currently limited to
MIGRATE_MOVABLE pageblocks. This is a heuristic intended to reduce
latency, based on the assumption that non-MOVABLE pageblocks are
unlikely to contain movable pages.
However, with the exception of THP's, most high-order allocations are
not movable. Should the async compaction succeed, this increases the
chance that the non-MOVABLE allocations will fallback to a MOVABLE
pageblock, making the long-term fragmentation worse.
This patch attempts to help the situation by changing async direct
compaction so that the migrate scanner only scans the pageblocks of the
requested migratetype. If it's a non-MOVABLE type and there are such
pageblocks that do contain movable pages, chances are that the
allocation can succeed within one of such pageblocks, removing the need
for a fallback. If that fails, the subsequent sync attempt will ignore
this restriction.
In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 30%. The number of movable allocations falling back is reduced by
12%.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-05-09 06:54:49 +08:00
|
|
|
block_mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (cc->migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
|
|
|
|
return is_migrate_movable(block_mt);
|
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
|
return block_mt == cc->migratetype;
|
2017-05-09 06:54:43 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2015-04-16 07:15:20 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Returns true if the page is within a block suitable for migration to */
|
2016-10-08 08:00:37 +08:00
|
|
|
static bool suitable_migration_target(struct compact_control *cc,
|
|
|
|
struct page *page)
|
2015-04-16 07:15:20 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
/* If the page is a large free page, then disallow migration */
|
|
|
|
if (PageBuddy(page)) {
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We are checking page_order without zone->lock taken. But
|
|
|
|
* the only small danger is that we skip a potentially suitable
|
|
|
|
* pageblock, so it's not worth to check order for valid range.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (page_order_unsafe(page) >= pageblock_order)
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-04 05:53:54 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->ignore_block_suitable)
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
|
2015-04-16 07:15:20 +08:00
|
|
|
/* If the block is MIGRATE_MOVABLE or MIGRATE_CMA, allow migration */
|
2017-05-09 06:54:43 +08:00
|
|
|
if (is_migrate_movable(get_pageblock_migratetype(page)))
|
2015-04-16 07:15:20 +08:00
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Otherwise skip the block */
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
static inline unsigned int
|
|
|
|
freelist_scan_limit(struct compact_control *cc)
|
|
|
|
{
|
2019-05-14 08:17:38 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned short shift = BITS_PER_LONG - 1;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return (COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX >> min(shift, cc->fast_search_fail)) + 1;
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: more robust check for scanners meeting
Assorted compaction cleanups and optimizations. The interesting patches
are 4 and 5. In 4, skipping of compound pages in single iteration is
improved for migration scanner, so it works also for !PageLRU compound
pages such as hugetlbfs, slab etc. Patch 5 introduces this kind of
skipping in the free scanner. The trick is that we can read
compound_order() without any protection, if we are careful to filter out
values larger than MAX_ORDER. The only danger is that we skip too much.
The same trick was already used for reading the freepage order in the
migrate scanner.
To demonstrate improvements of Patches 4 and 5 I've run stress-highalloc
from mmtests, set to simulate THP allocations (including __GFP_COMP) on
a 4GB system where 1GB was occupied by hugetlbfs pages. I'll include
just the relevant stats:
Patch 3 Patch 4 Patch 5
Compaction stalls 7523 7529 7515
Compaction success 323 304 322
Compaction failures 7200 7224 7192
Page migrate success 247778 264395 240737
Page migrate failure 15358 33184 21621
Compaction pages isolated 906928 980192 909983
Compaction migrate scanned 2005277 1692805 1498800
Compaction free scanned 13255284 11539986 9011276
Compaction cost 288 305 277
With 5 iterations per patch, the results are still noisy, but we can see
that Patch 4 does reduce migrate_scanned by 15% thanks to skipping the
hugetlbfs pages at once. Interestingly, free_scanned is also reduced
and I have no idea why. Patch 5 further reduces free_scanned as
expected, by 15%. Other stats are unaffected modulo noise.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/1/19/158
This patch (of 5):
Compaction should finish when the migration and free scanner meet, i.e.
they reach the same pageblock. Currently however, the test in
compact_finished() simply just compares the exact pfns, which may yield
a false negative when the free scanner position is in the middle of a
pageblock and the migration scanner reaches the begining of the same
pageblock.
This hasn't been a problem until commit e14c720efdd7 ("mm, compaction:
remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner") allowed the
free scanner position to be in the middle of a pageblock between
invocations. The hot-fix 1d5bfe1ffb5b ("mm, compaction: prevent
infinite loop in compact_zone") prevented the issue by adding a special
check in the migration scanner to satisfy the current detection of
scanners meeting.
However, the proper fix is to make the detection more robust. This
patch introduces the compact_scanners_met() function that returns true
when the free scanner position is in the same or lower pageblock than
the migration scanner. The special case in isolate_migratepages()
introduced by 1d5bfe1ffb5b is removed.
Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 06:02:36 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Test whether the free scanner has reached the same or lower pageblock than
|
|
|
|
* the migration scanner, and compaction should thus terminate.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static inline bool compact_scanners_met(struct compact_control *cc)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return (cc->free_pfn >> pageblock_order)
|
|
|
|
<= (cc->migrate_pfn >> pageblock_order);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Used when scanning for a suitable migration target which scans freelists
|
|
|
|
* in reverse. Reorders the list such as the unscanned pages are scanned
|
|
|
|
* first on the next iteration of the free scanner
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static void
|
|
|
|
move_freelist_head(struct list_head *freelist, struct page *freepage)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
LIST_HEAD(sublist);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!list_is_last(freelist, &freepage->lru)) {
|
|
|
|
list_cut_before(&sublist, freelist, &freepage->lru);
|
|
|
|
if (!list_empty(&sublist))
|
|
|
|
list_splice_tail(&sublist, freelist);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Similar to move_freelist_head except used by the migration scanner
|
|
|
|
* when scanning forward. It's possible for these list operations to
|
|
|
|
* move against each other if they search the free list exactly in
|
|
|
|
* lockstep.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
static void
|
|
|
|
move_freelist_tail(struct list_head *freelist, struct page *freepage)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
LIST_HEAD(sublist);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!list_is_first(freelist, &freepage->lru)) {
|
|
|
|
list_cut_position(&sublist, freelist, &freepage->lru);
|
|
|
|
if (!list_empty(&sublist))
|
|
|
|
list_splice_tail(&sublist, freelist);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
static void
|
|
|
|
fast_isolate_around(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_isolated)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
|
|
|
|
struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Do not search around if there are enough pages already */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->nr_freepages >= cc->nr_migratepages)
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Minimise scanning during async compaction */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->direct_compaction && cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC)
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Pageblock boundaries */
|
|
|
|
start_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(pfn);
|
2019-05-18 05:31:41 +08:00
|
|
|
end_pfn = min(pageblock_end_pfn(pfn), zone_end_pfn(cc->zone)) - 1;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Scan before */
|
|
|
|
if (start_pfn != pfn) {
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
isolate_freepages_block(cc, &start_pfn, pfn, &cc->freepages, 1, false);
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->nr_freepages >= cc->nr_migratepages)
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Scan after */
|
|
|
|
start_pfn = pfn + nr_isolated;
|
2019-05-18 05:31:41 +08:00
|
|
|
if (start_pfn < end_pfn)
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
isolate_freepages_block(cc, &start_pfn, end_pfn, &cc->freepages, 1, false);
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Skip this pageblock in the future as it's full or nearly full */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->nr_freepages < cc->nr_migratepages)
|
|
|
|
set_pageblock_skip(page);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:31 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Search orders in round-robin fashion */
|
|
|
|
static int next_search_order(struct compact_control *cc, int order)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
order--;
|
|
|
|
if (order < 0)
|
|
|
|
order = cc->order - 1;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Search wrapped around? */
|
|
|
|
if (order == cc->search_order) {
|
|
|
|
cc->search_order--;
|
|
|
|
if (cc->search_order < 0)
|
|
|
|
cc->search_order = cc->order - 1;
|
|
|
|
return -1;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return order;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
static unsigned long
|
|
|
|
fast_isolate_freepages(struct compact_control *cc)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned int limit = min(1U, freelist_scan_limit(cc) >> 1);
|
|
|
|
unsigned int nr_scanned = 0;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long low_pfn, min_pfn, high_pfn = 0, highest = 0;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long nr_isolated = 0;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long distance;
|
|
|
|
struct page *page = NULL;
|
|
|
|
bool scan_start = false;
|
|
|
|
int order;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Full compaction passes in a negative order */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->order <= 0)
|
|
|
|
return cc->free_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If starting the scan, use a deeper search and use the highest
|
|
|
|
* PFN found if a suitable one is not found.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->free_pfn >= cc->zone->compact_init_free_pfn) {
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
limit = pageblock_nr_pages >> 1;
|
|
|
|
scan_start = true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Preferred point is in the top quarter of the scan space but take
|
|
|
|
* a pfn from the top half if the search is problematic.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
distance = (cc->free_pfn - cc->migrate_pfn);
|
|
|
|
low_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(cc->free_pfn - (distance >> 2));
|
|
|
|
min_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(cc->free_pfn - (distance >> 1));
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(min_pfn > low_pfn))
|
|
|
|
low_pfn = min_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:31 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Search starts from the last successful isolation order or the next
|
|
|
|
* order to search after a previous failure
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
cc->search_order = min_t(unsigned int, cc->order - 1, cc->search_order);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (order = cc->search_order;
|
|
|
|
!page && order >= 0;
|
|
|
|
order = next_search_order(cc, order)) {
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
struct free_area *area = &cc->zone->free_area[order];
|
|
|
|
struct list_head *freelist;
|
|
|
|
struct page *freepage;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long flags;
|
|
|
|
unsigned int order_scanned = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!area->nr_free)
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
spin_lock_irqsave(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
freelist = &area->free_list[MIGRATE_MOVABLE];
|
|
|
|
list_for_each_entry_reverse(freepage, freelist, lru) {
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
order_scanned++;
|
|
|
|
nr_scanned++;
|
|
|
|
pfn = page_to_pfn(freepage);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pfn >= highest)
|
|
|
|
highest = pageblock_start_pfn(pfn);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pfn >= low_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
cc->fast_search_fail = 0;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:31 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->search_order = order;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
page = freepage;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pfn >= min_pfn && pfn > high_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
high_pfn = pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Shorten the scan if a candidate is found */
|
|
|
|
limit >>= 1;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (order_scanned >= limit)
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Use a minimum pfn if a preferred one was not found */
|
|
|
|
if (!page && high_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
page = pfn_to_page(high_pfn);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Update freepage for the list reorder below */
|
|
|
|
freepage = page;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Reorder to so a future search skips recent pages */
|
|
|
|
move_freelist_head(freelist, freepage);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Isolate the page if available */
|
|
|
|
if (page) {
|
|
|
|
if (__isolate_free_page(page, order)) {
|
|
|
|
set_page_private(page, order);
|
|
|
|
nr_isolated = 1 << order;
|
|
|
|
cc->nr_freepages += nr_isolated;
|
|
|
|
list_add_tail(&page->lru, &cc->freepages);
|
|
|
|
count_compact_events(COMPACTISOLATED, nr_isolated);
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
/* If isolation fails, abort the search */
|
2019-04-04 18:54:41 +08:00
|
|
|
order = cc->search_order + 1;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
page = NULL;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Smaller scan on next order so the total scan ig related
|
|
|
|
* to freelist_scan_limit.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (order_scanned >= limit)
|
|
|
|
limit = min(1U, limit >> 1);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!page) {
|
|
|
|
cc->fast_search_fail++;
|
|
|
|
if (scan_start) {
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Use the highest PFN found above min. If one was
|
|
|
|
* not found, be pessemistic for direct compaction
|
|
|
|
* and use the min mark.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (highest) {
|
|
|
|
page = pfn_to_page(highest);
|
|
|
|
cc->free_pfn = highest;
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
mm, compaction: make sure we isolate a valid PFN
When we have holes in a normal memory zone, we could endup having
cached_migrate_pfns which may not necessarily be valid, under heavy memory
pressure with swapping enabled ( via __reset_isolation_suitable(),
triggered by kswapd).
Later if we fail to find a page via fast_isolate_freepages(), we may end
up using the migrate_pfn we started the search with, as valid page. This
could lead to accessing NULL pointer derefernces like below, due to an
invalid mem_section pointer.
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000008 [47/1825]
Mem abort info:
ESR = 0x96000004
Exception class = DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
SET = 0, FnV = 0
EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
Data abort info:
ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004
CM = 0, WnR = 0
user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp = 0000000082f94ae9
[0000000000000008] pgd=0000000000000000
Internal error: Oops: 96000004 [#1] SMP
...
CPU: 10 PID: 6080 Comm: qemu-system-aar Not tainted 510-rc1+ #6
Hardware name: AmpereComputing(R) OSPREY EV-883832-X3-0001/OSPREY, BIOS 4819 09/25/2018
pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO)
pc : set_pfnblock_flags_mask+0x58/0xe8
lr : compaction_alloc+0x300/0x950
[...]
Process qemu-system-aar (pid: 6080, stack limit = 0x0000000095070da5)
Call trace:
set_pfnblock_flags_mask+0x58/0xe8
compaction_alloc+0x300/0x950
migrate_pages+0x1a4/0xbb0
compact_zone+0x750/0xde8
compact_zone_order+0xd8/0x118
try_to_compact_pages+0xb4/0x290
__alloc_pages_direct_compact+0x84/0x1e0
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x5e0/0xe18
alloc_pages_vma+0x1cc/0x210
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page+0x108/0x7c8
__handle_mm_fault+0xdd4/0x1190
handle_mm_fault+0x114/0x1c0
__get_user_pages+0x198/0x3c0
get_user_pages_unlocked+0xb4/0x1d8
__gfn_to_pfn_memslot+0x12c/0x3b8
gfn_to_pfn_prot+0x4c/0x60
kvm_handle_guest_abort+0x4b0/0xcd8
handle_exit+0x140/0x1b8
kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x260/0x768
kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x490/0x898
do_vfs_ioctl+0xc4/0x898
ksys_ioctl+0x8c/0xa0
__arm64_sys_ioctl+0x28/0x38
el0_svc_common+0x74/0x118
el0_svc_handler+0x38/0x78
el0_svc+0x8/0xc
Code: f8607840 f100001f 8b011401 9a801020 (f9400400)
---[ end trace af6a35219325a9b6 ]---
The issue was reported on an arm64 server with 128GB with holes in the
zone (e.g, [32GB@4GB, 96GB@544GB]), with a swap device enabled, while
running 100 KVM guest instances.
This patch fixes the issue by ensuring that the page belongs to a valid
PFN when we fallback to using the lower limit of the scan range upon
failure in fast_isolate_freepages().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1558711908-15688-1-git-send-email-suzuki.poulose@arm.com
Fixes: 5a811889de10f1eb ("mm, compaction: use free lists to quickly locate a migration target")
Signed-off-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Reported-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-06-01 13:30:59 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->direct_compaction && pfn_valid(min_pfn)) {
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
page = pfn_to_page(min_pfn);
|
|
|
|
cc->free_pfn = min_pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:28 +08:00
|
|
|
if (highest && highest >= cc->zone->compact_cached_free_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
highest -= pageblock_nr_pages;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = highest;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:28 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cc->total_free_scanned += nr_scanned;
|
|
|
|
if (!page)
|
|
|
|
return cc->free_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
low_pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
|
|
|
|
fast_isolate_around(cc, low_pfn, nr_isolated);
|
|
|
|
return low_pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
* Based on information in the current compact_control, find blocks
|
|
|
|
* suitable for isolating free pages from and then isolate them.
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
static void isolate_freepages(struct compact_control *cc)
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
struct zone *zone = cc->zone;
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *page;
|
2014-06-05 07:07:26 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long block_start_pfn; /* start of current pageblock */
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long isolate_start_pfn; /* exact pfn we start at */
|
2014-06-05 07:07:26 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long block_end_pfn; /* end of current pageblock */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long low_pfn; /* lowest pfn scanner is able to scan */
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
struct list_head *freelist = &cc->freepages;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned int stride;
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Try a small search of the free lists for a candidate */
|
|
|
|
isolate_start_pfn = fast_isolate_freepages(cc);
|
|
|
|
if (cc->nr_freepages)
|
|
|
|
goto splitmap;
|
|
|
|
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Initialise the free scanner. The starting point is where we last
|
2014-05-07 03:50:03 +08:00
|
|
|
* successfully isolated from, zone-cached value, or the end of the
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
* zone when isolating for the first time. For looping we also need
|
|
|
|
* this pfn aligned down to the pageblock boundary, because we do
|
2014-06-05 07:07:26 +08:00
|
|
|
* block_start_pfn -= pageblock_nr_pages in the for loop.
|
|
|
|
* For ending point, take care when isolating in last pageblock of a
|
|
|
|
* a zone which ends in the middle of a pageblock.
|
2014-05-07 03:50:03 +08:00
|
|
|
* The low boundary is the end of the pageblock the migration scanner
|
|
|
|
* is using.
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
isolate_start_pfn = cc->free_pfn;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(isolate_start_pfn);
|
2014-06-05 07:07:26 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = min(block_start_pfn + pageblock_nr_pages,
|
|
|
|
zone_end_pfn(zone));
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
low_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(cc->migrate_pfn);
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
stride = cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC ? COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX : 1;
|
2012-01-30 20:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Isolate free pages until enough are available to migrate the
|
|
|
|
* pages on cc->migratepages. We stop searching if the migrate
|
|
|
|
* and free page scanners meet or enough free pages are isolated.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2015-09-09 06:02:39 +08:00
|
|
|
for (; block_start_pfn >= low_pfn;
|
2014-06-05 07:07:26 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = block_start_pfn,
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn -= pageblock_nr_pages,
|
|
|
|
isolate_start_pfn = block_start_pfn) {
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long nr_isolated;
|
|
|
|
|
2013-10-01 04:45:03 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* This can iterate a massively long zone without finding any
|
2019-03-06 07:45:21 +08:00
|
|
|
* suitable migration targets, so periodically check resched.
|
2013-10-01 04:45:03 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:45:21 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!(block_start_pfn % (SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX * pageblock_nr_pages)))
|
2019-03-06 07:45:24 +08:00
|
|
|
cond_resched();
|
2013-10-01 04:45:03 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: reduce zone checking frequency in the migration scanner
The unification of the migrate and free scanner families of function has
highlighted a difference in how the scanners ensure they only isolate
pages of the intended zone. This is important for taking zone lock or lru
lock of the correct zone. Due to nodes overlapping, it is however
possible to encounter a different zone within the range of the zone being
compacted.
The free scanner, since its inception by commit 748446bb6b5a ("mm:
compaction: memory compaction core"), has been checking the zone of the
first valid page in a pageblock, and skipping the whole pageblock if the
zone does not match.
This checking was completely missing from the migration scanner at first,
and later added by commit dc9086004b3d ("mm: compaction: check for
overlapping nodes during isolation for migration") in a reaction to a bug
report. But the zone comparison in migration scanner is done once per a
single scanned page, which is more defensive and thus more costly than a
check per pageblock.
This patch unifies the checking done in both scanners to once per
pageblock, through a new pageblock_pfn_to_page() function, which also
includes pfn_valid() checks. It is more defensive than the current free
scanner checks, as it checks both the first and last page of the
pageblock, but less defensive by the migration scanner per-page checks.
It assumes that node overlapping may result (on some architecture) in a
boundary between two nodes falling into the middle of a pageblock, but
that there cannot be a node0 node1 node0 interleaving within a single
pageblock.
The result is more code being shared and a bit less per-page CPU cost in
the migration scanner.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
page = pageblock_pfn_to_page(block_start_pfn, block_end_pfn,
|
|
|
|
zone);
|
|
|
|
if (!page)
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Check the block is suitable for migration */
|
2016-10-08 08:00:37 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!suitable_migration_target(cc, page))
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
continue;
|
2012-06-04 11:05:57 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
/* If isolation recently failed, do not retry */
|
|
|
|
if (!isolation_suitable(cc, page))
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of
the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore
rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single
compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the
buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case.
This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a
middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to
the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page
it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn.
In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering
the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per
migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting
success rates.
With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio
(2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so
this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched()
aborts this kind of compaction.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:20 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Found a block suitable for isolating free pages from. */
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
nr_isolated = isolate_freepages_block(cc, &isolate_start_pfn,
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn, freelist, stride, false);
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:28 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Update the skip hint if the full pageblock was scanned */
|
|
|
|
if (isolate_start_pfn == block_end_pfn)
|
|
|
|
update_pageblock_skip(cc, page, block_start_pfn);
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Are enough freepages isolated? */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->nr_freepages >= cc->nr_migratepages) {
|
2016-07-15 03:06:50 +08:00
|
|
|
if (isolate_start_pfn >= block_end_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Restart at previous pageblock if more
|
|
|
|
* freepages can be isolated next time.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2015-09-09 06:02:39 +08:00
|
|
|
isolate_start_pfn =
|
|
|
|
block_start_pfn - pageblock_nr_pages;
|
2016-07-15 03:06:50 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
mm, compaction: properly signal and act upon lock and need_sched() contention
Compaction uses compact_checklock_irqsave() function to periodically check
for lock contention and need_resched() to either abort async compaction,
or to free the lock, schedule and retake the lock. When aborting,
cc->contended is set to signal the contended state to the caller. Two
problems have been identified in this mechanism.
First, compaction also calls directly cond_resched() in both scanners when
no lock is yet taken. This call either does not abort async compaction,
or set cc->contended appropriately. This patch introduces a new
compact_should_abort() function to achieve both. In isolate_freepages(),
the check frequency is reduced to once by SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX pageblocks to
match what the migration scanner does in the preliminary page checks. In
case a pageblock is found suitable for calling isolate_freepages_block(),
the checks within there are done on higher frequency.
Second, isolate_freepages() does not check if isolate_freepages_block()
aborted due to contention, and advances to the next pageblock. This
violates the principle of aborting on contention, and might result in
pageblocks not being scanned completely, since the scanning cursor is
advanced. This problem has been noticed in the code by Joonsoo Kim when
reviewing related patches. This patch makes isolate_freepages_block()
check the cc->contended flag and abort.
In case isolate_freepages() has already isolated some pages before
aborting due to contention, page migration will proceed, which is OK since
we do not want to waste the work that has been done, and page migration
has own checks for contention. However, we do not want another isolation
attempt by either of the scanners, so cc->contended flag check is added
also to compaction_alloc() and compact_finished() to make sure compaction
is aborted right after the migration.
The outcome of the patch should be reduced lock contention by async
compaction and lower latencies for higher-order allocations where direct
compaction is involved.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment]
Reported-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Tested-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-05 07:10:41 +08:00
|
|
|
break;
|
2016-07-15 03:06:50 +08:00
|
|
|
} else if (isolate_start_pfn < block_end_pfn) {
|
2015-09-09 06:02:39 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2016-07-15 03:06:50 +08:00
|
|
|
* If isolation failed early, do not continue
|
|
|
|
* needlessly.
|
2015-09-09 06:02:39 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-07-15 03:06:50 +08:00
|
|
|
break;
|
2015-09-09 06:02:39 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2019-03-06 07:45:34 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Adjust stride depending on isolation */
|
|
|
|
if (nr_isolated) {
|
|
|
|
stride = 1;
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
stride = min_t(unsigned int, COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX, stride << 1);
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm: compaction: detect when scanners meet in isolate_freepages
Compaction of a zone is finished when the migrate scanner (which begins
at the zone's lowest pfn) meets the free page scanner (which begins at
the zone's highest pfn). This is detected in compact_zone() and in the
case of direct compaction, the compact_blockskip_flush flag is set so
that kswapd later resets the cached scanner pfn's, and a new compaction
may again start at the zone's borders.
The meeting of the scanners can happen during either scanner's activity.
However, it may currently fail to be detected when it occurs in the free
page scanner, due to two problems. First, isolate_freepages() keeps
free_pfn at the highest block where it isolated pages from, for the
purposes of not missing the pages that are returned back to allocator
when migration fails. Second, failing to isolate enough free pages due
to scanners meeting results in -ENOMEM being returned by
migrate_pages(), which makes compact_zone() bail out immediately without
calling compact_finished() that would detect scanners meeting.
This failure to detect scanners meeting might result in repeated
attempts at compaction of a zone that keep starting from the cached
pfn's close to the meeting point, and quickly failing through the
-ENOMEM path, without the cached pfns being reset, over and over. This
has been observed (through additional tracepoints) in the third phase of
the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, where the allocator runs on an
otherwise idle system. The problem was observed in the DMA32 zone,
which was used as a fallback to the preferred Normal zone, but on the
4GB system it was actually the largest zone. The problem is even
amplified for such fallback zone - the deferred compaction logic, which
could (after being fixed by a previous patch) reset the cached scanner
pfn's, is only applied to the preferred zone and not for the fallbacks.
The problem in the third phase of the benchmark was further amplified by
commit 81c0a2bb515f ("mm: page_alloc: fair zone allocator policy") which
resulted in a non-deterministic regression of the allocation success
rate from ~85% to ~65%. This occurs in about half of benchmark runs,
making bisection problematic. It is unlikely that the commit itself is
buggy, but it should put more pressure on the DMA32 zone during phases 1
and 2, which may leave it more fragmented in phase 3 and expose the bugs
that this patch fixes.
The fix is to make scanners meeting in isolate_freepage() stay that way,
and to check in compact_zone() for scanners meeting when migrate_pages()
returns -ENOMEM. The result is that compact_finished() also detects
scanners meeting and sets the compact_blockskip_flush flag to make
kswapd reset the scanner pfn's.
The results in stress-highalloc benchmark show that the "regression" by
commit 81c0a2bb515f in phase 3 no longer occurs, and phase 1 and 2
allocation success rates are also significantly improved.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-22 07:51:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2015-09-09 06:02:39 +08:00
|
|
|
* Record where the free scanner will restart next time. Either we
|
|
|
|
* broke from the loop and set isolate_start_pfn based on the last
|
|
|
|
* call to isolate_freepages_block(), or we met the migration scanner
|
|
|
|
* and the loop terminated due to isolate_start_pfn < low_pfn
|
mm: compaction: detect when scanners meet in isolate_freepages
Compaction of a zone is finished when the migrate scanner (which begins
at the zone's lowest pfn) meets the free page scanner (which begins at
the zone's highest pfn). This is detected in compact_zone() and in the
case of direct compaction, the compact_blockskip_flush flag is set so
that kswapd later resets the cached scanner pfn's, and a new compaction
may again start at the zone's borders.
The meeting of the scanners can happen during either scanner's activity.
However, it may currently fail to be detected when it occurs in the free
page scanner, due to two problems. First, isolate_freepages() keeps
free_pfn at the highest block where it isolated pages from, for the
purposes of not missing the pages that are returned back to allocator
when migration fails. Second, failing to isolate enough free pages due
to scanners meeting results in -ENOMEM being returned by
migrate_pages(), which makes compact_zone() bail out immediately without
calling compact_finished() that would detect scanners meeting.
This failure to detect scanners meeting might result in repeated
attempts at compaction of a zone that keep starting from the cached
pfn's close to the meeting point, and quickly failing through the
-ENOMEM path, without the cached pfns being reset, over and over. This
has been observed (through additional tracepoints) in the third phase of
the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, where the allocator runs on an
otherwise idle system. The problem was observed in the DMA32 zone,
which was used as a fallback to the preferred Normal zone, but on the
4GB system it was actually the largest zone. The problem is even
amplified for such fallback zone - the deferred compaction logic, which
could (after being fixed by a previous patch) reset the cached scanner
pfn's, is only applied to the preferred zone and not for the fallbacks.
The problem in the third phase of the benchmark was further amplified by
commit 81c0a2bb515f ("mm: page_alloc: fair zone allocator policy") which
resulted in a non-deterministic regression of the allocation success
rate from ~85% to ~65%. This occurs in about half of benchmark runs,
making bisection problematic. It is unlikely that the commit itself is
buggy, but it should put more pressure on the DMA32 zone during phases 1
and 2, which may leave it more fragmented in phase 3 and expose the bugs
that this patch fixes.
The fix is to make scanners meeting in isolate_freepage() stay that way,
and to check in compact_zone() for scanners meeting when migrate_pages()
returns -ENOMEM. The result is that compact_finished() also detects
scanners meeting and sets the compact_blockskip_flush flag to make
kswapd reset the scanner pfn's.
The results in stress-highalloc benchmark show that the "regression" by
commit 81c0a2bb515f in phase 3 no longer occurs, and phase 1 and 2
allocation success rates are also significantly improved.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-22 07:51:09 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2015-09-09 06:02:39 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->free_pfn = isolate_start_pfn;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
splitmap:
|
|
|
|
/* __isolate_free_page() does not map the pages */
|
|
|
|
split_map_pages(freelist);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* This is a migrate-callback that "allocates" freepages by taking pages
|
|
|
|
* from the isolated freelists in the block we are migrating to.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static struct page *compaction_alloc(struct page *migratepage,
|
2018-04-11 07:30:03 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long data)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct compact_control *cc = (struct compact_control *)data;
|
|
|
|
struct page *freepage;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (list_empty(&cc->freepages)) {
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
isolate_freepages(cc);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (list_empty(&cc->freepages))
|
|
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
freepage = list_entry(cc->freepages.next, struct page, lru);
|
|
|
|
list_del(&freepage->lru);
|
|
|
|
cc->nr_freepages--;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return freepage;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2014-06-05 07:08:26 +08:00
|
|
|
* This is a migrate-callback that "frees" freepages back to the isolated
|
|
|
|
* freelist. All pages on the freelist are from the same zone, so there is no
|
|
|
|
* special handling needed for NUMA.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static void compaction_free(struct page *page, unsigned long data)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct compact_control *cc = (struct compact_control *)data;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
list_add(&page->lru, &cc->freepages);
|
|
|
|
cc->nr_freepages++;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
/* possible outcome of isolate_migratepages */
|
|
|
|
typedef enum {
|
|
|
|
ISOLATE_ABORT, /* Abort compaction now */
|
|
|
|
ISOLATE_NONE, /* No pages isolated, continue scanning */
|
|
|
|
ISOLATE_SUCCESS, /* Pages isolated, migrate */
|
|
|
|
} isolate_migrate_t;
|
|
|
|
|
2015-04-16 07:13:20 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Allow userspace to control policy on scanning the unevictable LRU for
|
|
|
|
* compactable pages.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2020-04-02 12:10:42 +08:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
|
|
|
|
int sysctl_compact_unevictable_allowed __read_mostly = 0;
|
|
|
|
#else
|
2015-04-16 07:13:20 +08:00
|
|
|
int sysctl_compact_unevictable_allowed __read_mostly = 1;
|
2020-04-02 12:10:42 +08:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
2015-04-16 07:13:20 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
static inline void
|
|
|
|
update_fast_start_pfn(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long pfn)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (cc->fast_start_pfn == ULONG_MAX)
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!cc->fast_start_pfn)
|
|
|
|
cc->fast_start_pfn = pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cc->fast_start_pfn = min(cc->fast_start_pfn, pfn);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline unsigned long
|
|
|
|
reinit_migrate_pfn(struct compact_control *cc)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (!cc->fast_start_pfn || cc->fast_start_pfn == ULONG_MAX)
|
|
|
|
return cc->migrate_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cc->migrate_pfn = cc->fast_start_pfn;
|
|
|
|
cc->fast_start_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return cc->migrate_pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Briefly search the free lists for a migration source that already has
|
|
|
|
* some free pages to reduce the number of pages that need migration
|
|
|
|
* before a pageblock is free.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static unsigned long fast_find_migrateblock(struct compact_control *cc)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned int limit = freelist_scan_limit(cc);
|
|
|
|
unsigned int nr_scanned = 0;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long distance;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pfn = cc->migrate_pfn;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long high_pfn;
|
|
|
|
int order;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Skip hints are relied on to avoid repeats on the fast search */
|
|
|
|
if (cc->ignore_skip_hint)
|
|
|
|
return pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If the migrate_pfn is not at the start of a zone or the start
|
|
|
|
* of a pageblock then assume this is a continuation of a previous
|
|
|
|
* scan restarted due to COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (pfn != cc->zone->zone_start_pfn && pfn != pageblock_start_pfn(pfn))
|
|
|
|
return pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* For smaller orders, just linearly scan as the number of pages
|
|
|
|
* to migrate should be relatively small and does not necessarily
|
|
|
|
* justify freeing up a large block for a small allocation.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (cc->order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
|
|
|
|
return pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Only allow kcompactd and direct requests for movable pages to
|
|
|
|
* quickly clear out a MOVABLE pageblock for allocation. This
|
|
|
|
* reduces the risk that a large movable pageblock is freed for
|
|
|
|
* an unmovable/reclaimable small allocation.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (cc->direct_compaction && cc->migratetype != MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
|
|
|
|
return pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* When starting the migration scanner, pick any pageblock within the
|
|
|
|
* first half of the search space. Otherwise try and pick a pageblock
|
|
|
|
* within the first eighth to reduce the chances that a migration
|
|
|
|
* target later becomes a source.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
distance = (cc->free_pfn - cc->migrate_pfn) >> 1;
|
|
|
|
if (cc->migrate_pfn != cc->zone->zone_start_pfn)
|
|
|
|
distance >>= 2;
|
|
|
|
high_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(cc->migrate_pfn + distance);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (order = cc->order - 1;
|
|
|
|
order >= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER && pfn == cc->migrate_pfn && nr_scanned < limit;
|
|
|
|
order--) {
|
|
|
|
struct free_area *area = &cc->zone->free_area[order];
|
|
|
|
struct list_head *freelist;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long flags;
|
|
|
|
struct page *freepage;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!area->nr_free)
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
spin_lock_irqsave(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
freelist = &area->free_list[MIGRATE_MOVABLE];
|
|
|
|
list_for_each_entry(freepage, freelist, lru) {
|
|
|
|
unsigned long free_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nr_scanned++;
|
|
|
|
free_pfn = page_to_pfn(freepage);
|
|
|
|
if (free_pfn < high_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Avoid if skipped recently. Ideally it would
|
|
|
|
* move to the tail but even safe iteration of
|
|
|
|
* the list assumes an entry is deleted, not
|
|
|
|
* reordered.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (get_pageblock_skip(freepage)) {
|
|
|
|
if (list_is_last(freelist, &freepage->lru))
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Reorder to so a future search skips recent pages */
|
|
|
|
move_freelist_tail(freelist, freepage);
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
update_fast_start_pfn(cc, free_pfn);
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(free_pfn);
|
|
|
|
cc->fast_search_fail = 0;
|
|
|
|
set_pageblock_skip(freepage);
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (nr_scanned >= limit) {
|
|
|
|
cc->fast_search_fail++;
|
|
|
|
move_freelist_tail(freelist, freepage);
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cc->total_migrate_scanned += nr_scanned;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If fast scanning failed then use a cached entry for a page block
|
|
|
|
* that had free pages as the basis for starting a linear scan.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (pfn == cc->migrate_pfn)
|
|
|
|
pfn = reinit_migrate_pfn(cc);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return pfn;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
* Isolate all pages that can be migrated from the first suitable block,
|
|
|
|
* starting at the block pointed to by the migrate scanner pfn within
|
|
|
|
* compact_control.
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-09-24 06:36:58 +08:00
|
|
|
static isolate_migrate_t isolate_migratepages(struct compact_control *cc)
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long block_start_pfn;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long block_end_pfn;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long low_pfn;
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
struct page *page;
|
|
|
|
const isolate_mode_t isolate_mode =
|
2015-04-16 07:13:20 +08:00
|
|
|
(sysctl_compact_unevictable_allowed ? ISOLATE_UNEVICTABLE : 0) |
|
2016-07-29 06:48:41 +08:00
|
|
|
(cc->mode != MIGRATE_SYNC ? ISOLATE_ASYNC_MIGRATE : 0);
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
bool fast_find_block;
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Start at where we last stopped, or beginning of the zone as
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
* initialized by compact_zone(). The first failure will use
|
|
|
|
* the lowest PFN as the starting point for linear scanning.
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
low_pfn = fast_find_migrateblock(cc);
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(low_pfn);
|
2019-09-24 06:36:58 +08:00
|
|
|
if (block_start_pfn < cc->zone->zone_start_pfn)
|
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = cc->zone->zone_start_pfn;
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* fast_find_migrateblock marks a pageblock skipped so to avoid
|
|
|
|
* the isolation_suitable check below, check whether the fast
|
|
|
|
* search was successful.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
fast_find_block = low_pfn != cc->migrate_pfn && !cc->fast_search_fail;
|
|
|
|
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Only scan within a pageblock boundary */
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_end_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(low_pfn);
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Iterate over whole pageblocks until we find the first suitable.
|
|
|
|
* Do not cross the free scanner.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
for (; block_end_pfn <= cc->free_pfn;
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
fast_find_block = false,
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
low_pfn = block_end_pfn,
|
|
|
|
block_start_pfn = block_end_pfn,
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) {
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* This can potentially iterate a massively long zone with
|
|
|
|
* many pageblocks unsuitable, so periodically check if we
|
2019-03-06 07:45:21 +08:00
|
|
|
* need to schedule.
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:45:21 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!(low_pfn % (SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX * pageblock_nr_pages)))
|
2019-03-06 07:45:24 +08:00
|
|
|
cond_resched();
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-09-24 06:36:58 +08:00
|
|
|
page = pageblock_pfn_to_page(block_start_pfn,
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn, cc->zone);
|
mm, compaction: reduce zone checking frequency in the migration scanner
The unification of the migrate and free scanner families of function has
highlighted a difference in how the scanners ensure they only isolate
pages of the intended zone. This is important for taking zone lock or lru
lock of the correct zone. Due to nodes overlapping, it is however
possible to encounter a different zone within the range of the zone being
compacted.
The free scanner, since its inception by commit 748446bb6b5a ("mm:
compaction: memory compaction core"), has been checking the zone of the
first valid page in a pageblock, and skipping the whole pageblock if the
zone does not match.
This checking was completely missing from the migration scanner at first,
and later added by commit dc9086004b3d ("mm: compaction: check for
overlapping nodes during isolation for migration") in a reaction to a bug
report. But the zone comparison in migration scanner is done once per a
single scanned page, which is more defensive and thus more costly than a
check per pageblock.
This patch unifies the checking done in both scanners to once per
pageblock, through a new pageblock_pfn_to_page() function, which also
includes pfn_valid() checks. It is more defensive than the current free
scanner checks, as it checks both the first and last page of the
pageblock, but less defensive by the migration scanner per-page checks.
It assumes that node overlapping may result (on some architecture) in a
boundary between two nodes falling into the middle of a pageblock, but
that there cannot be a node0 node1 node0 interleaving within a single
pageblock.
The result is more code being shared and a bit less per-page CPU cost in
the migration scanner.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!page)
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:58 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If isolation recently failed, do not retry. Only check the
|
|
|
|
* pageblock once. COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX causes a pageblock
|
|
|
|
* to be visited multiple times. Assume skip was checked
|
|
|
|
* before making it "skip" so other compaction instances do
|
|
|
|
* not scan the same block.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (IS_ALIGNED(low_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages) &&
|
|
|
|
!fast_find_block && !isolation_suitable(cc, page))
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2019-03-06 07:45:14 +08:00
|
|
|
* For async compaction, also only scan in MOVABLE blocks
|
|
|
|
* without huge pages. Async compaction is optimistic to see
|
|
|
|
* if the minimum amount of work satisfies the allocation.
|
|
|
|
* The cached PFN is updated as it's possible that all
|
|
|
|
* remaining blocks between source and target are unsuitable
|
|
|
|
* and the compaction scanners fail to meet.
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:45:14 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!suitable_migration_source(cc, page)) {
|
|
|
|
update_cached_migrate(cc, block_end_pfn);
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
continue;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:14 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Perform the isolation */
|
2016-03-16 05:57:48 +08:00
|
|
|
low_pfn = isolate_migratepages_block(cc, low_pfn,
|
|
|
|
block_end_pfn, isolate_mode);
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!low_pfn)
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
return ISOLATE_ABORT;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Either we isolated something and proceed with migration. Or
|
|
|
|
* we failed and compact_zone should decide if we should
|
|
|
|
* continue or not.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: more robust check for scanners meeting
Assorted compaction cleanups and optimizations. The interesting patches
are 4 and 5. In 4, skipping of compound pages in single iteration is
improved for migration scanner, so it works also for !PageLRU compound
pages such as hugetlbfs, slab etc. Patch 5 introduces this kind of
skipping in the free scanner. The trick is that we can read
compound_order() without any protection, if we are careful to filter out
values larger than MAX_ORDER. The only danger is that we skip too much.
The same trick was already used for reading the freepage order in the
migrate scanner.
To demonstrate improvements of Patches 4 and 5 I've run stress-highalloc
from mmtests, set to simulate THP allocations (including __GFP_COMP) on
a 4GB system where 1GB was occupied by hugetlbfs pages. I'll include
just the relevant stats:
Patch 3 Patch 4 Patch 5
Compaction stalls 7523 7529 7515
Compaction success 323 304 322
Compaction failures 7200 7224 7192
Page migrate success 247778 264395 240737
Page migrate failure 15358 33184 21621
Compaction pages isolated 906928 980192 909983
Compaction migrate scanned 2005277 1692805 1498800
Compaction free scanned 13255284 11539986 9011276
Compaction cost 288 305 277
With 5 iterations per patch, the results are still noisy, but we can see
that Patch 4 does reduce migrate_scanned by 15% thanks to skipping the
hugetlbfs pages at once. Interestingly, free_scanned is also reduced
and I have no idea why. Patch 5 further reduces free_scanned as
expected, by 15%. Other stats are unaffected modulo noise.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/1/19/158
This patch (of 5):
Compaction should finish when the migration and free scanner meet, i.e.
they reach the same pageblock. Currently however, the test in
compact_finished() simply just compares the exact pfns, which may yield
a false negative when the free scanner position is in the middle of a
pageblock and the migration scanner reaches the begining of the same
pageblock.
This hasn't been a problem until commit e14c720efdd7 ("mm, compaction:
remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner") allowed the
free scanner position to be in the middle of a pageblock between
invocations. The hot-fix 1d5bfe1ffb5b ("mm, compaction: prevent
infinite loop in compact_zone") prevented the issue by adding a special
check in the migration scanner to satisfy the current detection of
scanners meeting.
However, the proper fix is to make the detection more robust. This
patch introduces the compact_scanners_met() function that returns true
when the free scanner position is in the same or lower pageblock than
the migration scanner. The special case in isolate_migratepages()
introduced by 1d5bfe1ffb5b is removed.
Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 06:02:36 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Record where migration scanner will be restarted. */
|
|
|
|
cc->migrate_pfn = low_pfn;
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction
scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages()
during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's
__alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide
compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks
if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks.
However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA:
- isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true
- migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction
We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to
isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range().
Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which
has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from
isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each
use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code
simplification.
Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to
isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single
pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different
isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the
_block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to
isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families
of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable,
since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone.
Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when
pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful
- the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore
also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does
not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until
isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to
isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to
reschedule or abort async compaction.
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:09 +08:00
|
|
|
return cc->nr_migratepages ? ISOLATE_SUCCESS : ISOLATE_NONE;
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2015-11-06 10:47:20 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* order == -1 is expected when compacting via
|
|
|
|
* /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static inline bool is_via_compact_memory(int order)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return order == -1;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
static enum compact_result __compact_finished(struct compact_control *cc)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2013-01-12 06:32:16 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned int order;
|
2017-05-09 06:54:46 +08:00
|
|
|
const int migratetype = cc->migratetype;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
int ret;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:40 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Compaction run completes if the migrate and free scanner meet */
|
mm, compaction: more robust check for scanners meeting
Assorted compaction cleanups and optimizations. The interesting patches
are 4 and 5. In 4, skipping of compound pages in single iteration is
improved for migration scanner, so it works also for !PageLRU compound
pages such as hugetlbfs, slab etc. Patch 5 introduces this kind of
skipping in the free scanner. The trick is that we can read
compound_order() without any protection, if we are careful to filter out
values larger than MAX_ORDER. The only danger is that we skip too much.
The same trick was already used for reading the freepage order in the
migrate scanner.
To demonstrate improvements of Patches 4 and 5 I've run stress-highalloc
from mmtests, set to simulate THP allocations (including __GFP_COMP) on
a 4GB system where 1GB was occupied by hugetlbfs pages. I'll include
just the relevant stats:
Patch 3 Patch 4 Patch 5
Compaction stalls 7523 7529 7515
Compaction success 323 304 322
Compaction failures 7200 7224 7192
Page migrate success 247778 264395 240737
Page migrate failure 15358 33184 21621
Compaction pages isolated 906928 980192 909983
Compaction migrate scanned 2005277 1692805 1498800
Compaction free scanned 13255284 11539986 9011276
Compaction cost 288 305 277
With 5 iterations per patch, the results are still noisy, but we can see
that Patch 4 does reduce migrate_scanned by 15% thanks to skipping the
hugetlbfs pages at once. Interestingly, free_scanned is also reduced
and I have no idea why. Patch 5 further reduces free_scanned as
expected, by 15%. Other stats are unaffected modulo noise.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/1/19/158
This patch (of 5):
Compaction should finish when the migration and free scanner meet, i.e.
they reach the same pageblock. Currently however, the test in
compact_finished() simply just compares the exact pfns, which may yield
a false negative when the free scanner position is in the middle of a
pageblock and the migration scanner reaches the begining of the same
pageblock.
This hasn't been a problem until commit e14c720efdd7 ("mm, compaction:
remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner") allowed the
free scanner position to be in the middle of a pageblock between
invocations. The hot-fix 1d5bfe1ffb5b ("mm, compaction: prevent
infinite loop in compact_zone") prevented the issue by adding a special
check in the migration scanner to satisfy the current detection of
scanners meeting.
However, the proper fix is to make the detection more robust. This
patch introduces the compact_scanners_met() function that returns true
when the free scanner position is in the same or lower pageblock than
the migration scanner. The special case in isolate_migratepages()
introduced by 1d5bfe1ffb5b is removed.
Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 06:02:36 +08:00
|
|
|
if (compact_scanners_met(cc)) {
|
2014-01-22 07:51:11 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Let the next compaction start anew. */
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
reset_cached_positions(cc->zone);
|
2014-01-22 07:51:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:47 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Mark that the PG_migrate_skip information should be cleared
|
mm, kswapd: replace kswapd compaction with waking up kcompactd
Similarly to direct reclaim/compaction, kswapd attempts to combine
reclaim and compaction to attempt making memory allocation of given
order available.
The details differ from direct reclaim e.g. in having high watermark as
a goal. The code involved in kswapd's reclaim/compaction decisions has
evolved to be quite complex.
Testing reveals that it doesn't actually work in at least one scenario,
and closer inspection suggests that it could be greatly simplified
without compromising on the goal (make high-order page available) or
efficiency (don't reclaim too much). The simplification relieas of
doing all compaction in kcompactd, which is simply woken up when high
watermarks are reached by kswapd's reclaim.
The scenario where kswapd compaction doesn't work was found with mmtests
test stress-highalloc configured to attempt order-9 allocations without
direct reclaim, just waking up kswapd. There was no compaction attempt
from kswapd during the whole test. Some added instrumentation shows
what happens:
- balance_pgdat() sets end_zone to Normal, as it's not balanced
- reclaim is attempted on DMA zone, which sets nr_attempted to 99, but
it cannot reclaim anything, so sc.nr_reclaimed is 0
- for zones DMA32 and Normal, kswapd_shrink_zone uses testorder=0, so
it merely checks if high watermarks were reached for base pages.
This is true, so no reclaim is attempted. For DMA, testorder=0
wasn't used, as compaction_suitable() returned COMPACT_SKIPPED
- even though the pgdat_needs_compaction flag wasn't set to false, no
compaction happens due to the condition sc.nr_reclaimed >
nr_attempted being false (as 0 < 99)
- priority-- due to nr_reclaimed being 0, repeat until priority reaches
0 pgdat_balanced() is false as only the small zone DMA appears
balanced (curiously in that check, watermark appears OK and
compaction_suitable() returns COMPACT_PARTIAL, because a lower
classzone_idx is used there)
Now, even if it was decided that reclaim shouldn't be attempted on the
DMA zone, the scenario would be the same, as (sc.nr_reclaimed=0 >
nr_attempted=0) is also false. The condition really should use >= as
the comment suggests. Then there is a mismatch in the check for setting
pgdat_needs_compaction to false using low watermark, while the rest uses
high watermark, and who knows what other subtlety. Hopefully this
demonstrates that this is unsustainable.
Luckily we can simplify this a lot. The reclaim/compaction decisions
make sense for direct reclaim scenario, but in kswapd, our primary goal
is to reach high watermark in order-0 pages. Afterwards we can attempt
compaction just once. Unlike direct reclaim, we don't reclaim extra
pages (over the high watermark), the current code already disallows it
for good reasons.
After this patch, we simply wake up kcompactd to process the pgdat,
after we have either succeeded or failed to reach the high watermarks in
kswapd, which goes to sleep. We pass kswapd's order and classzone_idx,
so kcompactd can apply the same criteria to determine which zones are
worth compacting. Note that we use the classzone_idx from
wakeup_kswapd(), not balanced_classzone_idx which can include higher
zones that kswapd tried to balance too, but didn't consider them in
pgdat_balanced().
Since kswapd now cannot create high-order pages itself, we need to
adjust how it determines the zones to be balanced. The key element here
is adding a "highorder" parameter to zone_balanced, which, when set to
false, makes it consider only order-0 watermark instead of the desired
higher order (this was done previously by kswapd_shrink_zone(), but not
elsewhere). This false is passed for example in pgdat_balanced().
Importantly, wakeup_kswapd() uses true to make sure kswapd and thus
kcompactd are woken up for a high-order allocation failure.
The last thing is to decide what to do with pageblock_skip bitmap
handling. Compaction maintains a pageblock_skip bitmap to record
pageblocks where isolation recently failed. This bitmap can be reset by
three ways:
1) direct compaction is restarting after going through the full deferred cycle
2) kswapd goes to sleep, and some other direct compaction has previously
finished scanning the whole zone and set zone->compact_blockskip_flush.
Note that a successful direct compaction clears this flag.
3) compaction was invoked manually via trigger in /proc
The case 2) is somewhat fuzzy to begin with, but after introducing
kcompactd we should update it. The check for direct compaction in 1),
and to set the flush flag in 2) use current_is_kswapd(), which doesn't
work for kcompactd. Thus, this patch adds bool direct_compaction to
compact_control to use in 2). For the case 1) we remove the check
completely - unlike the former kswapd compaction, kcompactd does use the
deferred compaction functionality, so flushing tied to restarting from
deferred compaction makes sense here.
Note that when kswapd goes to sleep, kcompactd is woken up, so it will
see the flushed pageblock_skip bits. This is different from when the
former kswapd compaction observed the bits and I believe it makes more
sense. Kcompactd can afford to be more thorough than a direct
compaction trying to limit allocation latency, or kswapd whose primary
goal is to reclaim.
For testing, I used stress-highalloc configured to do order-9
allocations with GFP_NOWAIT|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP, so they relied just
on kswapd/kcompactd reclaim/compaction (the interfering kernel builds in
phases 1 and 2 work as usual):
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Success 1 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 1 Mean 1.40 ( 0.00%) 6.20 (-55.00%)
Success 1 Max 2.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 2 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 2 Mean 1.80 ( 0.00%) 6.40 (-52.38%)
Success 2 Max 3.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 3 Min 34.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 1.59%)
Success 3 Mean 41.80 ( 0.00%) 63.80 ( 1.24%)
Success 3 Max 53.00 ( 0.00%) 65.00 ( 2.99%)
User 3166.67 3181.09
System 1153.37 1158.25
Elapsed 1768.53 1799.37
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Direct pages scanned 32938 32797
Kswapd pages scanned 2183166 2202613
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2152359 2143524
Direct pages reclaimed 32735 32545
Percentage direct scans 1% 1%
THP fault alloc 579 612
THP collapse alloc 304 316
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 793 778
THP collapse fail 11 16
Compaction stalls 1013 1007
Compaction success 92 67
Compaction failures 920 939
Page migrate success 238457 721374
Page migrate failure 23021 23469
Compaction pages isolated 504695 1479924
Compaction migrate scanned 661390 8812554
Compaction free scanned 13476658 84327916
Compaction cost 262 838
After this patch we see improvements in allocation success rate
(especially for phase 3) along with increased compaction activity. The
compaction stalls (direct compaction) in the interfering kernel builds
(probably THP's) also decreased somewhat thanks to kcompactd activity,
yet THP alloc successes improved a bit.
Note that elapsed and user time isn't so useful for this benchmark,
because of the background interference being unpredictable. It's just
to quickly spot some major unexpected differences. System time is
somewhat more useful and that didn't increase.
Also (after adjusting mmtests' ftrace monitor):
Time kswapd awake 2547781 2269241
Time kcompactd awake 0 119253
Time direct compacting 939937 557649
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 119099
The decrease of overal time spent compacting appears to not match the
increased compaction stats. I suspect the tasks get rescheduled and
since the ftrace monitor doesn't see that, the reported time is wall
time, not CPU time. But arguably direct compactors care about overall
latency anyway, whether busy compacting or waiting for CPU doesn't
matter. And that latency seems to almost halved.
It's also interesting how much time kswapd spent awake just going
through all the priorities and failing to even try compacting, over and
over.
We can also configure stress-highalloc to perform both direct
reclaim/compaction and wakeup kswapd/kcompactd, by using
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP:
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Success 1 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 1 Mean 8.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-19.05%)
Success 1 Max 12.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 15.38%)
Success 2 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 2 Mean 8.20 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-16.28%)
Success 2 Max 13.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 8.33%)
Success 3 Min 75.00 ( 0.00%) 74.00 ( 1.33%)
Success 3 Mean 75.60 ( 0.00%) 75.20 ( 0.53%)
Success 3 Max 77.00 ( 0.00%) 76.00 ( 0.00%)
User 3344.73 3246.04
System 1194.24 1172.29
Elapsed 1838.04 1836.76
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Direct pages scanned 125146 120966
Kswapd pages scanned 2119757 2135012
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2073183 2108388
Direct pages reclaimed 124909 120577
Percentage direct scans 5% 5%
THP fault alloc 599 652
THP collapse alloc 323 354
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 806 793
THP collapse fail 17 16
Compaction stalls 2457 2025
Compaction success 906 518
Compaction failures 1551 1507
Page migrate success 2031423 2360608
Page migrate failure 32845 40852
Compaction pages isolated 4129761 4802025
Compaction migrate scanned 11996712 21750613
Compaction free scanned 214970969 344372001
Compaction cost 2271 2694
In this scenario, this patch doesn't change the overall success rate as
direct compaction already tries all it can. There's however significant
reduction in direct compaction stalls (that is, the number of
allocations that went into direct compaction). The number of successes
(i.e. direct compaction stalls that ended up with successful
allocation) is reduced by the same number. This means the offload to
kcompactd is working as expected, and direct compaction is reduced
either due to detecting contention, or compaction deferred by kcompactd.
In the previous version of this patchset there was some apparent
reduction of success rate, but the changes in this version (such as
using sync compaction only), new baseline kernel, and/or averaging
results from 5 executions (my bet), made this go away.
Ftrace-based stats seem to roughly agree:
Time kswapd awake 2532984 2326824
Time kcompactd awake 0 257916
Time direct compacting 864839 735130
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 257585
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:15 +08:00
|
|
|
* by kswapd when it goes to sleep. kcompactd does not set the
|
2012-10-09 07:32:47 +08:00
|
|
|
* flag itself as the decision to be clear should be directly
|
|
|
|
* based on an allocation request.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
mm, kswapd: replace kswapd compaction with waking up kcompactd
Similarly to direct reclaim/compaction, kswapd attempts to combine
reclaim and compaction to attempt making memory allocation of given
order available.
The details differ from direct reclaim e.g. in having high watermark as
a goal. The code involved in kswapd's reclaim/compaction decisions has
evolved to be quite complex.
Testing reveals that it doesn't actually work in at least one scenario,
and closer inspection suggests that it could be greatly simplified
without compromising on the goal (make high-order page available) or
efficiency (don't reclaim too much). The simplification relieas of
doing all compaction in kcompactd, which is simply woken up when high
watermarks are reached by kswapd's reclaim.
The scenario where kswapd compaction doesn't work was found with mmtests
test stress-highalloc configured to attempt order-9 allocations without
direct reclaim, just waking up kswapd. There was no compaction attempt
from kswapd during the whole test. Some added instrumentation shows
what happens:
- balance_pgdat() sets end_zone to Normal, as it's not balanced
- reclaim is attempted on DMA zone, which sets nr_attempted to 99, but
it cannot reclaim anything, so sc.nr_reclaimed is 0
- for zones DMA32 and Normal, kswapd_shrink_zone uses testorder=0, so
it merely checks if high watermarks were reached for base pages.
This is true, so no reclaim is attempted. For DMA, testorder=0
wasn't used, as compaction_suitable() returned COMPACT_SKIPPED
- even though the pgdat_needs_compaction flag wasn't set to false, no
compaction happens due to the condition sc.nr_reclaimed >
nr_attempted being false (as 0 < 99)
- priority-- due to nr_reclaimed being 0, repeat until priority reaches
0 pgdat_balanced() is false as only the small zone DMA appears
balanced (curiously in that check, watermark appears OK and
compaction_suitable() returns COMPACT_PARTIAL, because a lower
classzone_idx is used there)
Now, even if it was decided that reclaim shouldn't be attempted on the
DMA zone, the scenario would be the same, as (sc.nr_reclaimed=0 >
nr_attempted=0) is also false. The condition really should use >= as
the comment suggests. Then there is a mismatch in the check for setting
pgdat_needs_compaction to false using low watermark, while the rest uses
high watermark, and who knows what other subtlety. Hopefully this
demonstrates that this is unsustainable.
Luckily we can simplify this a lot. The reclaim/compaction decisions
make sense for direct reclaim scenario, but in kswapd, our primary goal
is to reach high watermark in order-0 pages. Afterwards we can attempt
compaction just once. Unlike direct reclaim, we don't reclaim extra
pages (over the high watermark), the current code already disallows it
for good reasons.
After this patch, we simply wake up kcompactd to process the pgdat,
after we have either succeeded or failed to reach the high watermarks in
kswapd, which goes to sleep. We pass kswapd's order and classzone_idx,
so kcompactd can apply the same criteria to determine which zones are
worth compacting. Note that we use the classzone_idx from
wakeup_kswapd(), not balanced_classzone_idx which can include higher
zones that kswapd tried to balance too, but didn't consider them in
pgdat_balanced().
Since kswapd now cannot create high-order pages itself, we need to
adjust how it determines the zones to be balanced. The key element here
is adding a "highorder" parameter to zone_balanced, which, when set to
false, makes it consider only order-0 watermark instead of the desired
higher order (this was done previously by kswapd_shrink_zone(), but not
elsewhere). This false is passed for example in pgdat_balanced().
Importantly, wakeup_kswapd() uses true to make sure kswapd and thus
kcompactd are woken up for a high-order allocation failure.
The last thing is to decide what to do with pageblock_skip bitmap
handling. Compaction maintains a pageblock_skip bitmap to record
pageblocks where isolation recently failed. This bitmap can be reset by
three ways:
1) direct compaction is restarting after going through the full deferred cycle
2) kswapd goes to sleep, and some other direct compaction has previously
finished scanning the whole zone and set zone->compact_blockskip_flush.
Note that a successful direct compaction clears this flag.
3) compaction was invoked manually via trigger in /proc
The case 2) is somewhat fuzzy to begin with, but after introducing
kcompactd we should update it. The check for direct compaction in 1),
and to set the flush flag in 2) use current_is_kswapd(), which doesn't
work for kcompactd. Thus, this patch adds bool direct_compaction to
compact_control to use in 2). For the case 1) we remove the check
completely - unlike the former kswapd compaction, kcompactd does use the
deferred compaction functionality, so flushing tied to restarting from
deferred compaction makes sense here.
Note that when kswapd goes to sleep, kcompactd is woken up, so it will
see the flushed pageblock_skip bits. This is different from when the
former kswapd compaction observed the bits and I believe it makes more
sense. Kcompactd can afford to be more thorough than a direct
compaction trying to limit allocation latency, or kswapd whose primary
goal is to reclaim.
For testing, I used stress-highalloc configured to do order-9
allocations with GFP_NOWAIT|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP, so they relied just
on kswapd/kcompactd reclaim/compaction (the interfering kernel builds in
phases 1 and 2 work as usual):
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Success 1 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 1 Mean 1.40 ( 0.00%) 6.20 (-55.00%)
Success 1 Max 2.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 2 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 2 Mean 1.80 ( 0.00%) 6.40 (-52.38%)
Success 2 Max 3.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 3 Min 34.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 1.59%)
Success 3 Mean 41.80 ( 0.00%) 63.80 ( 1.24%)
Success 3 Max 53.00 ( 0.00%) 65.00 ( 2.99%)
User 3166.67 3181.09
System 1153.37 1158.25
Elapsed 1768.53 1799.37
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Direct pages scanned 32938 32797
Kswapd pages scanned 2183166 2202613
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2152359 2143524
Direct pages reclaimed 32735 32545
Percentage direct scans 1% 1%
THP fault alloc 579 612
THP collapse alloc 304 316
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 793 778
THP collapse fail 11 16
Compaction stalls 1013 1007
Compaction success 92 67
Compaction failures 920 939
Page migrate success 238457 721374
Page migrate failure 23021 23469
Compaction pages isolated 504695 1479924
Compaction migrate scanned 661390 8812554
Compaction free scanned 13476658 84327916
Compaction cost 262 838
After this patch we see improvements in allocation success rate
(especially for phase 3) along with increased compaction activity. The
compaction stalls (direct compaction) in the interfering kernel builds
(probably THP's) also decreased somewhat thanks to kcompactd activity,
yet THP alloc successes improved a bit.
Note that elapsed and user time isn't so useful for this benchmark,
because of the background interference being unpredictable. It's just
to quickly spot some major unexpected differences. System time is
somewhat more useful and that didn't increase.
Also (after adjusting mmtests' ftrace monitor):
Time kswapd awake 2547781 2269241
Time kcompactd awake 0 119253
Time direct compacting 939937 557649
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 119099
The decrease of overal time spent compacting appears to not match the
increased compaction stats. I suspect the tasks get rescheduled and
since the ftrace monitor doesn't see that, the reported time is wall
time, not CPU time. But arguably direct compactors care about overall
latency anyway, whether busy compacting or waiting for CPU doesn't
matter. And that latency seems to almost halved.
It's also interesting how much time kswapd spent awake just going
through all the priorities and failing to even try compacting, over and
over.
We can also configure stress-highalloc to perform both direct
reclaim/compaction and wakeup kswapd/kcompactd, by using
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP:
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Success 1 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 1 Mean 8.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-19.05%)
Success 1 Max 12.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 15.38%)
Success 2 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 2 Mean 8.20 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-16.28%)
Success 2 Max 13.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 8.33%)
Success 3 Min 75.00 ( 0.00%) 74.00 ( 1.33%)
Success 3 Mean 75.60 ( 0.00%) 75.20 ( 0.53%)
Success 3 Max 77.00 ( 0.00%) 76.00 ( 0.00%)
User 3344.73 3246.04
System 1194.24 1172.29
Elapsed 1838.04 1836.76
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Direct pages scanned 125146 120966
Kswapd pages scanned 2119757 2135012
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2073183 2108388
Direct pages reclaimed 124909 120577
Percentage direct scans 5% 5%
THP fault alloc 599 652
THP collapse alloc 323 354
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 806 793
THP collapse fail 17 16
Compaction stalls 2457 2025
Compaction success 906 518
Compaction failures 1551 1507
Page migrate success 2031423 2360608
Page migrate failure 32845 40852
Compaction pages isolated 4129761 4802025
Compaction migrate scanned 11996712 21750613
Compaction free scanned 214970969 344372001
Compaction cost 2271 2694
In this scenario, this patch doesn't change the overall success rate as
direct compaction already tries all it can. There's however significant
reduction in direct compaction stalls (that is, the number of
allocations that went into direct compaction). The number of successes
(i.e. direct compaction stalls that ended up with successful
allocation) is reduced by the same number. This means the offload to
kcompactd is working as expected, and direct compaction is reduced
either due to detecting contention, or compaction deferred by kcompactd.
In the previous version of this patchset there was some apparent
reduction of success rate, but the changes in this version (such as
using sync compaction only), new baseline kernel, and/or averaging
results from 5 executions (my bet), made this go away.
Ftrace-based stats seem to roughly agree:
Time kswapd awake 2532984 2326824
Time kcompactd awake 0 257916
Time direct compacting 864839 735130
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 257585
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:15 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->direct_compaction)
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_blockskip_flush = true;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-05-21 07:56:47 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->whole_zone)
|
|
|
|
return COMPACT_COMPLETE;
|
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
|
return COMPACT_PARTIAL_SKIPPED;
|
2012-10-09 07:32:41 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2015-11-06 10:47:20 +08:00
|
|
|
if (is_via_compact_memory(cc->order))
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:46 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Always finish scanning a pageblock to reduce the possibility of
|
|
|
|
* fallbacks in the future. This is particularly important when
|
|
|
|
* migration source is unmovable/reclaimable but it's not worth
|
|
|
|
* special casing.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!IS_ALIGNED(cc->migrate_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages))
|
|
|
|
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
|
mm, compaction: finish whole pageblock to reduce fragmentation
The main goal of direct compaction is to form a high-order page for
allocation, but it should also help against long-term fragmentation when
possible.
Most lower-than-pageblock-order compactions are for non-movable
allocations, which means that if we compact in a movable pageblock and
terminate as soon as we create the high-order page, it's unlikely that
the fallback heuristics will claim the whole block. Instead there might
be a single unmovable page in a pageblock full of movable pages, and the
next unmovable allocation might pick another pageblock and increase
long-term fragmentation.
To help against such scenarios, this patch changes the termination
criteria for compaction so that the current pageblock is finished even
though the high-order page already exists. Note that it might be
possible that the high-order page formed elsewhere in the zone due to
parallel activity, but this patch doesn't try to detect that.
This is only done with sync compaction, because async compaction is
limited to pageblock of the same migratetype, where it cannot result in
a migratetype fallback. (Async compaction also eagerly skips
order-aligned blocks where isolation fails, which is against the goal of
migrating away as much of the pageblock as possible.)
As a result of this patch, long-term memory fragmentation should be
reduced.
In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 20%. The number
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-05-09 06:54:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Direct compactor: Is a suitable page free? */
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_NO_SUITABLE_PAGE;
|
2013-01-12 06:32:16 +08:00
|
|
|
for (order = cc->order; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
struct free_area *area = &cc->zone->free_area[order];
|
mm/compaction: enhance compaction finish condition
Compaction has anti fragmentation algorithm. It is that freepage should
be more than pageblock order to finish the compaction if we don't find any
freepage in requested migratetype buddy list. This is for mitigating
fragmentation, but, there is a lack of migratetype consideration and it is
too excessive compared to page allocator's anti fragmentation algorithm.
Not considering migratetype would cause premature finish of compaction.
For example, if allocation request is for unmovable migratetype, freepage
with CMA migratetype doesn't help that allocation and compaction should
not be stopped. But, current logic regards this situation as compaction
is no longer needed, so finish the compaction.
Secondly, condition is too excessive compared to page allocator's logic.
We can steal freepage from other migratetype and change pageblock
migratetype on more relaxed conditions in page allocator. This is
designed to prevent fragmentation and we can use it here. Imposing hard
constraint only to the compaction doesn't help much in this case since
page allocator would cause fragmentation again.
To solve these problems, this patch borrows anti fragmentation logic from
page allocator. It will reduce premature compaction finish in some cases
and reduce excessive compaction work.
stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows
considerable increase of compaction success rate.
Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %)
31.82 : 42.20
I tested it on non-reboot 5 runs stress-highalloc benchmark and found that
there is no more degradation on allocation success rate than before. That
roughly means that this patch doesn't result in more fragmentations.
Vlastimil suggests additional idea that we only test for fallbacks when
migration scanner has scanned a whole pageblock. It looked good for
fragmentation because chance of stealing increase due to making more free
pages in certain pageblock. So, I tested it, but, it results in decreased
compaction success rate, roughly 38.00. I guess the reason that if system
is low memory condition, watermark check could be failed due to not enough
order 0 free page and so, sometimes, we can't reach a fallback check
although migrate_pfn is aligned to pageblock_nr_pages. I can insert code
to cope with this situation but it makes code more complicated so I don't
include his idea at this patch.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_CMA=n build]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 06:45:21 +08:00
|
|
|
bool can_steal;
|
2013-01-12 06:32:16 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Job done if page is free of the right migratetype */
|
2019-05-15 06:41:32 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!free_area_empty(area, migratetype))
|
2016-10-08 07:57:41 +08:00
|
|
|
return COMPACT_SUCCESS;
|
2013-01-12 06:32:16 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm/compaction: enhance compaction finish condition
Compaction has anti fragmentation algorithm. It is that freepage should
be more than pageblock order to finish the compaction if we don't find any
freepage in requested migratetype buddy list. This is for mitigating
fragmentation, but, there is a lack of migratetype consideration and it is
too excessive compared to page allocator's anti fragmentation algorithm.
Not considering migratetype would cause premature finish of compaction.
For example, if allocation request is for unmovable migratetype, freepage
with CMA migratetype doesn't help that allocation and compaction should
not be stopped. But, current logic regards this situation as compaction
is no longer needed, so finish the compaction.
Secondly, condition is too excessive compared to page allocator's logic.
We can steal freepage from other migratetype and change pageblock
migratetype on more relaxed conditions in page allocator. This is
designed to prevent fragmentation and we can use it here. Imposing hard
constraint only to the compaction doesn't help much in this case since
page allocator would cause fragmentation again.
To solve these problems, this patch borrows anti fragmentation logic from
page allocator. It will reduce premature compaction finish in some cases
and reduce excessive compaction work.
stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows
considerable increase of compaction success rate.
Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %)
31.82 : 42.20
I tested it on non-reboot 5 runs stress-highalloc benchmark and found that
there is no more degradation on allocation success rate than before. That
roughly means that this patch doesn't result in more fragmentations.
Vlastimil suggests additional idea that we only test for fallbacks when
migration scanner has scanned a whole pageblock. It looked good for
fragmentation because chance of stealing increase due to making more free
pages in certain pageblock. So, I tested it, but, it results in decreased
compaction success rate, roughly 38.00. I guess the reason that if system
is low memory condition, watermark check could be failed due to not enough
order 0 free page and so, sometimes, we can't reach a fallback check
although migrate_pfn is aligned to pageblock_nr_pages. I can insert code
to cope with this situation but it makes code more complicated so I don't
include his idea at this patch.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_CMA=n build]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 06:45:21 +08:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
|
|
|
|
/* MIGRATE_MOVABLE can fallback on MIGRATE_CMA */
|
|
|
|
if (migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE &&
|
2019-05-15 06:41:32 +08:00
|
|
|
!free_area_empty(area, MIGRATE_CMA))
|
2016-10-08 07:57:41 +08:00
|
|
|
return COMPACT_SUCCESS;
|
mm/compaction: enhance compaction finish condition
Compaction has anti fragmentation algorithm. It is that freepage should
be more than pageblock order to finish the compaction if we don't find any
freepage in requested migratetype buddy list. This is for mitigating
fragmentation, but, there is a lack of migratetype consideration and it is
too excessive compared to page allocator's anti fragmentation algorithm.
Not considering migratetype would cause premature finish of compaction.
For example, if allocation request is for unmovable migratetype, freepage
with CMA migratetype doesn't help that allocation and compaction should
not be stopped. But, current logic regards this situation as compaction
is no longer needed, so finish the compaction.
Secondly, condition is too excessive compared to page allocator's logic.
We can steal freepage from other migratetype and change pageblock
migratetype on more relaxed conditions in page allocator. This is
designed to prevent fragmentation and we can use it here. Imposing hard
constraint only to the compaction doesn't help much in this case since
page allocator would cause fragmentation again.
To solve these problems, this patch borrows anti fragmentation logic from
page allocator. It will reduce premature compaction finish in some cases
and reduce excessive compaction work.
stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows
considerable increase of compaction success rate.
Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %)
31.82 : 42.20
I tested it on non-reboot 5 runs stress-highalloc benchmark and found that
there is no more degradation on allocation success rate than before. That
roughly means that this patch doesn't result in more fragmentations.
Vlastimil suggests additional idea that we only test for fallbacks when
migration scanner has scanned a whole pageblock. It looked good for
fragmentation because chance of stealing increase due to making more free
pages in certain pageblock. So, I tested it, but, it results in decreased
compaction success rate, roughly 38.00. I guess the reason that if system
is low memory condition, watermark check could be failed due to not enough
order 0 free page and so, sometimes, we can't reach a fallback check
although migrate_pfn is aligned to pageblock_nr_pages. I can insert code
to cope with this situation but it makes code more complicated so I don't
include his idea at this patch.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_CMA=n build]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 06:45:21 +08:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Job done if allocation would steal freepages from
|
|
|
|
* other migratetype buddy lists.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (find_suitable_fallback(area, order, migratetype,
|
mm, compaction: finish whole pageblock to reduce fragmentation
The main goal of direct compaction is to form a high-order page for
allocation, but it should also help against long-term fragmentation when
possible.
Most lower-than-pageblock-order compactions are for non-movable
allocations, which means that if we compact in a movable pageblock and
terminate as soon as we create the high-order page, it's unlikely that
the fallback heuristics will claim the whole block. Instead there might
be a single unmovable page in a pageblock full of movable pages, and the
next unmovable allocation might pick another pageblock and increase
long-term fragmentation.
To help against such scenarios, this patch changes the termination
criteria for compaction so that the current pageblock is finished even
though the high-order page already exists. Note that it might be
possible that the high-order page formed elsewhere in the zone due to
parallel activity, but this patch doesn't try to detect that.
This is only done with sync compaction, because async compaction is
limited to pageblock of the same migratetype, where it cannot result in
a migratetype fallback. (Async compaction also eagerly skips
order-aligned blocks where isolation fails, which is against the goal of
migrating away as much of the pageblock as possible.)
As a result of this patch, long-term memory fragmentation should be
reduced.
In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 20%. The number
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-05-09 06:54:52 +08:00
|
|
|
true, &can_steal) != -1) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* movable pages are OK in any pageblock */
|
|
|
|
if (migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
|
|
|
|
return COMPACT_SUCCESS;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We are stealing for a non-movable allocation. Make
|
|
|
|
* sure we finish compacting the current pageblock
|
|
|
|
* first so it is as free as possible and we won't
|
|
|
|
* have to steal another one soon. This only applies
|
|
|
|
* to sync compaction, as async compaction operates
|
|
|
|
* on pageblocks of the same migratetype.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC ||
|
|
|
|
IS_ALIGNED(cc->migrate_pfn,
|
|
|
|
pageblock_nr_pages)) {
|
|
|
|
return COMPACT_SUCCESS;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_CONTINUE;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
mm, compaction: finish whole pageblock to reduce fragmentation
The main goal of direct compaction is to form a high-order page for
allocation, but it should also help against long-term fragmentation when
possible.
Most lower-than-pageblock-order compactions are for non-movable
allocations, which means that if we compact in a movable pageblock and
terminate as soon as we create the high-order page, it's unlikely that
the fallback heuristics will claim the whole block. Instead there might
be a single unmovable page in a pageblock full of movable pages, and the
next unmovable allocation might pick another pageblock and increase
long-term fragmentation.
To help against such scenarios, this patch changes the termination
criteria for compaction so that the current pageblock is finished even
though the high-order page already exists. Note that it might be
possible that the high-order page formed elsewhere in the zone due to
parallel activity, but this patch doesn't try to detect that.
This is only done with sync compaction, because async compaction is
limited to pageblock of the same migratetype, where it cannot result in
a migratetype fallback. (Async compaction also eagerly skips
order-aligned blocks where isolation fails, which is against the goal of
migrating away as much of the pageblock as possible.)
As a result of this patch, long-term memory fragmentation should be
reduced.
In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 20%. The number
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-05-09 06:54:52 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:11 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->contended || fatal_signal_pending(current))
|
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_CONTENDED;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return ret;
|
2015-02-12 07:27:06 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
static enum compact_result compact_finished(struct compact_control *cc)
|
2015-02-12 07:27:06 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int ret;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
ret = __compact_finished(cc);
|
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_finished(cc->zone, cc->order, ret);
|
2015-02-12 07:27:06 +08:00
|
|
|
if (ret == COMPACT_NO_SUITABLE_PAGE)
|
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_CONTINUE;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return ret;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* compaction_suitable: Is this suitable to run compaction on this zone now?
|
|
|
|
* Returns
|
|
|
|
* COMPACT_SKIPPED - If there are too few free pages for compaction
|
2016-10-08 07:57:41 +08:00
|
|
|
* COMPACT_SUCCESS - If the allocation would succeed without compaction
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
* COMPACT_CONTINUE - If compaction should run now
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-05-21 07:56:38 +08:00
|
|
|
static enum compact_result __compaction_suitable(struct zone *zone, int order,
|
2016-05-20 08:13:38 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned int alloc_flags,
|
2016-05-21 07:57:12 +08:00
|
|
|
int classzone_idx,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long wmark_target)
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned long watermark;
|
|
|
|
|
2015-11-06 10:47:20 +08:00
|
|
|
if (is_via_compact_memory(order))
|
2011-06-16 06:08:25 +08:00
|
|
|
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
|
|
|
|
|
2018-12-28 16:35:44 +08:00
|
|
|
watermark = wmark_pages(zone, alloc_flags & ALLOC_WMARK_MASK);
|
mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking
Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's
worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction
should stop in compact_finished(). The watermark checks take
classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory
allocation request. But from the context of compaction they are currently
passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy
the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values.
The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken
during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request. Lack
of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into
account. This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred
compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone.
compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the
watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in
get_page_from_freelist() would fail. Because of this problem, deferring
compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following
patch.
The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite
in nature. For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or
ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on
CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed
will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist(). In these cases
compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed.
Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone
need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have
enough free free pages to succeed compaction". The latter considers extra
pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return
COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we
should return COMPACT_PARTIAL.
This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to
struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction
and watermark checking. Where possible, all other callers of
compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known. This is
currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd
context. However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim()
and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the
coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate
as it could. This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue.
Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the
second issue described above.
The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation
success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of
allocations and presence of CMA. It allows simplifying deferred
compaction code in a followup patch.
When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement
(which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like
allocations.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:22 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If watermarks for high-order allocation are already met, there
|
|
|
|
* should be no need for compaction at all.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, watermark, classzone_idx,
|
|
|
|
alloc_flags))
|
2016-10-08 07:57:41 +08:00
|
|
|
return COMPACT_SUCCESS;
|
mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking
Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's
worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction
should stop in compact_finished(). The watermark checks take
classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory
allocation request. But from the context of compaction they are currently
passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy
the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values.
The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken
during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request. Lack
of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into
account. This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred
compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone.
compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the
watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in
get_page_from_freelist() would fail. Because of this problem, deferring
compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following
patch.
The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite
in nature. For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or
ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on
CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed
will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist(). In these cases
compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed.
Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone
need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have
enough free free pages to succeed compaction". The latter considers extra
pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return
COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we
should return COMPACT_PARTIAL.
This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to
struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction
and watermark checking. Where possible, all other callers of
compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known. This is
currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd
context. However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim()
and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the
coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate
as it could. This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue.
Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the
second issue described above.
The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation
success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of
allocations and presence of CMA. It allows simplifying deferred
compaction code in a followup patch.
When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement
(which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like
allocations.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2016-10-08 07:57:53 +08:00
|
|
|
* Watermarks for order-0 must be met for compaction to be able to
|
mm, compaction: use proper alloc_flags in __compaction_suitable()
The __compaction_suitable() function checks the low watermark plus a
compact_gap() gap to decide if there's enough free memory to perform
compaction. This check uses direct compactor's alloc_flags, but that's
wrong, since these flags are not applicable for freepage isolation.
For example, alloc_flags may indicate access to memory reserves, making
compaction proceed, and then fail watermark check during the isolation.
A similar problem exists for ALLOC_CMA, which may be part of
alloc_flags, but not during freepage isolation. In this case however it
makes sense to use ALLOC_CMA both in __compaction_suitable() and
__isolate_free_page(), since there's actually nothing preventing the
freepage scanner to isolate from CMA pageblocks, with the assumption
that a page that could be migrated once by compaction can be migrated
also later by CMA allocation. Thus we should count pages in CMA
pageblocks when considering compaction suitability and when isolating
freepages.
To sum up, this patch should remove some false positives from
__compaction_suitable(), and allow compaction to proceed when free pages
required for compaction reside in the CMA pageblocks.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-10-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-08 07:57:57 +08:00
|
|
|
* isolate free pages for migration targets. This means that the
|
|
|
|
* watermark and alloc_flags have to match, or be more pessimistic than
|
|
|
|
* the check in __isolate_free_page(). We don't use the direct
|
|
|
|
* compactor's alloc_flags, as they are not relevant for freepage
|
|
|
|
* isolation. We however do use the direct compactor's classzone_idx to
|
|
|
|
* skip over zones where lowmem reserves would prevent allocation even
|
|
|
|
* if compaction succeeds.
|
2016-10-08 07:58:00 +08:00
|
|
|
* For costly orders, we require low watermark instead of min for
|
|
|
|
* compaction to proceed to increase its chances.
|
2018-05-23 09:18:21 +08:00
|
|
|
* ALLOC_CMA is used, as pages in CMA pageblocks are considered
|
|
|
|
* suitable migration targets
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-10-08 07:58:00 +08:00
|
|
|
watermark = (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER) ?
|
|
|
|
low_wmark_pages(zone) : min_wmark_pages(zone);
|
|
|
|
watermark += compact_gap(order);
|
2016-05-21 07:57:12 +08:00
|
|
|
if (!__zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0, watermark, classzone_idx,
|
2018-05-23 09:18:21 +08:00
|
|
|
ALLOC_CMA, wmark_target))
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
return COMPACT_SKIPPED;
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 08:00:43 +08:00
|
|
|
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
enum compact_result compaction_suitable(struct zone *zone, int order,
|
|
|
|
unsigned int alloc_flags,
|
|
|
|
int classzone_idx)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
enum compact_result ret;
|
|
|
|
int fragindex;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ret = __compaction_suitable(zone, order, alloc_flags, classzone_idx,
|
|
|
|
zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES));
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* fragmentation index determines if allocation failures are due to
|
|
|
|
* low memory or external fragmentation
|
|
|
|
*
|
mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking
Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's
worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction
should stop in compact_finished(). The watermark checks take
classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory
allocation request. But from the context of compaction they are currently
passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy
the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values.
The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken
during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request. Lack
of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into
account. This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred
compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone.
compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the
watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in
get_page_from_freelist() would fail. Because of this problem, deferring
compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following
patch.
The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite
in nature. For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or
ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on
CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed
will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist(). In these cases
compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed.
Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone
need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have
enough free free pages to succeed compaction". The latter considers extra
pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return
COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we
should return COMPACT_PARTIAL.
This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to
struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction
and watermark checking. Where possible, all other callers of
compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known. This is
currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd
context. However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim()
and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the
coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate
as it could. This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue.
Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the
second issue described above.
The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation
success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of
allocations and presence of CMA. It allows simplifying deferred
compaction code in a followup patch.
When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement
(which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like
allocations.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:22 +08:00
|
|
|
* index of -1000 would imply allocations might succeed depending on
|
|
|
|
* watermarks, but we already failed the high-order watermark check
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
* index towards 0 implies failure is due to lack of memory
|
|
|
|
* index towards 1000 implies failure is due to fragmentation
|
|
|
|
*
|
2016-10-08 08:00:46 +08:00
|
|
|
* Only compact if a failure would be due to fragmentation. Also
|
|
|
|
* ignore fragindex for non-costly orders where the alternative to
|
|
|
|
* a successful reclaim/compaction is OOM. Fragindex and the
|
|
|
|
* vm.extfrag_threshold sysctl is meant as a heuristic to prevent
|
|
|
|
* excessive compaction for costly orders, but it should not be at the
|
|
|
|
* expense of system stability.
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-10-08 08:00:46 +08:00
|
|
|
if (ret == COMPACT_CONTINUE && (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)) {
|
2016-10-08 08:00:43 +08:00
|
|
|
fragindex = fragmentation_index(zone, order);
|
|
|
|
if (fragindex >= 0 && fragindex <= sysctl_extfrag_threshold)
|
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_NOT_SUITABLE_ZONE;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2015-02-12 07:27:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_suitable(zone, order, ret);
|
|
|
|
if (ret == COMPACT_NOT_SUITABLE_ZONE)
|
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return ret;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2016-05-21 07:57:12 +08:00
|
|
|
bool compaction_zonelist_suitable(struct alloc_context *ac, int order,
|
|
|
|
int alloc_flags)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct zone *zone;
|
|
|
|
struct zoneref *z;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Make sure at least one zone would pass __compaction_suitable if we continue
|
|
|
|
* retrying the reclaim.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, ac->zonelist, ac->high_zoneidx,
|
|
|
|
ac->nodemask) {
|
|
|
|
unsigned long available;
|
|
|
|
enum compact_result compact_result;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Do not consider all the reclaimable memory because we do not
|
|
|
|
* want to trash just for a single high order allocation which
|
|
|
|
* is even not guaranteed to appear even if __compaction_suitable
|
|
|
|
* is happy about the watermark check.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-07-29 06:47:31 +08:00
|
|
|
available = zone_reclaimable_pages(zone) / order;
|
2016-05-21 07:57:12 +08:00
|
|
|
available += zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES);
|
|
|
|
compact_result = __compaction_suitable(zone, order, alloc_flags,
|
|
|
|
ac_classzone_idx(ac), available);
|
2016-10-08 08:00:43 +08:00
|
|
|
if (compact_result != COMPACT_SKIPPED)
|
2016-05-21 07:57:12 +08:00
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
static enum compact_result
|
|
|
|
compact_zone(struct compact_control *cc, struct capture_control *capc)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2016-05-21 07:56:38 +08:00
|
|
|
enum compact_result ret;
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long start_pfn = cc->zone->zone_start_pfn;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(cc->zone);
|
2019-03-06 07:44:32 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long last_migrated_pfn;
|
2014-06-05 07:08:28 +08:00
|
|
|
const bool sync = cc->mode != MIGRATE_ASYNC;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:18 +08:00
|
|
|
bool update_cached;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-09-24 06:36:54 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* These counters track activities during zone compaction. Initialize
|
|
|
|
* them before compacting a new zone.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
cc->total_migrate_scanned = 0;
|
|
|
|
cc->total_free_scanned = 0;
|
|
|
|
cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
|
|
|
|
cc->nr_freepages = 0;
|
|
|
|
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->freepages);
|
|
|
|
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->migratepages);
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-09 06:54:46 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->migratetype = gfpflags_to_migratetype(cc->gfp_mask);
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
ret = compaction_suitable(cc->zone, cc->order, cc->alloc_flags,
|
mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking
Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's
worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction
should stop in compact_finished(). The watermark checks take
classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory
allocation request. But from the context of compaction they are currently
passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy
the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values.
The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken
during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request. Lack
of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into
account. This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred
compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone.
compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the
watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in
get_page_from_freelist() would fail. Because of this problem, deferring
compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following
patch.
The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite
in nature. For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or
ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on
CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed
will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist(). In these cases
compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed.
Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone
need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have
enough free free pages to succeed compaction". The latter considers extra
pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return
COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we
should return COMPACT_PARTIAL.
This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to
struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction
and watermark checking. Where possible, all other callers of
compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known. This is
currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd
context. However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim()
and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the
coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate
as it could. This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue.
Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the
second issue described above.
The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation
success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of
allocations and presence of CMA. It allows simplifying deferred
compaction code in a followup patch.
When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement
(which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like
allocations.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:22 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->classzone_idx);
|
2016-05-21 07:56:41 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Compaction is likely to fail */
|
2016-10-08 07:57:41 +08:00
|
|
|
if (ret == COMPACT_SUCCESS || ret == COMPACT_SKIPPED)
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
return ret;
|
2016-05-21 07:56:41 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* huh, compaction_suitable is returning something unexpected */
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON(ret != COMPACT_CONTINUE);
|
2011-01-14 07:45:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2014-01-22 07:51:08 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Clear pageblock skip if there were failures recently and compaction
|
mm, kswapd: replace kswapd compaction with waking up kcompactd
Similarly to direct reclaim/compaction, kswapd attempts to combine
reclaim and compaction to attempt making memory allocation of given
order available.
The details differ from direct reclaim e.g. in having high watermark as
a goal. The code involved in kswapd's reclaim/compaction decisions has
evolved to be quite complex.
Testing reveals that it doesn't actually work in at least one scenario,
and closer inspection suggests that it could be greatly simplified
without compromising on the goal (make high-order page available) or
efficiency (don't reclaim too much). The simplification relieas of
doing all compaction in kcompactd, which is simply woken up when high
watermarks are reached by kswapd's reclaim.
The scenario where kswapd compaction doesn't work was found with mmtests
test stress-highalloc configured to attempt order-9 allocations without
direct reclaim, just waking up kswapd. There was no compaction attempt
from kswapd during the whole test. Some added instrumentation shows
what happens:
- balance_pgdat() sets end_zone to Normal, as it's not balanced
- reclaim is attempted on DMA zone, which sets nr_attempted to 99, but
it cannot reclaim anything, so sc.nr_reclaimed is 0
- for zones DMA32 and Normal, kswapd_shrink_zone uses testorder=0, so
it merely checks if high watermarks were reached for base pages.
This is true, so no reclaim is attempted. For DMA, testorder=0
wasn't used, as compaction_suitable() returned COMPACT_SKIPPED
- even though the pgdat_needs_compaction flag wasn't set to false, no
compaction happens due to the condition sc.nr_reclaimed >
nr_attempted being false (as 0 < 99)
- priority-- due to nr_reclaimed being 0, repeat until priority reaches
0 pgdat_balanced() is false as only the small zone DMA appears
balanced (curiously in that check, watermark appears OK and
compaction_suitable() returns COMPACT_PARTIAL, because a lower
classzone_idx is used there)
Now, even if it was decided that reclaim shouldn't be attempted on the
DMA zone, the scenario would be the same, as (sc.nr_reclaimed=0 >
nr_attempted=0) is also false. The condition really should use >= as
the comment suggests. Then there is a mismatch in the check for setting
pgdat_needs_compaction to false using low watermark, while the rest uses
high watermark, and who knows what other subtlety. Hopefully this
demonstrates that this is unsustainable.
Luckily we can simplify this a lot. The reclaim/compaction decisions
make sense for direct reclaim scenario, but in kswapd, our primary goal
is to reach high watermark in order-0 pages. Afterwards we can attempt
compaction just once. Unlike direct reclaim, we don't reclaim extra
pages (over the high watermark), the current code already disallows it
for good reasons.
After this patch, we simply wake up kcompactd to process the pgdat,
after we have either succeeded or failed to reach the high watermarks in
kswapd, which goes to sleep. We pass kswapd's order and classzone_idx,
so kcompactd can apply the same criteria to determine which zones are
worth compacting. Note that we use the classzone_idx from
wakeup_kswapd(), not balanced_classzone_idx which can include higher
zones that kswapd tried to balance too, but didn't consider them in
pgdat_balanced().
Since kswapd now cannot create high-order pages itself, we need to
adjust how it determines the zones to be balanced. The key element here
is adding a "highorder" parameter to zone_balanced, which, when set to
false, makes it consider only order-0 watermark instead of the desired
higher order (this was done previously by kswapd_shrink_zone(), but not
elsewhere). This false is passed for example in pgdat_balanced().
Importantly, wakeup_kswapd() uses true to make sure kswapd and thus
kcompactd are woken up for a high-order allocation failure.
The last thing is to decide what to do with pageblock_skip bitmap
handling. Compaction maintains a pageblock_skip bitmap to record
pageblocks where isolation recently failed. This bitmap can be reset by
three ways:
1) direct compaction is restarting after going through the full deferred cycle
2) kswapd goes to sleep, and some other direct compaction has previously
finished scanning the whole zone and set zone->compact_blockskip_flush.
Note that a successful direct compaction clears this flag.
3) compaction was invoked manually via trigger in /proc
The case 2) is somewhat fuzzy to begin with, but after introducing
kcompactd we should update it. The check for direct compaction in 1),
and to set the flush flag in 2) use current_is_kswapd(), which doesn't
work for kcompactd. Thus, this patch adds bool direct_compaction to
compact_control to use in 2). For the case 1) we remove the check
completely - unlike the former kswapd compaction, kcompactd does use the
deferred compaction functionality, so flushing tied to restarting from
deferred compaction makes sense here.
Note that when kswapd goes to sleep, kcompactd is woken up, so it will
see the flushed pageblock_skip bits. This is different from when the
former kswapd compaction observed the bits and I believe it makes more
sense. Kcompactd can afford to be more thorough than a direct
compaction trying to limit allocation latency, or kswapd whose primary
goal is to reclaim.
For testing, I used stress-highalloc configured to do order-9
allocations with GFP_NOWAIT|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP, so they relied just
on kswapd/kcompactd reclaim/compaction (the interfering kernel builds in
phases 1 and 2 work as usual):
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Success 1 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 1 Mean 1.40 ( 0.00%) 6.20 (-55.00%)
Success 1 Max 2.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 2 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 2 Mean 1.80 ( 0.00%) 6.40 (-52.38%)
Success 2 Max 3.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 3 Min 34.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 1.59%)
Success 3 Mean 41.80 ( 0.00%) 63.80 ( 1.24%)
Success 3 Max 53.00 ( 0.00%) 65.00 ( 2.99%)
User 3166.67 3181.09
System 1153.37 1158.25
Elapsed 1768.53 1799.37
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Direct pages scanned 32938 32797
Kswapd pages scanned 2183166 2202613
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2152359 2143524
Direct pages reclaimed 32735 32545
Percentage direct scans 1% 1%
THP fault alloc 579 612
THP collapse alloc 304 316
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 793 778
THP collapse fail 11 16
Compaction stalls 1013 1007
Compaction success 92 67
Compaction failures 920 939
Page migrate success 238457 721374
Page migrate failure 23021 23469
Compaction pages isolated 504695 1479924
Compaction migrate scanned 661390 8812554
Compaction free scanned 13476658 84327916
Compaction cost 262 838
After this patch we see improvements in allocation success rate
(especially for phase 3) along with increased compaction activity. The
compaction stalls (direct compaction) in the interfering kernel builds
(probably THP's) also decreased somewhat thanks to kcompactd activity,
yet THP alloc successes improved a bit.
Note that elapsed and user time isn't so useful for this benchmark,
because of the background interference being unpredictable. It's just
to quickly spot some major unexpected differences. System time is
somewhat more useful and that didn't increase.
Also (after adjusting mmtests' ftrace monitor):
Time kswapd awake 2547781 2269241
Time kcompactd awake 0 119253
Time direct compacting 939937 557649
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 119099
The decrease of overal time spent compacting appears to not match the
increased compaction stats. I suspect the tasks get rescheduled and
since the ftrace monitor doesn't see that, the reported time is wall
time, not CPU time. But arguably direct compactors care about overall
latency anyway, whether busy compacting or waiting for CPU doesn't
matter. And that latency seems to almost halved.
It's also interesting how much time kswapd spent awake just going
through all the priorities and failing to even try compacting, over and
over.
We can also configure stress-highalloc to perform both direct
reclaim/compaction and wakeup kswapd/kcompactd, by using
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP:
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Success 1 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 1 Mean 8.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-19.05%)
Success 1 Max 12.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 15.38%)
Success 2 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 2 Mean 8.20 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-16.28%)
Success 2 Max 13.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 8.33%)
Success 3 Min 75.00 ( 0.00%) 74.00 ( 1.33%)
Success 3 Mean 75.60 ( 0.00%) 75.20 ( 0.53%)
Success 3 Max 77.00 ( 0.00%) 76.00 ( 0.00%)
User 3344.73 3246.04
System 1194.24 1172.29
Elapsed 1838.04 1836.76
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Direct pages scanned 125146 120966
Kswapd pages scanned 2119757 2135012
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2073183 2108388
Direct pages reclaimed 124909 120577
Percentage direct scans 5% 5%
THP fault alloc 599 652
THP collapse alloc 323 354
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 806 793
THP collapse fail 17 16
Compaction stalls 2457 2025
Compaction success 906 518
Compaction failures 1551 1507
Page migrate success 2031423 2360608
Page migrate failure 32845 40852
Compaction pages isolated 4129761 4802025
Compaction migrate scanned 11996712 21750613
Compaction free scanned 214970969 344372001
Compaction cost 2271 2694
In this scenario, this patch doesn't change the overall success rate as
direct compaction already tries all it can. There's however significant
reduction in direct compaction stalls (that is, the number of
allocations that went into direct compaction). The number of successes
(i.e. direct compaction stalls that ended up with successful
allocation) is reduced by the same number. This means the offload to
kcompactd is working as expected, and direct compaction is reduced
either due to detecting contention, or compaction deferred by kcompactd.
In the previous version of this patchset there was some apparent
reduction of success rate, but the changes in this version (such as
using sync compaction only), new baseline kernel, and/or averaging
results from 5 executions (my bet), made this go away.
Ftrace-based stats seem to roughly agree:
Time kswapd awake 2532984 2326824
Time kcompactd awake 0 257916
Time direct compacting 864839 735130
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 257585
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:15 +08:00
|
|
|
* is about to be retried after being deferred.
|
2014-01-22 07:51:08 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
if (compaction_restarting(cc->zone, cc->order))
|
|
|
|
__reset_isolation_suitable(cc->zone);
|
2014-01-22 07:51:08 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:45 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Setup to move all movable pages to the end of the zone. Used cached
|
mm, compaction: make whole_zone flag ignore cached scanner positions
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-08 07:57:35 +08:00
|
|
|
* information on where the scanners should start (unless we explicitly
|
|
|
|
* want to compact the whole zone), but check that it is initialised
|
|
|
|
* by ensuring the values are within zone boundaries.
|
2012-10-09 07:32:45 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:44:54 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->fast_start_pfn = 0;
|
mm, compaction: make whole_zone flag ignore cached scanner positions
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-08 07:57:35 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->whole_zone) {
|
2012-10-09 07:32:45 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->migrate_pfn = start_pfn;
|
mm, compaction: make whole_zone flag ignore cached scanner positions
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-08 07:57:35 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->free_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(end_pfn - 1);
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->migrate_pfn = cc->zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[sync];
|
|
|
|
cc->free_pfn = cc->zone->compact_cached_free_pfn;
|
mm, compaction: make whole_zone flag ignore cached scanner positions
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-08 07:57:35 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->free_pfn < start_pfn || cc->free_pfn >= end_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
cc->free_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(end_pfn - 1);
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = cc->free_pfn;
|
mm, compaction: make whole_zone flag ignore cached scanner positions
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-08 07:57:35 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (cc->migrate_pfn < start_pfn || cc->migrate_pfn >= end_pfn) {
|
|
|
|
cc->migrate_pfn = start_pfn;
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[0] = cc->migrate_pfn;
|
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[1] = cc->migrate_pfn;
|
mm, compaction: make whole_zone flag ignore cached scanner positions
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-08 07:57:35 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2016-05-21 07:56:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:38 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->migrate_pfn <= cc->zone->compact_init_migrate_pfn)
|
mm, compaction: make whole_zone flag ignore cached scanner positions
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-08 07:57:35 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->whole_zone = true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2016-05-21 07:56:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:32 +08:00
|
|
|
last_migrated_pfn = 0;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:18 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Migrate has separate cached PFNs for ASYNC and SYNC* migration on
|
|
|
|
* the basis that some migrations will fail in ASYNC mode. However,
|
|
|
|
* if the cached PFNs match and pageblocks are skipped due to having
|
|
|
|
* no isolation candidates, then the sync state does not matter.
|
|
|
|
* Until a pageblock with isolation candidates is found, keep the
|
|
|
|
* cached PFNs in sync to avoid revisiting the same blocks.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
update_cached = !sync &&
|
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[0] == cc->zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[1];
|
|
|
|
|
2015-02-12 07:27:01 +08:00
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_begin(start_pfn, cc->migrate_pfn,
|
|
|
|
cc->free_pfn, end_pfn, sync);
|
mm: compaction: trace compaction begin and end
The broad goal of the series is to improve allocation success rates for
huge pages through memory compaction, while trying not to increase the
compaction overhead. The original objective was to reintroduce
capturing of high-order pages freed by the compaction, before they are
split by concurrent activity. However, several bugs and opportunities
for simple improvements were found in the current implementation, mostly
through extra tracepoints (which are however too ugly for now to be
considered for sending).
The patches mostly deal with two mechanisms that reduce compaction
overhead, which is caching the progress of migrate and free scanners,
and marking pageblocks where isolation failed to be skipped during
further scans.
Patch 1 (from mgorman) adds tracepoints that allow calculate time spent in
compaction and potentially debug scanner pfn values.
Patch 2 encapsulates the some functionality for handling deferred compactions
for better maintainability, without a functional change
type is not determined without being actually needed.
Patch 3 fixes a bug where cached scanner pfn's are sometimes reset only after
they have been read to initialize a compaction run.
Patch 4 fixes a bug where scanners meeting is sometimes not properly detected
and can lead to multiple compaction attempts quitting early without
doing any work.
Patch 5 improves the chances of sync compaction to process pageblocks that
async compaction has skipped due to being !MIGRATE_MOVABLE.
Patch 6 improves the chances of sync direct compaction to actually do anything
when called after async compaction fails during allocation slowpath.
The impact of patches were validated using mmtests's stress-highalloc
benchmark with mmtests's stress-highalloc benchmark on a x86_64 machine
with 4GB memory.
Due to instability of the results (mostly related to the bugs fixed by
patches 2 and 3), 10 iterations were performed, taking min,mean,max
values for success rates and mean values for time and vmstat-based
metrics.
First, the default GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE allocations were tested with the
patches stacked on top of v3.13-rc2. Patch 2 is OK to serve as baseline
due to no functional changes in 1 and 2. Comments below.
stress-highalloc
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
Success 1 Min 9.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-11.11%) 43.00 (-377.78%) 43.00 (-377.78%) 33.00 (-266.67%)
Success 1 Mean 27.50 ( 0.00%) 25.30 ( 8.00%) 45.50 (-65.45%) 45.90 (-66.91%) 46.30 (-68.36%)
Success 1 Max 36.00 ( 0.00%) 36.00 ( 0.00%) 47.00 (-30.56%) 48.00 (-33.33%) 52.00 (-44.44%)
Success 2 Min 10.00 ( 0.00%) 8.00 ( 20.00%) 46.00 (-360.00%) 45.00 (-350.00%) 35.00 (-250.00%)
Success 2 Mean 26.40 ( 0.00%) 23.50 ( 10.98%) 47.30 (-79.17%) 47.60 (-80.30%) 48.10 (-82.20%)
Success 2 Max 34.00 ( 0.00%) 33.00 ( 2.94%) 48.00 (-41.18%) 50.00 (-47.06%) 54.00 (-58.82%)
Success 3 Min 65.00 ( 0.00%) 63.00 ( 3.08%) 85.00 (-30.77%) 84.00 (-29.23%) 85.00 (-30.77%)
Success 3 Mean 76.70 ( 0.00%) 70.50 ( 8.08%) 86.20 (-12.39%) 85.50 (-11.47%) 86.00 (-12.13%)
Success 3 Max 87.00 ( 0.00%) 86.00 ( 1.15%) 88.00 ( -1.15%) 87.00 ( 0.00%) 87.00 ( 0.00%)
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
User 6437.72 6459.76 5960.32 5974.55 6019.67
System 1049.65 1049.09 1029.32 1031.47 1032.31
Elapsed 1856.77 1874.48 1949.97 1994.22 1983.15
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
Minor Faults 253952267 254581900 250030122 250507333 250157829
Major Faults 420 407 506 530 530
Swap Ins 4 9 9 6 6
Swap Outs 398 375 345 346 333
Direct pages scanned 197538 189017 298574 287019 299063
Kswapd pages scanned 1809843 1801308 1846674 1873184 1861089
Kswapd pages reclaimed 1806972 1798684 1844219 1870509 1858622
Direct pages reclaimed 197227 188829 298380 286822 298835
Kswapd efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Kswapd velocity 953.382 970.449 952.243 934.569 922.286
Direct efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Direct velocity 104.058 101.832 153.961 143.200 148.205
Percentage direct scans 9% 9% 13% 13% 13%
Zone normal velocity 347.289 359.676 348.063 339.933 332.983
Zone dma32 velocity 710.151 712.605 758.140 737.835 737.507
Zone dma velocity 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page writes by reclaim 557.600 429.000 353.600 426.400 381.800
Page writes file 159 53 7 79 48
Page writes anon 398 375 345 346 333
Page reclaim immediate 825 644 411 575 420
Sector Reads 2781750 2769780 2878547 2939128 2910483
Sector Writes 12080843 12083351 12012892 12002132 12010745
Page rescued immediate 0 0 0 0 0
Slabs scanned 1575654 1545344 1778406 1786700 1794073
Direct inode steals 9657 10037 15795 14104 14645
Kswapd inode steals 46857 46335 50543 50716 51796
Kswapd skipped wait 0 0 0 0 0
THP fault alloc 97 91 81 71 77
THP collapse alloc 456 506 546 544 565
THP splits 6 5 5 4 4
THP fault fallback 0 1 0 0 0
THP collapse fail 14 14 12 13 12
Compaction stalls 1006 980 1537 1536 1548
Compaction success 303 284 562 559 578
Compaction failures 702 696 974 976 969
Page migrate success 1177325 1070077 3927538 3781870 3877057
Page migrate failure 0 0 0 0 0
Compaction pages isolated 2547248 2306457 8301218 8008500 8200674
Compaction migrate scanned 42290478 38832618 153961130 154143900 159141197
Compaction free scanned 89199429 79189151 356529027 351943166 356326727
Compaction cost 1566 1426 5312 5156 5294
NUMA PTE updates 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint faults 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint local faults 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint local percent 100 100 100 100 100
NUMA pages migrated 0 0 0 0 0
AutoNUMA cost 0 0 0 0 0
Observations:
- The "Success 3" line is allocation success rate with system idle
(phases 1 and 2 are with background interference). I used to get stable
values around 85% with vanilla 3.11. The lower min and mean values came
with 3.12. This was bisected to commit 81c0a2bb ("mm: page_alloc: fair
zone allocator policy") As explained in comment for patch 3, I don't
think the commit is wrong, but that it makes the effect of compaction
bugs worse. From patch 3 onwards, the results are OK and match the 3.11
results.
- Patch 4 also clearly helps phases 1 and 2, and exceeds any results
I've seen with 3.11 (I didn't measure it that thoroughly then, but it
was never above 40%).
- Compaction cost and number of scanned pages is higher, especially due
to patch 4. However, keep in mind that patches 3 and 4 fix existing
bugs in the current design of compaction overhead mitigation, they do
not change it. If overhead is found unacceptable, then it should be
decreased differently (and consistently, not due to random conditions)
than the current implementation does. In contrast, patches 5 and 6
(which are not strictly bug fixes) do not increase the overhead (but
also not success rates). This might be a limitation of the
stress-highalloc benchmark as it's quite uniform.
Another set of results is when configuring stress-highalloc t allocate
with similar flags as THP uses:
(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NORETRY|__GFP_NO_KSWAPD)
stress-highalloc
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-thp 3-thp 4-thp 5-thp 6-thp
Success 1 Min 2.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-250.00%) 18.00 (-800.00%) 19.00 (-850.00%) 26.00 (-1200.00%)
Success 1 Mean 19.20 ( 0.00%) 17.80 ( 7.29%) 29.20 (-52.08%) 29.90 (-55.73%) 32.80 (-70.83%)
Success 1 Max 27.00 ( 0.00%) 29.00 ( -7.41%) 35.00 (-29.63%) 36.00 (-33.33%) 37.00 (-37.04%)
Success 2 Min 3.00 ( 0.00%) 8.00 (-166.67%) 21.00 (-600.00%) 21.00 (-600.00%) 32.00 (-966.67%)
Success 2 Mean 19.30 ( 0.00%) 17.90 ( 7.25%) 32.20 (-66.84%) 32.60 (-68.91%) 35.70 (-84.97%)
Success 2 Max 27.00 ( 0.00%) 30.00 (-11.11%) 36.00 (-33.33%) 37.00 (-37.04%) 39.00 (-44.44%)
Success 3 Min 62.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 0.00%) 85.00 (-37.10%) 75.00 (-20.97%) 64.00 ( -3.23%)
Success 3 Mean 66.30 ( 0.00%) 65.50 ( 1.21%) 85.60 (-29.11%) 83.40 (-25.79%) 83.50 (-25.94%)
Success 3 Max 70.00 ( 0.00%) 69.00 ( 1.43%) 87.00 (-24.29%) 86.00 (-22.86%) 87.00 (-24.29%)
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-thp 3-thp 4-thp 5-thp 6-thp
User 6547.93 6475.85 6265.54 6289.46 6189.96
System 1053.42 1047.28 1043.23 1042.73 1038.73
Elapsed 1835.43 1821.96 1908.67 1912.74 1956.38
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-thp 3-thp 4-thp 5-thp 6-thp
Minor Faults 256805673 253106328 253222299 249830289 251184418
Major Faults 395 375 423 434 448
Swap Ins 12 10 10 12 9
Swap Outs 530 537 487 455 415
Direct pages scanned 71859 86046 153244 152764 190713
Kswapd pages scanned 1900994 1870240 1898012 1892864 1880520
Kswapd pages reclaimed 1897814 1867428 1894939 1890125 1877924
Direct pages reclaimed 71766 85908 153167 152643 190600
Kswapd efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Kswapd velocity 1029.000 1067.782 1000.091 991.049 951.218
Direct efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Direct velocity 38.897 49.127 80.747 79.983 96.468
Percentage direct scans 3% 4% 7% 7% 9%
Zone normal velocity 351.377 372.494 348.910 341.689 335.310
Zone dma32 velocity 716.520 744.414 731.928 729.343 712.377
Zone dma velocity 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page writes by reclaim 669.300 604.000 545.700 538.900 429.900
Page writes file 138 66 58 83 14
Page writes anon 530 537 487 455 415
Page reclaim immediate 806 655 772 548 517
Sector Reads 2711956 2703239 2811602 2818248 2839459
Sector Writes 12163238 12018662 12038248 11954736 11994892
Page rescued immediate 0 0 0 0 0
Slabs scanned 1385088 1388364 1507968 1513292 1558656
Direct inode steals 1739 2564 4622 5496 6007
Kswapd inode steals 47461 46406 47804 48013 48466
Kswapd skipped wait 0 0 0 0 0
THP fault alloc 110 82 84 69 70
THP collapse alloc 445 482 467 462 539
THP splits 6 5 4 5 3
THP fault fallback 3 0 0 0 0
THP collapse fail 15 14 14 14 13
Compaction stalls 659 685 1033 1073 1111
Compaction success 222 225 410 427 456
Compaction failures 436 460 622 646 655
Page migrate success 446594 439978 1085640 1095062 1131716
Page migrate failure 0 0 0 0 0
Compaction pages isolated 1029475 1013490 2453074 2482698 2565400
Compaction migrate scanned 9955461 11344259 24375202 27978356 30494204
Compaction free scanned 27715272 28544654 80150615 82898631 85756132
Compaction cost 552 555 1344 1379 1436
NUMA PTE updates 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint faults 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint local faults 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint local percent 100 100 100 100 100
NUMA pages migrated 0 0 0 0 0
AutoNUMA cost 0 0 0 0 0
There are some differences from the previous results for THP-like allocations:
- Here, the bad result for unpatched kernel in phase 3 is much more
consistent to be between 65-70% and not related to the "regression" in
3.12. Still there is the improvement from patch 4 onwards, which brings
it on par with simple GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE allocations.
- Compaction costs have increased, but nowhere near as much as the
non-THP case. Again, the patches should be worth the gained
determininsm.
- Patches 5 and 6 somewhat increase the number of migrate-scanned pages.
This is most likely due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD flag, which means the cached
pfn's and pageblock skip bits are not reset by kswapd that often (at
least in phase 3 where no concurrent activity would wake up kswapd) and
the patches thus help the sync-after-async compaction. It doesn't
however show that the sync compaction would help so much with success
rates, which can be again seen as a limitation of the benchmark
scenario.
This patch (of 6):
Add two tracepoints for compaction begin and end of a zone. Using this it
is possible to calculate how much time a workload is spending within
compaction and potentially debug problems related to cached pfns for
scanning. In combination with the direct reclaim and slab trace points it
should be possible to estimate most allocation-related overhead for a
workload.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-22 07:51:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
migrate_prep_local();
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
while ((ret = compact_finished(cc)) == COMPACT_CONTINUE) {
|
2011-03-23 07:30:39 +08:00
|
|
|
int err;
|
2019-03-06 07:44:32 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long start_pfn = cc->migrate_pfn;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:07 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Avoid multiple rescans which can happen if a page cannot be
|
|
|
|
* isolated (dirty/writeback in async mode) or if the migrated
|
|
|
|
* pages are being allocated before the pageblock is cleared.
|
|
|
|
* The first rescan will capture the entire pageblock for
|
|
|
|
* migration. If it fails, it'll be marked skip and scanning
|
|
|
|
* will proceed as normal.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
cc->rescan = false;
|
|
|
|
if (pageblock_start_pfn(last_migrated_pfn) ==
|
|
|
|
pageblock_start_pfn(start_pfn)) {
|
|
|
|
cc->rescan = true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-24 06:36:58 +08:00
|
|
|
switch (isolate_migratepages(cc)) {
|
2011-06-16 06:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
case ISOLATE_ABORT:
|
2015-11-06 10:48:02 +08:00
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_CONTENDED;
|
2012-12-12 08:02:47 +08:00
|
|
|
putback_movable_pages(&cc->migratepages);
|
2012-10-09 07:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
|
2011-06-16 06:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
goto out;
|
|
|
|
case ISOLATE_NONE:
|
2019-03-06 07:45:18 +08:00
|
|
|
if (update_cached) {
|
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[1] =
|
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn[0];
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through
page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add
cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists
are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the
per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly.
During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so
that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success
immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current
implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted,
and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was
done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also
missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists.
This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone().
It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced
single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on
unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to
merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it
is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order
aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next
cc->order aligned block.
The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests.
Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not
affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This
suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit
merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt
succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since
stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it
cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However
after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier,
reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:34 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We haven't isolated and migrated anything, but
|
|
|
|
* there might still be unflushed migrations from
|
|
|
|
* previous cc->order aligned block.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
goto check_drain;
|
2011-06-16 06:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
case ISOLATE_SUCCESS:
|
2019-03-06 07:45:18 +08:00
|
|
|
update_cached = false;
|
2019-03-06 07:44:32 +08:00
|
|
|
last_migrated_pfn = start_pfn;
|
2011-06-16 06:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2014-06-05 07:08:26 +08:00
|
|
|
err = migrate_pages(&cc->migratepages, compaction_alloc,
|
2014-06-05 07:08:28 +08:00
|
|
|
compaction_free, (unsigned long)cc, cc->mode,
|
2012-10-19 21:07:31 +08:00
|
|
|
MR_COMPACTION);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm/compaction: do not count migratepages when unnecessary
During compaction, update_nr_listpages() has been used to count remaining
non-migrated and free pages after a call to migrage_pages(). The
freepages counting has become unneccessary, and it turns out that
migratepages counting is also unnecessary in most cases.
The only situation when it's needed to count cc->migratepages is when
migrate_pages() returns with a negative error code. Otherwise, the
non-negative return value is the number of pages that were not migrated,
which is exactly the count of remaining pages in the cc->migratepages
list.
Furthermore, any non-zero count is only interesting for the tracepoint of
mm_compaction_migratepages events, because after that all remaining
unmigrated pages are put back and their count is set to 0.
This patch therefore removes update_nr_listpages() completely, and changes
the tracepoint definition so that the manual counting is done only when
the tracepoint is enabled, and only when migrate_pages() returns a
negative error code.
Furthermore, migrate_pages() and the tracepoints won't be called when
there's nothing to migrate. This potentially avoids some wasted cycles
and reduces the volume of uninteresting mm_compaction_migratepages events
where "nr_migrated=0 nr_failed=0". In the stress-highalloc mmtest, this
was about 75% of the events. The mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages event
is better for determining that nothing was isolated for migration, and
this one was just duplicating the info.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-05 07:08:32 +08:00
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_migratepages(cc->nr_migratepages, err,
|
|
|
|
&cc->migratepages);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm/compaction: do not count migratepages when unnecessary
During compaction, update_nr_listpages() has been used to count remaining
non-migrated and free pages after a call to migrage_pages(). The
freepages counting has become unneccessary, and it turns out that
migratepages counting is also unnecessary in most cases.
The only situation when it's needed to count cc->migratepages is when
migrate_pages() returns with a negative error code. Otherwise, the
non-negative return value is the number of pages that were not migrated,
which is exactly the count of remaining pages in the cc->migratepages
list.
Furthermore, any non-zero count is only interesting for the tracepoint of
mm_compaction_migratepages events, because after that all remaining
unmigrated pages are put back and their count is set to 0.
This patch therefore removes update_nr_listpages() completely, and changes
the tracepoint definition so that the manual counting is done only when
the tracepoint is enabled, and only when migrate_pages() returns a
negative error code.
Furthermore, migrate_pages() and the tracepoints won't be called when
there's nothing to migrate. This potentially avoids some wasted cycles
and reduces the volume of uninteresting mm_compaction_migratepages events
where "nr_migrated=0 nr_failed=0". In the stress-highalloc mmtest, this
was about 75% of the events. The mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages event
is better for determining that nothing was isolated for migration, and
this one was just duplicating the info.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-05 07:08:32 +08:00
|
|
|
/* All pages were either migrated or will be released */
|
|
|
|
cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
|
2011-03-23 07:30:39 +08:00
|
|
|
if (err) {
|
2012-12-12 08:02:47 +08:00
|
|
|
putback_movable_pages(&cc->migratepages);
|
mm: compaction: detect when scanners meet in isolate_freepages
Compaction of a zone is finished when the migrate scanner (which begins
at the zone's lowest pfn) meets the free page scanner (which begins at
the zone's highest pfn). This is detected in compact_zone() and in the
case of direct compaction, the compact_blockskip_flush flag is set so
that kswapd later resets the cached scanner pfn's, and a new compaction
may again start at the zone's borders.
The meeting of the scanners can happen during either scanner's activity.
However, it may currently fail to be detected when it occurs in the free
page scanner, due to two problems. First, isolate_freepages() keeps
free_pfn at the highest block where it isolated pages from, for the
purposes of not missing the pages that are returned back to allocator
when migration fails. Second, failing to isolate enough free pages due
to scanners meeting results in -ENOMEM being returned by
migrate_pages(), which makes compact_zone() bail out immediately without
calling compact_finished() that would detect scanners meeting.
This failure to detect scanners meeting might result in repeated
attempts at compaction of a zone that keep starting from the cached
pfn's close to the meeting point, and quickly failing through the
-ENOMEM path, without the cached pfns being reset, over and over. This
has been observed (through additional tracepoints) in the third phase of
the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, where the allocator runs on an
otherwise idle system. The problem was observed in the DMA32 zone,
which was used as a fallback to the preferred Normal zone, but on the
4GB system it was actually the largest zone. The problem is even
amplified for such fallback zone - the deferred compaction logic, which
could (after being fixed by a previous patch) reset the cached scanner
pfn's, is only applied to the preferred zone and not for the fallbacks.
The problem in the third phase of the benchmark was further amplified by
commit 81c0a2bb515f ("mm: page_alloc: fair zone allocator policy") which
resulted in a non-deterministic regression of the allocation success
rate from ~85% to ~65%. This occurs in about half of benchmark runs,
making bisection problematic. It is unlikely that the commit itself is
buggy, but it should put more pressure on the DMA32 zone during phases 1
and 2, which may leave it more fragmented in phase 3 and expose the bugs
that this patch fixes.
The fix is to make scanners meeting in isolate_freepage() stay that way,
and to check in compact_zone() for scanners meeting when migrate_pages()
returns -ENOMEM. The result is that compact_finished() also detects
scanners meeting and sets the compact_blockskip_flush flag to make
kswapd reset the scanner pfn's.
The results in stress-highalloc benchmark show that the "regression" by
commit 81c0a2bb515f in phase 3 no longer occurs, and phase 1 and 2
allocation success rates are also significantly improved.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-22 07:51:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* migrate_pages() may return -ENOMEM when scanners meet
|
|
|
|
* and we want compact_finished() to detect it
|
|
|
|
*/
|
mm, compaction: more robust check for scanners meeting
Assorted compaction cleanups and optimizations. The interesting patches
are 4 and 5. In 4, skipping of compound pages in single iteration is
improved for migration scanner, so it works also for !PageLRU compound
pages such as hugetlbfs, slab etc. Patch 5 introduces this kind of
skipping in the free scanner. The trick is that we can read
compound_order() without any protection, if we are careful to filter out
values larger than MAX_ORDER. The only danger is that we skip too much.
The same trick was already used for reading the freepage order in the
migrate scanner.
To demonstrate improvements of Patches 4 and 5 I've run stress-highalloc
from mmtests, set to simulate THP allocations (including __GFP_COMP) on
a 4GB system where 1GB was occupied by hugetlbfs pages. I'll include
just the relevant stats:
Patch 3 Patch 4 Patch 5
Compaction stalls 7523 7529 7515
Compaction success 323 304 322
Compaction failures 7200 7224 7192
Page migrate success 247778 264395 240737
Page migrate failure 15358 33184 21621
Compaction pages isolated 906928 980192 909983
Compaction migrate scanned 2005277 1692805 1498800
Compaction free scanned 13255284 11539986 9011276
Compaction cost 288 305 277
With 5 iterations per patch, the results are still noisy, but we can see
that Patch 4 does reduce migrate_scanned by 15% thanks to skipping the
hugetlbfs pages at once. Interestingly, free_scanned is also reduced
and I have no idea why. Patch 5 further reduces free_scanned as
expected, by 15%. Other stats are unaffected modulo noise.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/1/19/158
This patch (of 5):
Compaction should finish when the migration and free scanner meet, i.e.
they reach the same pageblock. Currently however, the test in
compact_finished() simply just compares the exact pfns, which may yield
a false negative when the free scanner position is in the middle of a
pageblock and the migration scanner reaches the begining of the same
pageblock.
This hasn't been a problem until commit e14c720efdd7 ("mm, compaction:
remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner") allowed the
free scanner position to be in the middle of a pageblock between
invocations. The hot-fix 1d5bfe1ffb5b ("mm, compaction: prevent
infinite loop in compact_zone") prevented the issue by adding a special
check in the migration scanner to satisfy the current detection of
scanners meeting.
However, the proper fix is to make the detection more robust. This
patch introduces the compact_scanners_met() function that returns true
when the free scanner position is in the same or lower pageblock than
the migration scanner. The special case in isolate_migratepages()
introduced by 1d5bfe1ffb5b is removed.
Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 06:02:36 +08:00
|
|
|
if (err == -ENOMEM && !compact_scanners_met(cc)) {
|
2015-11-06 10:48:02 +08:00
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_CONTENDED;
|
2012-07-12 05:02:13 +08:00
|
|
|
goto out;
|
|
|
|
}
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We failed to migrate at least one page in the current
|
|
|
|
* order-aligned block, so skip the rest of it.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (cc->direct_compaction &&
|
|
|
|
(cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC)) {
|
|
|
|
cc->migrate_pfn = block_end_pfn(
|
|
|
|
cc->migrate_pfn - 1, cc->order);
|
|
|
|
/* Draining pcplists is useless in this case */
|
2019-03-06 07:44:32 +08:00
|
|
|
last_migrated_pfn = 0;
|
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 08:11:55 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through
page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add
cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists
are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the
per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly.
During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so
that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success
immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current
implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted,
and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was
done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also
missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists.
This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone().
It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced
single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on
unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to
merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it
is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order
aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next
cc->order aligned block.
The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests.
Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not
affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This
suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit
merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt
succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since
stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it
cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However
after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier,
reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:34 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
check_drain:
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Has the migration scanner moved away from the previous
|
|
|
|
* cc->order aligned block where we migrated from? If yes,
|
|
|
|
* flush the pages that were freed, so that they can merge and
|
|
|
|
* compact_finished() can detect immediately if allocation
|
|
|
|
* would succeed.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:44:32 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cc->order > 0 && last_migrated_pfn) {
|
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through
page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add
cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists
are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the
per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly.
During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so
that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success
immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current
implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted,
and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was
done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also
missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists.
This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone().
It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced
single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on
unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to
merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it
is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order
aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next
cc->order aligned block.
The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests.
Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not
affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This
suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit
merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt
succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since
stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it
cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However
after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier,
reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:34 +08:00
|
|
|
int cpu;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long current_block_start =
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
block_start_pfn(cc->migrate_pfn, cc->order);
|
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through
page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add
cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists
are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the
per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly.
During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so
that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success
immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current
implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted,
and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was
done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also
missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists.
This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone().
It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced
single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on
unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to
merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it
is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order
aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next
cc->order aligned block.
The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests.
Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not
affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This
suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit
merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt
succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since
stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it
cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However
after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier,
reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:34 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:44:32 +08:00
|
|
|
if (last_migrated_pfn < current_block_start) {
|
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through
page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add
cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists
are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the
per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly.
During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so
that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success
immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current
implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted,
and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was
done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also
missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists.
This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone().
It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced
single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on
unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to
merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it
is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order
aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next
cc->order aligned block.
The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests.
Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not
affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This
suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit
merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt
succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since
stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it
cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However
after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier,
reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:34 +08:00
|
|
|
cpu = get_cpu();
|
|
|
|
lru_add_drain_cpu(cpu);
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
drain_local_pages(cc->zone);
|
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through
page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add
cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists
are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the
per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly.
During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so
that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success
immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current
implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted,
and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was
done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also
missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists.
This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone().
It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced
single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on
unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to
merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it
is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order
aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next
cc->order aligned block.
The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests.
Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not
affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This
suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit
merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt
succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since
stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it
cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However
after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier,
reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:34 +08:00
|
|
|
put_cpu();
|
|
|
|
/* No more flushing until we migrate again */
|
2019-03-06 07:44:32 +08:00
|
|
|
last_migrated_pfn = 0;
|
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through
page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add
cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists
are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the
per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly.
During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so
that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success
immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current
implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted,
and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was
done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also
missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists.
This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone().
It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced
single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on
unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to
merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it
is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order
aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next
cc->order aligned block.
The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests.
Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not
affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This
suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit
merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt
succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since
stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it
cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However
after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier,
reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:34 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Stop if a page has been captured */
|
|
|
|
if (capc && capc->page) {
|
|
|
|
ret = COMPACT_SUCCESS;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2011-06-16 06:08:52 +08:00
|
|
|
out:
|
mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit 35979ef33931 ("mm, compaction: add per-zone migration pfn
cache for async compaction").
After this patch, cached positions are updated unconditionally. In
stress-highalloc benchmark, this has decreased the numbers of scanned
pages by few percent, without affecting allocation success rates.
To prevent free scanner from leaving free pages behind after they are
returned due to page migration failure, the cached scanner pfn is changed
to point to the pageblock of the returned free page with the highest pfn,
before leaving compact_zone().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:31 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Release free pages and update where the free scanner should restart,
|
|
|
|
* so we don't leave any returned pages behind in the next attempt.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (cc->nr_freepages > 0) {
|
|
|
|
unsigned long free_pfn = release_freepages(&cc->freepages);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cc->nr_freepages = 0;
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON(free_pfn == 0);
|
|
|
|
/* The cached pfn is always the first in a pageblock */
|
2016-05-20 08:11:48 +08:00
|
|
|
free_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(free_pfn);
|
mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit 35979ef33931 ("mm, compaction: add per-zone migration pfn
cache for async compaction").
After this patch, cached positions are updated unconditionally. In
stress-highalloc benchmark, this has decreased the numbers of scanned
pages by few percent, without affecting allocation success rates.
To prevent free scanner from leaving free pages behind after they are
returned due to page migration failure, the cached scanner pfn is changed
to point to the pageblock of the returned free page with the highest pfn,
before leaving compact_zone().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:31 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Only go back, not forward. The cached pfn might have been
|
|
|
|
* already reset to zone end in compact_finished()
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-06 07:44:36 +08:00
|
|
|
if (free_pfn > cc->zone->compact_cached_free_pfn)
|
|
|
|
cc->zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = free_pfn;
|
mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit 35979ef33931 ("mm, compaction: add per-zone migration pfn
cache for async compaction").
After this patch, cached positions are updated unconditionally. In
stress-highalloc benchmark, this has decreased the numbers of scanned
pages by few percent, without affecting allocation success rates.
To prevent free scanner from leaving free pages behind after they are
returned due to page migration failure, the cached scanner pfn is changed
to point to the pageblock of the returned free page with the highest pfn,
before leaving compact_zone().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:31 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2017-02-23 07:44:50 +08:00
|
|
|
count_compact_events(COMPACTMIGRATE_SCANNED, cc->total_migrate_scanned);
|
|
|
|
count_compact_events(COMPACTFREE_SCANNED, cc->total_free_scanned);
|
|
|
|
|
2015-02-12 07:27:01 +08:00
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_end(start_pfn, cc->migrate_pfn,
|
|
|
|
cc->free_pfn, end_pfn, sync, ret);
|
mm: compaction: trace compaction begin and end
The broad goal of the series is to improve allocation success rates for
huge pages through memory compaction, while trying not to increase the
compaction overhead. The original objective was to reintroduce
capturing of high-order pages freed by the compaction, before they are
split by concurrent activity. However, several bugs and opportunities
for simple improvements were found in the current implementation, mostly
through extra tracepoints (which are however too ugly for now to be
considered for sending).
The patches mostly deal with two mechanisms that reduce compaction
overhead, which is caching the progress of migrate and free scanners,
and marking pageblocks where isolation failed to be skipped during
further scans.
Patch 1 (from mgorman) adds tracepoints that allow calculate time spent in
compaction and potentially debug scanner pfn values.
Patch 2 encapsulates the some functionality for handling deferred compactions
for better maintainability, without a functional change
type is not determined without being actually needed.
Patch 3 fixes a bug where cached scanner pfn's are sometimes reset only after
they have been read to initialize a compaction run.
Patch 4 fixes a bug where scanners meeting is sometimes not properly detected
and can lead to multiple compaction attempts quitting early without
doing any work.
Patch 5 improves the chances of sync compaction to process pageblocks that
async compaction has skipped due to being !MIGRATE_MOVABLE.
Patch 6 improves the chances of sync direct compaction to actually do anything
when called after async compaction fails during allocation slowpath.
The impact of patches were validated using mmtests's stress-highalloc
benchmark with mmtests's stress-highalloc benchmark on a x86_64 machine
with 4GB memory.
Due to instability of the results (mostly related to the bugs fixed by
patches 2 and 3), 10 iterations were performed, taking min,mean,max
values for success rates and mean values for time and vmstat-based
metrics.
First, the default GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE allocations were tested with the
patches stacked on top of v3.13-rc2. Patch 2 is OK to serve as baseline
due to no functional changes in 1 and 2. Comments below.
stress-highalloc
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
Success 1 Min 9.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-11.11%) 43.00 (-377.78%) 43.00 (-377.78%) 33.00 (-266.67%)
Success 1 Mean 27.50 ( 0.00%) 25.30 ( 8.00%) 45.50 (-65.45%) 45.90 (-66.91%) 46.30 (-68.36%)
Success 1 Max 36.00 ( 0.00%) 36.00 ( 0.00%) 47.00 (-30.56%) 48.00 (-33.33%) 52.00 (-44.44%)
Success 2 Min 10.00 ( 0.00%) 8.00 ( 20.00%) 46.00 (-360.00%) 45.00 (-350.00%) 35.00 (-250.00%)
Success 2 Mean 26.40 ( 0.00%) 23.50 ( 10.98%) 47.30 (-79.17%) 47.60 (-80.30%) 48.10 (-82.20%)
Success 2 Max 34.00 ( 0.00%) 33.00 ( 2.94%) 48.00 (-41.18%) 50.00 (-47.06%) 54.00 (-58.82%)
Success 3 Min 65.00 ( 0.00%) 63.00 ( 3.08%) 85.00 (-30.77%) 84.00 (-29.23%) 85.00 (-30.77%)
Success 3 Mean 76.70 ( 0.00%) 70.50 ( 8.08%) 86.20 (-12.39%) 85.50 (-11.47%) 86.00 (-12.13%)
Success 3 Max 87.00 ( 0.00%) 86.00 ( 1.15%) 88.00 ( -1.15%) 87.00 ( 0.00%) 87.00 ( 0.00%)
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
User 6437.72 6459.76 5960.32 5974.55 6019.67
System 1049.65 1049.09 1029.32 1031.47 1032.31
Elapsed 1856.77 1874.48 1949.97 1994.22 1983.15
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
Minor Faults 253952267 254581900 250030122 250507333 250157829
Major Faults 420 407 506 530 530
Swap Ins 4 9 9 6 6
Swap Outs 398 375 345 346 333
Direct pages scanned 197538 189017 298574 287019 299063
Kswapd pages scanned 1809843 1801308 1846674 1873184 1861089
Kswapd pages reclaimed 1806972 1798684 1844219 1870509 1858622
Direct pages reclaimed 197227 188829 298380 286822 298835
Kswapd efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Kswapd velocity 953.382 970.449 952.243 934.569 922.286
Direct efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Direct velocity 104.058 101.832 153.961 143.200 148.205
Percentage direct scans 9% 9% 13% 13% 13%
Zone normal velocity 347.289 359.676 348.063 339.933 332.983
Zone dma32 velocity 710.151 712.605 758.140 737.835 737.507
Zone dma velocity 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page writes by reclaim 557.600 429.000 353.600 426.400 381.800
Page writes file 159 53 7 79 48
Page writes anon 398 375 345 346 333
Page reclaim immediate 825 644 411 575 420
Sector Reads 2781750 2769780 2878547 2939128 2910483
Sector Writes 12080843 12083351 12012892 12002132 12010745
Page rescued immediate 0 0 0 0 0
Slabs scanned 1575654 1545344 1778406 1786700 1794073
Direct inode steals 9657 10037 15795 14104 14645
Kswapd inode steals 46857 46335 50543 50716 51796
Kswapd skipped wait 0 0 0 0 0
THP fault alloc 97 91 81 71 77
THP collapse alloc 456 506 546 544 565
THP splits 6 5 5 4 4
THP fault fallback 0 1 0 0 0
THP collapse fail 14 14 12 13 12
Compaction stalls 1006 980 1537 1536 1548
Compaction success 303 284 562 559 578
Compaction failures 702 696 974 976 969
Page migrate success 1177325 1070077 3927538 3781870 3877057
Page migrate failure 0 0 0 0 0
Compaction pages isolated 2547248 2306457 8301218 8008500 8200674
Compaction migrate scanned 42290478 38832618 153961130 154143900 159141197
Compaction free scanned 89199429 79189151 356529027 351943166 356326727
Compaction cost 1566 1426 5312 5156 5294
NUMA PTE updates 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint faults 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint local faults 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint local percent 100 100 100 100 100
NUMA pages migrated 0 0 0 0 0
AutoNUMA cost 0 0 0 0 0
Observations:
- The "Success 3" line is allocation success rate with system idle
(phases 1 and 2 are with background interference). I used to get stable
values around 85% with vanilla 3.11. The lower min and mean values came
with 3.12. This was bisected to commit 81c0a2bb ("mm: page_alloc: fair
zone allocator policy") As explained in comment for patch 3, I don't
think the commit is wrong, but that it makes the effect of compaction
bugs worse. From patch 3 onwards, the results are OK and match the 3.11
results.
- Patch 4 also clearly helps phases 1 and 2, and exceeds any results
I've seen with 3.11 (I didn't measure it that thoroughly then, but it
was never above 40%).
- Compaction cost and number of scanned pages is higher, especially due
to patch 4. However, keep in mind that patches 3 and 4 fix existing
bugs in the current design of compaction overhead mitigation, they do
not change it. If overhead is found unacceptable, then it should be
decreased differently (and consistently, not due to random conditions)
than the current implementation does. In contrast, patches 5 and 6
(which are not strictly bug fixes) do not increase the overhead (but
also not success rates). This might be a limitation of the
stress-highalloc benchmark as it's quite uniform.
Another set of results is when configuring stress-highalloc t allocate
with similar flags as THP uses:
(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NORETRY|__GFP_NO_KSWAPD)
stress-highalloc
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-thp 3-thp 4-thp 5-thp 6-thp
Success 1 Min 2.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-250.00%) 18.00 (-800.00%) 19.00 (-850.00%) 26.00 (-1200.00%)
Success 1 Mean 19.20 ( 0.00%) 17.80 ( 7.29%) 29.20 (-52.08%) 29.90 (-55.73%) 32.80 (-70.83%)
Success 1 Max 27.00 ( 0.00%) 29.00 ( -7.41%) 35.00 (-29.63%) 36.00 (-33.33%) 37.00 (-37.04%)
Success 2 Min 3.00 ( 0.00%) 8.00 (-166.67%) 21.00 (-600.00%) 21.00 (-600.00%) 32.00 (-966.67%)
Success 2 Mean 19.30 ( 0.00%) 17.90 ( 7.25%) 32.20 (-66.84%) 32.60 (-68.91%) 35.70 (-84.97%)
Success 2 Max 27.00 ( 0.00%) 30.00 (-11.11%) 36.00 (-33.33%) 37.00 (-37.04%) 39.00 (-44.44%)
Success 3 Min 62.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 0.00%) 85.00 (-37.10%) 75.00 (-20.97%) 64.00 ( -3.23%)
Success 3 Mean 66.30 ( 0.00%) 65.50 ( 1.21%) 85.60 (-29.11%) 83.40 (-25.79%) 83.50 (-25.94%)
Success 3 Max 70.00 ( 0.00%) 69.00 ( 1.43%) 87.00 (-24.29%) 86.00 (-22.86%) 87.00 (-24.29%)
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-thp 3-thp 4-thp 5-thp 6-thp
User 6547.93 6475.85 6265.54 6289.46 6189.96
System 1053.42 1047.28 1043.23 1042.73 1038.73
Elapsed 1835.43 1821.96 1908.67 1912.74 1956.38
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-thp 3-thp 4-thp 5-thp 6-thp
Minor Faults 256805673 253106328 253222299 249830289 251184418
Major Faults 395 375 423 434 448
Swap Ins 12 10 10 12 9
Swap Outs 530 537 487 455 415
Direct pages scanned 71859 86046 153244 152764 190713
Kswapd pages scanned 1900994 1870240 1898012 1892864 1880520
Kswapd pages reclaimed 1897814 1867428 1894939 1890125 1877924
Direct pages reclaimed 71766 85908 153167 152643 190600
Kswapd efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Kswapd velocity 1029.000 1067.782 1000.091 991.049 951.218
Direct efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Direct velocity 38.897 49.127 80.747 79.983 96.468
Percentage direct scans 3% 4% 7% 7% 9%
Zone normal velocity 351.377 372.494 348.910 341.689 335.310
Zone dma32 velocity 716.520 744.414 731.928 729.343 712.377
Zone dma velocity 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page writes by reclaim 669.300 604.000 545.700 538.900 429.900
Page writes file 138 66 58 83 14
Page writes anon 530 537 487 455 415
Page reclaim immediate 806 655 772 548 517
Sector Reads 2711956 2703239 2811602 2818248 2839459
Sector Writes 12163238 12018662 12038248 11954736 11994892
Page rescued immediate 0 0 0 0 0
Slabs scanned 1385088 1388364 1507968 1513292 1558656
Direct inode steals 1739 2564 4622 5496 6007
Kswapd inode steals 47461 46406 47804 48013 48466
Kswapd skipped wait 0 0 0 0 0
THP fault alloc 110 82 84 69 70
THP collapse alloc 445 482 467 462 539
THP splits 6 5 4 5 3
THP fault fallback 3 0 0 0 0
THP collapse fail 15 14 14 14 13
Compaction stalls 659 685 1033 1073 1111
Compaction success 222 225 410 427 456
Compaction failures 436 460 622 646 655
Page migrate success 446594 439978 1085640 1095062 1131716
Page migrate failure 0 0 0 0 0
Compaction pages isolated 1029475 1013490 2453074 2482698 2565400
Compaction migrate scanned 9955461 11344259 24375202 27978356 30494204
Compaction free scanned 27715272 28544654 80150615 82898631 85756132
Compaction cost 552 555 1344 1379 1436
NUMA PTE updates 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint faults 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint local faults 0 0 0 0 0
NUMA hint local percent 100 100 100 100 100
NUMA pages migrated 0 0 0 0 0
AutoNUMA cost 0 0 0 0 0
There are some differences from the previous results for THP-like allocations:
- Here, the bad result for unpatched kernel in phase 3 is much more
consistent to be between 65-70% and not related to the "regression" in
3.12. Still there is the improvement from patch 4 onwards, which brings
it on par with simple GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE allocations.
- Compaction costs have increased, but nowhere near as much as the
non-THP case. Again, the patches should be worth the gained
determininsm.
- Patches 5 and 6 somewhat increase the number of migrate-scanned pages.
This is most likely due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD flag, which means the cached
pfn's and pageblock skip bits are not reset by kswapd that often (at
least in phase 3 where no concurrent activity would wake up kswapd) and
the patches thus help the sync-after-async compaction. It doesn't
however show that the sync compaction would help so much with success
rates, which can be again seen as a limitation of the benchmark
scenario.
This patch (of 6):
Add two tracepoints for compaction begin and end of a zone. Using this it
is possible to calculate how much time a workload is spending within
compaction and potentially debug problems related to cached pfns for
scanning. In combination with the direct reclaim and slab trace points it
should be possible to estimate most allocation-related overhead for a
workload.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-22 07:51:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
return ret;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-05-21 07:56:38 +08:00
|
|
|
static enum compact_result compact_zone_order(struct zone *zone, int order,
|
mm, compaction: simplify contended compaction handling
Async compaction detects contention either due to failing trylock on
zone->lock or lru_lock, or by need_resched(). Since 1f9efdef4f3f ("mm,
compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()") the
code got quite complicated to distinguish these two up to the
__alloc_pages_slowpath() level, so different decisions could be taken
for khugepaged allocations.
After the recent changes, khugepaged allocations don't check for
contended compaction anymore, so we again don't need to distinguish lock
and sched contention, and simplify the current convoluted code a lot.
However, I believe it's also possible to simplify even more and
completely remove the check for contended compaction after the initial
async compaction for costly orders, which was originally aimed at THP
page fault allocations. There are several reasons why this can be done
now:
- with the new defaults, THP page faults no longer do reclaim/compaction at
all, unless the system admin has overridden the default, or application has
indicated via madvise that it can benefit from THP's. In both cases, it
means that the potential extra latency is expected and worth the benefits.
- even if reclaim/compaction proceeds after this patch where it previously
wouldn't, the second compaction attempt is still async and will detect the
contention and back off, if the contention persists
- there are still heuristics like deferred compaction and pageblock skip bits
in place that prevent excessive THP page fault latencies
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-29 06:49:30 +08:00
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|
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gfp_t gfp_mask, enum compact_priority prio,
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
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|
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unsigned int alloc_flags, int classzone_idx,
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|
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struct page **capture)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
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{
|
2016-05-21 07:56:38 +08:00
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enum compact_result ret;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
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struct compact_control cc = {
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.order = order,
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2019-03-06 07:45:31 +08:00
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.search_order = order,
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2014-10-10 06:27:27 +08:00
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.gfp_mask = gfp_mask,
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2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
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.zone = zone,
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2016-07-29 06:49:28 +08:00
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.mode = (prio == COMPACT_PRIO_ASYNC) ?
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MIGRATE_ASYNC : MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT,
|
mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking
Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's
worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction
should stop in compact_finished(). The watermark checks take
classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory
allocation request. But from the context of compaction they are currently
passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy
the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values.
The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken
during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request. Lack
of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into
account. This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred
compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone.
compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the
watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in
get_page_from_freelist() would fail. Because of this problem, deferring
compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following
patch.
The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite
in nature. For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or
ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on
CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed
will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist(). In these cases
compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed.
Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone
need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have
enough free free pages to succeed compaction". The latter considers extra
pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return
COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we
should return COMPACT_PARTIAL.
This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to
struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction
and watermark checking. Where possible, all other callers of
compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known. This is
currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd
context. However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim()
and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the
coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate
as it could. This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue.
Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the
second issue described above.
The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation
success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of
allocations and presence of CMA. It allows simplifying deferred
compaction code in a followup patch.
When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement
(which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like
allocations.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-11 07:43:22 +08:00
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.alloc_flags = alloc_flags,
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.classzone_idx = classzone_idx,
|
mm, kswapd: replace kswapd compaction with waking up kcompactd
Similarly to direct reclaim/compaction, kswapd attempts to combine
reclaim and compaction to attempt making memory allocation of given
order available.
The details differ from direct reclaim e.g. in having high watermark as
a goal. The code involved in kswapd's reclaim/compaction decisions has
evolved to be quite complex.
Testing reveals that it doesn't actually work in at least one scenario,
and closer inspection suggests that it could be greatly simplified
without compromising on the goal (make high-order page available) or
efficiency (don't reclaim too much). The simplification relieas of
doing all compaction in kcompactd, which is simply woken up when high
watermarks are reached by kswapd's reclaim.
The scenario where kswapd compaction doesn't work was found with mmtests
test stress-highalloc configured to attempt order-9 allocations without
direct reclaim, just waking up kswapd. There was no compaction attempt
from kswapd during the whole test. Some added instrumentation shows
what happens:
- balance_pgdat() sets end_zone to Normal, as it's not balanced
- reclaim is attempted on DMA zone, which sets nr_attempted to 99, but
it cannot reclaim anything, so sc.nr_reclaimed is 0
- for zones DMA32 and Normal, kswapd_shrink_zone uses testorder=0, so
it merely checks if high watermarks were reached for base pages.
This is true, so no reclaim is attempted. For DMA, testorder=0
wasn't used, as compaction_suitable() returned COMPACT_SKIPPED
- even though the pgdat_needs_compaction flag wasn't set to false, no
compaction happens due to the condition sc.nr_reclaimed >
nr_attempted being false (as 0 < 99)
- priority-- due to nr_reclaimed being 0, repeat until priority reaches
0 pgdat_balanced() is false as only the small zone DMA appears
balanced (curiously in that check, watermark appears OK and
compaction_suitable() returns COMPACT_PARTIAL, because a lower
classzone_idx is used there)
Now, even if it was decided that reclaim shouldn't be attempted on the
DMA zone, the scenario would be the same, as (sc.nr_reclaimed=0 >
nr_attempted=0) is also false. The condition really should use >= as
the comment suggests. Then there is a mismatch in the check for setting
pgdat_needs_compaction to false using low watermark, while the rest uses
high watermark, and who knows what other subtlety. Hopefully this
demonstrates that this is unsustainable.
Luckily we can simplify this a lot. The reclaim/compaction decisions
make sense for direct reclaim scenario, but in kswapd, our primary goal
is to reach high watermark in order-0 pages. Afterwards we can attempt
compaction just once. Unlike direct reclaim, we don't reclaim extra
pages (over the high watermark), the current code already disallows it
for good reasons.
After this patch, we simply wake up kcompactd to process the pgdat,
after we have either succeeded or failed to reach the high watermarks in
kswapd, which goes to sleep. We pass kswapd's order and classzone_idx,
so kcompactd can apply the same criteria to determine which zones are
worth compacting. Note that we use the classzone_idx from
wakeup_kswapd(), not balanced_classzone_idx which can include higher
zones that kswapd tried to balance too, but didn't consider them in
pgdat_balanced().
Since kswapd now cannot create high-order pages itself, we need to
adjust how it determines the zones to be balanced. The key element here
is adding a "highorder" parameter to zone_balanced, which, when set to
false, makes it consider only order-0 watermark instead of the desired
higher order (this was done previously by kswapd_shrink_zone(), but not
elsewhere). This false is passed for example in pgdat_balanced().
Importantly, wakeup_kswapd() uses true to make sure kswapd and thus
kcompactd are woken up for a high-order allocation failure.
The last thing is to decide what to do with pageblock_skip bitmap
handling. Compaction maintains a pageblock_skip bitmap to record
pageblocks where isolation recently failed. This bitmap can be reset by
three ways:
1) direct compaction is restarting after going through the full deferred cycle
2) kswapd goes to sleep, and some other direct compaction has previously
finished scanning the whole zone and set zone->compact_blockskip_flush.
Note that a successful direct compaction clears this flag.
3) compaction was invoked manually via trigger in /proc
The case 2) is somewhat fuzzy to begin with, but after introducing
kcompactd we should update it. The check for direct compaction in 1),
and to set the flush flag in 2) use current_is_kswapd(), which doesn't
work for kcompactd. Thus, this patch adds bool direct_compaction to
compact_control to use in 2). For the case 1) we remove the check
completely - unlike the former kswapd compaction, kcompactd does use the
deferred compaction functionality, so flushing tied to restarting from
deferred compaction makes sense here.
Note that when kswapd goes to sleep, kcompactd is woken up, so it will
see the flushed pageblock_skip bits. This is different from when the
former kswapd compaction observed the bits and I believe it makes more
sense. Kcompactd can afford to be more thorough than a direct
compaction trying to limit allocation latency, or kswapd whose primary
goal is to reclaim.
For testing, I used stress-highalloc configured to do order-9
allocations with GFP_NOWAIT|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP, so they relied just
on kswapd/kcompactd reclaim/compaction (the interfering kernel builds in
phases 1 and 2 work as usual):
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Success 1 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 1 Mean 1.40 ( 0.00%) 6.20 (-55.00%)
Success 1 Max 2.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 2 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 2 Mean 1.80 ( 0.00%) 6.40 (-52.38%)
Success 2 Max 3.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 3 Min 34.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 1.59%)
Success 3 Mean 41.80 ( 0.00%) 63.80 ( 1.24%)
Success 3 Max 53.00 ( 0.00%) 65.00 ( 2.99%)
User 3166.67 3181.09
System 1153.37 1158.25
Elapsed 1768.53 1799.37
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Direct pages scanned 32938 32797
Kswapd pages scanned 2183166 2202613
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2152359 2143524
Direct pages reclaimed 32735 32545
Percentage direct scans 1% 1%
THP fault alloc 579 612
THP collapse alloc 304 316
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 793 778
THP collapse fail 11 16
Compaction stalls 1013 1007
Compaction success 92 67
Compaction failures 920 939
Page migrate success 238457 721374
Page migrate failure 23021 23469
Compaction pages isolated 504695 1479924
Compaction migrate scanned 661390 8812554
Compaction free scanned 13476658 84327916
Compaction cost 262 838
After this patch we see improvements in allocation success rate
(especially for phase 3) along with increased compaction activity. The
compaction stalls (direct compaction) in the interfering kernel builds
(probably THP's) also decreased somewhat thanks to kcompactd activity,
yet THP alloc successes improved a bit.
Note that elapsed and user time isn't so useful for this benchmark,
because of the background interference being unpredictable. It's just
to quickly spot some major unexpected differences. System time is
somewhat more useful and that didn't increase.
Also (after adjusting mmtests' ftrace monitor):
Time kswapd awake 2547781 2269241
Time kcompactd awake 0 119253
Time direct compacting 939937 557649
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 119099
The decrease of overal time spent compacting appears to not match the
increased compaction stats. I suspect the tasks get rescheduled and
since the ftrace monitor doesn't see that, the reported time is wall
time, not CPU time. But arguably direct compactors care about overall
latency anyway, whether busy compacting or waiting for CPU doesn't
matter. And that latency seems to almost halved.
It's also interesting how much time kswapd spent awake just going
through all the priorities and failing to even try compacting, over and
over.
We can also configure stress-highalloc to perform both direct
reclaim/compaction and wakeup kswapd/kcompactd, by using
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP:
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Success 1 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 1 Mean 8.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-19.05%)
Success 1 Max 12.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 15.38%)
Success 2 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 2 Mean 8.20 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-16.28%)
Success 2 Max 13.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 8.33%)
Success 3 Min 75.00 ( 0.00%) 74.00 ( 1.33%)
Success 3 Mean 75.60 ( 0.00%) 75.20 ( 0.53%)
Success 3 Max 77.00 ( 0.00%) 76.00 ( 0.00%)
User 3344.73 3246.04
System 1194.24 1172.29
Elapsed 1838.04 1836.76
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Direct pages scanned 125146 120966
Kswapd pages scanned 2119757 2135012
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2073183 2108388
Direct pages reclaimed 124909 120577
Percentage direct scans 5% 5%
THP fault alloc 599 652
THP collapse alloc 323 354
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 806 793
THP collapse fail 17 16
Compaction stalls 2457 2025
Compaction success 906 518
Compaction failures 1551 1507
Page migrate success 2031423 2360608
Page migrate failure 32845 40852
Compaction pages isolated 4129761 4802025
Compaction migrate scanned 11996712 21750613
Compaction free scanned 214970969 344372001
Compaction cost 2271 2694
In this scenario, this patch doesn't change the overall success rate as
direct compaction already tries all it can. There's however significant
reduction in direct compaction stalls (that is, the number of
allocations that went into direct compaction). The number of successes
(i.e. direct compaction stalls that ended up with successful
allocation) is reduced by the same number. This means the offload to
kcompactd is working as expected, and direct compaction is reduced
either due to detecting contention, or compaction deferred by kcompactd.
In the previous version of this patchset there was some apparent
reduction of success rate, but the changes in this version (such as
using sync compaction only), new baseline kernel, and/or averaging
results from 5 executions (my bet), made this go away.
Ftrace-based stats seem to roughly agree:
Time kswapd awake 2532984 2326824
Time kcompactd awake 0 257916
Time direct compacting 864839 735130
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 257585
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:15 +08:00
|
|
|
.direct_compaction = true,
|
2016-10-08 07:57:47 +08:00
|
|
|
.whole_zone = (prio == MIN_COMPACT_PRIORITY),
|
2016-10-08 08:00:37 +08:00
|
|
|
.ignore_skip_hint = (prio == MIN_COMPACT_PRIORITY),
|
|
|
|
.ignore_block_suitable = (prio == MIN_COMPACT_PRIORITY)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
};
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
struct capture_control capc = {
|
|
|
|
.cc = &cc,
|
|
|
|
.page = NULL,
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: fully assume capture is not NULL in compact_zone_order()
Dan reports:
The patch 5e1f0f098b46: "mm, compaction: capture a page under direct
compaction" from Mar 5, 2019, leads to the following Smatch complaint:
mm/compaction.c:2321 compact_zone_order()
error: we previously assumed 'capture' could be null (see line 2313)
mm/compaction.c
2288 static enum compact_result compact_zone_order(struct zone *zone, int order,
2289 gfp_t gfp_mask, enum compact_priority prio,
2290 unsigned int alloc_flags, int classzone_idx,
2291 struct page **capture)
^^^^^^^
2313 if (capture)
^^^^^^^
Check for NULL
2314 current->capture_control = &capc;
2315
2316 ret = compact_zone(&cc, &capc);
2317
2318 VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.freepages));
2319 VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.migratepages));
2320
2321 *capture = capc.page;
^^^^^^^^
Unchecked dereference.
2322 current->capture_control = NULL;
2323
In practice this is not an issue, as the only caller path passes non-NULL
capture:
__alloc_pages_direct_compact()
struct page *page = NULL;
try_to_compact_pages(capture = &page);
compact_zone_order(capture = capture);
So let's remove the unnecessary check, which should also make Smatch happy.
Fixes: 5e1f0f098b46 ("mm, compaction: capture a page under direct compaction")
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/18b0df3c-0589-d96c-23fa-040798fee187@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-04-02 12:10:35 +08:00
|
|
|
current->capture_control = &capc;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
ret = compact_zone(&cc, &capc);
|
2012-10-09 07:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.freepages));
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.migratepages));
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
*capture = capc.page;
|
|
|
|
current->capture_control = NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 07:32:27 +08:00
|
|
|
return ret;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:31 +08:00
|
|
|
int sysctl_extfrag_threshold = 500;
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
/**
|
|
|
|
* try_to_compact_pages - Direct compact to satisfy a high-order allocation
|
|
|
|
* @gfp_mask: The GFP mask of the current allocation
|
2015-02-12 07:25:44 +08:00
|
|
|
* @order: The order of the current allocation
|
|
|
|
* @alloc_flags: The allocation flags of the current allocation
|
|
|
|
* @ac: The context of current allocation
|
2018-02-01 08:20:23 +08:00
|
|
|
* @prio: Determines how hard direct compaction should try to succeed
|
mm, compaction: fully assume capture is not NULL in compact_zone_order()
Dan reports:
The patch 5e1f0f098b46: "mm, compaction: capture a page under direct
compaction" from Mar 5, 2019, leads to the following Smatch complaint:
mm/compaction.c:2321 compact_zone_order()
error: we previously assumed 'capture' could be null (see line 2313)
mm/compaction.c
2288 static enum compact_result compact_zone_order(struct zone *zone, int order,
2289 gfp_t gfp_mask, enum compact_priority prio,
2290 unsigned int alloc_flags, int classzone_idx,
2291 struct page **capture)
^^^^^^^
2313 if (capture)
^^^^^^^
Check for NULL
2314 current->capture_control = &capc;
2315
2316 ret = compact_zone(&cc, &capc);
2317
2318 VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.freepages));
2319 VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.migratepages));
2320
2321 *capture = capc.page;
^^^^^^^^
Unchecked dereference.
2322 current->capture_control = NULL;
2323
In practice this is not an issue, as the only caller path passes non-NULL
capture:
__alloc_pages_direct_compact()
struct page *page = NULL;
try_to_compact_pages(capture = &page);
compact_zone_order(capture = capture);
So let's remove the unnecessary check, which should also make Smatch happy.
Fixes: 5e1f0f098b46 ("mm, compaction: capture a page under direct compaction")
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/18b0df3c-0589-d96c-23fa-040798fee187@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-04-02 12:10:35 +08:00
|
|
|
* @capture: Pointer to free page created by compaction will be stored here
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* This is the main entry point for direct page compaction.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-05-21 07:56:38 +08:00
|
|
|
enum compact_result try_to_compact_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
|
2016-05-20 08:13:38 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned int alloc_flags, const struct alloc_context *ac,
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
enum compact_priority prio, struct page **capture)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int may_perform_io = gfp_mask & __GFP_IO;
|
|
|
|
struct zoneref *z;
|
|
|
|
struct zone *zone;
|
2016-05-21 07:56:44 +08:00
|
|
|
enum compact_result rc = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-12-15 07:04:07 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Check if the GFP flags allow compaction - GFP_NOIO is really
|
|
|
|
* tricky context because the migration might require IO
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!may_perform_io)
|
mm, compaction: defer each zone individually instead of preferred zone
When direct sync compaction is often unsuccessful, it may become deferred
for some time to avoid further useless attempts, both sync and async.
Successful high-order allocations un-defer compaction, while further
unsuccessful compaction attempts prolong the compaction deferred period.
Currently the checking and setting deferred status is performed only on
the preferred zone of the allocation that invoked direct compaction. But
compaction itself is attempted on all eligible zones in the zonelist, so
the behavior is suboptimal and may lead both to scenarios where 1)
compaction is attempted uselessly, or 2) where it's not attempted despite
good chances of succeeding, as shown on the examples below:
1) A direct compaction with Normal preferred zone failed and set
deferred compaction for the Normal zone. Another unrelated direct
compaction with DMA32 as preferred zone will attempt to compact DMA32
zone even though the first compaction attempt also included DMA32 zone.
In another scenario, compaction with Normal preferred zone failed to
compact Normal zone, but succeeded in the DMA32 zone, so it will not
defer compaction. In the next attempt, it will try Normal zone which
will fail again, instead of skipping Normal zone and trying DMA32
directly.
2) Kswapd will balance DMA32 zone and reset defer status based on
watermarks looking good. A direct compaction with preferred Normal
zone will skip compaction of all zones including DMA32 because Normal
was still deferred. The allocation might have succeeded in DMA32, but
won't.
This patch makes compaction deferring work on individual zone basis
instead of preferred zone. For each zone, it checks compaction_deferred()
to decide if the zone should be skipped. If watermarks fail after
compacting the zone, defer_compaction() is called. The zone where
watermarks passed can still be deferred when the allocation attempt is
unsuccessful. When allocation is successful, compaction_defer_reset() is
called for the zone containing the allocated page. This approach should
approximate calling defer_compaction() only on zones where compaction was
attempted and did not yield allocated page. There might be corner cases
but that is inevitable as long as the decision to stop compacting dues not
guarantee that a page will be allocated.
Due to a new COMPACT_DEFERRED return value, some functions relying
implicitly on COMPACT_SKIPPED = 0 had to be updated, with comments made
more accurate. The did_some_progress output parameter of
__alloc_pages_direct_compact() is removed completely, as the caller
actually does not use it after compaction sets it - it is only considered
when direct reclaim sets it.
During testing on a two-node machine with a single very small Normal zone
on node 1, this patch has improved success rates in stress-highalloc
mmtests benchmark. The success here were previously made worse by commit
3a025760fc15 ("mm: page_alloc: spill to remote nodes before waking
kswapd") as kswapd was no longer resetting often enough the deferred
compaction for the Normal zone, and DMA32 zones on both nodes were thus
not considered for compaction. On different machine, success rates were
improved with __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_COMPACTION=n build]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:02 +08:00
|
|
|
return COMPACT_SKIPPED;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-07-29 06:49:28 +08:00
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_try_to_compact_pages(order, gfp_mask, prio);
|
2015-02-12 07:27:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Compact each zone in the list */
|
2015-02-12 07:25:44 +08:00
|
|
|
for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, ac->zonelist, ac->high_zoneidx,
|
|
|
|
ac->nodemask) {
|
2016-05-21 07:56:38 +08:00
|
|
|
enum compact_result status;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 07:57:47 +08:00
|
|
|
if (prio > MIN_COMPACT_PRIORITY
|
|
|
|
&& compaction_deferred(zone, order)) {
|
2016-05-21 07:56:44 +08:00
|
|
|
rc = max_t(enum compact_result, COMPACT_DEFERRED, rc);
|
mm, compaction: defer each zone individually instead of preferred zone
When direct sync compaction is often unsuccessful, it may become deferred
for some time to avoid further useless attempts, both sync and async.
Successful high-order allocations un-defer compaction, while further
unsuccessful compaction attempts prolong the compaction deferred period.
Currently the checking and setting deferred status is performed only on
the preferred zone of the allocation that invoked direct compaction. But
compaction itself is attempted on all eligible zones in the zonelist, so
the behavior is suboptimal and may lead both to scenarios where 1)
compaction is attempted uselessly, or 2) where it's not attempted despite
good chances of succeeding, as shown on the examples below:
1) A direct compaction with Normal preferred zone failed and set
deferred compaction for the Normal zone. Another unrelated direct
compaction with DMA32 as preferred zone will attempt to compact DMA32
zone even though the first compaction attempt also included DMA32 zone.
In another scenario, compaction with Normal preferred zone failed to
compact Normal zone, but succeeded in the DMA32 zone, so it will not
defer compaction. In the next attempt, it will try Normal zone which
will fail again, instead of skipping Normal zone and trying DMA32
directly.
2) Kswapd will balance DMA32 zone and reset defer status based on
watermarks looking good. A direct compaction with preferred Normal
zone will skip compaction of all zones including DMA32 because Normal
was still deferred. The allocation might have succeeded in DMA32, but
won't.
This patch makes compaction deferring work on individual zone basis
instead of preferred zone. For each zone, it checks compaction_deferred()
to decide if the zone should be skipped. If watermarks fail after
compacting the zone, defer_compaction() is called. The zone where
watermarks passed can still be deferred when the allocation attempt is
unsuccessful. When allocation is successful, compaction_defer_reset() is
called for the zone containing the allocated page. This approach should
approximate calling defer_compaction() only on zones where compaction was
attempted and did not yield allocated page. There might be corner cases
but that is inevitable as long as the decision to stop compacting dues not
guarantee that a page will be allocated.
Due to a new COMPACT_DEFERRED return value, some functions relying
implicitly on COMPACT_SKIPPED = 0 had to be updated, with comments made
more accurate. The did_some_progress output parameter of
__alloc_pages_direct_compact() is removed completely, as the caller
actually does not use it after compaction sets it - it is only considered
when direct reclaim sets it.
During testing on a two-node machine with a single very small Normal zone
on node 1, this patch has improved success rates in stress-highalloc
mmtests benchmark. The success here were previously made worse by commit
3a025760fc15 ("mm: page_alloc: spill to remote nodes before waking
kswapd") as kswapd was no longer resetting often enough the deferred
compaction for the Normal zone, and DMA32 zones on both nodes were thus
not considered for compaction. On different machine, success rates were
improved with __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_COMPACTION=n build]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:02 +08:00
|
|
|
continue;
|
2016-05-21 07:56:44 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
mm, compaction: defer each zone individually instead of preferred zone
When direct sync compaction is often unsuccessful, it may become deferred
for some time to avoid further useless attempts, both sync and async.
Successful high-order allocations un-defer compaction, while further
unsuccessful compaction attempts prolong the compaction deferred period.
Currently the checking and setting deferred status is performed only on
the preferred zone of the allocation that invoked direct compaction. But
compaction itself is attempted on all eligible zones in the zonelist, so
the behavior is suboptimal and may lead both to scenarios where 1)
compaction is attempted uselessly, or 2) where it's not attempted despite
good chances of succeeding, as shown on the examples below:
1) A direct compaction with Normal preferred zone failed and set
deferred compaction for the Normal zone. Another unrelated direct
compaction with DMA32 as preferred zone will attempt to compact DMA32
zone even though the first compaction attempt also included DMA32 zone.
In another scenario, compaction with Normal preferred zone failed to
compact Normal zone, but succeeded in the DMA32 zone, so it will not
defer compaction. In the next attempt, it will try Normal zone which
will fail again, instead of skipping Normal zone and trying DMA32
directly.
2) Kswapd will balance DMA32 zone and reset defer status based on
watermarks looking good. A direct compaction with preferred Normal
zone will skip compaction of all zones including DMA32 because Normal
was still deferred. The allocation might have succeeded in DMA32, but
won't.
This patch makes compaction deferring work on individual zone basis
instead of preferred zone. For each zone, it checks compaction_deferred()
to decide if the zone should be skipped. If watermarks fail after
compacting the zone, defer_compaction() is called. The zone where
watermarks passed can still be deferred when the allocation attempt is
unsuccessful. When allocation is successful, compaction_defer_reset() is
called for the zone containing the allocated page. This approach should
approximate calling defer_compaction() only on zones where compaction was
attempted and did not yield allocated page. There might be corner cases
but that is inevitable as long as the decision to stop compacting dues not
guarantee that a page will be allocated.
Due to a new COMPACT_DEFERRED return value, some functions relying
implicitly on COMPACT_SKIPPED = 0 had to be updated, with comments made
more accurate. The did_some_progress output parameter of
__alloc_pages_direct_compact() is removed completely, as the caller
actually does not use it after compaction sets it - it is only considered
when direct reclaim sets it.
During testing on a two-node machine with a single very small Normal zone
on node 1, this patch has improved success rates in stress-highalloc
mmtests benchmark. The success here were previously made worse by commit
3a025760fc15 ("mm: page_alloc: spill to remote nodes before waking
kswapd") as kswapd was no longer resetting often enough the deferred
compaction for the Normal zone, and DMA32 zones on both nodes were thus
not considered for compaction. On different machine, success rates were
improved with __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_COMPACTION=n build]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:02 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-07-29 06:49:28 +08:00
|
|
|
status = compact_zone_order(zone, order, gfp_mask, prio,
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
alloc_flags, ac_classzone_idx(ac), capture);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
rc = max(status, rc);
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 07:57:44 +08:00
|
|
|
/* The allocation should succeed, stop compacting */
|
|
|
|
if (status == COMPACT_SUCCESS) {
|
mm, compaction: defer each zone individually instead of preferred zone
When direct sync compaction is often unsuccessful, it may become deferred
for some time to avoid further useless attempts, both sync and async.
Successful high-order allocations un-defer compaction, while further
unsuccessful compaction attempts prolong the compaction deferred period.
Currently the checking and setting deferred status is performed only on
the preferred zone of the allocation that invoked direct compaction. But
compaction itself is attempted on all eligible zones in the zonelist, so
the behavior is suboptimal and may lead both to scenarios where 1)
compaction is attempted uselessly, or 2) where it's not attempted despite
good chances of succeeding, as shown on the examples below:
1) A direct compaction with Normal preferred zone failed and set
deferred compaction for the Normal zone. Another unrelated direct
compaction with DMA32 as preferred zone will attempt to compact DMA32
zone even though the first compaction attempt also included DMA32 zone.
In another scenario, compaction with Normal preferred zone failed to
compact Normal zone, but succeeded in the DMA32 zone, so it will not
defer compaction. In the next attempt, it will try Normal zone which
will fail again, instead of skipping Normal zone and trying DMA32
directly.
2) Kswapd will balance DMA32 zone and reset defer status based on
watermarks looking good. A direct compaction with preferred Normal
zone will skip compaction of all zones including DMA32 because Normal
was still deferred. The allocation might have succeeded in DMA32, but
won't.
This patch makes compaction deferring work on individual zone basis
instead of preferred zone. For each zone, it checks compaction_deferred()
to decide if the zone should be skipped. If watermarks fail after
compacting the zone, defer_compaction() is called. The zone where
watermarks passed can still be deferred when the allocation attempt is
unsuccessful. When allocation is successful, compaction_defer_reset() is
called for the zone containing the allocated page. This approach should
approximate calling defer_compaction() only on zones where compaction was
attempted and did not yield allocated page. There might be corner cases
but that is inevitable as long as the decision to stop compacting dues not
guarantee that a page will be allocated.
Due to a new COMPACT_DEFERRED return value, some functions relying
implicitly on COMPACT_SKIPPED = 0 had to be updated, with comments made
more accurate. The did_some_progress output parameter of
__alloc_pages_direct_compact() is removed completely, as the caller
actually does not use it after compaction sets it - it is only considered
when direct reclaim sets it.
During testing on a two-node machine with a single very small Normal zone
on node 1, this patch has improved success rates in stress-highalloc
mmtests benchmark. The success here were previously made worse by commit
3a025760fc15 ("mm: page_alloc: spill to remote nodes before waking
kswapd") as kswapd was no longer resetting often enough the deferred
compaction for the Normal zone, and DMA32 zones on both nodes were thus
not considered for compaction. On different machine, success rates were
improved with __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_COMPACTION=n build]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:02 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We think the allocation will succeed in this zone,
|
|
|
|
* but it is not certain, hence the false. The caller
|
|
|
|
* will repeat this with true if allocation indeed
|
|
|
|
* succeeds in this zone.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
compaction_defer_reset(zone, order, false);
|
mm, compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()
Async compaction aborts when it detects zone lock contention or
need_resched() is true. David Rientjes has reported that in practice,
most direct async compactions for THP allocation abort due to
need_resched(). This means that a second direct compaction is never
attempted, which might be OK for a page fault, but khugepaged is intended
to attempt a sync compaction in such case and in these cases it won't.
This patch replaces "bool contended" in compact_control with an int that
distinguishes between aborting due to need_resched() and aborting due to
lock contention. This allows propagating the abort through all compaction
functions as before, but passing the abort reason up to
__alloc_pages_slowpath() which decides when to continue with direct
reclaim and another compaction attempt.
Another problem is that try_to_compact_pages() did not act upon the
reported contention (both need_resched() or lock contention) immediately
and would proceed with another zone from the zonelist. When
need_resched() is true, that means initializing another zone compaction,
only to check again need_resched() in isolate_migratepages() and aborting.
For zone lock contention, the unintended consequence is that the lock
contended status reported back to the allocator is detrmined from the last
zone where compaction was attempted, which is rather arbitrary.
This patch fixes the problem in the following way:
- async compaction of a zone aborting due to need_resched() or fatal signal
pending means that further zones should not be tried. We report
COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED to the allocator.
- aborting zone compaction due to lock contention means we can still try
another zone, since it has different set of locks. We report back
COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK only if *all* zones where compaction was attempted,
it was aborted due to lock contention.
As a result of these fixes, khugepaged will proceed with second sync
compaction as intended, when the preceding async compaction aborted due to
need_resched(). Page fault compactions aborting due to need_resched()
will spare some cycles previously wasted by initializing another zone
compaction only to abort again. Lock contention will be reported only
when compaction in all zones aborted due to lock contention, and therefore
it's not a good idea to try again after reclaim.
In stress-highalloc from mmtests configured to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, this
has improved number of THP collapse allocations by 10%, which shows
positive effect on khugepaged. The benchmark's success rates are
unchanged as it is not recognized as khugepaged. Numbers of compact_stall
and compact_fail events have however decreased by 20%, with
compact_success still a bit improved, which is good. With benchmark
configured not to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, there is 6% improvement in THP
collapse allocations, and only slight improvement in stalls and failures.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:14 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: simplify contended compaction handling
Async compaction detects contention either due to failing trylock on
zone->lock or lru_lock, or by need_resched(). Since 1f9efdef4f3f ("mm,
compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()") the
code got quite complicated to distinguish these two up to the
__alloc_pages_slowpath() level, so different decisions could be taken
for khugepaged allocations.
After the recent changes, khugepaged allocations don't check for
contended compaction anymore, so we again don't need to distinguish lock
and sched contention, and simplify the current convoluted code a lot.
However, I believe it's also possible to simplify even more and
completely remove the check for contended compaction after the initial
async compaction for costly orders, which was originally aimed at THP
page fault allocations. There are several reasons why this can be done
now:
- with the new defaults, THP page faults no longer do reclaim/compaction at
all, unless the system admin has overridden the default, or application has
indicated via madvise that it can benefit from THP's. In both cases, it
means that the potential extra latency is expected and worth the benefits.
- even if reclaim/compaction proceeds after this patch where it previously
wouldn't, the second compaction attempt is still async and will detect the
contention and back off, if the contention persists
- there are still heuristics like deferred compaction and pageblock skip bits
in place that prevent excessive THP page fault latencies
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-29 06:49:30 +08:00
|
|
|
break;
|
mm, compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()
Async compaction aborts when it detects zone lock contention or
need_resched() is true. David Rientjes has reported that in practice,
most direct async compactions for THP allocation abort due to
need_resched(). This means that a second direct compaction is never
attempted, which might be OK for a page fault, but khugepaged is intended
to attempt a sync compaction in such case and in these cases it won't.
This patch replaces "bool contended" in compact_control with an int that
distinguishes between aborting due to need_resched() and aborting due to
lock contention. This allows propagating the abort through all compaction
functions as before, but passing the abort reason up to
__alloc_pages_slowpath() which decides when to continue with direct
reclaim and another compaction attempt.
Another problem is that try_to_compact_pages() did not act upon the
reported contention (both need_resched() or lock contention) immediately
and would proceed with another zone from the zonelist. When
need_resched() is true, that means initializing another zone compaction,
only to check again need_resched() in isolate_migratepages() and aborting.
For zone lock contention, the unintended consequence is that the lock
contended status reported back to the allocator is detrmined from the last
zone where compaction was attempted, which is rather arbitrary.
This patch fixes the problem in the following way:
- async compaction of a zone aborting due to need_resched() or fatal signal
pending means that further zones should not be tried. We report
COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED to the allocator.
- aborting zone compaction due to lock contention means we can still try
another zone, since it has different set of locks. We report back
COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK only if *all* zones where compaction was attempted,
it was aborted due to lock contention.
As a result of these fixes, khugepaged will proceed with second sync
compaction as intended, when the preceding async compaction aborted due to
need_resched(). Page fault compactions aborting due to need_resched()
will spare some cycles previously wasted by initializing another zone
compaction only to abort again. Lock contention will be reported only
when compaction in all zones aborted due to lock contention, and therefore
it's not a good idea to try again after reclaim.
In stress-highalloc from mmtests configured to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, this
has improved number of THP collapse allocations by 10%, which shows
positive effect on khugepaged. The benchmark's success rates are
unchanged as it is not recognized as khugepaged. Numbers of compact_stall
and compact_fail events have however decreased by 20%, with
compact_success still a bit improved, which is good. With benchmark
configured not to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, there is 6% improvement in THP
collapse allocations, and only slight improvement in stalls and failures.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:14 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2016-07-29 06:49:28 +08:00
|
|
|
if (prio != COMPACT_PRIO_ASYNC && (status == COMPACT_COMPLETE ||
|
mm, compaction: simplify contended compaction handling
Async compaction detects contention either due to failing trylock on
zone->lock or lru_lock, or by need_resched(). Since 1f9efdef4f3f ("mm,
compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()") the
code got quite complicated to distinguish these two up to the
__alloc_pages_slowpath() level, so different decisions could be taken
for khugepaged allocations.
After the recent changes, khugepaged allocations don't check for
contended compaction anymore, so we again don't need to distinguish lock
and sched contention, and simplify the current convoluted code a lot.
However, I believe it's also possible to simplify even more and
completely remove the check for contended compaction after the initial
async compaction for costly orders, which was originally aimed at THP
page fault allocations. There are several reasons why this can be done
now:
- with the new defaults, THP page faults no longer do reclaim/compaction at
all, unless the system admin has overridden the default, or application has
indicated via madvise that it can benefit from THP's. In both cases, it
means that the potential extra latency is expected and worth the benefits.
- even if reclaim/compaction proceeds after this patch where it previously
wouldn't, the second compaction attempt is still async and will detect the
contention and back off, if the contention persists
- there are still heuristics like deferred compaction and pageblock skip bits
in place that prevent excessive THP page fault latencies
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-29 06:49:30 +08:00
|
|
|
status == COMPACT_PARTIAL_SKIPPED))
|
mm, compaction: defer each zone individually instead of preferred zone
When direct sync compaction is often unsuccessful, it may become deferred
for some time to avoid further useless attempts, both sync and async.
Successful high-order allocations un-defer compaction, while further
unsuccessful compaction attempts prolong the compaction deferred period.
Currently the checking and setting deferred status is performed only on
the preferred zone of the allocation that invoked direct compaction. But
compaction itself is attempted on all eligible zones in the zonelist, so
the behavior is suboptimal and may lead both to scenarios where 1)
compaction is attempted uselessly, or 2) where it's not attempted despite
good chances of succeeding, as shown on the examples below:
1) A direct compaction with Normal preferred zone failed and set
deferred compaction for the Normal zone. Another unrelated direct
compaction with DMA32 as preferred zone will attempt to compact DMA32
zone even though the first compaction attempt also included DMA32 zone.
In another scenario, compaction with Normal preferred zone failed to
compact Normal zone, but succeeded in the DMA32 zone, so it will not
defer compaction. In the next attempt, it will try Normal zone which
will fail again, instead of skipping Normal zone and trying DMA32
directly.
2) Kswapd will balance DMA32 zone and reset defer status based on
watermarks looking good. A direct compaction with preferred Normal
zone will skip compaction of all zones including DMA32 because Normal
was still deferred. The allocation might have succeeded in DMA32, but
won't.
This patch makes compaction deferring work on individual zone basis
instead of preferred zone. For each zone, it checks compaction_deferred()
to decide if the zone should be skipped. If watermarks fail after
compacting the zone, defer_compaction() is called. The zone where
watermarks passed can still be deferred when the allocation attempt is
unsuccessful. When allocation is successful, compaction_defer_reset() is
called for the zone containing the allocated page. This approach should
approximate calling defer_compaction() only on zones where compaction was
attempted and did not yield allocated page. There might be corner cases
but that is inevitable as long as the decision to stop compacting dues not
guarantee that a page will be allocated.
Due to a new COMPACT_DEFERRED return value, some functions relying
implicitly on COMPACT_SKIPPED = 0 had to be updated, with comments made
more accurate. The did_some_progress output parameter of
__alloc_pages_direct_compact() is removed completely, as the caller
actually does not use it after compaction sets it - it is only considered
when direct reclaim sets it.
During testing on a two-node machine with a single very small Normal zone
on node 1, this patch has improved success rates in stress-highalloc
mmtests benchmark. The success here were previously made worse by commit
3a025760fc15 ("mm: page_alloc: spill to remote nodes before waking
kswapd") as kswapd was no longer resetting often enough the deferred
compaction for the Normal zone, and DMA32 zones on both nodes were thus
not considered for compaction. On different machine, success rates were
improved with __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_COMPACTION=n build]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:02 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We think that allocation won't succeed in this zone
|
|
|
|
* so we defer compaction there. If it ends up
|
|
|
|
* succeeding after all, it will be reset.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
defer_compaction(zone, order);
|
mm, compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()
Async compaction aborts when it detects zone lock contention or
need_resched() is true. David Rientjes has reported that in practice,
most direct async compactions for THP allocation abort due to
need_resched(). This means that a second direct compaction is never
attempted, which might be OK for a page fault, but khugepaged is intended
to attempt a sync compaction in such case and in these cases it won't.
This patch replaces "bool contended" in compact_control with an int that
distinguishes between aborting due to need_resched() and aborting due to
lock contention. This allows propagating the abort through all compaction
functions as before, but passing the abort reason up to
__alloc_pages_slowpath() which decides when to continue with direct
reclaim and another compaction attempt.
Another problem is that try_to_compact_pages() did not act upon the
reported contention (both need_resched() or lock contention) immediately
and would proceed with another zone from the zonelist. When
need_resched() is true, that means initializing another zone compaction,
only to check again need_resched() in isolate_migratepages() and aborting.
For zone lock contention, the unintended consequence is that the lock
contended status reported back to the allocator is detrmined from the last
zone where compaction was attempted, which is rather arbitrary.
This patch fixes the problem in the following way:
- async compaction of a zone aborting due to need_resched() or fatal signal
pending means that further zones should not be tried. We report
COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED to the allocator.
- aborting zone compaction due to lock contention means we can still try
another zone, since it has different set of locks. We report back
COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK only if *all* zones where compaction was attempted,
it was aborted due to lock contention.
As a result of these fixes, khugepaged will proceed with second sync
compaction as intended, when the preceding async compaction aborted due to
need_resched(). Page fault compactions aborting due to need_resched()
will spare some cycles previously wasted by initializing another zone
compaction only to abort again. Lock contention will be reported only
when compaction in all zones aborted due to lock contention, and therefore
it's not a good idea to try again after reclaim.
In stress-highalloc from mmtests configured to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, this
has improved number of THP collapse allocations by 10%, which shows
positive effect on khugepaged. The benchmark's success rates are
unchanged as it is not recognized as khugepaged. Numbers of compact_stall
and compact_fail events have however decreased by 20%, with
compact_success still a bit improved, which is good. With benchmark
configured not to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, there is 6% improvement in THP
collapse allocations, and only slight improvement in stalls and failures.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:14 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We might have stopped compacting due to need_resched() in
|
|
|
|
* async compaction, or due to a fatal signal detected. In that
|
mm, compaction: simplify contended compaction handling
Async compaction detects contention either due to failing trylock on
zone->lock or lru_lock, or by need_resched(). Since 1f9efdef4f3f ("mm,
compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()") the
code got quite complicated to distinguish these two up to the
__alloc_pages_slowpath() level, so different decisions could be taken
for khugepaged allocations.
After the recent changes, khugepaged allocations don't check for
contended compaction anymore, so we again don't need to distinguish lock
and sched contention, and simplify the current convoluted code a lot.
However, I believe it's also possible to simplify even more and
completely remove the check for contended compaction after the initial
async compaction for costly orders, which was originally aimed at THP
page fault allocations. There are several reasons why this can be done
now:
- with the new defaults, THP page faults no longer do reclaim/compaction at
all, unless the system admin has overridden the default, or application has
indicated via madvise that it can benefit from THP's. In both cases, it
means that the potential extra latency is expected and worth the benefits.
- even if reclaim/compaction proceeds after this patch where it previously
wouldn't, the second compaction attempt is still async and will detect the
contention and back off, if the contention persists
- there are still heuristics like deferred compaction and pageblock skip bits
in place that prevent excessive THP page fault latencies
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-29 06:49:30 +08:00
|
|
|
* case do not try further zones
|
mm, compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()
Async compaction aborts when it detects zone lock contention or
need_resched() is true. David Rientjes has reported that in practice,
most direct async compactions for THP allocation abort due to
need_resched(). This means that a second direct compaction is never
attempted, which might be OK for a page fault, but khugepaged is intended
to attempt a sync compaction in such case and in these cases it won't.
This patch replaces "bool contended" in compact_control with an int that
distinguishes between aborting due to need_resched() and aborting due to
lock contention. This allows propagating the abort through all compaction
functions as before, but passing the abort reason up to
__alloc_pages_slowpath() which decides when to continue with direct
reclaim and another compaction attempt.
Another problem is that try_to_compact_pages() did not act upon the
reported contention (both need_resched() or lock contention) immediately
and would proceed with another zone from the zonelist. When
need_resched() is true, that means initializing another zone compaction,
only to check again need_resched() in isolate_migratepages() and aborting.
For zone lock contention, the unintended consequence is that the lock
contended status reported back to the allocator is detrmined from the last
zone where compaction was attempted, which is rather arbitrary.
This patch fixes the problem in the following way:
- async compaction of a zone aborting due to need_resched() or fatal signal
pending means that further zones should not be tried. We report
COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED to the allocator.
- aborting zone compaction due to lock contention means we can still try
another zone, since it has different set of locks. We report back
COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK only if *all* zones where compaction was attempted,
it was aborted due to lock contention.
As a result of these fixes, khugepaged will proceed with second sync
compaction as intended, when the preceding async compaction aborted due to
need_resched(). Page fault compactions aborting due to need_resched()
will spare some cycles previously wasted by initializing another zone
compaction only to abort again. Lock contention will be reported only
when compaction in all zones aborted due to lock contention, and therefore
it's not a good idea to try again after reclaim.
In stress-highalloc from mmtests configured to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, this
has improved number of THP collapse allocations by 10%, which shows
positive effect on khugepaged. The benchmark's success rates are
unchanged as it is not recognized as khugepaged. Numbers of compact_stall
and compact_fail events have however decreased by 20%, with
compact_success still a bit improved, which is good. With benchmark
configured not to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, there is 6% improvement in THP
collapse allocations, and only slight improvement in stalls and failures.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-10 06:27:14 +08:00
|
|
|
*/
|
mm, compaction: simplify contended compaction handling
Async compaction detects contention either due to failing trylock on
zone->lock or lru_lock, or by need_resched(). Since 1f9efdef4f3f ("mm,
compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()") the
code got quite complicated to distinguish these two up to the
__alloc_pages_slowpath() level, so different decisions could be taken
for khugepaged allocations.
After the recent changes, khugepaged allocations don't check for
contended compaction anymore, so we again don't need to distinguish lock
and sched contention, and simplify the current convoluted code a lot.
However, I believe it's also possible to simplify even more and
completely remove the check for contended compaction after the initial
async compaction for costly orders, which was originally aimed at THP
page fault allocations. There are several reasons why this can be done
now:
- with the new defaults, THP page faults no longer do reclaim/compaction at
all, unless the system admin has overridden the default, or application has
indicated via madvise that it can benefit from THP's. In both cases, it
means that the potential extra latency is expected and worth the benefits.
- even if reclaim/compaction proceeds after this patch where it previously
wouldn't, the second compaction attempt is still async and will detect the
contention and back off, if the contention persists
- there are still heuristics like deferred compaction and pageblock skip bits
in place that prevent excessive THP page fault latencies
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-29 06:49:30 +08:00
|
|
|
if ((prio == COMPACT_PRIO_ASYNC && need_resched())
|
|
|
|
|| fatal_signal_pending(current))
|
|
|
|
break;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:30 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return rc;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Compact all zones within a node */
|
2016-10-08 07:57:38 +08:00
|
|
|
static void compact_node(int nid)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
2016-10-08 07:57:38 +08:00
|
|
|
pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
int zoneid;
|
|
|
|
struct zone *zone;
|
2016-10-08 07:57:38 +08:00
|
|
|
struct compact_control cc = {
|
|
|
|
.order = -1,
|
|
|
|
.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC,
|
|
|
|
.ignore_skip_hint = true,
|
|
|
|
.whole_zone = true,
|
2016-12-15 07:04:07 +08:00
|
|
|
.gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL,
|
2016-10-08 07:57:38 +08:00
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (zoneid = 0; zoneid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zoneid++) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid];
|
|
|
|
if (!populated_zone(zone))
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 07:57:38 +08:00
|
|
|
cc.zone = zone;
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
compact_zone(&cc, NULL);
|
2016-01-15 07:20:48 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 07:57:38 +08:00
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.freepages));
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.migratepages));
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Compact all nodes in the system */
|
2013-01-12 06:31:47 +08:00
|
|
|
static void compact_nodes(void)
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int nid;
|
|
|
|
|
2012-03-22 07:33:53 +08:00
|
|
|
/* Flush pending updates to the LRU lists */
|
|
|
|
lru_add_drain_all();
|
|
|
|
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
for_each_online_node(nid)
|
|
|
|
compact_node(nid);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* The written value is actually unused, all memory is compacted */
|
|
|
|
int sysctl_compact_memory;
|
|
|
|
|
2016-01-15 07:20:09 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* This is the entry point for compacting all nodes via
|
|
|
|
* /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
int sysctl_compaction_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
|
|
|
|
void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (write)
|
2013-01-12 06:31:47 +08:00
|
|
|
compact_nodes();
|
2010-05-25 05:32:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
|
2014-04-04 05:48:01 +08:00
|
|
|
static ssize_t sysfs_compact_node(struct device *dev,
|
2011-12-22 06:48:43 +08:00
|
|
|
struct device_attribute *attr,
|
2010-05-25 05:32:29 +08:00
|
|
|
const char *buf, size_t count)
|
|
|
|
{
|
2012-03-22 07:33:53 +08:00
|
|
|
int nid = dev->id;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (nid >= 0 && nid < nr_node_ids && node_online(nid)) {
|
|
|
|
/* Flush pending updates to the LRU lists */
|
|
|
|
lru_add_drain_all();
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compact_node(nid);
|
|
|
|
}
|
2010-05-25 05:32:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2018-06-15 06:27:58 +08:00
|
|
|
static DEVICE_ATTR(compact, 0200, NULL, sysfs_compact_node);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
int compaction_register_node(struct node *node)
|
|
|
|
{
|
2011-12-22 06:48:43 +08:00
|
|
|
return device_create_file(&node->dev, &dev_attr_compact);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:29 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void compaction_unregister_node(struct node *node)
|
|
|
|
{
|
2011-12-22 06:48:43 +08:00
|
|
|
return device_remove_file(&node->dev, &dev_attr_compact);
|
2010-05-25 05:32:29 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS && CONFIG_NUMA */
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
static inline bool kcompactd_work_requested(pg_data_t *pgdat)
|
|
|
|
{
|
2016-05-06 07:22:32 +08:00
|
|
|
return pgdat->kcompactd_max_order > 0 || kthread_should_stop();
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static bool kcompactd_node_suitable(pg_data_t *pgdat)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int zoneid;
|
|
|
|
struct zone *zone;
|
|
|
|
enum zone_type classzone_idx = pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx;
|
|
|
|
|
2016-05-21 07:59:02 +08:00
|
|
|
for (zoneid = 0; zoneid <= classzone_idx; zoneid++) {
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid];
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!populated_zone(zone))
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (compaction_suitable(zone, pgdat->kcompactd_max_order, 0,
|
|
|
|
classzone_idx) == COMPACT_CONTINUE)
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static void kcompactd_do_work(pg_data_t *pgdat)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* With no special task, compact all zones so that a page of requested
|
|
|
|
* order is allocatable.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
int zoneid;
|
|
|
|
struct zone *zone;
|
|
|
|
struct compact_control cc = {
|
|
|
|
.order = pgdat->kcompactd_max_order,
|
2019-03-06 07:45:31 +08:00
|
|
|
.search_order = pgdat->kcompactd_max_order,
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
.classzone_idx = pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx,
|
|
|
|
.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT,
|
2017-11-18 07:26:27 +08:00
|
|
|
.ignore_skip_hint = false,
|
2016-12-15 07:04:07 +08:00
|
|
|
.gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL,
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_kcompactd_wake(pgdat->node_id, cc.order,
|
|
|
|
cc.classzone_idx);
|
2017-02-23 07:44:50 +08:00
|
|
|
count_compact_event(KCOMPACTD_WAKE);
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-05-21 07:59:02 +08:00
|
|
|
for (zoneid = 0; zoneid <= cc.classzone_idx; zoneid++) {
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
int status;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid];
|
|
|
|
if (!populated_zone(zone))
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (compaction_deferred(zone, cc.order))
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (compaction_suitable(zone, cc.order, 0, zoneid) !=
|
|
|
|
COMPACT_CONTINUE)
|
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
|
2016-05-06 07:22:32 +08:00
|
|
|
if (kthread_should_stop())
|
|
|
|
return;
|
2019-09-24 06:36:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cc.zone = zone;
|
2019-03-06 07:45:41 +08:00
|
|
|
status = compact_zone(&cc, NULL);
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 07:57:44 +08:00
|
|
|
if (status == COMPACT_SUCCESS) {
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
compaction_defer_reset(zone, cc.order, false);
|
2016-05-21 07:56:47 +08:00
|
|
|
} else if (status == COMPACT_PARTIAL_SKIPPED || status == COMPACT_COMPLETE) {
|
mm, compaction: drain pcps for zone when kcompactd fails
It's possible for free pages to become stranded on per-cpu pagesets
(pcps) that, if drained, could be merged with buddy pages on the zone's
free area to form large order pages, including up to MAX_ORDER.
Consider a verbose example using the tools/vm/page-types tool at the
beginning of a ZONE_NORMAL ('B' indicates a buddy page and 'S' indicates
a slab page). Pages on pcps do not have any page flags set.
109954 1 _______S________________________________________________________
109955 2 __________B_____________________________________________________
109957 1 ________________________________________________________________
109958 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109959 7 ________________________________________________________________
109960 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109961 9 ________________________________________________________________
10996a 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
10996b 3 ________________________________________________________________
10996e 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
10996f 1 ________________________________________________________________
...
109f8c 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109f8d 2 ________________________________________________________________
109f8f 2 __________B_____________________________________________________
109f91 f ________________________________________________________________
109fa0 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109fa1 7 ________________________________________________________________
109fa8 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109fa9 1 ________________________________________________________________
109faa 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109fab 1 _______S________________________________________________________
The compaction migration scanner is attempting to defragment this memory
since it is at the beginning of the zone. It has done so quite well,
all movable pages have been migrated. From pfn [0x109955, 0x109fab),
there are only buddy pages and pages without flags set.
These pages may be stranded on pcps that could otherwise allow this
memory to be coalesced if freed back to the zone free area. It is
possible that some of these pages may not be on pcps and that something
has called alloc_pages() and used the memory directly, but we rely on
the absence of __GFP_MOVABLE in these cases to allocate from
MIGATE_UNMOVABLE pageblocks to try to keep these MIGRATE_MOVABLE
pageblocks as free as possible.
These buddy and pcp pages, spanning 1,621 pages, could be coalesced and
allow for three transparent hugepages to be dynamically allocated.
Running the numbers for all such spans on the system, it was found that
there were over 400 such spans of only buddy pages and pages without
flags set at the time this /proc/kpageflags sample was collected.
Without this support, there were _no_ order-9 or order-10 pages free.
When kcompactd fails to defragment memory such that a cc.order page can
be allocated, drain all pcps for the zone back to the buddy allocator so
this stranding cannot occur. Compaction for that order will
subsequently be deferred, which acts as a ratelimit on this drain.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803010340100.88270@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-04-06 07:24:02 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Buddy pages may become stranded on pcps that could
|
|
|
|
* otherwise coalesce on the zone's free area for
|
|
|
|
* order >= cc.order. This is ratelimited by the
|
|
|
|
* upcoming deferral.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
drain_all_pages(zone);
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We use sync migration mode here, so we defer like
|
|
|
|
* sync direct compaction does.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
defer_compaction(zone, cc.order);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-23 07:44:50 +08:00
|
|
|
count_compact_events(KCOMPACTD_MIGRATE_SCANNED,
|
|
|
|
cc.total_migrate_scanned);
|
|
|
|
count_compact_events(KCOMPACTD_FREE_SCANNED,
|
|
|
|
cc.total_free_scanned);
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.freepages));
|
|
|
|
VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.migratepages));
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Regardless of success, we are done until woken up next. But remember
|
|
|
|
* the requested order/classzone_idx in case it was higher/tighter than
|
|
|
|
* our current ones
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (pgdat->kcompactd_max_order <= cc.order)
|
|
|
|
pgdat->kcompactd_max_order = 0;
|
|
|
|
if (pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx >= cc.classzone_idx)
|
|
|
|
pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx = pgdat->nr_zones - 1;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void wakeup_kcompactd(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order, int classzone_idx)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (!order)
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pgdat->kcompactd_max_order < order)
|
|
|
|
pgdat->kcompactd_max_order = order;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx > classzone_idx)
|
|
|
|
pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx = classzone_idx;
|
|
|
|
|
2017-10-04 07:15:03 +08:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Pairs with implicit barrier in wait_event_freezable()
|
|
|
|
* such that wakeups are not missed.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!wq_has_sleeper(&pgdat->kcompactd_wait))
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!kcompactd_node_suitable(pgdat))
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_wakeup_kcompactd(pgdat->node_id, order,
|
|
|
|
classzone_idx);
|
|
|
|
wake_up_interruptible(&pgdat->kcompactd_wait);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* The background compaction daemon, started as a kernel thread
|
|
|
|
* from the init process.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static int kcompactd(void *p)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t*)p;
|
|
|
|
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const struct cpumask *cpumask = cpumask_of_node(pgdat->node_id);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!cpumask_empty(cpumask))
|
|
|
|
set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
set_freezable();
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pgdat->kcompactd_max_order = 0;
|
|
|
|
pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx = pgdat->nr_zones - 1;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
|
psi: pressure stall information for CPU, memory, and IO
When systems are overcommitted and resources become contended, it's hard
to tell exactly the impact this has on workload productivity, or how close
the system is to lockups and OOM kills. In particular, when machines work
multiple jobs concurrently, the impact of overcommit in terms of latency
and throughput on the individual job can be enormous.
In order to maximize hardware utilization without sacrificing individual
job health or risk complete machine lockups, this patch implements a way
to quantify resource pressure in the system.
A kernel built with CONFIG_PSI=y creates files in /proc/pressure/ that
expose the percentage of time the system is stalled on CPU, memory, or IO,
respectively. Stall states are aggregate versions of the per-task delay
accounting delays:
cpu: some tasks are runnable but not executing on a CPU
memory: tasks are reclaiming, or waiting for swapin or thrashing cache
io: tasks are waiting for io completions
These percentages of walltime can be thought of as pressure percentages,
and they give a general sense of system health and productivity loss
incurred by resource overcommit. They can also indicate when the system
is approaching lockup scenarios and OOMs.
To do this, psi keeps track of the task states associated with each CPU
and samples the time they spend in stall states. Every 2 seconds, the
samples are averaged across CPUs - weighted by the CPUs' non-idle time to
eliminate artifacts from unused CPUs - and translated into percentages of
walltime. A running average of those percentages is maintained over 10s,
1m, and 5m periods (similar to the loadaverage).
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: doc fixlet, per Randy]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828205625.GA14030@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: code optimization]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907175015.GA8479@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: rename psi_clock() to psi_update_work(), per Peter]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907145404.GB11088@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180913014222.GA2370@cmpxchg.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828172258.3185-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Drake <drake@endlessm.com>
Tested-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@fb.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Enderborg <peter.enderborg@sony.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-10-27 06:06:27 +08:00
|
|
|
unsigned long pflags;
|
|
|
|
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
trace_mm_compaction_kcompactd_sleep(pgdat->node_id);
|
|
|
|
wait_event_freezable(pgdat->kcompactd_wait,
|
|
|
|
kcompactd_work_requested(pgdat));
|
|
|
|
|
psi: pressure stall information for CPU, memory, and IO
When systems are overcommitted and resources become contended, it's hard
to tell exactly the impact this has on workload productivity, or how close
the system is to lockups and OOM kills. In particular, when machines work
multiple jobs concurrently, the impact of overcommit in terms of latency
and throughput on the individual job can be enormous.
In order to maximize hardware utilization without sacrificing individual
job health or risk complete machine lockups, this patch implements a way
to quantify resource pressure in the system.
A kernel built with CONFIG_PSI=y creates files in /proc/pressure/ that
expose the percentage of time the system is stalled on CPU, memory, or IO,
respectively. Stall states are aggregate versions of the per-task delay
accounting delays:
cpu: some tasks are runnable but not executing on a CPU
memory: tasks are reclaiming, or waiting for swapin or thrashing cache
io: tasks are waiting for io completions
These percentages of walltime can be thought of as pressure percentages,
and they give a general sense of system health and productivity loss
incurred by resource overcommit. They can also indicate when the system
is approaching lockup scenarios and OOMs.
To do this, psi keeps track of the task states associated with each CPU
and samples the time they spend in stall states. Every 2 seconds, the
samples are averaged across CPUs - weighted by the CPUs' non-idle time to
eliminate artifacts from unused CPUs - and translated into percentages of
walltime. A running average of those percentages is maintained over 10s,
1m, and 5m periods (similar to the loadaverage).
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: doc fixlet, per Randy]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828205625.GA14030@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: code optimization]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907175015.GA8479@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: rename psi_clock() to psi_update_work(), per Peter]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907145404.GB11088@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180913014222.GA2370@cmpxchg.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828172258.3185-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Drake <drake@endlessm.com>
Tested-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@fb.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Enderborg <peter.enderborg@sony.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-10-27 06:06:27 +08:00
|
|
|
psi_memstall_enter(&pflags);
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
kcompactd_do_work(pgdat);
|
psi: pressure stall information for CPU, memory, and IO
When systems are overcommitted and resources become contended, it's hard
to tell exactly the impact this has on workload productivity, or how close
the system is to lockups and OOM kills. In particular, when machines work
multiple jobs concurrently, the impact of overcommit in terms of latency
and throughput on the individual job can be enormous.
In order to maximize hardware utilization without sacrificing individual
job health or risk complete machine lockups, this patch implements a way
to quantify resource pressure in the system.
A kernel built with CONFIG_PSI=y creates files in /proc/pressure/ that
expose the percentage of time the system is stalled on CPU, memory, or IO,
respectively. Stall states are aggregate versions of the per-task delay
accounting delays:
cpu: some tasks are runnable but not executing on a CPU
memory: tasks are reclaiming, or waiting for swapin or thrashing cache
io: tasks are waiting for io completions
These percentages of walltime can be thought of as pressure percentages,
and they give a general sense of system health and productivity loss
incurred by resource overcommit. They can also indicate when the system
is approaching lockup scenarios and OOMs.
To do this, psi keeps track of the task states associated with each CPU
and samples the time they spend in stall states. Every 2 seconds, the
samples are averaged across CPUs - weighted by the CPUs' non-idle time to
eliminate artifacts from unused CPUs - and translated into percentages of
walltime. A running average of those percentages is maintained over 10s,
1m, and 5m periods (similar to the loadaverage).
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: doc fixlet, per Randy]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828205625.GA14030@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: code optimization]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907175015.GA8479@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: rename psi_clock() to psi_update_work(), per Peter]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907145404.GB11088@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180913014222.GA2370@cmpxchg.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828172258.3185-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Drake <drake@endlessm.com>
Tested-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@fb.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Enderborg <peter.enderborg@sony.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-10-27 06:06:27 +08:00
|
|
|
psi_memstall_leave(&pflags);
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* This kcompactd start function will be called by init and node-hot-add.
|
|
|
|
* On node-hot-add, kcompactd will moved to proper cpus if cpus are hot-added.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
int kcompactd_run(int nid)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
|
|
|
|
int ret = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pgdat->kcompactd)
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pgdat->kcompactd = kthread_run(kcompactd, pgdat, "kcompactd%d", nid);
|
|
|
|
if (IS_ERR(pgdat->kcompactd)) {
|
|
|
|
pr_err("Failed to start kcompactd on node %d\n", nid);
|
|
|
|
ret = PTR_ERR(pgdat->kcompactd);
|
|
|
|
pgdat->kcompactd = NULL;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return ret;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Called by memory hotplug when all memory in a node is offlined. Caller must
|
|
|
|
* hold mem_hotplug_begin/end().
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
void kcompactd_stop(int nid)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct task_struct *kcompactd = NODE_DATA(nid)->kcompactd;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (kcompactd) {
|
|
|
|
kthread_stop(kcompactd);
|
|
|
|
NODE_DATA(nid)->kcompactd = NULL;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* It's optimal to keep kcompactd on the same CPUs as their memory, but
|
|
|
|
* not required for correctness. So if the last cpu in a node goes
|
|
|
|
* away, we get changed to run anywhere: as the first one comes back,
|
|
|
|
* restore their cpu bindings.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-11-27 07:13:42 +08:00
|
|
|
static int kcompactd_cpu_online(unsigned int cpu)
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int nid;
|
|
|
|
|
2016-11-27 07:13:42 +08:00
|
|
|
for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) {
|
|
|
|
pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
|
|
|
|
const struct cpumask *mask;
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-11-27 07:13:42 +08:00
|
|
|
mask = cpumask_of_node(pgdat->node_id);
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2016-11-27 07:13:42 +08:00
|
|
|
if (cpumask_any_and(cpu_online_mask, mask) < nr_cpu_ids)
|
|
|
|
/* One of our CPUs online: restore mask */
|
|
|
|
set_cpus_allowed_ptr(pgdat->kcompactd, mask);
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
2016-11-27 07:13:42 +08:00
|
|
|
return 0;
|
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
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static int __init kcompactd_init(void)
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{
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int nid;
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2016-11-27 07:13:42 +08:00
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int ret;
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ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN,
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"mm/compaction:online",
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kcompactd_cpu_online, NULL);
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if (ret < 0) {
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pr_err("kcompactd: failed to register hotplug callbacks.\n");
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return ret;
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}
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mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts:
- kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure
- direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP
page fault attemps
- khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage
- manually from /proc
The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to
satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to
evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low
and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter
purpose is more
The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks:
- compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not
available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of
keeping memory fragmentation low.
- direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would
be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep
fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes.
- (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP
page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP.
- kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in
some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order
allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later
order-0 request.
To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an
equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread
which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations
(including hugepages) somewhat proactively.
One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could
however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let
kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical
than high-order ones.
Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a
single instance and tied to THP configs.
This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called
kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new
tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory
hotplug hooks.
For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and
ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality.
Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no
allocation latency to minimize.
This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd
compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up
kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with
the old approach.
Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and
follows these rules:
- we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from
the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd
- if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so
don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep
- the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd
Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up
kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are
not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a
fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also
possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd]
[paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-18 05:18:08 +08:00
|
|
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|
for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY)
|
|
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kcompactd_run(nid);
|
|
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|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
subsys_initcall(kcompactd_init)
|
|
|
|
|
2011-12-29 20:09:50 +08:00
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */
|